Textile recycling information sheet

Why bother? It is estimated that more than 1 million tonnes of textiles are thrown away every year, with most of this
coming from household sources. Textiles make up about 3% by weight of a household bin. At least 50% of the textiles
we throw away are recyclable, however, the proportion of textile wastes reused or recycled annually is only around
25%. Although the majority of textile waste originates from household sources, waste textiles also arise during yarn
and fabric manufacture, garment-making processes and from the retail industry. These are termed post-industrial
waste, as opposed to the post-consumer waste which goes to jumble sales and charity shops. Together they provide a
vast potential for recovery and recycling. Recovery and recycling provide both environmental and economic benefits.
Textile recovery:

Reduces the need for landfill space. Textiles present particular problems in landfill as synthetic (man-made
fibres) products will not decompose, while woollen garments do decompose and produce methane, which

contributes to global warming.

Reduces pressure on virgin resources.

Aids the balance of payments as we import fewer materials for our needs.

Results in less pollution and energy savings, as fibres do not have to be transported from abroad.

If everyone in the UK bought one reclaimed woollen garment each year, it would save an average of 371 million
gallons

of

water

and

480

tonnes

of

chemical

dyestuffs.

Reclaiming fibre avoids many of the polluting and energy intensive processes needed to make textiles from virgin
materials, including:

Savings on energy consumption when processing, as items do not need to be re-dyed or scoured.

Less effluent, as unlike raw wool, it does not have to be thoroughly washed using large volumes of water.

Reduction of demand for dyes and fixing agents and the problems caused by their use and manufacture.
How's, what's and where's of recycling textiles The majority of post-consumer textiles are currently
collected by charities. Some charities sort collected material selling it on to merchants in the appropriate
sectors. Over 70% of the world's population use second hand clothes.Some post-industrial waste is recycled 'inhouse', usually in the yarn and fabric manufacturing sector. The rest, aside from going to landfill or incineration,
is sent to merchants.

Collection Methods At present the consumer has the option of putting textiles in 'clothes banks', taking them to
charity shops or having them picked up for a jumble sale. The Salvation Army, Scope, and Oxfam also use a bank
scheme in conjunction with other methods. Scope, for example, runs a national door-to-door textile collection service.
There are about 3,000 textile banks nationwide, but clothes banks are only operating at about 25% capacity. The
Salvation Army is the largest operator of textile banks in the UK, with over 2,000 banks nationwide. On average, each
of these banks is estimated to collect about six tonnes of textiles per year. Combined with door-to-door collections,
The Salvation Army's textile recycling operations account for the processing of in excess of 17,000 tonnes of clothing a
year. Clothes are given to the homeless, sold in charity shops or sold in developing countries in Africa, the Indian subcontinent and parts of Eastern Europe. Nearly 70% of items put into clothing banks are reused as clothes, and any unwearable items are sold to merchants to be recycled and used as factory wiping cloths. The average lifetime of a
garment is about three years. Unsold and un-wearable clothing is sent to Oxfam's Wastesaver, a textile recycling plant
in Huddersfield. These clothes are sold as raw materials to the textile recycling industry. Wastesaver handles about
100 tonnes a week.
Processing and Outlets for Waste Textiles All collected textiles are sorted and graded by highly skilled,
experienced workers, who are able to recognise the large variety of fibre types resulting from the introduction of
synthetics and blended fibre fabrics. Once sorted the items are sent to various destinations in United Kingdom and
abroad. Oxfam's Wastesaver provides clothes to Mozambique, Malawi or Angola for emergency use, as well as
providing warm winter clothing to former Yugoslavia, Albania, Afghanistan and Northern Iraq. Unwearable textiles are
sold to the 'flocking' industry. Items are shredded for fillers in car insulation, roofing felts, loudspeaker cones, panel
linings, furniture padding etc. Woollen garments are sold to specialist firms for fibre reclamation to make yarn or fabric.
Cotton and silk are sorted into grades to make wiping cloths for a range of industries from automotive to mining, and
for use in paper manufacture.

Post industrial waste is often reprocessed in house. Clippings from garment

manufacture are also used by fibre reclaimers to make into garments, felt and blankets. Some items will be reused by

designers fashioning garments and bags from recovered items, however this is a very small sector within the overall
destinations of textiles.
The Fibre Reclamation Process Mills grade incoming material into type and colour. The colour sorting means no redying has to take place, saving energy and pollutants. Initially the material is shredded into 'shoddy' (fibres).
Depending on the end uses of the yarn e.g. a rug, other fibres are chosen to be blended with the shoddy. The blended
mixture is carded to clean and mix the fibres, and spun ready for weaving or knitting.
The Recycling Scene Evergreen produces yarns and fabrics from recycled fibres. Their most successful products are
inblends spun from English and Chinese hemp and recycled denim, in addition to other recycled fibre blends
containing wool, cashmere, silk and PET (polyester made from post-consumer recycled plastic drinks bottles and
tencel, a fibre made from wool). The reuse of clothes is promoting a new breed of designer. NoLoGo are a team of
volunteer designers set up by Oxfam who restyle donated garments and fabrics, selling them on at some Oxfam
shops.
What You Can Do?

Take your used clothes to a textile bank. Alternatively you can take used clothing to local charity shops.

Give old clothes/shoes/curtains/handbags etc. to jumble sales.

Buy second-hand clothes - you can often pick up unusual period pieces! If bought from a charity shop, it will

also benefit a charity.

Buy things you are likely to wear a long time - a dedicated follower of fashion can also be a green one if items

are chosen carefully.

Look for recycled content in the garments you buy. This should be on the label, though at present there is no

conventional marking scheme and some companies do not always advertise the recycled content.
Buy cloth wipers instead of disposable paper products as the product can be used repeatedly.

Source

Fashion industry. Here are eight key points

Indian vendor, Manju, makes wool umbrellas. Mechanical recycling of fibres like wool is currently the most scalable
recycling technology for post-consumer textiles. Photograph: Narinder Nanu/AFP/Getty Images
So, which textiles can be recycled and how?
The key differentiation is between mechanical fibre recycling, which will degrade with each recycling (down-cycling)
and chemical fibre recycling which in some cases can produce fibres of equal quality to virgin ones explains senior
research fellow, Textiles Environment Design, Kate Goldsworthy.
Mechanical recycling of natural fibres like cotton and wool is currently the most scalable recycling technology for postconsumer textiles but the result is shorter textile fibres of a lower quality to virgin fibres, adds Carola Tembe, H&Ms
environmental sustainability co-ordinator. To increase quality, recycled fibres must be blended with virgin fibres.
When it comes to chemical recycling, only polyester and certain nylons can currently be reprocessed. However, new
technologies are being developed and cotton could be up next. Evrnu for example is chemically recycling cotton scraps
into a new manufactured cellulosic yarn and re:newcell and Saxion are also working on emerging technologies.
What sort of by-products are created when textiles are recycled?
For mechanical processes these by-products are mostly the hardware, such as zips and buttons, explains Hlne Smits,
lead project developer, The Circular Textiles Program. In chemical recycling, by-products can vary from chemicals and
dyes to containment fibres or metallics. Chemical recyclers are working hard to optimize their processes by either
recapturing these by-products and putting them to good use, or exploring ways to safely dispose of them.
Whats the hold up?
If you check a label of something youre wearing now, chances are youll find youre sporting a blend of different fibre
materials (a poly-cotton mix is really common). Herein lies one of the greatest challenges for textile recycling: finding a
way to separate blended fibre materials so they can be recycled according to their own system. Its this difficulty that
means a T-shirt thats 99% cotton and 1% spandex cant be saved from landfill today.

Worn Again is exploring chemical textile recycling technology to tackle blended fibres, but these sorts of revolutionary
developments wont be commercially viable for some time. To bridge the gap until then, Smits suggests we upscale
mechanical fibre recycling and address post-consumer and pre-consumer waste streams.
Should government standards start looking into the fashion industry like they do with food?
In northern Europe, research institutions from all five Nordic countries have started a two-year project that seeks to
develop and propose possible policy packages, which would encourage Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)
systems and innovative new business models aimed at increasing reuse and recycling of textiles, explains Smits.
Tembe agrees that policy is key, pointing to the importance of enabling policy framework that removes trade barriers
and allows the flow of used textiles to producer countries.
Policies that provide circular economy incentives such as tax benefits and EPR will be helpful, but they cant change
the industry alone. In addition to policy, more pioneering brands must introduce disruptive business models. While this
appears difficult for established brands, Smits writes that it poses an even bigger challenge for mid-sized companies
that are not vertically integrated and have limited power or influence over the supply chain.
Where do fashion designers figure?
The designers are key. The products need to be designed in a way so they can actually be recycled, says Annie
McCourt, fashion and textile associate at the Cradle to Cradle Products Innovation Institute. Were talking about a
totally different way of looking at fashion design, and thinking about designing not just one generation of products.
Training designers in areas such as zero-waste pattern design and disassembly will have a positive impact on the
environment and profit margins. However, writes Carol Rose, textile specialist advisor and fashion consultant at WRAP,
even when designers have the knowledge and desire to include sustainable ethics in their designs, they often lack the
power to influence decisions made further down the supply chain, such as fabric choice.
Are fashion brands working together on this?
Not enough. For the textiles industry to become truly circular, companies need to move beyond optimising their own
products and supply chains. A collaborative approach could help achieve new sustainable industry standards,
transparent measurement systems and enable innovative technologies.
McCourt offers an example: Teijin, a recycling company in Japan, can chemically recycle polyester. However, they can
not be sent a load of polyester from various brands to recycle [because] they must understand whats in the polyester
(understand this could be incredibly time-consuming). So of course it would be a lot more effective if many big brands
were using the same polyester so those garments can get taken back, disassembled and turned into new first
generation fibre.
Where can you source second hand fabrics on a large scale?
The answer is currently nowhere really, but theres a definite market opportunity. Finding accessible sources of preconsumer and post-consumer fabrics rather than garments is a big challenge for upcycling designers, says Lucy
Norris, anthropologist at University College London.
Smits writes that while the supply chain claims there is a lack of demand for secondhand fabrics, the brands counter
that theres a lack of offering. She continues: We need to connect supply and demand more actively and openly. We
would like to change that by creating a dynamic market place where designers can find suppliers and fabrics that are
sustainable and demand is organised.
Why are we hung up on recycling? Shouldnt we just wear our clothes for longer?
Yes, this is crucial and some brands have launched initiatives to encourage it. Lynn Wilson, textiles expert and
manager of the Love your Clothes, offers Howies as an example, which is adding emotional value to clothing and
encouraging consumers to pass on robust garments and tell their story.
While you should extend life first, there should always be a route to recycling eventually, says Goldsworthy. The
trouble is that we think of materials in a human timeframe, when actually they can relate to materials which in some
cases took millions of years to form (and will take 100s of years to decompose). We need some longer-term thinking.

The sustainable fashion hub is funded by H&M. All content is editorially independent except for pieces labelled
brought to you by. Find out more here.

Fabric

Definition

Fabric or cloth is a flexible artificial material that is made by a network of natural or artificial fibers.

Example: The example is thread or yarn which is formed by weaving or knitting as in textiles. Cloth is
mostly used in the manufacturing of clothing and household furnishings etc.

Common Fabrics

Cotton, is the most famous fabric and most widely used fiber in the world because of its versatility and ability
to provide good comfort, particularly in apparel items . Cotton is soft, natural, vegetable fiber obtained from
the seed-pod of the cotton plant. The use of cotton is diverse for example it is used in apparel, home
furnishings, towels, rugs, and sewing thread etc.

Polyester, it is a type of fabric which is a synthetic, man-made fiber produced. Some of it\'s features are crease
resistance, ability to dry quickly, shape retention in garments, high strength, abrasion resistance, and
minimum care requirement. It is very important fiber in upholstery fabrics, which is often used in warps due to
its strength and inexpensiveness.

Silk is a natural filament fiber produced by the silkworm in cocoon. Silk is mostly collected from cultivated
worms, it is a thicker, shorter fiber produced by worms in their natural habitat. Primarily found in Asia there are
several types of silk like tussah silk and wild silk etc.

Acrylic, it is a synthetic fiber. It has a soft, wool-like hand, and is generally able to be dyed in a wide range of
brilliant colors. Excellent sunlight resistance and wrinkle resistance is it\'s great feature.

Velvet which is another type of popular fabric is basically a warp pile cloth in which rows of short cut pile stand
so close together as to form an even, uniform surface. Velvet is appealing in look and with soft. Different fibers
including silk is used in making of velvet.

Damask is mainly made in china and it is firm, glossy jacquard-patterned fabric. It is a reversible fabric
characterized by a combination of satin and sateen weaves. You can distinguish it from the ground by it's
contrasting luster.

Cotton
Cotton is a soft, fluffy, staple fibre that comes from cotton plants
Silk
Silk fiber produced as a cocoon covering by the silkworm, and valuable for its use in fine fabrics and textiles
Example: Mulberry Silk, Tussah Silk
Nylon
Nylon is a generic designation for a family of synthetic polymers known generically as polyamides.

How To Control Fabric Piling

Pilling happens because of rubbing or abrasion of the fabric during normal wear and use. You'll find pilling most
often on man-made fibers particularly polyester and polyester blends.

Pilling occurs during wearing or washing when groups of short or broken fibers on the surface of the fabric
become tangled together in a tiny ball - a pill.

Prevent Pilling

Before laundering, turn the garment inside out.

Use the gentle cycle which has a slower agitation and shorter wash cycle.

Use liquid detergent or allow powdered detergent to dissolve completely before adding garments.

Line dry woven fabrics. Dry knitted garments on a flat surface. If using the dryer, remove as soon as
possible to lessen abrasion from other fabrics.

Remove Pilling

One of the most effective ways to remove pills is to use a fabric comb or a battery operated pill
remover that shaves the pills from the surface of the garment. You can also pull the fabric taut over a
curved surface and carefully cut off the pill with scissors or shave the fabric surface with a safety razor.
You must be extremely careful and weigh the value of the garment before tackling the job!
How To Control fabric Shrinkage

Shrinkage is the process in which a fabric becomes smaller than its original size, usually through the process
of laundry.

Causes

For wool garments, shrinkage is due to scales on the fibers which heat, water and agitation cause to
stick together.

Other fabrics are stretched by mechanical forces during production, and can shrink slightly when
heated (though to a lesser degree than wool).

Some clothes are "pre-shrunk" to avoid this problem.

Pre-Shrinking

Pre-shirking is needed almost on all fabrics because most textile materials shrink when washed.
However preshrinking can only reduce the residual shrinkage to a lower percentage, but cannot
completely eliminate it.
How To Control Fabric Quality

Fabric Quality Inspection:

The quality of a final garment depends on the quality of a fabric when it is received as a roll. Even the
most outstanding manufacturing methods cannot compensate for defective materials. We inspect 10%
of the rolls and evaluate them based on a four-point system. This way, we can avoid fabric related
quality problems before it is put into production.

Four- Point System:

Amount to select: Inspect at least 10% of the total rolls of the shipment.

Selection of rolls: Select at least one roll of each color. If more than one role must be selected, then
choose the additional roles in proportion to the total number of roles per color received.

Defect Classification (Four- Point System):

Fabric

Size Defect
Penalty
.
3 inches or less
1 Point
Over 3 inches, but less than 6
2 Points
Over 6 inches, but less than 9
3 Points
Over 9 inches
4 Points
The length of the defect is used to determine the penalty point. Only major defects are considered. No
penalty points are assigned to minor defects. (A major defect is any defect that would cause a final garment to
be considered a second.)
Major Defects:

Major woven fabric defects include but are not limited to slubs, holes, missing yarns, yarn variation,
end out, soiled yarns, and wrong yarn.

Major dye or printing defects are out of register, dye spots, machine stop, color out, color smear, or
shading.
Acceptance Criteria and Calculation:

40 points per 100 yards is the acceptable defect rate

# of Points per 100 yds = # of penalty points x 100

Yds inspected
Cleaning
Vacuuming

One of the safest and easiest ways to clean textiles is to vacuum them. The fabric is placed on a clean,
flat work surface. If the specimen is particularly delicate, or simply as a precaution,
a fiberglass screen edged with twill tape may be placed over the textile. The screen allows dirt
and dust to pass through, but prevents individual threads from being pulled loose or unraveled further
by the suction. Using a vacuum attachment and the lowest power setting, move the suction over the
screen until the entire area has been cleaned.

Vacuum through screen

Wet cleaning

The most familiar method of washing everyday textiles is to use water and detergent. The urge to
wash historic textiles can be as automatic as the machines used. Historic textiles should not be
regarded as laundry, however, because wet cleaning can do a great deal of damage to them. Water
can cause cotton and linen to shrink, especially when combined with heat. Similarly, wool can shrink or

become irreversibly matted, while if dyes in a textile are not 'fixed' they can run, damaging adjacent
areas.

Textiles are markedly weaker when wet and therefore much easier to damage or tear. In some cases,
light finger pressure when trying to manipulate or handle a wet historic textile is enough to split the
fabric. Finally, many textiles shrink and distort as they dry.

Dry cleaning

Dry cleaning is generally only used for oil stains, as it is a very stressful process of the textile.
Commercial dry cleaners should never be used, as the chemicals used in the process are too strong for
old fabrics to withstand without damage. If dry cleaning is absolutely necessary, consult a professional
conservator.

Steaming and ironing

Steaming and ironing textiles should be done with caution, as the heat may affect the viability of the
fibers. More importantly, the fabric should always be cleaned before either of these processes is used,
since heat may trap dirt and stains in the fibers to such an extent that the stain becomes permanent.
Always use the lowest setting for either of these procedures. If a garment relies on folds to maintain its
proper shape (such as pleats), it may be better to finger-press the folds into place when the garment is
damp and allow it to dry that way, rather than subject it to the added stress of ironing.
Thread Count

Thread count or threads per inch (TPI) is a measure of the coarseness or fineness of fabric.

It is measured by counting the number of threads contained in one square inch of fabric or one square
centimeter, including both the length (warp) and width (weft) threads.

The thread count is the number of threads counted along two sides (up and across) of the square inch, added
together.

It is used especially in regard to cotton linens such as bed sheets, and has been known to be used in the
classification of towels.

Thread count is often used as a measure of fabric quality, so that:

Standard" cotton thread counts are around 150

good-quality sheets start at 180 and a count of 200 or higher is considered percale.

Some, but not all, of the extremely high thread counts (typically over 500) tend to be misleading as
they usually count the individual threads in "plied" yarns (a yarn that is made by twisting together
multiple finer threads). For marketing purposes, a fabric with 250 two-ply yarns in both the vertical and
horizontal direction could have the component threads counted to a 1000 thread count.

According to the National Textile Association (NTA), which cites the international standards
group ASTM, accepted industry practice is to count each thread as one, even threads spun as two- or
three-ply yarn.

Start

Business

of

Textile

Recycling

Textile recycling is the method of reusing or reprocessing used clothing, fibrous material and clothing
scraps from the manufacturing process.

Fleece, flannel, corduroy, cotton, nylon, denim, wool, and linen. What can you do with these fibers when
youre finished wearing them, sleeping on them, or draping them over your windows? One way to benefit
both your community and the environment is to donate used textiles to charitable organizations. Most
recovered household textiles end up at these organizations, who sell or donate the majority of these
products. The remainder go to either a textile recovery facility or the landfill.

Textiles and leather recycling categories

Cotton Recycling

Wool Recycling

Burlap, Jute, and Sisal Recycling

Polyurethane Foam Recycling

Polyester and Polyester Fiber Recycling

Nylon and Nylon Fiber Recycling

Other Synthetic Fiber Recycling

Carpet Recycling

Rags and Wipers

Used and Recycled Bags

Used Clothing

Used Footwear

Leather Recycling

Textile Recycling Employment

Just the Facts

An estimated 13.1 million tons of textiles were generated in 2011, or 5.2 percent of total municipal
solid waste (MSW) generation.
An estimated 13.9 percent of textiles in clothing and footwear and 17.6 percent of items such as
sheets and pillowcases was recovered for export or reprocessing in 2011.
The recovery rate for all textiles was 15.3 percent in 2011, 2.0 million tons.
Collecting Textiles

At present the consumer has the option of putting textiles in 'clothes banks', taking them
to charity shops or having them picked up for a jumble sale
Textiles typically are not sorted at the point of collection, but keeping them clean and free from moisture is
important. Once clothes get wet, stained, or mildewed, they cannot be sold for reuse. To prevent
contamination, many charities offer enclosed drop-off boxes for clothing or other fabrics. Communities
with curbside collection for textiles should educate donors on how to properly bag clothing.
Process
Clothing fabric generally consists of composites of cotton (biodegradable material) and synthetic plastics.
The textile's composition will affect its durability and method of recycling.
Fiber reclamation mills grade incoming material into type and color. The color sorting means no re-dying
has to take place, saving energy and pollutants. The textiles are shredded into "shoddy" fibers and blended
with other selected fibers, depending on the intended end use of the recycled yarn. The blended mixture
is carded to clean and mix the fibers and spun ready for weaving or knitting. The fibers can also be

compressed for mattress production. Textiles sent to the flocking industry are shredded to make filling
material for car insulation, roofing felts, loudspeaker cones, panel linings and furniture padding.
For specialized polyester based materials the recycling process is significantly different. The first step is to
remove the buttons and zippers then to cut the garments into small pieces. The shredded fabric is then
granulated and formed into small pellets. The pellets are broken down polymerized and turned into
polyester chips. The chips are melted and spun into new filament fiber used to make new polyester fabrics.
Outlets for Waste Textiles
All collected textiles are sorted and graded by highly skilled, experienced workers, who are able
to recognize the large variety of fiber types resulting from the introduction of synthetics and
blended fiber fabrics. Once sorted the items are sent to various destinations as outlined below:

WEARABLE TEXTILES

SHOES

CLOTHES

Resold abroad in countries like Pakistan, India, Africa and

Resold

East European countries.

provides clothes to Mozambique, Malawi or Angola for

in

the

U.K.

and

abroad.

Oxfam's

Wastesaver

emergency use, as well as providing warm winter clothing

to former Yugoslavia, Albania, Afghanistan and Northern
Iraq.

UNWEARABLE TEXTILES

TROUSERS,
ETC.Sold to the

SKIRTS, WOOLLEN GARMENTS

COTTON AND SILK

'flocking' industry.

Items are shredded for fillers in car

insulation, roofing felts, loudspeaker

Sold

cones, panel linings, furniture padding

reclamation to make yarn or fabric.

to

specialist

firms

for

fibre

Sorted into grades to make wiping

cloths for a range of industries from
automotive to mining, and for use in

etc.

paper manufacture.

Recovery and recycling provide both environmental and economic benefits. Textile recovery:

Reduces the need for landfill space. Textiles present particular problems in landfill as synthetic
(man-made fibres) products will not decompose, while woollen garments do decompose and produce
methane, which contributes to global warming.
Reduces pressure on virgin resources.
Aids the balance of payments as we import fewer materials for our needs.
Results in less pollution and energy savings, as fibres do not have to be transported from abroad.

What You Can Do

Take your used clothes to a textile bank. Contact the recycling officer in your local authority if there
are no banks in your area and ask why; they may collect textiles through other means. Alternatively you
can take used clothing to local charity shops.
Give old clothes/shoes/curtains/handbags etc. to jumble sales. Remember to tie shoes together:
part of the 6% of textiles which is wastage for merchants are single shoes.
Buy second-hand clothes - you can often pick up unusual period pieces! If bought from a charity
shop, it will also benefit a charity.
Buy things you are likely to wear a long time - a dedicated follower of fashion can also be a green
one if items are chosen carefully.
Look for recycled content in the garments you buy. This should be on the label, though at present
there is no conventional marking scheme and some companies do not always advertise the recycled
content.
Buy cloth wipers instead of disposable paper products as the product can be used repeatedly.

Useful contacts
Textiles Environment Network (TEN)c/o
National Centre for Business and Ecology
Peel
Building
University
of
Salford
Manchester,
M5
4WT
t 0161 295 7152

Textiles
Linewww.e4s.org.uk/textilesonline/index.htm
A good educational resource.

On

Charities Involved With Textile/Shoe Recycling

European
Recycling
LimitedWhitehead
120
Beddington
Croydon
CR0
t
020
8288
enquiries@europeanrecycling.co.uk
Involved mainly with shoe recycling

Salvation
Army
Trading
Dennington
Denington
Industrial
Wellingborough
Northamptonshire
NN8
t
01933
garth@satraidingco.org
www.satradingco.org

Co

Company
House
Lane
4TD
0303

Oxfam WastesaverUnit 4-6 Ringway Industrial

Estate
Beck
Road
Huddersfield
HD1
5DG
t
01484
542021
enquiries@oxfam.org.uk
ww.oxfam.org.uk/...../wastesaver.htm

Ltd56-78
Road
Estate

Scope, Stock & Recycling Dept. (North)25a

High
Street,
Knaresborough
North
Yorkshire,
HG5
0ET.
t
01423
862963.
carolyn.oconnell@scope.org.uk

2QH
441086

TRAID (Textile Recycling for Aid and

International Development)5 Second Way
Wembley
Middlesex
HA9
0YJ
t
020
8733
2580
info@traid.org.uk
www.traid.org.uk
Trade Associations

Scope, Stock & Recycling Dept. (South)7,

Parsons Street, Banbury, Oxon, OX16 5LW
Tel
:
01295
272805
j.yates@scope.org.uk
www.scope.org.uk

Textile
Recycling
MAIDSTONE
Kent
t
Fax:
info@textile-recycling.org.uk
http://www.textile-recycling.org.uk
Textile Recycling (2001)URN
ADMAIL
528
t
publications@dti.gsi.gov.uk

Association

and

RecyclatexPO

Box

ME17
0845
0845

00/1126.

Published by the
London

0870

965
3WD
6008276
6008276

Department

for Trade
SW1W

and

Industry

1502

(DTI)
8YT
500

WHY T-SHIRTS CANT BE RECYCLED INTO NEW T-SHIRTS

When you donate a pile of old T-shirts to a local charity, they will not be recycled back into T-shirts. The fibers are usually too worn to be
made into soft fabric. That doesn't mean, though, that these fibers go to waste.
Cotton, it turns out, is a lot like paper, at least when it comes to recycling. As you may know, paper is made up of fibers and can be
recycled back into paper a finite number of times before the fibers become too short and must be downcycled into things like newspaper
or tissues. Cotton is similar in that it is made from fibers (it is derived from a plant, after all), and eventually those fibers wear out.
Because the amount of textile waste Americans throw away each year averages out to 70 pounds per person, it's worth understanding
what does happen to old clothes, as well as how buying recycled content clothing can help keep waste out of landfills.

The Fate of Donated Clothing

In 2010, the recovery rate for all textiles - which includes things like clothing, shoes, sheets, blankets, etc. - was 15 percent, according to
the EPA, and unrecovered textiles amount for almost 5 percent of all landfill space in the U.S. Keeping your old clothing out of the trash
can help solve this problem, but the ways that clothing gets reused aren't always clear to consumers.
Once your pile of T-shirts arrives at a charity, it is sorted based on quality. Any clothing that is still in good shape will be resold, either in
local secondhand stores or in secondhand markets abroad. The rest of that clothing gets downcycled, meaning its materials are used
for other purposes. According to the Council for Textile Recycling, 30 percent of textiles not resold locally will be made into rags, which
are used in many industries for cleaning and other purposes. Meanwhile, 20 percent of these textiles will be broken down into their
fibers and made into new products like carpet, insulation or stuffing for car seats. After all of this, only 5 percent of recovered clothing
ends up as waste.

What "Recycled-Content" Means in Clothing

So if "recycled T-shirts" aren't made from old, used T-shirts, what are they made from?
SUSTAINU MAKES T-SHIRTS FROM 50% RECYCLED COTTON AND 50% RECYCLED POLYESTER. PHOTO: SUSTAINU

"Post-industrial recycled cotton," said Trey Dunham, vice president of corporate communications & marketing for SustainU, a producer
of recycled t-shirts. "Which basically means the cotton comes from a cutting room floor in a factory. [...] There's always some waste you
can't avoid. Normally, that would go into a landfill. They just throw those scraps away because they tend to be very small pieces."
At SustainU, those cotton scraps are grouped together by color, shredded and broken down into their fibers. This process shortens the
cotton's fibers, which makes them less soft. To ensure the new t-shirts will be soft and durable, recycled polyester is added. This
polyester is made from recycled plastic bottles, which are chipped, melted into pellets and then sent through a machine that turns them
into very fine fibers that look a bit like plastic cotton balls, Dunham explained.
The cotton and polyester fibers are then combed together and spun into thread. From that point on, the materials go through a fairly
standard manufacturing process involving knitting, cutting, sewing and eventually adding embellishments like text and images.
"The magic is in the raw material, in getting the recycled cotton and the recycled polyester. After that, it's a pretty traditional process,"
Dunham said.
Recycled polyester is a particularly interesting material because unlike cotton, its inorganic fibers do not degrade quickly. This means
that while cotton clothing cannot be made into new clothing, polyester fabrics can. If you own fleece jackets or performance shirts made
from polyester, they may be recycled into new polyester garments, Dunham said.
The U.S.-based company Unifi makes a recycled fiber called Repreve which typically contains post-industrial waste and used plastic
bottles. Repreve fibers are used to make items like khakis, car seats and socks. The company also has a textile take-back program for
some of their customers that recycles polyester-based fabrics into new fibers.

Whether recycled-content clothing is made from old clothing or from other waste materials, it helps reduce the need for virgin materials
while also keeping waste out of landfills. Purchasing items that are less resource-intensive up front and making sure to donate your old
clothing are both ways to help limit the environmental impact of your textiles

KUALA TERENGGANU 22 Sept. - Dia tidak mempedulikan apa yang mungkin dikatakan orang tentang
dirinya apabila memilih untuk bergelumang dengan sampah-sarap bagi membina kehidupannya
sekeluarga ketika itu.
Rosly Darahman,46, sedar bahan terbuang seperti kertas dan botol-botol plastik yang selalunya
melimpahi tong-tong sampah dan berakhir di pusat pelupusan untuk dibakar mempunyai nilai.
Namun ia suatu kerja yang mudah, perlu memerah keringat selain tidak dipandang tinggi ketika dia
memulakan usahanya secara kecil-kecilan selepas tamat Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM).
Ketika rakan sebaya mencari ruang untuk makan gaji atau menyambung pelajaran, dia nekad untuk
membantu mencari rezeki buat keluarga.
''Saya didorong oleh seorang sepupu yang juga bekerja sebagai pemungut sampah untuk dikitar
semula di sebuah syarikat membolehkan pengalamannya itu dikongsi bersama untuk menapakkan
diri dalam perniagaan ini," ujarnya.
Beliau yang berasal dari Setiu menceritakan, ketika itu ayahnya dilanda kemurungan kerana
kehilangan beberapa ahli keluarga.
Bermula dengan menyewa sebuah rumah kedai berharga RM200 sebulan di Wakaf Mempelam di sini,
dia dan dua lagi rakannya memulakan perniagaan dengan melakukan kesemua kerja bermula dari
mengutip sampah dari kedai ke kedai.
''Kemudian kami mengumpul, mengasing, menggred dan mengikat bahan-bahan kitar semula yang
dilakukan secara manual selain turut menjadi pemandu untuk membawa bahan-bahan itu ke Thailand
untuk dijual.
''Kami juga mendapatkan bekalan daripada penarik-penarik beca dan pengumpul-pengumpul sampah
di jalanan. Sekurang-kurangnya saya dapat juga memberikan pendapatan untuk mereka," ujarnya
ketika ditemui Utusan Malaysia di sini hari ini.
Setelah semakin yakin dengan apa yang dilakukan, dia meminta bapanya menjual tanah sekangkang
kera kepunyaan keluarga bagi membantunya untuk melonjakkan perniagaan tersebut.
Dia membeli sebuah lori usang berharga RM7,000 dan sekitar bulan September 1989 dia memulakan
perniagaan secara serius dan kini mencecah lebih 20 tan bahan kitar sehari berbanding 20 tan
sebulan pada awalnya.
Menyorot masa lalu, Rosly menceritakan dia terpaksa bergolok-gadai untuk menambah modal kerana
kesukaran mendapatkan pinjaman melalui institusi kewangan.
Namun ujar Rosly, dia sedikit pun tidak putus semangat dan bersyukur akhirnya memperoleh
pinjaman daripada Majlis Amanah Rakyat (Mara) sebanyak RM5,000 untuk membeli sebuah mesin
pemampat bahan kitar semula bagi mempercepat dan menambahkan produktiviti.

"Ada ketikanya saya tidur tiga jam sahaja sehari kerana sepanjang masa terpaksa bekerja.
"Pernah satu ketika saya terpaksa memandu ke Thailand, namun kerana tidak tahan mengantuk dan
perlu sampai mengikut masa yang ditetapkan saya memberhentikan lori lalu berlari sejauh 100 meter
dan berpatah semula ke lori semata-mata untuk menyegarkan mata.
"Setelah penat bekerja seharian, bayangkan bahan kitar semula itu hanya dibeli dengan harga 14 sen
sahaja sekilogram pada awalnya," jelasnya.
Rosly yang merupakan Pengarah Urusan RD Papers Sdn. Bhd., sebuah syarikat kitar semula milik
bumiputera yang terkemuka dan paling berjaya di Pantai Timur.
RD Paper kini memiliki 40 buah lori serta 160 orang pekerja bagi mengendalikan urusan
pengumpulan dan penjualan bahan-bahan kitar semula itu.
Selain ibu pejabat di Pulau Musang di sini, sebanyak dua lagi cawangan dibuka di Jertih dan Kota
Bharu sebagai pusat pengumpulan.
Pihaknya merancang untuk membuka kilang di Cerating, Pahang dan Gong Badak dekat sini lagi bagi
penghasilan produk hiliran bagi pengeluaran bahan plastik.
Rosly berharap, jika apa yang diusahakan dianggap sebagai satu kejayaan, sekurang-kurangnya
dapat memotivasikan generasi akan datang agar lebih berani berusaha dalam mengusahakan
perniagaan baru.
"Jangan takut untuk mencuba kerana peluang dan ruang pasti ada namun apa yang penting
kesungguhan dan semangat yang kuat perlu ada bagi mengatasi pelbagai cabaran yang bakal
dilalui," ujarnya.
Jika anda pernah melihat premis RD Paper di sini atau di Kota Bharu, dari luaran pastinya tidak akan
menyangka ia sebagai pusat pengumpulan barangan terbuang.
Landskap yang terjaga dan dekorasi kuntuman bunga daripada botol plastik pelbagai warna
menambahkan hiasannya di pintu masuk.

DI rumah kita, pasti ada barang-barang kitar semula seperti botol minuman, surat khabar lama, perkakasan elektrik ataupun besi-besi ampaian yang
tidak lagi digunakan.
Apabila memikirkan barang-barang tersebut mencacatkan pandangan di rumah, maka adalah lebih baik ia dijual kepada pembeli barang kitar semula.
Ini kerana setiap kilogram plastik, kertas dan besi mempunyai nilai tersendiri. Hasilnya pasti memuaskan hati.
Itulah permulaan perniagaan oleh seorang usahawan iaitu Sivanandan Samuel, 31, yang telah mengusahakan sebuah pusat membeli barang-barang kitar
semula di Rawang dan Banting, Selangor.
Menurut Pengarah Urusan Crest Care Recycling Sdn. Bhd. itu, kira-kira 17 tahun lalu, dia hanya mengumpul barang kitar semula untuk dijual sebagai
pendapatan utamanya selepas meninggalkan kerjaya asalnya di sebuah syarikat hartanah.
"Perniagaan barangan kitar semula ini diinspirasikan oleh bapa saudara saya yang telah memulakannya dahulu.
"Melihat perniagaannya menguntungkan, saya mengikut jejak langkahnya dengan meninggalkan kerjaya pertama selepas tamat pengajian di Amerika
Syarikat (AS).

"Saya memulakan bisnes ini dengan mengumpul kotak, surat khabar lama, besi-besi terbuang dan plastik-plastik yang tidak digunakan lagi," katanya
kepada S2 di premisnya di Rawang.
Tambahnya lagi, bapa saudaranya, Rajendran Subramaniam, 51, banyak mengajarnya tentang selok-belok perniagaan barangan kitar semula yang
berbeza harganya mengikut gred-gred tertentu.
"Selepas sekian lama berkecimpung dalam perniagaan ini, saya bersama bapa saudara kini menumpukan sepenuhnya dalam perniagaan barangan
plastik kerana harga dan permintaannya di pasaran adalah tinggi.
"Selain itu, plastik juga adalah bahan terbuang yang mudah diperoleh. Ia mempunyai pelbagai kategori seperti jenis tahan panas, mudah lentur, keras
dan sebagainya.
"Contohnya Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE), iaitu jenis plastik untuk botol minuman dan High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) yang digunakan untuk
membuat perkakasan tahan panas seperti cerek dan sebagainya. Bahan-bahan tersebut dapat dijual pada harga RM1.20 hingga RM1.80 sekilogram.
"Jenis plastik itu paling mudah diperoleh sama ada dari rumah ataupun tapak pelupusan sampah," jelasnya sambil menunjukkan plastik-plastik yang
telah dibungkus mengikut gred.
Sambil menceritakan jenis-jenis plastik yang lain, Sivanandan turut mengakui bisnes kitar semula ini mampu menjana pendapatan yang tinggi pada
setiap bulan.
"Masa saya mula berjinak-jinak dengan perniagaan ini, hasil bulanan yang diperoleh pada waktu itu sekitar RM1,000 hingga RM2,000. Kini, perniagaan
tersebut mampu menjana pendapatan bersih sehingga RM35,000 sebulan.
"Syarikat ini mempunyai target tersendiri setiap bulan iaitu berat plastik untuk dijual mesti mencapai sekurang-kurangnya dua tan metrik.
"Untuk mencapai sasaran tersebut, kami akan membeli dalam skala besar dari premis atau kilang yang ingin menjual barang-barang pengeluaran plastik
mereka yang rosak.
"Selain itu, kami turut membeli barang-barang yang dihantar sendiri oleh mana-mana individu ke premis ini," katanya.

Sarawak perlu wujud model pengumpulan,

kitar semula sisa elektronik
April 9, 2014, Wednesday
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KUCHING: Sarawak perlu mewujudkan satu model untuk pengumpulan dan kitar semula sisa barangan elektronik (e-Waste) bagi
menguruskan bahan buangan itu secara proaktif dan selamat.
Menurut Datuk Bandar Dewan Bandaraya Kuching Utara (DBKU) Datuk Abang Abdul Wahap Abang Julai, e-Waste yang terdiri
daripada komponen elektrik tidak lagi berguna sebenarnya boleh mengancam kesihatan kerana sisa buangan itu tidak boleh
dihapuskan melalui kaedah biasa sama ada melalui teknik pembakaran atau ditanam.
Selain harus dirawat sebaik mungkin bagi mengelak ancaman kepada manusia dan alam sekitar, katanya, e-Waste mampu
menghasilkan sisa toksid beracun yang sangat berbahaya.
Setakat ini, DBKU belum ada kemudahan untuk melupuskan e-Waste, namun kita ada menyediakan satu tong khas dan kita akan
menghantarnya ke pusat kitar semula yang dilantik, katanya ketika dihubungi Utusan Borneo, semalam.
Abang Wahap turut melahirkan pendapat tiba masanya untuk mewujudkan satu kemudahan khas bagi menguruskan sisa tersebut.
Di sini belum ada lagi, namun kebanyakan negara barat menyediakan satu tempat untuk pengumpulan e-Waste, sama seperti tempat
kitar semula yang ada di sini, katanya.
E-Waste merangkumi sisa elektronik lama dan usang seperti komputer, pencetak dan produk berkaitan komputer, telefon bimbit, kabel
dan dawai, bateri li-ion dan peralatan elektronik dapur asalkan bukan televisyen.
Sementara itu, Datuk Bandar Majlis Bandaraya Kuching Selatan (MBKS) Datuk James Chan turut menasihatkan orang ramai untuk
menyahut seruan kitar semula e-Waste dengan mengumpul dan menyerahkannya ke tong-tong disediakan oleh pihak berkuasa
tempatan, atau Persatuan Perniagaan Komputer Kuching (KCBA).
Belum ada pusat kitar semula khas untuk e-Waste tetapi ia dilakukan oleh sektor swasta seperti KCBA.
Persatuan itu amat aktif dalam mempromosikan kitar semula dan orang ramai boleh menghubungi mereka jika mempunyai bahan
elektrik yang tidak digunakan lagi, katanya.
Bendahari KCBA Albert Jee memberitahu, jumlah sisa buangan elektronik yang dikumpulkan dalam masa setahun dianggarkan
seberat lima hingga enam tan, di bandar raya ini sahaja.
Manakala di bandar lain yang turut giat mengumpul sisa barangan itu seperti Sibu dan Miri memperolehi lebih 10 tan setahun.
Pihak berkuasa tempatan (PBT) memberi sokongan padu dalam kempen ini malah MBKS menyediakan satu kawasan khas untuk
mengumpul e-Waste, begitu juga PBT di Sibu dan Bintulu.
Di sini, kita akan menghantar e-Waste ke pusat kitar semula di mana mereka akan mengendalikannya dengan cekap, katanya,
Beliau memberitahu, KCBA komited untuk menjadi sebuah organisasi alam sekitar dan memandangkan ahli-ahlinya adalah pembekal
peralatan dan perkhidmatan elektronik, persatuan itu mempunyai kewajipan untuk menyediakan pengguna dengan saluran melupuskan
barang-barang elektronik dengan selamat.
Orang ramai boleh mula mengemas pejabat, kedai-kedai dan rumah-rumah dan dijangka akan ada banyak barangan rosak seperti
komputer dan pelbagai peralatan elektronik.
Projek tersebut bertujuan untuk menghalang sisa elektronik, ada yang dalam saiz besar dibuang ke dalam tong sampah domestik atau
tapak awam yang akan mencemarkan dan mengisi tapak pelupusan di masa akan datang.
Diharapkan tindakan yang diambil sedikit sebanyak membantu mengurangkan pelepasan gas rumah hijau, elemen yang menyebabkan
pemanasan global.

Produk Yang Ditawarkan

Menjual pelbagai jenis barangan seperti alat permainan,alat perhiasan dan produk lain berasaskan botol plastik
yang dikitar semula

Sasaran Pasaran
SE telah meletakkan sasaran untuk memperolehi pelanggan tetap dari sekitar Sibu dan daerah-daerah berdekatan.
SE juga sasarkan kepada penduduk awam di sekitar kawasan Sarawak
Saiz Pasaran
Lokasi perniagaan berhampiran kawasan dengan kawasan penempatan penduduk, sekolah rendah dan menengah
serta di IPTS.
SE akan menyasarkan untuk mempunyai lebih kurang 1,000 hingga 1,500 pelanggan di
perniagaan

sekitar kawasan

Posted in Uncategorized | Leave a comment

RANCANGAN PENTADBIRAN
Posted on April 1, 2013by spartaenter

Visi
Menjadi sebuah perniagaan yang dikenali serta tumpuan komuniti setempat di Negeri Sarawak serta pengedar
barangan berasaskan botol plastik ke seluruh Malaysia

Misi
Menambah beberapa lagi premis perniagaan di kawasan-kawasan yang berpotensi.
Meningkatkan penjualan dengan skala jualan yang lebih besar.
Menjadi pengedar dan pembekal untuk perniaga-peniaga kecil sekitar kawasan Sarawak.
Memperluaskan perniagaan di rangkaian internet pada masa hadapan.

Objektif

Meningkatkan jualan sekurang-kurangnya 30% setahun.

Memastikan keperluan dan kehendak pengguna dapat dipenuhi.
Memyediakan produk serta perkhidmatan yang berkualiti dan memenuhi citarasa pelanggan.
Memastikan segala tempahan akan tiba pada masa yang ditetapkan.
Posted in Uncategorized | Leave a comment

LATAR BELAKANG PERNIAGAAN

Posted on March 30, 2013by spartaenter

Nama Perniagaan:Sparta Enterprise

Alamat Perniagaan:Jln Sanyan,Wisma Sanyan 96000 Sibu, Sarawak
Alamat Surat Menyurat: No.1 Jalan Sanyan Wisma Sanyan,Tingkat 3 96000 Sibu, Sarawak
Emel: se@yahoo.com
No Telefon:084-263888No.
Fax:084-263887
Bentuk Perniagaan:Perkongsian
Kegiatan Utama:Menjual produk kraftangan berasaskan botol plastik yang dikitar semula
Tarikh Memulakan Perniagaan : 01 Januari 2014
Tarikh Pendaftaran: 27 Februari 2012
Nombor Pendaftaran: M0526567-D
Modal Permulaan: RM 60,000.00
Nama dan Alamat Pemegang Saham Ahli Kongsi

1)Nama:Agatha Chaya anak July

Alamat:RH Joben, Long Tabing Tinjar 98050 Baram

2)Nama:Jeni anak Jilan

Alamat:Kampung Penan, Muslim Batu 10 Jalan Bintulu-Miri, 97000 Bintulu.

3)Nama:Betsy anak John

Alamat:Lot 1170 Lorong Durian, Taman Muhibbah Indah, 96700 Kanowit.

4)Nama:Sandra Miyas anak Sandom\

Alamat:Rumah Dinnis Batu 14 Jalan KJD 96000 Sibu Sarawak
Posted in Uncategorized | Leave a comment

PENGENALAN
Posted on March 30, 2013by spartaenter

Sparta Enterprise (SE) merupakan sebuah syarikat Bumiputera yang telah didaftarkan di Suruhanjaya Syarikat
Malaysia (SSM) pada 27 Februari 2012. Merupakan sebuah perniagaan hasil garapan empat orang individu yang
tidak mengenal putus asa dan sentiasa mengembangkan perniagaan serta menyahut cabaran untuk menjadi
usahawan yang berjaya pada suatu hari nanti. Syarikat ini secara rasminya akan beroperasi pada Januari 2014.
Sparta Enterprise (SE) menyediakan produk inovatif iaitu barangan kraftangan daripada bahan kitar semula.
Produk ini adalah untuk kegunaan perhiasan rumah, malahan untuk keperluan seharian bagi semua golongan
pengguna. Sparta Enterprise (SE) bakal memulakan perniagaan dengan menyewa sebuah premis perniagaan
dengan bermodalkan sumbangan daripada ahli-ahli rakan kongsi dalam bentuk kewangan, aset, kemahiran,
pengetahuan, pengalaman, dan juga semangat keusahawanan yang tinggi.
Bukan itu saja dalam kertas cadangan Sparta Enterprise juga menyediakan Carta Gantt (Lampiran 1). Sparta
Enterprise (SE) akan terus mengorak langkah untuk memastikan perniagaan ini menjadi tumpuan di kalangan
masyarakat setempat dan penduduk di negeri Sarawak. Kemunculan Sparta Enterprise (SE) juga akan sentiasa
mengambil peluang dengan menawarkan produk yang memenuhi keperluan dan kehendak pengguna di semua
lapisan masyarakat.

Memulakan Perniagaan Kitar Semula: Kitar Semula Membuat

Wang
Anda boleh merasa baik tentang memulakan perniagaan kitar semula kerana anda akan membantu alam sekitar.Kitar semula telah
menjadi satu isu yang penting dalam tahun-tahun kebelakangan ini.Banyak bandar tersebut memerlukan orang mengasingkan sampah
mereka ke dalam kertas, plastik, botol dan tin aluminium.Antara barang-barang ini boleh mengambil beberapa tahun untuk mengurai di
tapak sampah.Oleh itu, ia boleh menjadi satu isu alam sekitar yang utama.Banyak haiwan dan burung telah meninggal dunia daripada
tertelan sampah yang telah dibuang dalam tasik atau di tempat terbuka.
Ia boleh menjadi agak mudah untuk memulakan perniagaan kitar semula.Anda boleh mulakan dengan kertas;ini mungkin yang paling
banyak dari semua produk kitar semula dan boleh mudah dijual dengan wang tunai.Botol dan tin juga boleh ditukar dengan wang
tunai.Berikut adalah cara untuk memulakan:

Pertama, anda perlu untuk mencetak beberapa risalah dan mula bertanya jiran untuk menyelamatkan akhbar mereka digunak

risalah pada komputer anda dan mencetak mereka di sebuah kedai cetak tempatan.Anda boleh menyimpan wang dengan
mencetak dalam jumlah yang besar.

Pastikan anda menetapkan masa setiap minggu untuk mengambil kertas.Maklumat ini hendaklah di atas flyer itu.Ia terpulang
kepada anda untuk berapa banyak yang anda ingin mendapatkan.Anda boleh menutup beberapa jalan-jalan atau mengupah
orang lain untuk menutup beberapa blok atau lebih, tetapi mula kecil sehingga anda belajar perniagaan.

Anda perlu mencari beberapa kotak murah tetapi kukuh untuk jiran-jiran untuk mendepositkan kertas mereka.Mereka akan
melakukan ini setiap hari, sehingga membuat ia mudah untuk mereka.Labelkan tempat juga.

Apabila anda mula mengumpul kertas yang anda akan meletakkan ke dalam kereta anda atau lori.Jika anda meliputi kawasan
yang besar, lori akan menjadi pilihan yang lebih baik.Anda mungkin perlu secara berkala mengambil kertas kembali ke rumah
anda sebelum menyelesaikan pekerjaan hari anda.Setelah anda mengosongkan kertas ke dalam batang kereta anda atau lori,
anda akan meninggalkan kotak kosong dengan jiran.

Ulangi proses ini setiap minggu.Wilayah yang lebih besar akan mengambil masa yang lama untuk membuat liputan.Ia akan
terpulang kepada anda untuk menentukan berapa banyak rumah-rumah anda boleh meliputi setiap hari.

Akhirnya, anda akan mengambil semua kertas anda ke pusat kitar semula dan dibayar tunai sebagai balasan.Pusat kitar
semula adalah mudah untuk mencari dalam talian.Mencari pusat yang terletak berhampiran dengan anda, tetapi mendapatkan
sebut harga terlebih dahulu daripada syarikat-syarikat ini untuk menentukan siapa yang membayar yang paling.

Setelah anda membuat bernilai beberapa bulan 'pusingan, anda mungkin mahu mendaftar untuk beberapa kursus perniagaan
online untuk belajar bagaimana untuk mula mempromosikan syarikat anda kepada khalayak yang lebih luas.

Cara Kitar Semula Sisa Minyak

Automobiles seperti bas, kereta dan trak semua memerlukan rutin perubahan minyak pelincir.Sejak pencemaran boleh berlaku pada
bila-bila masa, minyak anda akan menjadi tidak sesuai untuk kegunaan asalnya dan akhirnya akan bertukar menjadi sisa
minyak.Minyak sisa boleh dilupuskan dalam banyak cara, tetapi jika anda melupuskannya dengan cara yang salah maka ia akan
menyebabkan air, tanah dan pencemaran pengangkutan.Minyak sisa mendapat kotor, tetapi ia masih boleh dibersihkan dan dikitar
semula.Kitar semula sisa minyak merupakan pilihan yang bijak, dan jika anda ingin mengetahui cara untuk mengitar semula sisa
minyak, jadi di sini adalah beberapa tips mengenai cara untuk melakukannya:
1.

minyak terpakai tidak boleh dibuang.Ia masih boleh dibersihkan dan dikitar semula.Kitar semula 2-3 gelen minyak digunakan
kemudian menggunakannya untuk mengeluarkan tenaga elektrik di rumah anda selama dua puluh empat jam.

2.

Jika anda tahu bagaimana untuk mengitar semula minyak yang digunakan maka and
toksin seperti plumbum dan rebus dengan sendiri.Kemudian selepas proses anda boleh menggunakan minyak kitar semula
untuk menjalankan perniagaan.Pastikan anda mematuhi langkah-langkah keselamatan sebelum melakukan prosedur kitar
semula.Jika anda mempunyai keraguan, minta seseorang yang mampu melakukannya.

3.

Simpan tanah dan air dengan mengitar semula minyak yang digunakan.Jangan buang minyak yang digunakan di dalam
tanah.Jika anda tidak tahu bagaimana untuk mengitar semula, kemudian hanya meletakkannya di dalam bekas yang tertutup
dan membawanya ke membuang tangki simpanan minyak atau pusat sisa minyak.Pusat sisa minyak mempunyai peralatan
yang sesuai untuk mengitar semula sisa minyak itu.

4.

Jika anda ingin sisa minyak itu dipindahkan dari rumah anda, biarkan sisa minyak koleksi agensi atau kilang kitar semula
minyak mendapatkannya daripada anda.Sebahagian besar agensi-agensi pengutipan sisa kitar semula sisa minyak dan
menggunakannya sebagai komponen bahan api alternatif seperti biodiesel untuk kenderaan.

5.

Sisa penyingkiran minyak mungkin dengan bantuan prosedur saintifik.Mencari agensi sisa minyak yang melaksanakan ini jenis
pekerjaan.

6.

Ketahui bagaimana minyak semula ditapis dihasilkan daripada kitar semula sisa minyak.Menggunakan minyak semula
bertapis adalah sama seperti menggunakan minyak dara.

7.

Belajar bagaimana untuk mengumpul dan menyediakan minyak yang digunakan untuk prosedur kitar semula minyak.Kitar
semula minyak yang digunakan adalah mudah, walaupun anda perlu lebih berhati-hati apabila menguruskan dan
menghasilkan sisa minyak untuk prosedur kitar semula.Pastikan untuk membaca garis panduan dengan teliti sebelum
melaksanakan prosedur kitar semula untuk mengelakkan tumpahan minyak atau pencemaran dengan produk-produk lain yang
berpotensi boleh membahayakan diri sendiri dan alam sekitar.

minyak kitar semula masih boleh digunakan sebagai minyak hidraulik, minyak pembakar perindustrian atau diperhalusi semula kembali
kepada minyak pelincir.Minyak terpakai dilupuskan dengan cara yang salah boleh membawa kepada masalah alam sekitar yang
serius.Jika anda tidak tahu bagaimana untuk mengitar semula minyak yang digunakan, kemudian membawanya ke pusat kitar semula
minyak yang terdekat.Pusat kitar semula minyak mempunyai kemudahan dan peralatan yang betul seperti pam yang boleh membuat
kitar semula minyak lebih mudah, lebih selamat dan lebih cepat.