Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Introduction:
In a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which both reactants and
products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with
time. When there are stresses such as the change is concentration, temperature and
pressure which effect the reversible reaction, the chemical equilibrium will be disturbed.
In order to reestablish the chemical equilibrium, the composition of the reaction mixture
will shift in the direction that against the effect of change as the Le Chateliers Principle.
In this experiment, we will improve our knowledge of chemical equilibrium and of the
way that reversible reation reestablish the chemical equilibrium in many situations.
1.ACID/BASE EQUILIBRIA
Procedure:
- Place 10 drops of 0.5 M K2CrO4 to a clean test tube.
- Add 10 drops of concentrated HCl. Observe the change of color.
- And then add 5 drops of 6N NaOH. Record your observations.
Result:
Equilibrium System:
2CrO42- + 2H+ <-> Cr2O72- + H2O
Description
of conditions
Predicted
outcome
Observation
Initial
solution
Picture
Explanation
The equation
equilibrium.
is
in
+ Conc. HCl
+ 6N NaOH
Conclusion:
The equilibrium of the reversible reaction will be disturbed due to the change of
concentration of reactants. We see that the result of the experiment is consistent with
the Le Chateliers Principle which is when we add more reactants, the reaction will shifts
to the right and when we reduce the reactants, the reaction will shifts to the left to
reestablish the equilibrium.
2. EQUILIBRIA OF ACID/BASE INDICATORS:
Procedure:
Place 2 drops of methyl violet to a clean test tube. Add 20 mL of distilled water, mix well.
Divide the solution evenly into two test tubes. Save one as a reference. Note the color.
- Test tube # 1 (reference): add nothing
- Test tube # 2:
Addition # 1: add the 6 M HCl solution drop wise until further addition results in no
significant change. Observe the change.
Addition # 2: add the 6 M NaOH solution drop wise until further addition results in no
color change. Observe the change.
Addition # 3: again add the 6 M HCl solution drop wise until further
addition results in no significant change. Observe the change.
Result:
Equilibrium System:
H(MV) + H2O <-> H3O+ + MVAddition
Predicted
outcome
Observation
None
No color
change
The color of
the solution is
violet
6M HCl
6M NaOH
The color of
the
solution
changes
to
light violet
Picture
Explanation
The equation is in
equilibrium.
6M HCl
Conclusion:
The result of experiment with acid/base indicator is also consistent with the Le
Chateliers Principle
3. Complex ion formation:
Procedure:
Preparation of iron (III) thiocyanate solution: in a 150 mL beaker, place 10 mL of
0.01 M FeCl3 and 10 mL of 0.01 M KSCN, and then add 50 mL of distilled water, mix
well. Divide the solution evenly among 6 similarly-sized test tubes (# 1-7).
- Test tube # 1 (control): add nothing
- Test tube # 2: add 2 mL of 0.1 M FeCl3 to the solution.
- Test tube # 3: add 2 mL of 0.1 M KSCN to the solution.
- Test tube # 4: add 10 drops of 6 M NaOH to the solution.
- Test tube # 5: cool the test tube in an ice bath.
- Test tube # 6: warm the test tube in a hot water bath. Compare the intensity of
the color in test tubes # 1(control room temperature), # 5 (cold), and # 6 (hot).
- Test tube # 7: add 0.1 M AgNO3 solution drop by drop until all the color disappears.
Equilibrium System:
Fe + SCN [FeNCS] 2+
3+
(Pale yellow)
Addition
Predicted
(Clear)
(Red)
Observation
Explanation
Outcome
None
No color change.
0.01M FeCl3
solution changes to
dark red
0.01M KSCN
0.01M NaOH
Cold
Hot
0.1M AgNO3
The white
precipitation
appears.
-The white
precipitation.
Picture:
Conclusion:
The change in concentration and temperature will lead to the shift of reaction in the
direction which against the effect of change as the Le Chateliers Principle.