277 Spec

Intended for
Meraas
Document type
Specifications
Date
2014-07-08
Project Number:
134101012
Document No.:
007-134101012-STR-SPE-C1
CITY WALK, THE CLINIC

DIVISION 03
SPECIFICATION FOR
CONCRETE WORKS
INDEX
DIVISION 03 CONCRETE
SECTION
ITEM
03 00 00
Concrete General
03 11 13
Structural Cast-in place Concrete Forming
03 15 13
Waterstops
03 21 00
Reinforcing Steel
03 30 00
Cast-in Place Concrete
03 39 00
Concrete Curing
CITY WALK - THE CLINIC

SPECIFICATION FOR CONCRETE WORKS
SECTION 03 00 00 CONCRETE GENERAL
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Summary
1.
This Section specifies cast-in place concrete, reinforcement, concrete materials, mixture
design, placement procedures, and finishes for the following structural elements:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.2
Piles
Footings and foundations
Slabs-on-grade
Suspended slabs
Concrete toppings
Building frame members.
Building walls.
2.
Concrete work shall consist of furnishing all materials and constructing structures of the
forms, shapes and dimensions shown on the Drawings or as directed in accordance with
the details shown on the Drawings and these Specifications.
3.
Cast-in-place concrete shall be ready mixed concrete, batched off the site, generally as
defined in BS 5328 but as amended in these Specifications.
Reference Documents
American Standards
AASHTO T 277
ACI 305R-91
ASTM C 40
ASTM C 88
ASTM
ASTM
ASTM
ASTM
ASTM
C
C
C
C
C
94
123
127
128
131
ASTM
ASTM
ASTM
ASTM
C
C
C
C
142
150
186
227
ASTM C 231
ASTM
ASTM
ASTM
ASTM
C
C
C
C
232
295
289
494
Document No: 007-13410101-STR-SPE

Project Name: City Walk The Clinic
Rapid determination of chloride permeability of concrete

Hot weather concreting
Test for organic impurities in sands for concrete
Test for soundness of aggregates by use of sodium sulphate or
magnesium sulphate
Ready-mixed concrete
Test for lightweight pieces in aggregate
Specific gravity and absorption of coarse aggregate
Specific gravity and absorption of fine aggregate
Method of resistance to degradation of small size coarse
aggregates by abrasion and impact in the Los Angeles machine
Clay lumps and friable particles in aggregates
Portland cement
Test for heat of hydration of hydraulic cements
Test for potential alkali reactivity of cement-aggregate
combination (mortar bar method)
Test for air content of freshly mixed concrete by pressure
method
Test for bleeding of concrete
Petrographic examination of aggregates for concrete
Test for potential reactivity of aggregates (chemical method)
Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
Rev:C1
Date: 08-07-2014

ASTM C 535
ASTM C 586
ASTM C 1260
British Standards
BS EN 196
BS EN 197-1
BS
BS
BS
BS
BS
EN
EN
EN
EN
EN
206-1
480
932
934
1008
BS EN 1011
BS EN 1097
BS EN 1367-4
BS EN 12620
BS EN ISO 4066
BS12
BS146
BS812
BS1305
BS1377
BS1881
BS3892
BS4027
BS4248
BS4449
BS4550
BS5328:
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
BS5606
BS6100
BS6610
BS6699
BS7542
BS8004
BS8007
Resistance to degradation of larger size coarse aggregate by

abrasion and impact in the Los Angeles machine
Test for potential alkali reactivity of carbonate rocks for concrete
aggregate (rock cylinder method)
Potential Alkali reactivity of cement-aggregate combinations
(NBRI method)
Methods of testing cement.

Cement. Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for
common cements
Concrete. Specification, performance, production and conformity
Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Test methods
Tests for general properties of aggregates
Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Concrete admixtures
Mixing water for concrete. Specification for sampling, testing
and assessing the suitability of water, including water recovered
from processes in the concrete industry, as mixing water for
concrete
Welding. Recommendations for welding of metallic materials
Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates.
Methods for the determination of resistance to fragmentation
Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates.
Determination of drying shrinkage
Aggregates for concrete
Construction drawings. Bar scheduling
Specification for Portland cement**
Specification for blastfurnace cements with strength properties
outside the scope of BS EN 197-1
Testing aggregates***
Specification for batch type concrete mixers*
Method of test for soils for civil engineering purposes
Testing concrete
Pulverised fuel ash
Sulphate-resisting Portland cement
Specification for supersulphated cement
Carbon steel bars for the reinforcement of concrete
Methods of testing cement
Guide to specifying concrete
Method for specifying concrete mixes
Specification for the procedures to be used in producing and
transporting concrete
Specification for the procedures to be used in sampling, testing
and assessing compliances of concrete
Accuracy in building
Glossary of building and civil Engineering terms
Pozzolanic pulverised fuel ash cement
Ground granulated blast furnace slag for use with Portland
cement
Method of test of curing compounds for concrete
Code of Practice for foundations
Design of concrete structures for retaining aqueous liquids
Rev:C1
Date: 08-07-2014

BS8110
BS8500-1
The structural use of concrete

Concrete. Complementary British Standard to BS EN 206-1.
Method of specifying and guidance for the specifier
BS8666
Specification for scheduling, dimensioning, bending and cutting
of steel reinforcement for concrete
*BS1305 is obsolescent but are referred to in other references.
**BS12 is no longer current, but still cited in building regulations.
***BS812 is superseded, but remains still current
Other References
DIN 1048
NS 3045
BRE Special Digest 1
BRE Digest 357
BRE Digest 330
CIRIA publication 163
CIRIA publication 577
CIRIA special publication
SP31
CIRIA special publication
SP118
CIRIA Report R 135
CIRIA report R165
Concrete Society
Technical Report 30
Institution of Structural
Engineers/Concrete
Society
US Army Corps of
Engineers CRD-C 39-81
Testing of concrete: Testing of hardened concrete

Silica Fume for Concrete
Concrete in aggressive ground, 2005
Shrinkage of Natural Aggregates in Concrete
Alkali Aggregate Reactions in Concrete
Guide to the Design of Concrete Structures in the Arabian
Peninsula
Guide to the construction of reinforced concrete in the Arabian
Peninsula
Guide to Concrete construction in the Middle East
Steel reinforcement
Concreting deep lifts and large volume pours
Concrete mixes - planning and design for transporting, concrete
placing and finishing
Alkali Silica Reaction - minimising the risk of damage to
concrete
Standard Method of Detailing Structural Concrete
Test Method for the Coefficient of Linear Expansion of Concrete
This specification shall be read in conjunction the Dubai municipality Building Codes for any
amendments to the ACI standards. In cases of discrepancy between this specification and the
building code, the most onerous requirement shall apply unless alternative is prior approved by
the Engineer.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS (not used)
PART 3 - EXECUTION (not used)
END OF SECTION 03 00 00

Rev:C1
Date: 08-07-2014

SECTION 33 11 13 STRUCTURAL CAST-IN PLACE CONCRETE FORMING

PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Summary
A. Section Includes:
1. Form fabrication
2. Form placement, shoring, bracing, and anchorage
3. Form accessories
4. Form removal
B. Referenced Sections:
This
1.
2.
3.
1.2
document shall be read in conjunction with the following sections

Section 03 00 00 Concrete General
Section 03 20 00 Concrete Reinforcement
Section 03 30 00 Cast-In-Place Concrete
Reference Documents
Refer clause 1.02 of section 03 00 00
This specification shall be read in conjunction the Dubai Municipality Building Codes for any
the Engineer.
1.3
System Description
A. Design Requirements:
1. Design, engineer, and construct formwork, shoring, and bracing to conform to design
and code requirements; resultant concrete to conform to shape indicated, line and
dimensions.
2. Structural adequacy of forms, ties, shoring and bracing shall be solely responsibility of
Contractor. Requirements stated herein shall be considered minimum requirements for
appearance purposes only, and shall not be considered as structural design.
1.4
Submittals
A. Product Data:
1. Submit manufacturers literature describing products to be provided, such as
metal forming systems, form liners, etc.
B. Design Calculation
Engage an experienced and certified independent agency for checking the design calculation
of the works in this specification. The agency shall provide certificate of approval
C. Shop Drawings:
1. Formwork Shop Drawings: Prepared by specialist formwork supplier detailing fabrication,
assembly, and support of form work

Rev:C1
Date: 08-07-2014

2. Submit scaled shop drawings showing general layout of shores and re-shores, anchoring
sizes and types, shapes, thickness, and other similar detailed information. Indicate
pertinent dimensions, materials, bracing, and arrangement of joints and ties.
3. Show adjacent or related portions of Work in a complete manner.
4. Shop drawings submittal shall be coordinated with shop drawings submission of related
portions of Work, such as:
a. Reinforcing Steel; refer to Section 03 21 00
b.Cast-in-place concrete; refer to Section 03 30 00
5.
Shop drawings shall be prepared under supervision and bear seal of a registered
professional engineer.
Professional engineer shall be licensed in construction
jurisdiction.
D. Quality Assurance Submittals:

1. Certificates:
a. Provide certification, prepared by registered professional engineer that shop
drawings have been prepared under his/her supervision.
2. Qualification Data: For specialist installer, material supplier, formwork installer
and testing agency.
3. Material Certificate :For each of the following,signed by manufacturers:
a. Form materials and form-release agents
b. Bonding agents
c. Repair materials
1.5
Quality Assurance
A. Manufacturer Qualifications: A firm having adequate experience in manufacturing formwork
products and that complies with ISO 9000 series of requirements for production facilities and
equipment.
B. Testing Agency Qualifications: An independent agency, acceptable to authorities having
jurisdiction, and with a proven track record with ISO certification
C. Preinstallation Conference: Conduct conference at Project site to comply with requirements
specified in the Volume 01.
D. Regulatory Requirements:
1. Perform work in compliance with BS 5975, BD 36/90, and CS 030.
2. Conform to applicable codes and ordinances for design, fabrication, erection and
removal of formwork.
3. Inspection and Reviews- Minimum inspections and reviews must be conducted on site for
forms and form removal limitations
1.6
Delivery, Storage and Handling

A. Packing, Shipping, Handling, and Unloading:
1. Forms shall be piled flat, face to face and back to back, for hauling.
2. Forms shall be cleaned immediately after stripping and shall be stacked in small
piles with faces together.
B. Storage and Protection:
1. Store materials in a clean, well-drained area.

Rev:C1
Date: 08-07-2014

2. Stack materials so that water cannot accumulate on or within materials, using wood
blocking to provide drainage and air circulation under stacks of materials.
3. Cover materials with tarpaulins or plastic in a manner to provide air circulation
and to protect from damage. Damaged or deteriorated materials shall be removed
from Site.
1.7
Inspection and Testing

1. Carry out all inspection and testing in accordance with this section and the relevant
standards.
2. In the event that materials or workmanship fail to comply with the requirements specified
herein, carry out further inspection and testing to satisfy the engineer. Testing laboratories
shall be to the approval of the Engineer.
3. Carry out any additional inspection and testing required by the Engineer at Contractor cost.
4. Demonstrate to the Engineer that full records are maintained through all stages of the work.
Make these records freely available for inspection by the Engineer at any time.
1.8
Acceptance of the Engineer

1. Obtain acceptance of the Engineer wherever required, in writing before the work is
undertaken.
2. If any deviation is required from any part of this Specification, obtain such approvals in
writing before proceeding with any such deviation.
3. Coordinate work with all trades so as not to interfere with the work of other trades. Bring
interferences between trades to Engineer's attention and resolve before any concrete is
placed.

Rev:C1
Date: 08-07-2014

PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 Manufacturers
In other Part 2 articles where titles below introduce lists, the following requirements apply to
product selection:
1. Available Products:
Subject to compliance with requirements, products that may be
incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to, products specified.
2. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide one of the products specified.
3. Available Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, manufacturers offering
products that may be incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to,
manufacturers specified.
4. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products by one of the
2.2 Materials
A. Smooth-Formed Finished Concrete: Form-facing panels that will provide continuous, true,
and smooth concrete surfaces. Furnish in largest practicable sizes to minimize number of
joints.
1. Plywood, metal or other approved panel materials.
2. Exterior-grade plywood panels, suitable for concrete forms, generally conforming to
concrete society special report CS 030
B. Rough-Formed Finished Concrete: Plywood, lumber, metal, or another approved material.
Provide lumber dressed on at least two edges and one side for tight fit.
C. Forms for Cylindrical Columns, Pedestals, and Supports: Metal, glass-fiber-reinforced plastic,
paper, or fiber tubes that will produce surfaces with gradual or abrupt irregularities not
exceeding specified formwork surface class. Provide units with sufficient wall thickness to
resist plastic concrete loads without detrimental deformation.
D. Pan-Type Forms: Glass-fiber-reinforced plastic or formed steel, stiffened to resist plastic
concrete loads without detrimental deformation.
E. Void Forms: Expanded polystyrene conforming BS3837 Part 1 Extra Heavy duty type,
structurally sufficient to support weight of plastic concrete, other construction stage
superimposed loads. For the areas where the void formers also support the superimposed
dead load and in service live loads use Extruded Polystyrene conforming to BS3837 Part 2
Grade E3.
F. Chamfer Strips: Wood, metal, PVC, or rubber strips, 25 by 25 mm, minimum.
G. Rustication Strips: Wood, metal, PVC, or rubber strips, kerfed for ease of form removal.
H. Form-Release Agent: Commercially formulated form-release agent that will not bond with,
stain, or adversely affect concrete surfaces and will not impair subsequent treatments of
concrete surfaces.
1. Description: Colorless, non-staining, mineral oil that will not absorb moisture or
adversely affect concrete surfaces and will not impair subsequent treatments of
concrete surfaces
2. Use of substances as form
release
agents that have not been specifically
manufactured for that purpose shall be prohibited.
3. Formulate form-release agent with rust inhibitor for steel form-facing materials.
I.
Form Ties: Factory-fabricated, removable or snap-off metal or glass-fiber-reinforced plastic

form ties designed to resist lateral pressure of fresh concrete on forms and to prevent spalling
of concrete on removal.

Rev:C1
Date: 08-07-2014

1. Furnish units that will leave no corrodible metal closer than 25mm to the plane of exposed
concrete surface.
2. Furnish ties that, when removed, will leave holes no larger than 25mm in diameter in
concrete surface.
3. Furnish ties with integral water-barrier plates to walls indicated to receive damp proofing
or waterproofing.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1
Preparation
A. Design, erect, shore, brace, and maintain formwork, according to BS 5975, to support vertical,
lateral, static, and dynamic loads, and construction loads that might be applied, until structure
can support such loads. Formwork shall include all temporary or permanent forms required for
forming the concrete, together with all temporary constructions required for their support.
B. The Contractor shall propose methods of formwork for all elements of the project for approval
by the Engineer.
C. The Contractor will engage an approved 3rd party to design and produce shop drawings for the
formwork and falsework. All formwork must be design and checked by an approved
independent third party and third party review and design calculation shall be submitted to the
Engineer for approvals.
D. Construct formwork so concrete members and structures are of size, shape, alignment,
elevation, and position indicated, within tolerance limits of BS 5975.
E. All formwork shall be of such quality and strength as will ensure rigidity throughout the
placing, ramming, vibration and setting of the concrete without visible deflection.
F. All formwork shall be so constructed that there shall be no loss of material from the concrete.
After setting, the concrete shall be in the position and of the shape and dimensions prescribed.
The finished surface of exposed concrete shall be of a quality specified on the drawings and
approved by the Engineer.
G. Unless otherwise provided on the drawings or directed by the Engineer, all exposed edges shall
be bevelled by using dressed, mill-cut hardwood metal or plastic, triangular moulding, having
twenty (20) millimetres sides. Details of the bevels are to be submitted to the Engineer for
approval prior to their use in the Works.
H. All curved surfaces shall be formed with approved plywood or steel.
I. The Contractor shall in all cases request the approval of the formwork by the Engineer in
sufficient time to allow an inspection to be made and shall not commence concreting until such
approval is obtained. The period between the Contractor's request for approval and his
intention to commence concreting shall be not less than one clear normal working day and the
Engineer's representative may require a longer period if, in his opinion, the formwork is of
such complexity as to require it.
J. Such approval shall not absolve the Contractor of his responsibilities under the Contract.
K. Where internal metal ties are permitted, they or their removable parts shall be extracted
without damage to the concrete and the remaining holes fully filled with a low shrink mortar
approved by the Engineer. No permanently embedded metal part shall have less than 40 mm
cover to the finished concrete surface or the specified cover to the reinforcement whichever is
the greater.
L. The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for his approval strength and deflection
calculations and drawings of the formwork he proposes to use. The Contractor shall ensure
that adequate time is given to enable the Engineer to examine the calculations and drawings
and also to inspect the formwork before concrete is placed within it.
M. Construct forms tight enough to prevent loss of concrete mortar.
N. Fabricate forms for easy removal without hammering or prying against concrete surfaces.
Provide crush or wrecking plates where stripping may damage cast concrete surfaces. Provide
top forms for inclined surfaces steeper than 1.5 horizontal to 1 vertical.
1. Install keyways, reglets, recesses, and the like, for easy removal.
2. Do not use rust-stained steel form-facing material.

Rev:C1
Date: 08-07-2014

O. Set edge forms, bulkheads, and intermediate screed strips for slabs to achieve required
elevations and slopes in finished concrete surfaces. Provide and secure units to support screed
strips; use strike-off templates or compacting-type screeds.
P.
Q.
R.
S.
T.
U.
3.2
Provide temporary openings for cleanouts and inspection ports where interior area of
formwork is inaccessible. Close openings with panels tightly fitted to forms and securely
braced to prevent loss of concrete mortar.
Locate temporary openings in forms at
inconspicuous locations.
Provide chamfers for exterior corners and edges of permanently exposed concrete as agreed
with the Engineer.
Form openings, chases, offsets, sinkages, keyways, reglets, blocking, screeds, and bulkheads
required in the Work. Determine sizes and locations from trades providing such items.
Clean forms and adjacent surfaces to receive concrete. Remove chips, wood, sawdust, dirt,
and other debris just before placing concrete.
Retighten forms and bracing before placing concrete, as required, to prevent mortar leaks and
maintain proper alignment.
Coat contact surfaces of forms with form-release agent, according to manufacturer's written
instructions, before placing reinforcement.
Falsework
A. Detailed drawings for falsework shall be prepared by the Contractor and submitted to the
Engineer for approval. The drawings must be approved by the Engineer before the work is
started.
B. The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for approval at least one (1) month before
commencing work, complete and full details of his proposed system of falsework, including
detailed drawings and calculations. Falsework shall be capable of accommodating temperature
changes without causing damage to the concrete.
C. Falsework shall be designed and constructed to provide the necessary rigidity to support all
loads placed upon it without appreciable settlement or deformation. Falsework columns shall
be supported on wood or metal bases to support all falsework that cannot be founded on rock,
shale or thick deposits of other compact material in their natural beds. Falsework shall not be
supported on any part of the structure, except the footings, without the written permission of
the Engineer. The number and spacing of falsework columns, the adequacy of sills, caps and
stringers and the amount of bracing in the falsework framing shall be subject to approval of
the Engineer.
D. All timber shall be of sound wood, in good condition and free from defects that might impair
its strength. If the vertical members are of insufficient length to cap at the desired elevation
for the horizontal members, they shall preferably be capped and frames constructed to the
proper elevation. Ends of the vertical members shall be cut square for full bearing to preclude
the use of wedges. If vertical splices are necessary, the abutting members shall be of the
same approximate size, the ends shall be cut square for full bearing, and the splices shall be
scabbled in a manner approved by the Engineer.
E. All steel members shall be in good condition, free from damage, kinks, corrosion or any other
defect that might impair their strength.
F. The Contractor shall make allowance for any deflection that is likely to arise during
construction, so that the hardened concrete conforms to the specified line and level and is in
accordance with the following requirements:
a. All slabs and beams more than 5 metres in span shall be laid to a camber. The Contractor
shall be responsible for determining the magnitude of the camber. The following formula
may be used subject to the Contractor verifying its applicability:
Camber = (Span)2 /(7200 x depth)
(all values in mm)
Rev:C1
Date: 08-07-2014

b.
10
The Contractors shop drawings shall clearly identify the camber applied to the formwork
of each element.
G. All falsework must be design and checked by independent third party and third party review
and design calculation shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval. Long, tapered
hardwood wedges or screw jacks shall be used in all falsework construction and shall be so
placed that they can be adjusted to give proper form alignment. The Contractor shall, if
required by the Engineer, provide means for adjusting forms to offset any excessive
settlement, if screw jacks are used, they shall be adequately braced and secured in such a
manner that will prevent tipping of the jacks in any direction. Anchoring of the falsework to
the Permanent Works shall only be allowed by prior approval of the Engineer.
H. The Contractor shall provide means for accurately measuring settlement in falsework during
placement of concrete, and shall provide a competent observer to observe and correct the
settlement.
I. In designing forms and centring, concrete shall be regarded as a liquid. In computing vertical
loads, a weight of two thousand five hundred and fifty (2,550) kilograms per cubic metre shall
be assumed, and not less than thirteen hundred and sixty (1,360) kilograms per cubic metre
shall be assumed in computing horizontal pressure for all types of concrete.
J. The Engineer may refuse permission to proceed with other phases of the work if he deems the
falsework unsafe or inadequate to support properly the loads to which it will be subjected.
K. The review or approval of falsework drawings by the Engineer or permission to proceed with
the work shall not relieve the Contractor of the responsibility for successful erection or
satisfactory results.
3.3
Preparation Of Formwork Before Concreting

A. The inside surfaces of forms shall, except for permanent formwork, or unless otherwise agreed
by the Engineer, be coated with a release agent approved by the Engineer. Release agents
shall be applied strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and shall not come
into contact with the reinforcement. Different release agents shall not be used in formwork to
concrete that will be visible in the finished Works. A panel shall be constructed utilising the
proposed release agent for the Engineer's approval. The surface of the panel shall not exhibit
discoloration. Surface retarding agents shall not be used.
B. Immediately before concreting all forms shall be thoroughly cleaned out. All formwork shall be
inspected and approved by the Engineer before any concrete is placed in it but such approval
shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibilities for the safety, accuracy or efficiency of
the work.
C. Consideration will be given to the use of controlled permeability formwork to assist in
achieving the durability requirements.
3.4
Removal Of Formwork
A. The Engineer shall be informed in advance when the Contractor intends to strike any
formwork. At the time of striking any formwork, the concrete shall be of sufficient age and
strength for it to withstand the effects of striking, including the effect of thermal shock or the
loss of surface durability upon premature exposure, and to be able to withstand the resulting
stresses without adverse effects.
B. Where accurate determination of the striking time is required then temperature matched
curing of test cubes shall be used.
C. When formwork is removed during the curing period the provision of approved curing methods
in accordance with section 3.13 shall immediately follow the removal of the formwork.
D. The time at which the formwork is struck shall be the Contractor's responsibility but the
minimum periods between completion of placing concrete in a section of the Works and the
removal of forms shall be as follows:

Rev:C1
Date: 08-07-2014

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Vertical sides of beams, walls and columns

Soffits of slabs (props left in)
Removal of props to slabs
Soffits of beams (props left in)
Removal of props to beams
11
24 hours
4 days
11 days
8 days
15 days
E.
Formwork shall be constructed so that the side forms of members can be removed without
disturbing the soffit forms and, if props are to be left in place when the soffits forms are
removed, these props shall not be disturbed during the striking.
F. Formwork shall be removed without damage to the concrete.
G. Where it is intended to re-use formwork it shall be thoroughly cleaned and made good to the
satisfaction of the Engineer.
H. Clean and repair surfaces of forms to be reused in the Work. Split, frayed, delaminated, or
otherwise damaged form-facing material will not be acceptable for exposed surfaces. Apply
new form-release agent.
I. When forms are reused, clean surfaces, remove fins and laitance, and tighten to close joints.
Align and secure joints to avoid offsets. Do not use patched forms for exposed concrete
surfaces unless approved by Engineer.
3.5
Field Quality Control

A. Testing and Inspecting: Engage a qualified testing and inspecting agency to perform tests and
inspections and to submit reports.
B. Inspect erected formwork, shoring, and bracing to ensure that work is in compliance with
formwork design, and that supports, fastenings, wedges, ties, and items are secure.
C. Correct deficiencies in the Work that test reports and inspections indicate dos not comply with
the Contract Documents.
D. The action to be taken in the event of non-compliance of test results with the Specification,
shall be determined by the Engineer and may range from qualified acceptance to rejection and
removal of all or part of the affected works as described in Field Quality Control
3.6
Tolerances
Formwork and False work shall be designed and installed to achieve the specified tolerances as
per the clause 3.18 of section 03 30 00
END OF SECTION

Rev:C1
Date: 08-07-2014

12
SECTION 03 15 13 WATERSTOPS
PART 1 GENERAL
1.9
Section Includes
A.
Contractor shall furnish and securely install PVC waterstops where shown or specified in the
Drawings. The work includes cleaning of concrete surfaces and installation of PVC waterstop.
1.10 Related Sections

A. The following is a list of SPECIFICATIONS which may be related to this section:
1. Section 03 11 13, Structural Cast-in-Place Concrete Forming.
2. Section 03 30 00, Cast In Place Concrete
1.11 References
This specification shall be read in conjunction the Dubai Municipality Building Codes for any
the Engineer.
1.12 Submittals
The Contractor shall submit the following documents for Engineers approval prior to the
commencement of the works.
A. Product Data: For each type of product indicated
B. Details of the proposed sources of all materials, together with full documentary evidence that
the materials will comply with the specification
C. Samples: For waterstops, and other specified products as requested by the Engineer.
D. Material Certificate for Water bars, Water stops and Adhesives
1.13 Delivery, Storage, And Handling
A. Deliver the waterstop materials to the Project site in the manufacturers unpacked containers
with all labels intact and legible at time of use. Materials shall be stored in a secure, indoor,
dry area. Maintain the waterstops in a dry condition during delivery, storage, handling,
installation, and concealment.
B. Follow manufacturers current written instructions for storage and handling.
C. Deliver all the waterstops accessories to the Project site as per manufacturers current
specification
1.14 Inspection And Testing
1. Carry out all inspection and testing in accordance with this section and the relevant standards.
Rev:C1
Date: 08-07-2014

13
1.15 Acceptance Of The Engineer
undertaken.
2. If any deviation is required from any part of this Specification, obtain such approvals in writing
before proceeding with any such deviation.
interferences between trades to Engineer's attention and resolve before any concrete is placed.

Rev:C1
Date: 08-07-2014

14
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1
Materials
A. PVC (polyvinyl chloride) waterstop shall conform to
a.
b.
The PVC waterstop shall be extruded from an elastomeric plastic material of which the
basic resin is prime virgin polyvinyl chloride. The PVC compound shall not contain any
scrapped or reclaimed material or pigment whatsoever.
Performance Requirements as follows
Property
Test Method
Required Limits
Water absorption
ASTM D 570
0.15% max
Tear Resistance
ASTM D 624
BS 2782
Method 320 A
BS 2782
Method 320 A
ASTM D 747
40 N/mm min.
1.3 min
Flash point
ASTM D 792
BS 2782
Method 320A
BS 2782
Method 365A
BS 2782
Method 465B
ASTM D 92
Fire Point
ASTM D 92
3750 F min
Ultimate Elongation
Tensile Strength
Stiffness in flexure
Specific gravity
Elastic modulus
Softness Number
Plasticizer Loss on Heating
c.
d.
2.2
350% min.
15 Mpa min.
5 Mpa
9 Mpa min
46 E3 (E4)
0.50% E1
3500 F min
All intersection shall be factory fabricated

Unless specified on drawings all waterstops shall be minimum 200 mm wide strip with
minimum 4 ribs
Accessories
a.
b.
Provide Primer Adhesive to secure water stop to concrete

Provide double headed concrete nails as required to secure waterstops in vertical
application
PART 3 EXECUTIONS
3.1
General
A. Coordinate as required with other trades and Specification to ensure proper execution of the
waterstop installation.
B. The components and installation procedures shall be in accordance with the manufacturers
printed and current specifications and recommendations. Installation shall be performed by
skilled workers who are trained in procedures and methods required for proper performance
of the waterstop.
C. Flexible Waterstops: Install in construction joints and at other joints indicated to form a
continuous diaphragm. Install in longest lengths practicable. Support and protect exposed
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15
waterstops during progress of the Work. Use factory fabricated joints as much as practically
possible. Field fabricate joints in waterstops shall be according to manufacturer's written
instructions and shall be heat welded butt joints.
D. Self-Expanding Strip Waterstops: Install in construction joints and at other locations
indicated, according to manufacturer's written instructions, adhesive bonding, mechanically
fastening, and firmly pressing into place. Install in longest lengths practicable.
E. Selection of the type of the water bar and installation of water bar shall be prior approved
by the Engineer and shall be compatible to the approved water proofing system.
3.2
Examination
A. Examine the concrete surface and correct any surface imperfections which may prevent
proper installation and performance of the waterstop. The finished concrete surface, prior to
surface preparation, shall be equal to a steel trowel finish.
B. Any Waterstops punctured or damaged shall be repaired or replaced
C. Suitable guards shall be provided to protect exposed projecting edges and ends of partially
embedded waterstops from damage when concrete placement has been discontinued
D. Prior to placement of concrete notify Engineer for field inspection and approval
E. Upon inspection of waterstop installation, replace any damaged or unacceptable waterstop
and dispose of defective materials
3.3
Surface Preparation
A. Concrete surfaces shall be clean and free of dirt, saw dust, laitance, grease, form oils, form
release agent, or other contamination to ensure proper adhesion of the waterstop to the
concrete surface. Use a wire brush to lightly roughen the surface. Remove all concrete dust
with a soft brush.
3.4
Waterstop Placement (Surface Application)

A. Uncoil Waterstops 24 hours prior to installation for ease of handling and fabrication
B. Position Waterstops to ensure proper distance from steel reinforcing bars to prevent rock
pockets and honeycomb
C. Measure and cut an exact length of waterstop. Splices are not permitted in the waterstop in
vertical wall joints of structures. Splices in horizontal joints are acceptable, however, only
one (1) splice is permitted in seven meters. Splice of waterstops in horizontal joints shall be
made by butting and gluing the ends of the waterstop with an approved adhesive.
D. Refer to the manufacturers recommendations for minimum clearance to a concrete face.
Unless a greater clearance is recommended by the manufacturer, the minimum clearance
shall be 50 millimeter. Use the greater clearance if the recommended clearance is more than
fifty millimeters.
E. Using a brush, apply a uniform coat of adhesive to the concrete surface along the line of
placement. Apply a uniform coat of adhesive to the waterstop. Gaps in the glue application
shall not be permitted.
F. After the adhesive has dried to a tacky condition (about fifteen [15] minutes in the summer
and thirty [30] minutes in the winter), firmly press the waterstop to the concrete surface.
When installing the waterstop on curved surfaces such as pipes, temporary bands (for
example, wire or rope) may be used to assist in securing the waterstop to the surface. Any
temporary means of securing the waterstop shall be prior approved by the Engineer shall be
removed prior to placing concrete or grout.
G. Concrete placement within twelve (12) hours is required. The waterstop shall be protected
from water moisture, dirt, oil and sun light and from displacement prior to concrete
placement. During concrete placement, Contractor shall visually observe the waterstop to
ensure proper placement and alignment.
H. Remove separation paper from waterstop just prior to second pour of concrete

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3.5
16
Waterstop Placement (Internal Application)

A. Position waterstop in joint as indicated on drawings.
B. Center waterstop on joint, with approximately one-half of waterstop width to be embedded
in concrete on each side of the joint.
C. Allow clearance between waterstop and reinforcing steel of a minimum two times the largest
aggregate size. Prevent rock pockets and air voids caused by aggregate bridging.
D. Ensure centerbulb is not embedded at expansion joints.
E. Secure waterstop in correct position using optional factory-installed brass eyelets (or JPS
hog rings crimped between last two ribs on 12 inch maximum centers), and wire tie to
adjacent reinforcing steel. Center-to-center spacing may be increased upon written request
and approval from ENGINEER.
F. Carefully place concrete without displacing waterstop from proper position.
G. Thoroughly and systematically vibrate concrete in the vicinity of the joint, and to maximized
intimate contact between concrete and waterstop.
H. After first pour, clean unembedded waterstop leg to ensure full contact of second concrete
pour. Remove laitance, spillage, form oil and dirt.
3.6
Field Quality
Edge welding will not be permitted. Centerbulbs shall be compressed or closed when welding to
non-centerbulb type. Waterstop splicing defects which are unacceptable include, but are not
limited to the following:
A. Tensile strength not less than 60 percent of parent sections.
B. Free lap joints.
C. Misalignment of centerbulb, ribs, and end bulbs greater than 1.5 mm.
D. Misalignment which reduces waterstop cross section ore than 15 percent.
E. Bond failure at joint deeper than 1.5 mm or 15 percent of material thickness.
F. Misalignment of waterstop splice resulting in misalignment of waterstop in excess of 10mm in
3 meter.
G. Visible porosity in the weld.
H. Charred or burnt material.
I. Bubbles or inadequate bonding.
J. Visible signs of splice separation when cooled splice (24 hours or greater) is bent by hand at
sharp angle.
END OF SECTION

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17
SECTION 03 21 00 REINFORCING STEEL

PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1
Description Of Work
A. The work included under this section consists of furnishing all material, supplies, equipment,
tools, transportation, and facilities, and performing all labor and services necessary for, required
in connection with or properly incidental to furnishing and installing all reinforcing bars, ties,
spacing devices, inserts, and all other material required to complete installation, as described in
this Section of the Specifications, shown on the accompanying Drawings, or reasonably implied
there from.
B. Work Included:
1.
Fabricating and installing all reinforcing steel for cast in place concrete piling works.
C. Referenced Sections:
This document shall be read in conjunction with the following sections
1.2
1.
Section 03 00 00: Concrete General
2.
Section 03 30 00: Cast In Place Concrete
Reference/ Standards
This specification shall be read in conjunction the Dubai Municipality Building Codes 2011 for any
the Engineer.
1.3
Submittals
A. Product Data: Manufacturer's catalog sheets including instructions for use and description of
application shall be provided on each of items intended for use on project:
the materials will comply with the specification.
C. Steel Reinforcement Shop Drawings: Placing drawings that detail fabrication, bending, and
placement. Include bar sizes, lengths, material, grade, bar bending schedules, stirrup
spacing, bent bar diagrams, bar arrangement, splices and laps, mechanical couplers, tie
spacing, hoop spacing, and supports for concrete reinforcement. Special details shall be
provided for the beam to column connections.
D. Welding certificates if applicable.
E. Qualification Data: For specialist installer, material supplier and testing agency.
F. Mill Certificates:
1. Steel Mill Test Certificates
2.
The Contractor shall provide, Mill Certificates for each size of bar for each heat to be used on

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18
the project.
Mill Certificates shall include name of mill, date of rolling, date of shipping to fabricator and
shall be signed by fabricator certifying that each material complies with or exceeds the
specified requirements. A Mill Certificate shall be furnished with each lot of material
delivered to the project and the lot shall be clearly identified in the Certificate.
G. Material Certificates: For Steel reinforcement and accessories, signed by manufacturers:
H. Field quality-control test and inspection reports.
I. Minutes of preinstallation conference.
J. Further submissions shall be made for any change of material quality or source and the
Engineer's approval obtained before the new materials are used.
K. Shop Drawings: Shop Drawings shall be submitted that show diagrammatic elevations of all
walls, footings, columns, beams, slabs, etc., at a scale sufficiently large to show clearly the
positions and erection marks of reinforcing bars, their dowels, and splices. Shop drawings shall
also show details for congested areas and connections. Shop Drawings used in field must be
reviewed copies.
L. As Built drawings shall be prepared by the Contractor giving reinforcement disposition as
stipulated by this specification.
3.
1.4
Quality Assurance
A. Codes and Standards: Comply with all applicable authority regulations and Safety Regulations.
In addition, comply with the provisions of the codes, specifications, and standards, except
where more stringent requirements are shown or specified:
B. Manufacturer Qualifications:
A firm having adequate local experience in manufacturing
reinforcement products and that complies with ISO 9000 series of requirements for production
facilities and equipment.
C. Testing Agency Qualifications: An independent agency, acceptable to authorities having
jurisdiction, and with a proven track record with ISO certification.
D. Source Limitations:
Obtain each type material of the same brand from the same
manufacturer's plant. Pre qualification documents with CARES (or equivalent) certification shall
be provided for each source
E. Mill Certificates:
The Contractor shall provide Mill Certificates for reinforcing steel in
accordance with the requirements of Part 1.05, "Submittals" of this specification section.
F. Testing Service:
Engage a qualified independent testing agency to perform material
evaluation tests.
G. All materials and work shall be subject to inspection at the mill, the fabrication shop, and at the
building site.
Material or workmanship not complying fully with the drawings, and/or
specifications will be rejected.
H. In addition to the requirements of this specification, the Contractor shall perform tests as
required by the Local Authority and or the Engineer
I. Preinstallation Conference: Conduct conference at Project site to comply with requirements
J. Inspections and Reviews Following minimum inspections and reviews must be conducted on
the site:
a. special inspection and testing and inspecting agency procedures for field quality control
b. anchor rod and anchorage device installation tolerances
c. steel reinforcement installation
1.5
Delivery, Storage And Handling

A. Deliver, store, and handle steel reinforcement to prevent bending and damage. Avoid
damaging coatings on steel reinforcement where applicable.
B. All the steel delivered and stored on site shall be covered and protected from direct exposure
to the environment.
C. Steel shall be stored on firm platforms which are well ventilated and free from water,
moisture, dust etc.

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19
D. The Contractor shall provide a detailed method statement for the Engineers approval
describing the storage arrangements on site.
E. The Contractor must specify the maximum delivery weight of bundles at the time of placing
the order to avoid potential problems during unloading on site.
F. All the delivered bundles shall be correctly labeled. Entries on the labels shall agree with
information in the bar bending schedule.
G. Epoxy coated and galvanized bars if used, shall be treated carefully at all stages from receipt
on the site to the concrete placement and protection of starter bars.
1.6
Inspection And Testing

A. Carry out all inspection and testing in accordance with this section and the relevant standards.
B. In the event that materials or workmanship fail to comply with the requirements specified
C. Carry out any additional inspection and testing required by the Engineer at Contractor cost.
D. Demonstrate to the Engineer that full records are maintained through all stages of the work.
1.7
Acceptance Of The Engineer

undertaken.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1
REINFORCING BARS
A. Recycled Content of Steel Products: Not applicable.

B. Reinforcing Bars: All steel reinforcement shall conform to the requirements of the
Specifications for Deformed High Yield Steel Bars grade 460 Type 2 to BS 4449, unless
otherwise shown on the Drawings or specified by the Engineer.
C. Steel Bar Mats: Conforming to BS6744, wherever specified.
D. Plain-Steel Wire: Conforming to BS6744, wherever specified.
E. Deformed-Steel Wire: Conforming to Type 2 of BS4482, wherever specified.
F. Plain-Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement: Conforming to BS4483, wherever specified.
G. Deformed-Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement: Welded wire fabric to be used for the
reinforcement of concrete shall conform to the following requirements:
1. Dimensions: Welded steel wire fabric shall conform to the size and dimensions shown on
the Drawings.
2. Properties: Wire fabric furnished under this specification shall conform to BS 4483.
H. All the reinforcing steel provided shall be CARES certified.
I. The mill test report for three different samples shall be furnished to the Engineer for each
consignment of steel reinforcement bars proposed for use on the project.
J. The bars in each consignment shall be legibly tagged by the manufacturer and/or fabricator
before being offered for inspection. The tag shall show the manufacturer's test number and
consignment number and other applicable data that will identify the material with the mill
certificate issued for that consignment of steel by CARE or equivalent approved laboratory.
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20
K. The fabricator shall furnish 3 (three) copies of a certification which shows the heat number or
numbers from which each size of bar in the shipment was fabricated.
L. The Engineer reserves the right to sample and inspect all reinforcement steel upon its arrival
at the work site. The Contractor shall provide a certificate confirming that samples taken from
the bars delivered to the Works pass the rebend test. The frequency of sampling and the
method of quality control shall be in accordance with Table E3 and Clause 8.2.2 of BS 4449.
M. All reinforcement bars shall be free from detrimental dirt, mill scale, loose rust, paint, grease,
oil or other foreign substance, fins, or tears. There shall be no evidence of visual flaws in the
bars, test specimens or on the sheared ends of the bars.
N. All reinforcement shall be cleaned before use to remove rust, oil, grease, salt and other
deleterious materials and where pitting has occurred the causes and products thereof. Blasting
may be required when the reinforcement is in position, or partially cast in. Partially set
concrete adhering to exposed bars during concreting operations shall be removed.
O. Water cleaning of reinforcement to remove chloride contamination shall be carried out prior to
pouring of concrete. Cleaning water shall be the same quality as mixing water for concrete.
P. The minimum thickness of concrete cover to reinforcement shall be as shown on the drawings.
Only concrete spacers approved by the Engineer shall be used. The concrete for spacer blocks
shall be of similar grade and durability characteristics to the main concrete and shall have
non-metallic ties.
Q. Certificates
The Contractor shall provide certificates confirming that samples taken from the bars delivered to the
Works pass all the tests required in BS4449. The frequency of sampling and the method of quality
control shall be in accordance with Annex E of BS 4449. The Engineer reserves the right to inspect,
sample and instruct testing of all reinforcement steel upon its arrival at the work site, in accordance
with clause E.3 of BS 4449. All such sampling and associated testing costs shall be borne by the
Contractor.
R. Mechanical connectors for bars
1. Where the reinforcement in a section is congested or where specified on drawings,
mechanical connectors shall be used to improve constructability.
2. The connectors shall comply with the provisions of Type 1 & Type 4 couplers of clause 9.0
of CIRIA 92. Type 1 shall be used for pre-concrete installation whereas Type 4 shall be
used for post concrete installation wherever agreed by the Engineer.
3. The cover provided for couplers shall be that specified for the reinforcement.
4. The connectors shall be tested in approved laboratory in presence of the Engineer.
5. The mechanical connection using the connectors shall develop 125% of the yield strength
of the connected bars.
6. Slip during the test shall not exceed following:
a) 0.1mm for 70% of ultimate force;
b) 0.5mm for 95% of ultimate force.
7. Couplers shall be supplied by a company holding a valid third party technical approval.
Couplers, coupler threads and threaded reinforcement shall be protected during
construction works so that the intended and specified characteristics are maintained.
8. Sufficient working space must be available around the bars to enable the hydraulic press
to swage onto the bars. In addition, swaging equipment for large diameter bars (T40 and
greater) shall be provided separate mechanical support for safe operation.
9. The contractor shall take this into account in likely construction sequencing and detailing
reinforcement in confined areas.
2.2
Reinforcement Accessories
A.
Bar Supports: Chairs, spacers, and other devices for spacing, supporting, and fastening
reinforcing bars and welded wire reinforcement shall conform to BS 7973.

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21
1. Spacers as approved by the Engineer shall be of such material and design as will be
durable, not lead to corrosion of the reinforcement and not cause spalling of the concrete
cover.
2. Spacer blocks made from cement, sand and small aggregate shall match the mix
proportions of the surrounding concrete to be comparable in strength, durability and
appearance of surrounding concrete
3. All spacer blocks shall be formed to allow an effective aggregate interlock within the
concrete matrix. The surface of spacer blocks should be roughened or retarded if
necessary.
B.
Pocket Formers: Capable of completely sealing wedge cavity; sized to provide the
required cover over the anchorage and allow access for cutting strand tail.
C. Available Products:
Subject to compliance with requirements, products that may be
incorporated into the Work shall be approved by the Employers Representative
2.3
Reinforcing Tendons
A. Prestressing Strand:
B. Prestressing tendons to comply with BS 5896, BS EN 15630 and any other relevant
references into this specification.
C. The Contractor shall obtain from the manufacturer and furnish a certificate of compliance
with the relevant standards requirements for tensile strength and load extension.
D. Tendons types and sizes shall be as noted on the drawings by the Post Tensioned Concrete
Sub-Contractor
E.
All high tensile steel shall be stress relieved in the manufacturing mill by thermal and
mechanical means. No other heat treatment shall be permitted after leaving the shop.
F.
Tendons shall be clean, free from rust, scale, pitting and any lubricant or oil that would
affect their bond with cement grout or corrosion.
G. It is the Contractors responsibility to ensure that all tendons are adequately protected
against corrosion throughout construction. The tendons shall be stored above the ground on
racks and protected with tarpaulins or other approved methods until used. Tenders may be
inspected by the Employers Representative prior to installation. Any tendons with signs of
corrosion shall be rejected.
H. Tendons shall not be subject to heat, welding or ground currents. No welding shall be
conducted within the vicinity of tendons. Superfluous extension of tendons 150 mm beyond
anchorages or jack grips shall be cut in accordance with manufacturers instructions.
a.
b.
Post-Tensioning Coating: NOT USED

Tendon Sheathing and Prestressing Ducts
I.
All prestress tendon ducts, duct formers, sheathing and the like shall confirm to British
Standards indicated in the references.
J.
Where ducts are formed with sheaths, provide sheathing material strong enough to transfer
the tendon stresses into the body of the concrete.
K. Prestressing Anchorage Device and Coupler Assembly:

a.
b.
All anchorages and couplings shall comply with BS 4447 and other references in this
Specification.
All anchorage devices shall be capable of withstanding a static force corresponding to
the specified minimum ultimate tensile strength of the tendon being anchored, when
such force is applied in a manner similar to the one in which the tendon imposes load on
the anchorage in practice. All anchorages proposed must comply with BS 4447.

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22
c.
L.
Tensile Reinforcement at Anchorage. The term anchorages used in this clause shall be
taken to mean all anchorages whether wholly or partly embedded in concrete and all
anchorages formed from embedded tendons or other device. The maximum force at
working load to be developed at the anchorage shall be taken to be that force
corresponding to the minimum specified ultimate strength of the tendon.
d. Retain paragraph and subparagraphs below if an encapsulated system is specified. See
Evaluations for discussion of encapsulated systems for aggressive environments.
Encapsulation System: Watertight encapsulation of prestressing strand consisting of the
following:
1. Wedge-Cavity Caps: Attached to anchorages with a positive mechanical connection and
completely filled with post-tensioning coating.
a. Caps for Fixed and Stressing-End Anchorages Devices: Designed to provide watertight
encapsulation of wedge cavity. Sized to allow required extension of strand past the
wedges.
b. Attach cap for fixed-end anchorage device in fabricating plant.
c. Caps at Intermediate Anchorages: Open to allow passage of strand.
2. Sleeves: Attached to anchorage device with positive mechanical connection; overlapped
a minimum of 100 mm with sheathing and completely filled with post-tensioning
coating.
2.4
Wire
A. All wire for concrete reinforcement shall conform with "Specifications for Cold-Drawn Steel
Wire for Concrete Reinforcement," ASTM A 82 and BS 4482
PART 3 - EXECUTION:
3.1
Existing Conditions
A. Prior to all work of the section, carefully inspect the installed work of other trades and verify that
all work is sufficiently complete to permit the start of work under this section and that the
completed work of this section will be in complete accordance with the original design and the
reviewed shop drawings. In the event of discrepancy, immediately notify the Engineer in writing.
B. In the event conduits, pipes, inserts, sleeves, or any other items interfere with placing the
reinforcement as indicated on the drawings or approved shop drawings, or as otherwise
required, immediately notify the Engineer and obtain approval on procedure before placement of
reinforcement is started.
3.2
Scheduling And Bending

A. The Contractor shall schedule the reinforcement in accordance with BS 8110 and BS 8666 and
the information on the Drawings, this Specification and subsequent instructions.
B. Do not cut or puncture vapor retarder. Repair damage and reseal vapor retarder before
placing concrete.
C. Clean reinforcement of loose rust and mill scale, earth, ice, and other foreign materials that
would reduce bond to concrete.
D. Accurately position, support, and secure reinforcement against displacement. Locate and
support reinforcement with bar supports to maintain minimum concrete cover. Do not tack
weld crossing reinforcing bars.
E. Set wire ties with ends directed into concrete, not toward exposed concrete surfaces.
F. Install welded wire reinforcement in longest practicable lengths on bar supports spaced to
minimize sagging. Lap edges and ends of adjoining sheets at least one mesh spacing. Offset

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23
laps of adjoining sheet widths to prevent continuous laps in either direction. Lace overlaps
with wire.
G. Bar Schedules and Shop Drawings
1. The Contractor shall include for all necessary chairs and spacers, and his price and rates
for steel thus shown shall include for these.
2. The Contractor shall prepare reinforcement detail drawings and other relevant shop
drawings on reproducible negatives at a scale of 1:10
3. Reinforcement details drawings shall be in accordance with the Standard Method of
Detailing Structural Concrete published by the Institution of Structural Engineers/Concrete
Society.
4. Sketches will not be acceptable.
5. Bending schedules and reinforcement detail drawings shall be submitted for the Engineer's
approval. Twenty-one (21) days shall be allowed for the Engineers consideration of this
initial submission.
6. The Contractor shall correct these schedules incorporating the Engineers comments and
resubmit as reasonably required to ensure a high standard of work. He shall programme
his work and submit schedules for approval allowing time for such verification, rectification
and resubmission as necessary. Such approval shall not relieve the Contractor of his
responsibility for the accuracy of such schedules.
7. No concreting shall be allowed to proceed until such a time that the drawings and bending
schedules for that particular section of works are approved. Any delay incurred in
obtaining approval shall be the Contractor's responsibility.
H. Bar Cutting and Bending
1. Reinforcement shall be cut and bent in accordance with BS 8666. Cutting or bending by
the application of heat is not permitted. Welding of reinforcement shall only be permitted
when approved in writing by the Engineer. If such approval is given then the workmanship
shall be in accordance with BS EN 1011. The Contractor shall submit full technical details
of his proposed procedures prior to seeking approval.
2. Hot rolled high yield bars shall not be straightened or bent again, having once been bent.
If the Engineer gives approval to bend mild steel reinforcement projecting from the
concrete, the internal radius of bend shall not be less than four times the nominal size of
the bar.
I.
Placing and Fixing Reinforcement

1. Reinforcement shall be placed and maintained in the position shown in the Contract
Drawings. Unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer, all bar intersections shall be tied
together using 1.2mm diameter steel wire and the ends of the tying wire shall be turned
into the main body of the concrete.
a. Spacer blocks or other supports approved by the Engineer, shall be provided and used
to retain the reinforcement at proper distances from the forms. Supports under
horizontal bars at the bottom of base slabs shall be spaced at not more than eighty
(80) diameters of the bar. All reinforcement shall be so rigidly supported and fastened
that displacement will not occur during construction. Reinforcing steel shall be
inspected in place and must be approved by the Engineer before any concrete is
deposited.
2. No splices shall be made in the reinforcement except where described in the Contract
Drawings or where approved by the Engineer.
3. Reinforcement temporarily left projecting from the concrete at construction or other joints
shall not be bent out of position during the periods in which concreting is suspended,
except with the approval of the Engineer.
4. Bars shall not be cut by gas torch.

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3.3
24
CLEANING REINFORCEMENT
A. Take all means necessary to ensure that steel reinforcement, at the time concrete is placed
around it, is completely free from rust, dirt, loose mill scale, oil, paint and all unspecified coatings
which will destroy or reduce the bond between steel and concrete.
3.4
Field Quality Control

A. Testing and Inspecting: Engage a qualified testing and inspecting agency to perform tests and
inspections and to submit reports.
B. Correct deficiencies in the Work that test reports and inspections indicate dos not comply with
the Contract Documents.
C. The action to be taken in the event of non-compliance of test results with the Specification,
shall be determined by the Engineer and may range from qualified acceptance to rejection and
removal of all or part of the affected works as described in Field Quality Control.
D. The Contractor shall provide at his own expense all records, samples, tests and their results as
may be required by the Engineer, whether the material be finally accepted or not.
3.5
Tolerances
Reinforcement work shall be designed and installed to achieve the specified tolerances as per
the clause 3.18 of section 03 30 00
END OF SECTION

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25
SECTION 03 30 00 CAST-IN PLACE CONCRETE

PART 1 GENERAL
A. This section includes Specification for Cast-In-Place Concrete works
1.1
Referenced Sections:
This document shall be read in conjunction with the following sections

1. Section 03 00 00: Concrete General
2. Section 03 11 13: Structural Cast-in-Place Concrete Forming
3. Section 03 39 00: Concrete Curing
1.2
Reference/ Standards
1.3
Definitions
Definition in paragraph below refers to those materials that make up the cementitious component of
the water-cementitious materials ratio.
A. Cementitious Materials: Portland cement alone or in combination with one or more of the
following subject to compliance with requirements:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.4
Blended hydraulic cement,

Fly ash and other pozzolans,
Ground granulated blast-furnace slag, and silica fume,
Sulphate resisting Portland Cement (SRPC) and
Moderate sulphate resisting Portland Cement (MSRPC)
Submittals
A. Product Data: For each type of product indicated
the materials will comply with the specification.
C. Design Mixes: For each concrete mix. Submit alternate design mixes when characteristics of
materials, Project conditions, weather, test results, or other circumstances warrant
adjustments.
D. Qualification Data: For specialist installer, material supplier, formwork installer and testing
agency.
E. Material Test Reports:
For the following, from a qualified testing agency, indicating
compliance with requirements:
Aggregates - Include service record data indicating absence of deleterious expansion of
concrete due to alkali aggregate reactivity.

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F.
26
Material Certificates: For each of the following, signed by manufacturers:

1. Cementitious materials
2. Cement replacement materials such as GGBS, PFA, SF, MS etc.
3. Aggregates
4. Water
5. Admixtures
6. Form materials and form-release agents
7. Bonding agents.
8. Adhesives.
9. Repair materials.
G. Floor surface flatness and levelness measurements to determine compliance with specified
tolerances.
H. Field quality-control test and inspection reports.
I. Minutes of preinstallation conference.
J. Further submissions shall be made for any change of material quality or source and the
Engineer's approval obtained before the new materials are used.
1.5
Quality Assurance
A. Manufacturer Qualifications: A firm having adequate local experience in manufacturing readymixed concrete products and that complies with ISO 9000 series of requirements for
production facilities and equipment.
C. Source Limitations: Obtain each type or class of cementitious material of the same brand
from the same manufacturer's plant, obtain aggregate from one source, and obtain
admixtures through one source from a single manufacturer.
D. Concrete Testing Service: Engage a qualified independent testing agency to perform material
evaluation tests and to design concrete mixtures.
E. In addition to the requirements of this specification, the Contractor shall perform tests as
required by the Local Authorities
F.
Preinstallation Conference: Conduct conference at Project site to comply with requirements

1. Before submitting design mixtures, review concrete design mixture and examine
procedures for ensuring quality of concrete materials. Following representatives of each
entity directly concerned with cast-in-place concrete are required to attend, including the
following:
a. Contractor's superintendent.
b. Independent testing agency responsible for concrete design mixtures.
c. Ready-mix concrete manufacturer.
d. Concrete subcontractor.
2. Inspections and Reviews Following minimum inspections and reviews must be conducted
on the site:
a. special inspection and testing and inspecting agency procedures for field quality
control
b. concrete finishing
c. hot-weather concreting procedures
d. construction contraction and isolation joints

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Date: 08-07-2014

e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
1.6
27
joint-filler strips
semirigid joint fillers
forms and form removal limitations
vapor-retarder installation
steel reinforcement installation
floor and slab flatness and levelness measurement
concrete repair procedures
concrete protection
Delivery, Storage, and Handling

A. Cement:
1. Bulk cement shall be stored in weatherproof purpose built silos that shall bear a clear
indication of the type of cement contained in them. Different types of cement shall not be
mixed in the same silo. Cement stored in silos shall be adequately protected against rain,
humidity and dewfall. Silo charging and discharging points shall be properly sealed. Silo
aeration equipment shall, if necessary, incorporate de-humidifiers. Cement silo charging
pipes shall be clearly marked with the cement type. Precautions shall be taken to reduce
the effect of solar radiation on the temperature of the silos.
2. The Contractor shall provide sufficient storage capacity to ensure that his anticipated
programme of work is not interrupted due to lack of cement.
3. The temperature of cement shall not exceed 55 degree C at the time of incorporation
within the mix.
4. Each consignment of cement shall bear manufacturer's name and identification number.
Type of cement shall be the same as mentioned in the approved analysis report. Each
separate consignment of cement shall be tested by the manufacturer before delivery and
certified copies of such tests shall be supplied to the Engineer before any part of the
consignment is used in the Works. The Engineer reserves the right to order a re-test of
cement at any time. Approval of cement does not relieve the Contractor of the
responsibility to produce concrete of the specified strength.
5. Cement shall be delivered in bulk, or with the Engineer's approval, may be supplied in
sealed bags that shall bear the manufacturer's name and the date of manufacture. Each
consignment shall be accompanied by a copy of the manufacturer's test certificate and
certificate of guarantee.
6. Each consignment of cement shall be identified and used in order of delivery.
7. Any consignment not used within 2 months from the date of manufacture will not be
allowed to be used in the Works.
8. Only one brand of cement as approved by the Engineer shall be used throughout the
Works unless otherwise authorised by the Engineer in writing.
B. Aggregates
1. Aggregates shall be stocked in such quantities that sufficient material approved by the
Engineer is available to complete any continuous pour necessary for any element. The
batching plant shall be of adequate size to permit the stockpiling of sufficient,
unsegregated materials as per the approved mix design, having proper and uniform
moisture content, to ensure continuous and uniform operation. Aggregates shall enter the
mixer in a manner approved by the Engineer and in such a manner to ensure that no
foreign matter to the concrete or matter capable of changing the desired proportions is
included. In the event two (2) or more sizes or types of coarse or fine aggregates are used
on the same project, only one (1) size or type of each aggregate may be used in one
continuous concrete pour unless otherwise approved by the Engineer.

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28
2. All aggregates shall be stockpiled before use in order to prevent segregation of material,
to ensure uniform moisture content and to provide uniform conditions for proportioning
plant control. Variations in moisture content shall be controlled and compensated for by
continuous read-out moisture meters in either the aggregate storage bins or the weigh
hoppers.
3. The use of equipment or methods of handling aggregates that result in the degradation
and contamination of the aggregates is strictly prohibited. Bulldozers with metal tracks
shall not be used on coarse aggregate stockpiles. All equipment used for handling
aggregates shall be approved by the Engineer.
4. Stockpiling of aggregates shall be in the manner approved by the Engineer, and in
addition, every precaution shall be taken to prevent segregation. Segregation shall be
prevented by making no layer higher than one and one-half (1.5) metres and if two (2) or
more layers are required, each successive layer shall not be allowed to "cone" down over
the next lower layer.
5. Aggregates shall not be stockpiled against the supports of proportioning hoppers and
weighing devices.
6. Segregated aggregates shall not be used until they have been thoroughly remixed and the
resultant pile is of uniform and acceptable gradation as per the approved mix design at
any point from which a representative sample is taken. The Contractor shall re-mix
aggregate piles when ordered by the Engineer.
7. Aggregates shall be delivered in clean and suitable vehicles. Different types or sizes of
aggregates shall not be delivered in one vehicle.
8. Aggregates shall be stored on a hard, dust-free surface and shielded from dust and the
direct rays of the sun. If dust-free environment cannot be achieved re-screening and
washing of aggregates shall be carried out prior to their use.
9. Aggregates of each grade and type of material shall be kept separate until batched.
Segregation in each stockpile shall be prevented. Stockpiles shall be protected against
contamination from soil, evaporate salts, vegetable matter or other deleterious material.
The floors of bins shall be 75mm thick mass concrete (or similar and approved) and shall
be laid to fall to the outer edge or provide a free draining apron.
1.7

1. Carry out all inspection and testing in accordance with this section and the relevant standards.
1.8
Acceptance of the Engineer

undertaken.

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Date: 08-07-2014

2.
29
PRODUCTS
2.1
Manufacturers
A. In other Part 2 articles where titles below introduce lists, the following requirements apply to
product selection:
1. Available Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, products that may be
2. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide one of the products specified.
3. Available Manufacturers:
Subject to compliance with requirements, manufacturers
offering products that may be incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited to,
4. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products by one of the
2.2
Concrete Materials
A. Cementitious Material: Use the following cementitious materials, of the same type, brand, and
source, throughout Project:
1. Portland Cement:
a. The cement to be used throughout the Works shall be Portland Cement obtained from
manufacturers approved in writing and shall be as described under one of the
following headings.
b. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC): Cement complying with either BS EN 197-1 or ASTM
C150 Type I but containing not less than 7% and not more than 12% by weight of
tricalcium aluminate (C3A).
c. Moderate Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement (MSRPC): Cement complying with BS EN
197-1 or ASTM C150 Type II but containing not less than 5% and not more than 9%
by weight of tricalcium aluminate (C3A). In either case the cement shall not contain
more than 2.7% by weight of sulphur trioxide (SO3).
d. Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement (SRPC): Cement complying with either BS 4027 or
ASTM C150 Type V, but containing not more than 4% by weight of tricalcium
aluminate (C3A).
e. The acid soluble alkali level measured as (Na2O + 0.658 K2O) shall not exceed 0.6%
by weight. Also the heat of hydration at 7 days in accordance with ASTM C186 shall
not exceed 290 kJ/kg and the fineness (specific) in accordance with BS EN 196 or BS
4550 shall not be less than 280 m2/kg.
f. Cement shall be free flowing and free of lumps. It shall be supplied in the
manufacturer's sealed and unbroken bags or in bulk.
g. Cement that has become hardened or lumpy or fails to comply with this Specification
in any way shall be removed from the site.
h. High alumina cement shall not be used.
2. Blended Hydraulic Cement: Combinations of Cement with Ground Granulated Blastfurnace
Slag (GGBS) or Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA)
a. Where specified by the Engineer, GGBS or PFA may be combined in the concrete mixer
with Portland cement complying with BS EN 197-1 as an alternative to the use of
factory combinations. GGBS and PFA shall not both be added to the same concrete
mix. The procedure given in Clause 4.4.3 of BS 5328 Part 1 shall be followed.
b. The alumina (Al2O3) content of the GGBS shall not exceed 14% as per BS 6699 and
BRE Digest 363.
c. No GGBS shall be added to any mix containing cements to BS EN 197-1 or BS 6610,
or any other cement combinations containing PFA.
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d.
e.
f.
g.
30
No PFA shall be added to any mix containing Portland Blast Furnace cements to BS
146 or BS 4248 or any other cement combination containing GGBS.
Combination of cement with GGBS or PFA shall be carried out under controlled
conditions and the proportions used shall be within the limits prescribed in BS 146, BS
4248, BS EN 197-1 or BS 6610 as appropriate.
No GGBS, PFA or cement combination including either of them shall be included in
concrete mixes containing sulphate-resisting cement to BS 4027.
Super sulphated cement to BS 4248 shall not be combined with any other type of
cement.
3. Combinations of Cement with Silica Fume (SF)

a.
b.
c.
Where specified by the Engineer the concrete mix may contain an approved silica fume.
The silica fume shall originate from production of silicon from Ferro-silicon alloys and
shall have silicon dioxide content not less than 90%.
The Contractor shall submit proposals for the supply of silica fume to the Engineer for
approval.
Chemical and physical analysis shall be provided for the following:
Parameter
Specific gravity
Bulk density (densified powder)
Specific surface
CaO
SiO2
Al2O3
Fe2O3
MgO
SO3
Alkali as Na2O (includes K2O)
Parameter
Activity Index
Loss of ignition
Percentage of particles greater than 44m
Moisture content
Chloride content
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Criteria
2,200 kg/m3 minimum
500-650 kg/m3
18m2/gram minimum
2.0% maximum
90% minimum
1.0% maximum
1.5% maximum
2.0% maximum
1.5% maximum
4.5% maximum
Criteria
Minimum 95% after 28 days
Maximum 4%
Maximum 2%
Maximum 2%
Maximum 0.1%
Methods of test shall be in accordance with Norsk Standard NS 3045 or BS EN 196,

where applicable.
Certification shall be provided for each consignment of silica fume delivered.
The silica fume supplied shall be from a single furnace and shall not be sub-supplied.
The process of production of silica fume, i.e. the furnace product of which the silica fume
is a by-product, shall not vary.
The method of incorporation of the silica fume into the mix shall be subject to the
approval of the Engineer. The Contractor shall submit a method statement describing
the plant and equipment proposed for batching and mixing and the timing of addition of
the silica fume to the mix. The method statement shall be supported by a letter from the
silica fume supplier approving the methodology.
Silica fume shall be used in conjunction with a superplasticising admixture specially
formulated to aid dispersion of the silica fume throughout the mix. Details of the
proposed admixture shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval.

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i.
31
The Contractor shall require that the silica fume supplier provides periodic on-site
monitoring of batching, mixing, placing and curing of the concrete and reports on the
above shall be submitted to the Engineer for inspection. The representative of the silica
fume supplier shall have the necessary technical expertise and local experience.
B. Normal-Weight Aggregates:
a. Except as may be modified hereunder the aggregate (fine and coarse) for all types of
concrete shall comply in all respects with BS EN 12620 and BS 882.
b. The aggregates used in the permanent works shall be naturally occurring crushed
materials obtained only from approved sources. Aggregates subject to high drying
shrinkage such as quartz shall not be used. Aggregates shall be clean, hard, and durable
and shall not contain iron pyrites, iron oxides, mica, shale, coal or other laminar, soft or
porous materials or hollow shells.
c. Before any material from a particular source is used, the Contractor shall obtain
representative samples of fine and coarse aggregates and carry out the necessary tests
and analyses to show that the samples comply with the Specification. During the progress
of the Works, the grading and chemical characteristics shall be checked at frequent
intervals.
d. The results of these tests shall be submitted to the Engineer and his approval shall be
obtained before any of the material is used in the Works. Part of each sample will be
required for concrete trial mixes and part shall be retained for comparison with
subsequent deliveries.
e. Sampling for testing and analysis shall be carried out, where applicable, in accordance
with BS EN 932-1 or BS 812 Part 102 as appropriate.
f. The maximum size of the aggregate shall not be larger than:
a) 20% of the narrowest dimension between sides of the member for which the concrete
is to be used.
b) 75% of the maximum clear distance between reinforcing bars or the side form.
c) The nominal aggregate size specified for the mix.Unless otherwise authorised by the
Engineer coarse aggregate shall be delivered to the batching plant in separate sizes
according to the maximum specified aggregate size for each grade of concrete.
4. Coarse aggregate shall be prepared as single sized aggregate and blended to produce
normal size grading. The combined grading shall be within the appropriate grading limits
given in BS EN 12620.
5. Coarse aggregate shall be crushed aggregate obtained from a quarry approved by the
Engineer.
6. Fine Aggregate shall be clean sharp natural and/or crushed sand and shall be within
BS882 Table 4 zones C and M only.
7. Beach sand shall not be used in concrete mixes.
8. The Contractor may mechanically wash aggregate to remove salts and other impurities in
order to meet the requirement specified.
9. No part of the aggregates shall contain any mineral known to have a potential to cause
alkali silica, alkali silicate, alkali carbonate, or any other damaging chemical reaction
between alkalis and aggregates. The Contractor shall demonstrate to the Engineer's
satisfaction that the cement-aggregate combination will be stable and not liable to
excessive internal expansion due to alkali-aggregate reaction. The Contractor's proposals
for demonstrating this shall be submitted and shall take account of the time necessary for
any testing. Under exceptional circumstances, the demonstration may be based on
previous long-term experience of the materials. Otherwise, the Contractor shall undertake
a programme of tests using an independent testing laboratory in accordance with the
following requirements:
a. Aggregates shall comply with the requirements of Table 1 below.
Rev:C1
Date: 08-07-2014

b.
32
Aggregates shall be initially assessed for reactivity in accordance with ASTM C289 and
C1260 and if potential reactivity is indicated, then tests in accordance with ASTM C227
and C586 shall be carried out.
10. The Contractor shall carry out routine testing of aggregates for compliance with the
Specification during the period in which concrete is being produced for the Permanent
Works. The tests set out below shall be performed on aggregates from each separate
source. The frequency of testing of aggregates shall be in accordance with Table 2.
Sr.
No
1.
2.
Requirement
Test
Methods
BS812
Part 103 (dry)
Part 103 (wet)
3.
4.
5.
Grading
Material finer than 0.075mm
Natural, uncrushed/crushed
Crushed rock
Clay lumps and friable particles
Light weight pieces
Organic impurities
BS 1377
6.
Water absorption
BS EN 1097-6
7.
Specific gravity (apparent)
BS EN 1097-6
8.
Shell content in aggregates:

- Coarser than 10mm
- Between 5mm & 10mm
- Between 2.36mm & 5mm
- Finer than 2.36mm
- Hollow shells
Particle shape :
- Flakiness index
- Elongation index
- Elongation/flakiness factor
Acid soluble chlorides, Cl:
For reinforced concrete made
with
(1) SRPC cement
(2) OPC & MSRPC cements
For mass concrete made with
(1) SRPC cement
(2) OPC & MSRPC cements
Part 106
9.
10.

Permissible Limits
ASTM
C136
C142
C123
C40
C128/C
127
C128/C
127
Fines
Standard
Coarse
Standard
max 3%
max 7%
max 1%
max 0.5%
The colour of
the
Supernatant
liquid shall be
lighter than
standard colour
solution
max 2.3%
max 1%
max 1%
max.1%
max 0.5%
min 2.6
min 2.6
none
none
max. 10%
none
none
max. 5%
max. 15%
none
none
none
Part 105.1
Part 105.2
See Note 1
Part 117
App C
max 2%
max 25%
max 25%
(1) max.
0.03%
(2) max.
0.03%
(1) max
0.01%
(2) max
0.02%
(1) max.
0.03%
(2) max.
(1) max
0.02%
(2) max
Rev:C1
Date: 08-07-2014

11.
12.
13.
For prestressed concrete &

steam cured structural
concrete
Acid soluble sulphates, SO3
Soundness,
MgSO4 (5 cycles)
Sodium sulphate Na2SO4
Mechanical strength
10% fines value
or Impact value
Los Angeles abrasion
14.
Drying shrinkage
15.
Potential reactivity
Aggregates, chemical method
Cement-aggregate combination
33
Part 118
C88
C88
[BS EN 10972]
Part 111
Part 112
0.05%
0.04%
max. 0.01%
max. 0.01%
max. 0.3%
max. 0.3%
max. 12%
max. 10%
max. 12%
max. 10%
min. 100KN
max. 30%
max. 30%
C131/C
535
[BS EN
1367-4]
Part 120
max. 0.05%
max. 0.05%
Innocuous
Innocuous
C289
6 month
expansion
C227,
C1260
0.10% max.
Table 1
Limits for Physical, Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Aggregates for Concrete
Note 1: Not more than 5% of particles shall have ratios (w:b:l) greater than 1:2:3 (flakey) and 1:1:3
(elongate) when tested by visual inspection of 100g of sand under a microscope where the ratio
w:b:l represents width : breadth : length.
Sr.
No.
1.
Property
Grading
BS 812 Part 103
2.
3.
4.
Material finer than 0.075 mm

Clay lumps and Friable Particles
Lightweight pieces
BS 812 Part 103

ASTM C142
C123
5.
Organic impurities
BS 1377, ASTM C40
6.
7.
8.
Water absorption
Specific gravity
Shell content
ASTM C128/C127
ASTM C128/C127
BS 812 Part 106
9.
Particle shape
10
Acid soluble chlorides, Cl(2):

Qualitative
BS 812 Part 105.1

& 105.2
Quantitative
11.
Acid soluble sulphates S03

Test Method
BS 812 Part 117

Appendices A/B
BS 812 Part 117
Appendix C
BS 812 Part 118
Test Frequency Rate

Each 2 weeks or per 100m
which ever is more frequent
- ditto - ditto More frequent of monthly or per
200 m3
More frequent of monthly or per
200 m3
Twice weekly
- ditto Each 2 months or per 100 m3
whichever is more frequent.
- ditto -
On each delivery of aggregate

Each 6 concrete days if result is
100% of the limit and each
month if result is less than 75%
of the limit.
Each 12 concrete days if result is
Rev:C1
Date: 08-07-2014

12.
13.
14.
15
16.
Soundness, Mg S04 (5 cycles)

Mechanical strength
10% Fines or impact value
Los Angeles abrasion

Drying shrinkage (1)
34
ASTM C88
[BS EN 1097-2]
BS 812 Parts 111,
112
ASTM C 131/C 535
[BS EN 1367-4]
BS812 Part 120
Potential reactivity of aggregates

(1)
:
ASTM C295, C289
- of carbonate
- of cement/aggregate
combination
Moisture variation by moisture
meters
ASTM C586
C227, C1260
more than 75% of the limit &

each 2 months if result is less
than 75% of the limit
Each 48 concrete days
Each 72 concrete days
- ditto At the start of the project and

whenever there is a change in the
source of supply
At the start of the project of
aggregates and wherever there is
a change in the source of supply
In accordance with the

Specification but not less than
twice daily
Table 2 Frequency of Routine Tests on Aggregates
Note 1. Drying shrinkage and Potential Reactivity of aggregates shall be determined initially at the start of
the project or whenever there is a change in the source of supply or where in the opinion of the
Engineer the material is deemed to be changed.
Note 2. The Contractor shall take account of the fact that when the chloride content is variable it may be
necessary to test every load in order to prevent excessive amounts of chloride contaminating the
concrete. For this purpose the Contractor shall use the rapid field test (Quantab test). In the event
of disagreement regarding the results of the field test, the chloride content of the aggregate shall
be determined in the laboratory as described in BS 196 or BS 812 as appropriate (the Volhard
test).
a. Water for concrete:
1. Water shall be clean, potable and free from salt and other impurities to the satisfaction of
the Engineer. It shall be tested in accordance with BS EN 1008 or ASTM C94.
2. Water used for mixing and curing of concrete shall have a pH value in the basic range of 7
to 9 and the soluble solids shall not exceed the following limits:
Total dissolved solids
Chlorides (NaCl)
Sulphate (SO3)
Alkali Carbonates & Bicarbonates
2000 mg/l
600 mg/l
500 mg/l
1000 mg/l
3. The temperature of water for concrete shall not be less than 5oC nor more than 25oC at
the time of mixing. Water may be cooled by the gradual addition of chilled water or flaked
ice but no ice particles shall be present when the water is added to the mix. The ice to be
used shall be the product of water that complies with the above acceptance criteria.
2.3
Admixtures

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35
A. The Contractor shall obtain the Engineer's approval prior to the use of admixtures in each mix.
The suitability of the admixture shall be verified by trial mixes.
B. Admixtures shall be stored to avoid deterioration and segregation.
C. Admixtures shall be used strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions unless
directed otherwise by the Engineer.
D. Neither calcium chloride nor any admixture containing chlorides shall be used. The supplier
shall satisfy the Engineer that any admixture or ingredient used, or their combination, does
not detrimentally affect the strength or other properties of the concrete.
E. Both the amount of admixture to be added and the method of use require the approval of the
Engineer for whom the following data shall be provided:
1. The chemical name(s) of the main active ingredient(s) in the admixture;
2. Whether or not the admixture contains chlorides;
3. The typical dosage and detrimental effects of under-dosage and over-dosage;
4. Whether or not the admixture leads to the entrainment of air when used at the
manufacturers recommended dosage;
5. Long-term and short-term effects of the admixture on concrete and the effect of different
types of cement and aggregate;
6. Storage life and any special storage requirements;
7. Safety precautions in handling;
8. Availability of on-site technical service.
F.
Admixtures from different manufacturers shall not be used in the same concrete mix. Two or
more admixtures from the same supplier may be used subject to successful trial mixes and
approval from the manufacturer and the Engineer.
G. Provide admixtures certified by manufacturer to be compatible with other admixtures and that
will not contribute water-soluble chloride ions exceeding those permitted in hardened
concrete.
H. Wherever used the admixtures shall comply with one of the following British Standards: BS EN
480 or BS EN 934 as appropriate.
I. Air-Entraining Admixture: Air entrainment agents shall be such that the air content can be
maintained within the limits specified even if the mixing time is extended to 30 minutes.
J. Set-Accelerating Corrosion-Inhibiting Admixture: Commercially formulated, anodic inhibitor or
mixed cathodic and anodic inhibitor; capable of forming a protective barrier and minimizing
chloride reactions with steel reinforcement in concrete and complying with ASTM C 494M, Type
C.
K. Non-Set-Accelerating Corrosion-Inhibiting Admixture: Commercially formulated, non-setaccelerating, anodic inhibitor or mixed cathodic and anodic inhibitor; capable of forming a
protective barrier and minimizing chloride reactions with steel reinforcement in concrete.
L. Color Pigment: NOT USED.
2.4
Repair Materials
Strength and durability of the repair material shall not be lesser that the parent material.
2.5
Concrete Mixes
A. Prepare design mixtures for each type and strength of concrete, proportioned on the basis of
laboratory trial mixture or field test data.
B. Use a qualified independent testing agency for preparing and reporting proposed mixture
designs based on laboratory trial mixtures.
C. Admixtures: Use admixtures according to manufacturer's written instructions.
Rev:C1
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36
D. Concrete mix for the building elements shall be as specified on the drawings and Table 3 of
this specification. Any discrepancy between Table 3 and the drawing shall be brought to the
notice of the Engineer. The Engineers instruction must be followed on site.
2.6
Concrete Mixing
A. Ready-Mixed Concrete: Measure, batch, mix, and deliver concrete according to Design or
Prescribed or Designated Mix specified in BS 8500.
B. Project-Site Mixing: Not accepted for Piling Works
2.7
Water For Concrete
Water shall be clean and free from salt and other impurities to the satisfaction of the Consultant. I
shall be tested in accordance with BS EN 1008 or ASTM C94.
A. Water used for mixing and curing of concrete shall have a pH value in the basic range of 7 to 9
and the soluble solids shall not exceed the following limits:
Chlorides (NaCl)
Sulphate (SO3)
2000 mg/l
600 mg/l
500 mg/l
1000 mg/l
B. The temperature of water for concrete shall not be less than 5oC nor more than 25oC at the
time of mixing. Water may be by the gradual addition of chilled water or flaked ice but no ice
particles shall be present when the water is added to the mix. The ice to be used shall be the
product of water that complies with the above acceptance criteria.
3.
EXECUTION
3.1
Emnedded Items
A. Place and secure anchorage devices and other embedded items required for adjoining work
that is attached to or supported by cast-in-place concrete. Use setting drawings, templates,
diagrams, instructions, and directions furnished with items to be embedded.
1. Install anchor rods, accurately located, to elevations required and complying with
tolerances
2. Install reglets to receive waterproofing and to receive through-wall flashings in outer face
of concrete frame at exterior walls, where flashing is shown at lintels, shelf angles, and
other conditions.
3. Install dovetail anchor slots in concrete structures as indicated.
3.2
Joints
A. Coordinate joint types, description, and location with Drawings. Joint types have been
consolidated in this Article for consistency rather than for strict sequence of installation.
B. General: Construct joints true to line with faces perpendicular to surface plane of concrete.
C. Construction Joints: Install so strength and appearance of concrete are not impaired. The
position and detail of any construction joints not described in the Contract shall be subject to

Rev:C1
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37
the approval of the Engineer and shall be so arranged to minimise the formation of shrinkage
cracks.
1. Place joints perpendicular to main reinforcement.
Continue reinforcement across
construction joints, unless otherwise indicated. Do not continue reinforcement through
sides of strip placements of floors and slabs.
2. Form keyed joints as indicated. Embed keys at least 40mm into concrete.
3. Locate joints for beams, slabs, joists, and girders at the 1/3 span from nearest support.
Offset joints in girders a minimum distance of twice the beam width from a beam-girder
intersection.
4. Locate horizontal joints in walls and columns at underside of floors, slabs, beams, and
girders and at the top of footings or floor slabs.
5. Space vertical joints in walls every 8m unless agreed otherwise. Locate joints beside piers
integral with walls, near corners, and in concealed locations where possible.
6. Use a bonding agent at locations where fresh concrete is placed against hardened or
partially hardened concrete surfaces.
7. Use epoxy-bonding adhesive at locations where fresh concrete is placed against hardened
or partially hardened concrete surfaces.
8. The timetable for the depositing of concrete between construction joints should be so
arranged that no face of concrete shall be left for more than 30 minutes before fresh
concrete is deposited against it. Pauses for meals, servicing of machines, changes of shift,
etc. and the distribution of concrete among the positions where work may be proceeding
simultaneously must be carefully organised to ensure that the above-mentioned interval
shall not be exceeded.
9. When the continuous placement of concrete in any structural member is interrupted or
delayed, for any reason, for a period longer than 30 minutes, the Engineer shall declare
such joint a cold joint and the Contractor shall immediately remove the previously partially
placed concrete from the forms. No extra payment will be made for the initial placement
or the removal of concrete that is wasted because of a cold joint. The Engineer may
suspend all or any part of subsequent concrete work until he deems the Contractor has
corrected the cause for the cold joint occurrence.
10. Where dowels, reinforcing bars or other adequate ties are not required by the drawings,
keys shall be as made by embedding water soaked bevelled timbers in soft concrete. The
key shall be sized as shown on the details, or as directed by the Engineer, which shall be
removed when the concrete has set. In resuming work the surface of the concrete
previously placed shall be thoroughly cleaned of dirt, scum, laitance or other soft material
with stiff wire brushes, and if deemed necessary by the Engineer, shall be grit blasted
followed by pre-wetting for a period of at least 12 hours after which concreting of the next
pour may proceed. Install dowel bars and support assemblies at joints where indicated.
Lubricate or asphalt coat one-half of dowel length to prevent concrete bonding to one side
of joint.
11. The upper surface of lifts of concrete walls and columns shall be horizontal and if the
formwork extends above the joint on the exposed face, it shall be cleaned of adhering
concrete before the next lift is placed. The concrete placed immediately above a horizontal
construction joint shall be a modified mix with the same properties as the regular mix but
with a lower coarse aggregate content. It shall be thoroughly compacted and worked
against the existing concrete.
12. Where sections of the work are carried out in lifts the reinforcement projecting above the
lift being cast shall be adequately supported to prevent movement of the bars during the
casting and setting of the concrete.

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38
D. Contraction Joints in Slabs-on-Grade: Form weakened-plane contraction joints, sectioning

concrete into areas as indicated. Construct contraction joints for a depth equal to at least onefourth of concrete thickness as follows:
1. Grooved Joints: Form contraction joints after initial floating by grooving and finishing each
edge of joint to a radius of 3.5mm. Repeat grooving of contraction joints after applying
surface finishes. Eliminate groover tool marks on concrete surfaces.
2. Sawed Joints: Form contraction joints with power saws equipped with shatterproof
abrasive or diamond-rimmed blades. Cut 3.5mm wide joints into concrete when cutting
action will not tear, abrade, or otherwise damage surface and before concrete develops
random contraction cracks.
3.3
E.
Isolation Joints in Slabs-on-Grade: After removing formwork, install joint-filler strips at slab
junctions with vertical surfaces, such as column pedestals, foundation walls, grade beams, and
other locations, as indicated.
1. Extend joint-filler strips full width and depth of joint, terminating flush with finished
concrete surface, unless otherwise indicated.
2. Terminate full-width joint-filler strips not less than 15 mm or more than 25mm below
finished concrete surface where joint sealants.
3. Install joint-filler strips in lengths as long as practicable. Where more than one length is
required, lace or clip sections together.
F.
Pour Strips: NOT used.

Concrete Mix Specification
A. The Contractor shall provide concrete that is described by the Engineer by reference to a
combination of characteristic properties. These shall include but are not limited to the
performance requirements described in Table 3.
B. Concrete Mix Design
1. Mixes for structural concrete shall be designed by the Contractor to meet the performance
requirements specified in clause A above.
2. The Contractor is responsible to the Engineer for demonstrating that the proposed mix
meets with the performance requirements.
3. Concrete shall comply with BS 8110 except where BS 8007 or this specification differs.
Sampling for test purposes shall comply with BS 1881 Part 101 (on site) & Part 125 (in
laboratory).
4. If air-entrainment is specified the average air content at the time of placing measured in
accordance with either Method A or Method B of BS 1881 Part 106 shall be 5% 1% for
concrete containing 20mm maximum size aggregate.
5. Concrete for water-retaining elements shall be watertight and shall comply with the
recommendations of BS 8007.
6. Concrete for paving or precast units shall be tested to BS 1881 Part 118.
7. If concrete specimens are cured at higher temperatures or for longer periods than BS
1881 Part 111 requires, the adjusted Characteristic Compressive Strength (CCS) shall be
calculated as follows:
100f'/f
A + B log {24D (T+12)/1000} where
f'
adjusted CCS
specified CCS

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39
curing temperature in oC
age at testing in days
A&B
are coefficients given in the following table.
The above equation applies only to OPC, MSRPC and SRPC.

Recorded Cube Strength (N/mm2)
Less than 15
15 to 35
Greater than 35
A
10.0
20.0
30.0
B
67.5
60.0
52.5
This calculation may be applied for curing at temperatures up to 27oC.
8. Before placing concrete the Contractor shall obtain approval of the mixes proposed for
each class of concrete and the average target strengths. The mixes shall be designed to
achieve the minimum workability for the Contractor to place and compact the concrete
with the equipment proposed for use.
9. The design mean strength shall exceed the minimum CCS specified in the performance
requirements by a margin of 1.64 times the standard deviation expected from the
concreting plant, except that no standard deviation less than 3.5 N/mm2 shall be used as
a basis for designing a mix.

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Class
of
Concrete
Purpose
Raft
40
Exposure
Method
Conditions - BRE
of
Special Digest 1,
Placing
2005/ Arabian
Peninsula exposure
clas
DC2/Extreme:
External in contact
with ground
Crane or
Pumping
Min CCS Indicative Max Rapid

Max
Max Initial 30 min
Max
Min
Max Cover
Chloride
Water
Water Drying Cement Water Min +
at
Concrete
Surface
Permeabilit Permeabi Absorption Absorpti Shrink Content
/
28 Days
Mix
Tol
y
lity
on
Ceme
age
to BS 1881
to
to BS
nt
(MPa)
to AASHTO
Part 208
to BS
1881
812
T277
DIN 1048 (ml/m2/s)
(kg/m3) Ratio
(Coulombs)
Part 122 Part12
(mm)
(%)
0 (%)
60
OPC+
1000
10
0.15
1.5
0.04
400
0.35
55mm
+
15mm
1000
10
0.15
1.5
0.04
400
0.35
55mm
+
15mm
1000
10
0.15
1.5
0.04
400
0.35
60% (max)
GGBS+SF
Or OPC +
35% PFA +
5% SF
Retaining Wall
Extreme: External in Crane or

contact with ground Pumping
60
OPC+
60% (max)
GGBS+SF
Or OPC +
35% PFA +
5% SF
External Ground
floor slab
Ramp Wall/Slab
Extreme: External
surface subject to
potential irrigation
leakage
Crane or
Pumping
Severe: External not Crane or

subject to leakage
Pumping
60
OPC+
60% (max)
GGBS+SF
Or OPC +
35% PFA +
5% SF
60
OPC+
BOT
30mm
+
10mm
1000
10
0.15
1.5
0.04
400
60% (max)
GGBS+SF
Or OPC +
35% PFA +
5% SF PFA

TOP
55mm
+
15mm
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Date: 08-07-2014
0.35
55mm
+
15mm

Basement
41
Moderate: External
Exposure
Chute or
Pumping
60
OPC
3800
20
0.3
2.0
0.04
380
0.4
Columns
30mm
+
10mm
Superstructure
columns,
pedestals
Mild: Internal
controlled
environments
Chute or
Pumping
50
OPC
3800
20
0.3
2.0
0.04
380
0.40
30mm
+
10mm
Superstructure
walls
Mild: Internal
controlled
environments
Chute or
Pumping
60
OPC
3800
20
0.3
2.0
0.04
380
0.4
30mm
+
10mm
Superstructure
Mild: External
Exposure
Crane or
Pumping
40
OPC
3800
20
0.3
2.0
0.04
380
0.4
30mm
+
10mm
Slabs & beams

inclu dry roof
K
Structural screed
Severe: External
Exposure
Crane or
Pumping
40
OPC
3800
20
0.3
2.0
0.04
400
0.45
30mm
+
10mm
Stair case
Mild: Internal
controlled
environments
Crane or
Pumping
40
OPC
3800
20
0.3
2.0
0.04
380
0.45
30mm
+
10mm
Table 3
Performance Requirements for Concrete
Notes:
An asterisk * in the above table denotes that the pertinent
provisions of Section 3.17 will prevail.
The above concrete mix types and minimum cement content are
suggested by the Engineer. Except for WPC, other mixes may be
proposed by the Contractor and submitted for approval.

Abbreviations
GGBS:Ground Granulated Blatefurnace Slag replacement of cement
WPC: Waterproof Concrete
OPC: Ordinary Protland Cement concrete (CEM1)
SF: Concrete with not less than 4% Silica Fumes
SRC: Sulphate Resisting Cement concrete
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42
C. Trial Mixes
1. Preliminary laboratory trial tests shall be carried out to determine if the mixes satisfy
the specification with the approved materials.
2. Trial mixes shall be tested to determine the following properties of mixes proposed for
initial field tests:
a. Bleeding in accordance with ASTM C232 (non-vibrating) shall not exceed 0.5%.
b. Drying shrinkage in accordance with BS EN 1367-4 or BS 812 Part 120 as
appropriate.
c. Air content if applicable BS 1881 Part 106.
d. Free water/cement ratio.
e. Workability tests BS 1881 Part 102, 103, 104 and 105.
f. Fresh and hardened concrete densities BS 1881 Parts 107 and 114 respectively.
g. Compressive strength BS 1881 Part 116. The CCS of the concrete shall be
determined on test specimens obtained and prepared in accordance with BS 1881
Part 108.
h. Tensile strength BS 1881 Part 118.
i. Water Permeability DIN 1048
j. Water absorption BS 1881 Part 122.
k. Initial surface absorption BS 1881 Part 5.
l. Chloride Permeability to AASHTO T277.
m. Chloride and sulphate levels to BS 1881 Part 124.
n. Coefficient of linear expansion to US Army Corps of Engineers CRD-C 39-81.
o. Other tests as dictated by concrete performance requirements or directed by the
Engineer.
p. Heat of hydration test
3. Heat Of Hyderation Test
a. Heat of Hyderation tests shall be performed on the concrete used for the
swimming pool, pile caps and transfer elements. Engineer may ask additional tests
for these elements or other elements where deemed necessary.
b. The heat of hydration test sample shall comprise a 1.5m x 1.5m x 1.5m test cube,
insulated with polystyrene. Temperature measurements shall be carried out in
accordance with the specification clauses for controlling heat and shall determine
the peak temperature generated within the test sample.
c. The heat of hydration test pour must mimic expected conditions during
construction. If a low delivery temperature is adopted to limit peak heat of
hydration temperatures, the actual maximum pour temperature upper bound
threshold shall be reduced from 32oC at placing to the test temperature.
d. The heat of hydration test records the performance of the concrete trial mix at one
specific ambient air temperature. The contractor shall apply a seasonal adjustment
factor to cater for any rise in the ambient air temperature at placing.
4. If the values obtained do not comply with the Specification or are not to the full
satisfaction of the Engineer then the mixes shall be re-designed.
5. At least 35 days before commencement of concreting approved trial mixes shall be
prepared under full-scale site conditions and tested in accordance with the relevant
standards.
6. Three trial batches of each mix shall be made and from each batch thirty-five cubes
shall be made. Three cubes shall be tested at 7 days and three cubes at 28 days by a
laboratory approved by the Engineer. Twelve cubes shall be used for the durability
tests. Remaining cubes shall be preserved for additional or repeat tests. The results
shall be submitted to the Engineer within 24 hours of testing.
7. Further trial mixes shall be made if the range (the maximum minus the minimum of
the three cube results in any batch) exceeds 15% of the average of that batch, or if

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43
the range of the three batch averages exceeds 20% of the overall average of the
batches.
8. Actual Characteristic Strength

a. The average 28 day cube strength achieved in the trials shall be designated as the
Target Mean Strength and from this the Actual Characteristic Strength shall be
calculated for each mix.
b. The Actual Characteristic Strength equals the Target Mean Strength minus a
margin of 1.64 times the standard deviation, except that the margin shall not be
less than 4MPa.
c. In no case shall the Actual Characteristic Strength be less than the minimum CCS
specified in the performance requirements.
d. The Actual Characteristic Strength so determined shall be used throughout the
duration of the project as the primary indicator of control of mix proportions and
water/cement ratio.
9. The Engineer will review the Contractor's trial-mixes and all test results. The Engineer
will then determine which of the trial mixes shall be used. If none of the trial mixes for
a class of concrete meets the Specifications, the Engineer will direct the Contractor to
prepare additional trial-mixes. No class of concrete shall be prepared or placed until its
job-mix proportions have been approved by the Engineer.
10. The approval of the job-mix proportions by the Engineer in establishing those
proportions, in no way relieves the Contractor of the responsibility of producing
concrete which meets the requirements of these Specifications.
11. All costs connected with the preparations of trial-mixes and the design of the jobmixes shall be borne by the Contractor.
12. When the mix has been approved, no variations shall be made in the proportions, the
source of the cement and aggregates, or in the type, size and grading zone of the
latter without the consent of the Engineer who prior to giving such consent may
require further tests to be made.
D. Tolerances in Proportioning the Materials
1. Cement and aggregates shall be measured to the tolerances stated in mixing concrete
below.
2. The mixing water shall be measured by weight or by volume. In either case the
measurement shall be accurate to within one (1) percent throughout the range of use.
3. Admixtures shall be dispensed by a system approved by the admixture supplier and
the Engineer and shall be capable of dispensing the admixture to an accuracy of 1% by
weight or by volume.
E.
Mixing Concrete
1. Cast-in-place concrete shall be ready mixed concrete, batched off the site, generally as
defined in BS 5328 but as amended in these Specifications.
2. The weighing and water-dispensing mechanisms shall be maintained in good order.
Their accuracy shall be maintained within the tolerances described in BS 1305 and
checked against accurate weights and volumes when required by the Engineer.
3. The mass of cement and of aggregate indicated by the mechanism employed shall be
within a tolerance of 2% of the respective mass per batch agreed by the Engineer. The
mass of the fine and coarse aggregates shall be adjusted to allow for the free water
contained in them. The water to be added to the mix shall be reduced by the quantity
of free water contained in the fine and coarse aggregates, which shall be determined
by the Contractor by a method approved by the Engineer immediately before mixing
begins and further as the Engineer requires.

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44
4. Unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer, concrete shall be mixed in a batch type
mixer manufactured in accordance with BS 1305. The mixing blades of pan mixers
shall be maintained within the tolerances specified by the manufacturer of the mixer
and the blades shall be replaced when it is no longer possible to maintain the tolerance
by adjustment. The period of mixing, judged from the time that all the ingredients
including water are in the mixing drum shall be as ordered by the Engineer's
representative and shall be in accordance with the mixer manufacturers
recommendations.
5. Mixers that have been out of use for more than 30 minutes shall be thoroughly cleaned
before any fresh concrete is mixed.
6. The method of discharge from the mixer shall be such as to cause no segregation
whether partial or otherwise of the concrete materials.
7. The Contractor shall ensure that the constituent materials of the concrete are
sufficiently cool to prevent the concrete from stiffening in the interval between its
discharge from the mixer and compaction in its final position. Precautions shall include
the shading of aggregate stockpiles and the use of chilled water.
8. The concrete shall be carried in purpose-made agitators, operating continuously, or
truck mixers. The concrete shall be compacted and in its final position within one (1)
hour of the introduction of cement to the aggregates, unless a longer time is agreed by
the Engineer. The time of such introduction shall be recorded on the delivery note
together with the weight of the constituents of each mix.
9. Concrete shall only be mixed at a depot approved by the Engineer.
10. Unless specially authorised by the Engineer, the concrete shall be mixed and the water
added to the mixer at the depot. No additional water shall be added at any stage from
batching to placing. When the Engineer is asked to authorise dry batching, he will
require to be satisfied that appropriate steps will be taken to ensure the quality,
consistency and strength of the concrete as placed and that the water will be added to
the dry ingredients under properly controlled conditions.
11. Truck mixer units and their mixing and discharge performance shall be to the
satisfaction of the Engineer. Mixing shall continue for the number and rate of
revolutions recommended in the manufacturer's instructions, in the absence of which
mixing shall continue for not less than 100 revolutions at a rate of not less than 7
revolutions per minute.
12. Pumping concrete through delivery pipes may be permitted but only with the prior
approval of the Engineer.
13. Re-mixing of concrete that has commenced to set shall not be allowed and in no case
shall such concrete be used in the Works.
F.
Preparation and Permission to Concrete

1. Prior to the commencement of concrete works, the Contractor shall provide the
Engineer with fully detailed proposals of the method of placing, compacting, finishing
and curing the concrete. The method statements, which shall be subject to the
approval of the Engineer, shall cover all principle types of concrete elements, e.g.
foundations, walls, columns, beams, slabs etc.
2. As a minimum requirement, preparations for concreting shall follow the guidelines
given in ACI 305R-91 Section 4.
3. The concrete-mixing plant, mixers, pipelines, pumps chutes and transport equipment
shall be shaded and/or painted white. Pump lines and other surfaces shall be kept cool
by insulating them or by covering them with Hessian kept damp by spraying with
water.
4. Surfaces on which concrete is to be placed shall be moist but free of standing water at
the time of concreting. This shall be achieved by spraying the forms and reinforcement
prior to placing concrete. Shading shall be provided to prevent solar heat gain of forms
and reinforcement.

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45
5. When daytime temperature and drying conditions are critical as defined in Section 3.11
the concreting shall be scheduled to begin during the late afternoon to prevent the
occurrence of severe thermal effects. Consideration should also be given to night-time
concreting.
6. The Contractor shall give the Engineer at least 24 hours written notice before
concreting to allow time for final inspection and approval.
G. Transport And Placing

1. The method of transport and placing concrete shall be to the approval of the Engineer.
Concrete shall be so transported and placed that contamination, segregation or loss of
the constituent materials does not occur.
2. All formwork and reinforcement shall be clean and free from standing water immediately
before placing concrete.
3. Prior to placing any concrete on natural surfaces a blinding layer of concrete shall be laid
to a minimum of 75 mm thickness unless otherwise specified on the drawings. This
blinding shall be suitably cured prior to subsequent concrete placement. The blinding
shall be clean and free from any dust or impurities prior to subsequent concrete
placement.
4. No concrete shall be placed in a foundation until the extent of excavation and the
character of bearing material have been approved and no concrete shall be placed in any
structure until the placement of reinforcing steel and the adequacy of the forms and
falsework have been approved.
5. Concrete shall not be placed in any part of the Works until the Engineer's approval has
been given. If concrete has not started within 24 hours of such approval being given,
approval shall again be requested. Concreting shall then proceed continuously over the
area between construction joints. Fresh concrete shall not be placed against in-situ
concrete that has been in position for more than 30 minutes unless a construction joint
is formed in accordance with the Specification and drawings. When the concrete has
been in place for 4 hours, or less as directed by the Engineer, further concrete shall not
be placed against it for at least a further 20 hours.
6. Concreting in Hot Weather
A. Hot weather is defined as any combination of the following conditions that tend to
impair the quality of the freshly mixed or hardened concrete:
a. High ambient temperature.
b. High concrete temperature.
c. Low relative humidity.
d. Wind velocity.
e. Solar radiation.
7. When the rate of evaporation of surface moisture from concrete is expected to approach
1 kg/m/hr (using Fig. 2.1.5 in ACI 305R-91) or when the shade air temperature is 35oC
and rising, precautions shall be taken, including the following:
a. Reducing the concrete temperature to the lowest practical level by procedures such
as:
1. Shading the aggregate.
2. Dampening the forms.
3. Cooling the mixing water before use.
4. Screening the mixing plant and transporting vehicles from wind, rain and sun.
5. Erecting wind breaks and sunshades at the concrete placing location.
6. Reducing the time between the placing of the concrete and the start of curing to
the minimum possible.

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46
7. Minimising evaporation (particularly during the first few hours subsequent to

placing the concrete) by suitable means such as applying moisture by fog spraying.
8. In the event that conditions become such that these requirements cannot be met,
concreting shall be suspended immediately and not resumed until the requirements can
be met again. Under such circumstances, additional precautions shall be taken to avoid
the hot weather concreting conditions being exceeded on future pours.
9. Control of Temperature
A. The temperature of the concrete when placed shall not exceed 32oC nor shall concrete
be mixed or placed when the shade air temperature is 40oC or above, or is expected to
reach such a level during concreting and 3 hours after placing, without special
permission from the Engineer.
B. For all concrete sections the Contractor shall take precautions to limit the effects of
heat of hydration.
C. For concrete sections greater than or equal to 1000 mm thick, the Contractor shall
submit to the Engineer for approval detailed proposals of the measures to be taken.
These measures shall include but are not limited to: control of concrete mix
constituents; curing water; formwork type; surface insulation; and, cooling by
embedded pipes. All submissions shall be based on measured values of heat of
hydration generated by the proposed mix to meet the criteria set out below:
I.
Maximum temperature difference between the core and the surface of any pour.
Design target 15oC. Field maximum 20oC.
II.
Maximum temperature difference between a new pour and a previous pour.
Design target 12oC. Field maximum 15oC.
III.
Absolute maximum temperature anywhere in a pour. Design target 60oC. Field
maximum 70oC.
IV.
Instrumentation shall be installed in the Works to the approval of the engineer to
verify compliance with the above criteria. Temperature measurements shall be
made by means of thermocouples positioned in a line perpendicular to the
concrete faces. The thermocouples shall be fixed: at the concrete faces; at the
centre of the section; and, at equal intervals of approximately 300mm.
V.
Temperatures shall be measured and logged continuously from the start of the
pour until instructed to stop by the Engineer. The Contractor shall submit to the
Engineer for approval details of the proposed methods and equipment for the
measuring and logging of temperatures.
VI.
If temperature measurements exceed any of the criteria above then action shall
be taken in accordance with the sub-section on defective concrete.
10. Concrete shall be compacted in its final position within 30 minutes of discharge from the
mixer unless carried in purpose made agitators operating continuously, when the time
shall be within 1 hour of the introduction of cement to the mix and within 30 minutes of
discharge from the agitator.
11. Precautions shall be taken to ensure that the loss of slump due to temperature rise
during transport, pumping and placing does not exceed 25mm.
12. Unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer, concrete shall not be dropped into place from
a height exceeding 2m. When trunking or chutes are used they shall be kept clean and
used in such a way as to avoid segregation.
13. Underwater concrete shall be placed in position by tremie or by pipeline from the mixer.
14. Full details of the method proposed shall be submitted in advance to the Engineer and
his approval obtained before placing begins. Where the concrete is placed by the tremie,
its size and method of operation shall be in accordance with BS 8004. During and after
concreting under water, pumping or dewatering operations in the immediate vicinity
shall be suspended until the Engineer permits them to be continued.

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47
15. Approved measures shall be taken to avoid premature stiffening of concrete placed in
contact with hot, dry surfaces. Surfaces including reinforcement against which concrete
is to be placed shall be shielded against the direct rays of the sun and shall be sprayed
with water to prevent excessive absorption by the surfaces of water from the fresh
concrete.
16. A complete record shall be kept of the date, time, temperature and conditions of placing
the concrete in each portion of the work and shall be available for inspection by the
Engineer at any time.
17. Do not add water to concrete during delivery, at Project site, or during placement unless
approved by Engineer.
18. Deposit concrete continuously in one layer or in horizontal layers of such thickness that
no new concrete will be placed on concrete that has hardened enough to cause seams or
planes of weakness. Deposit concrete to avoid segregation.
a. Consolidate placed concrete with mechanical vibrating equipment according to ACI
301.
b. Do not use vibrators to transport concrete inside forms. Insert and withdraw
vibrators vertically at uniformly spaced locations to rapidly penetrate placed layer
and at least 150 mm into preceding layer. Do not insert vibrators into lower layers
of concrete that have begun to lose plasticity. At each insertion, limit duration of
vibration to time necessary to consolidate concrete and complete embedment of
reinforcement and other embedded items without causing mixture constituents to
segregate.
19. Deposit and consolidate concrete for floors and slabs in a continuous operation, within
limits of construction joints, until placement of a panel or section is complete.
a. Consolidate concrete during placement operations so concrete is thoroughly worked
around reinforcement and other embedded items and into corners.
b. Maintain reinforcement in position on chairs during concrete placement.
c. Screed slab surfaces with a straightedge and strike off to correct elevations.
d. Slope surfaces uniformly to drains where required.
e. Begin initial floating using bull floats or darbies to form a uniform and open-textured
surface plane, before excess bleed water appears on the surface. Do not further
disturb slab surfaces before starting finishing operations.
20. Extent of Pours
a. The limit of individual pours and the height of lifts shall be as approved by the
Engineer. The sequence of pours shall be arranged to minimise thermal and
shrinkage strains.
b. Where the Concrete Works have been designed as continuous construction in
accordance with BS 8007, consideration should be given to maximising the size of
pours and minimising the number of construction joints.
21. Compaction of Concrete

a. All concrete shall be compacted to produce a dense homogeneous mass. Unless
otherwise agreed by the Engineer, it shall be compacted with the assistance of
vibrators. Sufficient vibrators in serviceable condition shall be on site so that spare
equipment is available in the event of breakdown. A 50mm diameter internal vibrator
shall be deemed capable of compacting 20 m3/hr. Internal vibrators shall be capable
of producing not less than 10,000 cycles per minute.
b. Vibration shall not be applied by way of the reinforcement. Where immersion vibrators
are used, contact with reinforcement and all inserts shall be avoided.
c. Vibrators shall be so manipulated as to work the concrete thoroughly around the
reinforcement and embedded fixtures and into corners and angles of the forms.
Vibrators shall not be used as a means to cause concrete to flow to its position in lieu

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48
of placing. The vibration at any point shall be of sufficient duration to accomplish

compaction. After initial set of the concrete, the forms shall not be jarred and no strain
shall be placed on the ends of projecting reinforcement. Excessive use of vibrator shall
be prohibited to avoid segregation.
22. Early Loading
a. During the first 28 days after compaction, the concrete shall at no time be subject to
loading, including its own weight, which will induce a compressive stress in it
exceeding 0.25 of its compressive strength at the time of loading or of the specified 28
day strength whichever is lower. The strength of the concrete and the stresses
produced by the loads shall be subject to the agreement of the Engineer.
b. No load shall be placed until the Engineer so permits, but in no case shall any load of
any kind be placed until the curing has been completed. The Contractor shall not place
any temporary loads or open any section of the Works to traffic or construction
equipment until permitted by the Engineer.
c. In addition to the above, the Contractor is responsible for conforming to the
performance requirements for concrete in general and for the creep requirements in
particular.
3.4
Finishing Formed Surfaces

A. Formed Surfaces
1. Type A: Rough finish for buried or rendered work:
This finish is obtained by the use of properly designed formwork or moulds of closely
jointed saw or wrought boards or other suitable material. The surfaces will be
imprinted with the grain of the boards and their joints. In addition, small blemishes
caused by entrapped air or water may be expected, but the surface should be free
from voids, honeycombing or other large blemishes. The holes left for formwork bolts
shall be filled. Fins and irregularities projecting more than 3mm shall be cleaned off.
2. Type B: Normal finish for exposed work:
This finish is obtained by the use of properly designed forms of closely jointed wrought
boards, plastic, steel or other suitable material, provided that the surfaces shall be free
from the imprint of the forms. Very minor blemishes caused by entrapped air or water
may be expected, but the surface should be free from voids, honeycombing or other
large blemishes. The holes left for formwork bolts shall be filled. Fins and other
projections shall be removed and all blemishes filled with a cement and fine aggregate
paste. Care shall be taken in the choice of any release agent used, to ensure that the
finished concrete surface is not permanently stained or discoloured.
3. Type C: Superior finish for exposed work:
This finish can only be achieved by the use of high quality concrete and by using
properly designed forms having a hard, smooth surface. The concrete surfaces should
be smooth with true, clean arises. Only very minor surfaces blemishes should occur
and there should be no staining or discoloration from the mould oil or curing agent.
The surface shall be free from the imprint of wood grain. Unfaced wrought boarding or
standard panels shall not be used. The material for the form shall be provided in large
sheets and arranged in an approved uniform pattern: joints between sheets shall be
arranged to coincide with architectural features, sills or heads of windows or changes
in direction of the surface; all joints between sheets shall be accurately aligned in the
plane of the sheets. Boltholes are not allowed.
4. Other types of finish

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49
These shall include any finish different from A, B and C that requires the use of special
forms or linings, the use of a different concrete mix near the surface, grinding, bush
hammering or other treatment. If any of these special finishes is required it shall be
as specified on the Drawings. The Contractor shall make trial samples for inspection
and approval by the Engineer.
Whichever method the Contractor uses for obtaining each finish, the same method
shall be used for the remainder of the work.
Remedial treatment to the finish of the concrete, additional to that specified above,
requires the approval of the Engineer.
B. Unformed surfaces
The finish of unformed surfaces shall be tamped, floated, trowelled or brushed as defined
below and shown on the drawings:
1. TF: Tamped surfaces shall be formed by levelling and tamping the concrete to produce
a uniform plain or ridged surface, surplus concrete being struck off by a straight edge
immediately after compaction. It is also the first stage of the following finishes:
2. FF: Floated shall be uniform surface that has been worked no more than is necessary
to remove screed marks by hand with a wood or steel float of a type approved by the
Engineer. The surface shall not be floated until the concrete has hardened sufficiently.
3. ST: Steel trowelled shall be a hard, smooth finish free from trowel marks formed with
a steel trowel under firm pressure. Trowelling shall not commence until the moisture
film has disappeared and the concrete has hardened sufficiently to prevent excess
laitance from being worked to the surface. If laitance is brought to the surface it shall
be removed.
4. BR: Brushed shall be formed by first producing a floated finish and then, before the
concrete has hardened, by drawing a wire broom over the concrete surface at right
angles to the traffic flow to give an average texture depth of 1mm.
5. PF: Power Float shall be a uniform surface that has been worked no more than is
necessary to remove screed marks with a power float of a type approved by the
Engineer. The surface shall not be floated until the concrete has hardened sufficiently.
3.5
Finishing Floors and Slabs

1. General: Comply with ACI 302.1R recommendations for screeding, restraightening, and
finishing operations for concrete surfaces. Do not wet concrete surfaces.
2. Scratch Finish: While still plastic, texture concrete surface that has been screeded and
bull-floated or darbied. Use stiff brushes, brooms, or rakes to produce a profile
amplitude of 5.0mm in 1 direction. Apply scratch finish to surfaces to receive concrete
floor topping sand to receive mortar setting beds for bonded cementitious floor finishes.
3. Float Finish: Consolidate surface with power-driven floats or by hand floating if area is
small or inaccessible to power driven floats. Restraighten, cut down high spots, and fill
low spots. Repeat float passes and restraightening until surface is left with a uniform,
smooth, granular texture. Apply float finish to surfaces to receive trowel finish and to be
covered with fluid-applied or sheet waterproofing, built-up or membrane roofing, or
sand-bed terrazzo.
4. Trowel Finish: After applying float finish, apply first troweling and consolidate concrete
by hand or power-driven trowel. Continue troweling passes and restraighten until
surface is free of trowel marks and uniform in texture and appearance. Grind smooth
any surface defects that would telegraph through applied coatings or floor coverings.

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50
a.
Apply a trowel finish to surfaces exposed to view and to be covered with resilient
flooring, carpet, and ceramic or quarry tile set over a cleavage membrane, paint, or
another thin-film-finish coating system.
b. Finish surfaces to the following tolerances, according to ASTM E 1155M, for a
randomly trafficked floor surface:
I.
Specified overall values of flatness, F(F) 25; and of levelness, F(L) 20; with
minimum local values of flatness, F(F) 17; and of levelness, F(L) 15 - for
carpeted slabs
II.
minimum local values of flatness, F(F) 24; and of levelness, F(L) 17 - for slabson-grade for thin floor coverings
III.
minimum local values of flatness, F(F) 30; and of levelness, F(L) 24 - for very
flat floors for high-speed forklifts, air pallets, and ice and roller rinks
5. Broom Finish: Apply a broom finish to exterior concrete platforms, steps, and ramps,
and elsewhere as indicated. Immediately after float finishing, slightly roughen trafficked
surface by brooming with fiber-bristle broom perpendicular to main traffic route.
Coordinate required final finish with Engineer before application.
6. Slip-Resistive Finish: Not USED.
I.
Dry-Shake Floor Hardener Finish: NOT USED.
3.6
Miscellaneous Concrete Items

A. Filling In: Fill in holes and openings left in concrete structures, unless otherwise indicated,
after work of other trades is in place. Mix, place, and cure concrete, as specified, to blend
with in-place construction.
Provide other miscellaneous concrete filling indicated or
required to complete the Work.
B. Curbs: Provide monolithic finish to interior curbs by stripping forms while concrete is still
green and by steel-troweling surfaces to a hard, dense finish with corners, intersections,
and terminations slightly rounded.
C. Equipment Bases and Foundations:
Provide machine and equipment bases and
foundations as shown on Drawings. Set anchor bolts for machines and equipment at
correct elevations, complying with diagrams or templates from manufacturer furnishing
machines and equipment.
D. Steel Pan Stairs: Provide concrete fill for steel pan stair treads, landings, and associated
items. Cast-in inserts and accessories as shown on Drawings. Screed, tamp, and trowelfinish concrete surfaces.
3.7
CONCRETE PROTECTING AND CURING

A.
Refer specification section 03 39 00
3.8
Liquid Floor Treatments Not Used.
3.9
Joint Filling
A.
B.
C.
Prepare, clean, and install joint filler according to manufacturer's written instructions.
Remove dirt, debris, saw cuttings, curing compounds, and sealers from joints; leave
contact faces of joint clean and dry.
Install semi rigid joint filler full depth in saw-cut joints and at least50 mm deep in
formed joints. Overfill joint and trim joint filler flush with top of joint after hardening.

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51
3.10 Concrete Surface Repairs

A. Defective Concrete: Repair and patch defective areas when approved by the Engineer.
Remove and replace concrete that cannot be repaired and patched to Engineer's
approval.
B. Patching Mortar: Mix dry-pack patching mortar, consisting of one part Portland cement
to two and one-half parts fine aggregate passing a 1.18-mm sieve, using only enough
water for handling and placing.
C. Repairing Formed Surfaces: Surface defects include color and texture irregularities,
cracks, spalls, air bubbles, honeycombs, rock pockets, fins and other projections on the
surface, and stains and other discolorations that cannot be removed by cleaning.
1. Immediately after form removal, cut out honeycombs, rock pockets, and voids
more than 10 mm in any dimension in solid concrete, but not less than25 mm in
depth. Make edges of cuts perpendicular to concrete surface. Clean, dampen with
water, and brush-coat holes and voids with bonding agent. Fill and compact with
patching mortar before bonding agent has dried. Fill form-tie voids with patching
mortar or cone plugs secured in place with bonding agent.
2. Repair defects on surfaces exposed to view by blending white Portland cement and
standard Portland cement so that, when dry, patching mortar will match
surrounding color. Patch a test area at inconspicuous locations to verify mixture
and color match before proceeding with patching. Compact mortar in place and
strike off slightly higher than surrounding surface.
3. Repair defects on concealed formed surfaces that affect concrete's durability and
structural performance as determined by the Engineer.
D. Repairing Unformed Surfaces: Test unformed surfaces, such as floors and slabs, for
finish and verify surface tolerances specified for each surface. Correct low and high
areas. Test surfaces sloped to drain for trueness of slope and smoothness; use a sloped
template.
1. Repair finished surfaces containing defects. Surface defects include spalls, popouts,
honeycombs, rock pockets, crazing and cracks in excess of 0.3mm wide or that
penetrate to reinforcement or completely through unreinforced sections regardless
of width, and other objectionable conditions.
2. After concrete has cured at least 14 days, correct high areas by grinding.
3. Correct localized low areas during or immediately after completing surface finishing
operations by cutting out low areas and replacing with patching mortar. Finish
repaired areas to blend into adjacent concrete.
4. Correct other low areas scheduled to receive floor coverings with a repair
underlayment. Prepare, mix, and apply repair underlayment and primer according
to manufacturer's written instructions to produce a smooth, uniform, plane, and
level surface. Feather edges to match adjacent floor elevations.
5. Delete subparagraph above or first subparagraph below, or retain both if
applicable. Above uses an underlayment; below, a topping.
6. Correct other low areas scheduled to remain exposed with a repair topping. Cut
out low areas to ensure a minimum repair topping depth of 5 mm to match
adjacent floor elevations. Prepare, mix, and apply repair topping and primer
according to manufacturer's written instructions to produce a smooth, uniform,
plane, and level surface.
7. Repair defective areas, except random cracks and single holes 25 mm or less in
diameter, by cutting out and replacing with fresh concrete. Remove defective
areas with clean, square cuts and expose steel reinforcement with at least a 20mm
clearance all around. Dampen concrete surfaces in contact with patching concrete
and apply bonding agent. Mix patching concrete of same materials and mixture as

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52
original concrete except without coarse aggregate. Place, compact, and finish to
blend with adjacent finished concrete. Cure in same manner as adjacent concrete.
8. Repair random cracks and single holes 1 inch 25 mm or less in diameter with
patching mortar. Groove top of cracks and cut out holes to sound concrete and
clean off dust, dirt, and loose particles. Dampen cleaned concrete surfaces and
apply bonding agent. Place patching mortar before bonding agent has dried.
Compact patching mortar and finish to match adjacent concrete. Keep patched area
continuously moist for at least 72 hours.
9. Perform structural repairs of concrete, subject to Engineer's approval, using epoxy
adhesive and patching mortar.
10. Repair materials and installation not specified above may be used, subject to
Engineer's approval.
3.11 Field Quality Control

A. Testing and Inspecting: Engage a qualified testing and inspecting agency to perform tests
and inspections and to submit reports. The independent material testing laboratory shall
establish a site curing facility. Test cubes are not to be de-moulded at periods of less than
24 hours and not transported before 48 hours have elapsed.
B. Correct deficiencies in the Work that test reports and inspections indicate dos not comply
with the Contract Documents.
C. The action to be taken in the event of non-compliance of test results with the Specification,
including but not limited to cube strength results, shall be determined by the Engineer and
may range from qualified acceptance to rejection and removal of all or part of the affected
works as described in Field Quality Control - Cube Strength Results.
D. The Contractor shall provide at his own expense all records, samples, including core
samples, tests and their results as may be required by the Engineer, whether the concrete
be finally accepted or not.
E. Inspections:
Steel reinforcement
1. Steel reinforcement placement.
2. Steel reinforcement welding.
3. Headed bolts and studs.
4. Verification of use of required design mixes.
5. Concrete placement, including conveying and depositing.
6. Curing procedures and maintenance of curing temperature.
7. Verification of concrete strength before removal of shores and forms from beams and
slabs.
F.
Concrete Tests:
1. Samples shall be taken and 6 (six) cubes made for strength testing, 12 (twelve) cubes
made for durability testing and 6 (six) cubes for chemical (3 each for chlorides and
sulphates) testing for each class of concrete and for each particular application at a
frequency shown in Table 4.
2. The point of sampling of fresh concrete shall be at delivery into the Works unless
otherwise directed by the Engineer.
3. Cement: One 2.0kg sample for quality testing to ensure compliance with Part 2 of the
Specification shall be taken from each 1,500 bags or equivalent weight or one days
output of the cement plant for each class of cement, whichever is the lesser.
4. Water: One 5.0litre sample shall be obtained prior to use from each source for quality
testing in accordance with sub-section 2.3 of the Specification.
5. Samples of concrete, cement and water shall be taken and tested as described in the
above sub-section at least once a week during concreting operations.

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Type of
Structure
Elements
within
Project
Critical
elements
Piles (NA)
Normal
structural
elements
Heavy
concrete
construction
53
Sampling To Represent a Volume of Concrete (m3)

Cube
Durability Tests for Exposure Conditions to
Strength
BS 8110 Part 1 Tables 3.2 and 6.1
Tests
Moderate:
Severe:
Very Severe:
Internal
External and
External
controlled
internal
contact with
environment
uncontrolled
the ground
environment
Per pile
-
Columns,
transfer
elements,
bracing
Stability
systems:
Core walls,
shear walls
General:
Beams,
Slabs, Wall
panels
Foundations:
Ground
beams, pile
caps, pads
Raft
Foundations
10
100
50
50
50
250
250
100
50
250
250
100
50
250
100
100
500
250
Table 4 Rate of Sampling Concrete
6. Slump: One test for each truck, but not less than one test for each day's pour of each
concrete mixture. Perform additional tests when concrete consistency appears to
change.
7. Air Content: One test for each composite sample, but not less than one test for each
day's pour of each concrete mixture.
8. Concrete Temperature: One test for each truck when air temperature is above 30oC
and one test for each composite sample.
9. Unit Weight: One test for each composite sample, but not less than one test for each
day's pour of each concrete mixture.
10. Samples shall be taken on site at the point of delivery. Test cubes shall be made,
cured, stored, transported and tested to BS 1881 Parts 108, 111 and 116.
G. Sampling Cubes
1. A sample of concrete shall be taken at random on eight separate occasions during the
first five days of using a mix, at least one sample being taken each day.
2. Thereafter one sample shall be taken at random for each class of concrete in
accordance with Table 4 of the Specification.
3. In addition to the above requirements, at least one sample shall be taken from each
individual structural unit, or part of a unit, when the latter is the product of a single
pour.
4. From each sample, three cubes shall be made for testing at 28 days and one for
testing at 7 days for control purposes.

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54
5. The frequency of sampling may be required to be varied if directed by the Engineer.

6. The procedures shall be repeated when materials or design mixes are changed.
H. Sampling Cubes - Piles
7. The minimum number of samples taken should conform to all of the requirements as
follows:
8. 1 sample per shift
9. Every 75m3 during the same shift
10. 1 sample per pile
11. 2 additional samples should be taken after an interruption of works in accordance with
BS12530/12390.
12. From each sample, three cubes shall be made for testing at 28 days and one for
testing at 7 days for control purposes.
13. The frequency of sampling may be required to be varied if directed by the Engineer.
14. The procedures shall be repeated when materials or design mixes are changed.
I.
Cube Strength Results

1. The results will be acceptable only if both of the conditions below are met:
a. The average strength determined at the age of 28 days from any sample exceeds
the Actual Characteristic Strength by 2N/mm2.
b. No individual result of the sample is less than the Actual Characteristic Strength
minus 2N/mm2.
2. If the above criteria are not satisfied, the unit represented by the sample is
questionable and any or all of the following actions may be instructed by the Engineer
at the Contractors expense:
a. Changing the mix.
b. Improving quality control.
c. Cutting and testing cores from placed concrete.
d. Non-destructive testing of placed concrete.
e. Cutting-out and replacing defective concrete.
3. If any individual 28 day cube strength from a sample exceeds the Target Mean
Strength achieved in the trial mixes by more than 8N/mm2 then any or all of the
actions listed above may be instructed by the Engineer at the Contractors expense.
4. In the event cutting and testing of cores are required, the Contractor shall cut cores
from approved locations, and test them to BS1881 as modified by BS 6089.
5. Test results shall be reported in writing to Engineer, concrete manufacturer, and
Contractor within 48 hours of testing. Reports of compressive-strength tests shall
contain Project identification name and number, date of concrete placement, name of
concrete testing and inspecting agency, location of concrete batch in Work, design
compressive strength at 28 days, concrete mixture proportions and materials,
compressive breaking strength, and type of break for both 7- and 28-day tests.
6. Non-destructive Testing: Impact hammer, sonoscope, or other nondestructive device
may be permitted by Engineer but will not be used as sole basis for approval or
rejection of concrete.
7. Additional Tests: Testing and inspecting agency shall make additional tests of concrete
when test results indicate that slump, air entrainment, compressive strengths, or other
requirements have not been met, as directed by Engineer. Testing and inspecting
agency may conduct tests to determine adequacy of concrete by cored cylinders
complying with ASTM C 42/C 42M or by other methods as directed by Engineer.
8. Additional testing and inspecting, at Contractor's expense, will be performed to
determine compliance of replaced or additional work with specified requirements.
J.
Other Tests

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55
1. The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for approval his proposed methods for
complying with the creep strain criteria of the performance requirements of the
Specification. These shall include, but are not limited to:
a. Tests to establish the strength of the concrete and the static modulus of elasticity
of the concrete to BS 1881: Part 121 at 7 days, 28 days, 3 months and 6 months.
b. Sufficient tests shall be undertaken to allow an accurate assessment of the creep
strain to be made prior to, and during, the concreting operations. These tests shall
only cease when directed by the Engineer.
2. When instructed by the Engineer concrete shall be tested for drying shrinkage and
wetting expansion, for which 75x75mm prisms shall be prepared and tested in
accordance with BS EN 1367-4 or BS 812 Part 120 as appropriate. The maximum
acceptable limits shall be:
a. Drying Shrinkage: 0.05%
b. Wetting Expansion: 0.03%

Silica Fume
Concrete (SF)
GGBS Concrete
PFA Concrete
DESCRIPTION OF TEST
Rapid Chloride Permeability
(RCP) to AASHTO T277 Max
Charge Pass (Coulombs) at 28
days
Water Permeability (DIN) to
DIN 1048 Max Penetration
(mm) at 28 days
Initial Surface Absorption Test
OPC Concrete
TYPE OF CONCRETE
Waterproof
Concrete (WPC)
3. Cubes may be required and trials carried out to determine stripping times for
formwork, the duration of curing and to check testing and sampling errors.
4. The air content of air-entrained concrete shall be determined in accordance with ASTM
C231 for each batch produced until consistency has been achieved, when one in five
batches may be tested. The maximum value shall not exceed 2%.
5. Compaction factor, slump, Vebe or other workability tests shall be carried out as
required during concreting of permanent Works to control workability at the batching
plant and at the site of the pour. For each sample the temperature of the concrete
shall be measured and recorded with the time the test was performed. The degree of
workability shall be as for the trial mixes; permitted tolerances shall be in accordance
with BS 5328.
6. Flexural Tensile Strength Tests
a. Samples shall be taken and two beams cast to determine the tensile strength of
the concrete at 7 days and 28 days, as specified in BS 1881 Part 118.
b. The samples shall be taken in accordance with the minimum test requirements for
concrete in the Specification and shall coincide with samples taken for test cubes.
7. Durability Tests
a. Samples shall be taken in accordance with the minimum test requirements for
concrete in the following section and shall coincide with samples taken for test
cubes. The concrete shall be tested for durability properties by undertaking
absorption and permeability tests as directed below
3,800
1,000
1,200
1,200
800
20
10
10
10
0.3
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.02
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56
(ISAT) to BS 1881 Part 208:

Maximum ISAT at 28 days: 10
minute test (ml/m/s)
30 Minute Absorption (WA) to
BS 1881 Part 122: 30 minute
test (at 28 days unless noted
otherwise)
Table 5
2.0%
1.5%
1.5%
1.5%
1.0%
Durability Tests
b.
The durability test results will be deemed to be acceptable only if the following
conditions are met:
I.
The average value of all of the results, for each test over the project, on
each type of concrete, is less than or equal to the pertinent value in the
above table.
II.
Each test shall be given a weighting and the overall score of the four
durability test results on each set of samples shall be evaluated in
accordance with the following formula:
Score = (RCP/800)+(DIN/8)+(ISAT/0.02)+(WA/1.0)
Where,
RCP =
measured value from the Rapid Chloride Permeability test

to AASHTO T277 in Coulombs
measured value from the Water Permeability test to DIN
1048 in mm
measured value from the Water Absorption test to
BS1881 Part 122 expressed as a percentage
measured value from the Initial Surface Water Absorption
test to BS1881 Part 208 expressed in ml/(mm2*s)
DIN =
WA =
ISAT =
III.
IV.
A lower bound contribution factor for each individual test score shall be
applied to exceptionally good test results. Test results achieving less than
75% of the minimum test values listed in the table above shall be scored at
the lower bound limit of 75% of the minimum test values listed in the table
above.
The score for each set of samples shall comply with the following values:
Type of Concrete
OPC
SF
GGBS
PFA
WPC
c.
Score to be less than or equal to

20
10
12
12
4
For blended mixes, such as OPC/SF/GGBS or OPC/SF/PFA, the most onerous

test conditions shall apply.

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d.
57
The chloride and sulphate levels in the concrete mix to BS 1881 Part 124 shall
be in accordance with the table below:
Type of Concrete
For reinforced concrete

- made with OPC/MSRPC
- made with SRPC
Prestressed concrete & heat-cured
reinforced concrete.
For mass concrete(b)
Chlorides
as Cl (a)
Sulphates
as SO3 (a)
0.10
0.06
0.06
3.70
3.70
3.70
0.10
3.70
Notes
(a) When silica fume is used it shall not be included as cement binder for the purpose of
chloride and sulphate limitations.
(b) The OPC and MSRPC cements can also contain chlorides, the relevant standard BS 12
allows up to 0.1% Cl. Therefore any chloride content present in the cement has to be
taken into account while computing total Cl in the mix.
3.12 Tolerances
A. The concrete work shall be constructed to an accuracy that shall permit the proper
assembly of components and installations and shall be compatible with the finish.
B. The accuracy of the work shall be within the tolerances stated on the Drawings or specified
elsewhere and in the absence of any other requirements, shall comply with the values
provided in Table 6.
C. The values in Table 6 provide the permitted deviations and location of the Structure as
defined on the drawings. The Engineer shall agree the location of the reference grids for
the overall positioning of the Structure with the Contractor before the Structure is set out.
D. The tolerances given in this section are NOT cumulative. The Contractor shall carry out
regular checks on the structure. If an accumulation of tolerances results in a position which
is out of tolerance the Contractor shall propose remedial measures for agreement with the
Engineer.
Table 6 Tolerances
All setting out dimensions
5mm
Sections of concrete members
5mm
Foundations
Surface against ground (underside)
+20/-100mm
Top surfaces of bases and piers
+5/-10mm
Slab Thickness
5 mm
Up to and including 150mm thickness
10 mm
Over 150mm up to and including 600mm thickness
15 mm
Over 600mm up to and including 1m thickness
20 mm
Over 1m thickness
The thickness of a slab shall not be in any case less than 95% of the nominal thickness
specified.
Where stated on the drawings, slabs shall be laid to the specified falls.
Columns (vertical and inclined) and walls (vertical) Plumb over a height including beams or edges above each other will be accurate to within
the following:
mm
Height

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58
Plumb in storey height

(3.5m typical)
3mm
Inclined columns
shall not exceed
2.0mm tolerance
measured along the
length
Plumb in any 20m

height
Plumb in any height
greater than 20m
but not greater than
10mm
1:2000
50mm
Bulge in formwork
Formwork for any structural element shall not bulge from its intended position for more than
2mm during and after pouring and casting of the concrete
Cross diagonal distortion in storey height (3.5m typical)
between adjacent columns or walls
7mm
Dimensions and position of openings
5mm
Holding down bolt assemblies
5mm
Position of embedded items
5mm
Building vertical alignment (foundation to roof)
50mm
Cover to reinforcement
Members up to 500mm thick
Members between 500mm and 1m thick
Members between 1m and 2m thick
Members greater than 2m thick
Formed Elements
The linear dimension of formed elements will be accurate to within the
length, height or width of element in the direction considered).
L
Up to and including 600
L+
mm
Over 600mm up to and
including 1.5m
Over 1.5m up to and
including 8m
Over 8m up to and
including 15m
Over 15m up to and
including 30 m
Over 30 m
5mm
-5/+10mm
-5/+15mm
-5/+20mm
following (where L is
mm
5 mm
10 mm
15 mm
20 mm
30 mm
30 mm + 1mm per
metre or part over
30m
Twist of Elements
The distance from any one corner to the plane containing the other three corners will be
accurate to within the following
mm
L

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59
Up to and including 600

mm
5 mm
Over 600mm up to and

including 3.0m
Over 3m up to and
including 8m
Over 8m
10 mm
15 mm
15 mm + 2mm per
metre or part over
8m
Squareness of Elements
L
Up to and including 600 mm
Over 600mm up to and including
2.0m
Over 2m up to and including 4m
Over 4m
mm
5 mm
10 mm
15 mm
15 mm + 1mm per
metre or part over 4m
Position on Plan
Position on plan of any element of the
foundation relative to the intended position will
be accurate to within 30 mm as illustrated.
Position on plan of any element above the

foundation relative to the intended position will
be accurate to within 5 mm measured at
floor level as illustrated.
iii) Position on plan of slab edges relative to the intended position will be accurate to within
5 mm measured at floor level.
iv) Positions of slab edges, openings and embedded items are relative to a local grid
established at a particular level. All other tolerances relate to main setting out lines.
Level of Elements
The following tolerances are for surfaces, which will receive, further levelling finishes and
are pre strike.
10mm

i) Permissible deviation from intended level shall

be 10 mm incorporating the pre-camber
allowance as stated in clause 13.2.
ii) The top surface of any foundation shall be
within 10mm high and/or 20mm low of the
intended level.
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60
iii) Intersecting beams intended to be at the

same level shall be accurate to within + 5 mm.
iv) Deviation in level between two points 6 m
apart shall be less than 10mm
v) Deviation at any point under a 3m straight
edge placed at any position on a floor shall be
less than 5mm.
The following tolerances are for surfaces, which are pre strike and wont receive further
levelling finishes or where higher tolerances are required, ie beneath sliding glazed doors.
i) Permissible deviation from intended level will
5 mm
be 5 mm incorporating the pre-camber
allowance as stated clause 13.2 - typically
L/500.
ii) Intersecting beams intended to be at the
same level will be accurate to within + 5 mm.
iii) Deviation in level between two points 6 m
apart will be less than 5mm.
v) Deviation at any point under a 3m straight
edge placed at any position on a floor will be
less than 5mm.
Cast-in Fixings
No fixing will be more than 5 mm from the
intended position, as illustrated.
Bow of Elements
i) Unspecified bow as measured between extremities shall not exceed the following:
Length
Extremities up to
and including 1.5
m apart

mm
5 mm
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Over 1.5 m up to
and including 3.0
m apart
8 mm
Over 3.0 m up to
and including 5.0
m apart
10 mm
Over 5.0 m up to
and including 8.0
m apart
Over 8m
15 mm
15 mm + 1mm per
metre or part over 8m
(with a maximum of
25mm)
ii) Permitted deviation to specified pre-camber

Specified
Permitted deviation mm
Up to and including 20mm
5 mm
Over 20mm up to and including 40mm
10 mm
Over 40mm
15 mm
Abrupt changes of continuous surfaces where finish is not specified
= Permitted up to 3 mm but at construction or
movement joints up to 5 mm as measured on
the nominal surface of the finish face.
Cast-in Foundation Bolts
Pre-set foundation bolt or bolt groups when not
prepared for adjustment. Deviation from
specified position.
Pre-set foundation bolt or bolt groups when

prepared for adjustment. Deviation from
specified position.
Wall bolt or bolt groups when not prepared for

adjustment. Deviation from specified position.
Prestressed Concrete

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i) Anchorages shall be located within the following tolerances

Horizontally: 25mm
Vertically: 5mm
ii) Tendons and sheathing shall be positioned in accordance with BS8110: 1997 Clause 8.6
and to the following tolerances:Horizontally
Vertically
Beams 50mm
5mm
Except for slab thickness less than 200 thick
Slabs 150mm
where slab thickness/40 shall apply.
Gaps and slots for sealant
Gaps and slots for sealants shall satisfy the requirements the Specification for Joints and
Sealants.
END OF SECTION

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SECTION 03 38 19 BONDED POST TENSIONED CONCRETE

PART 1 - GENERAL
1.4
Work Included
1.4.1 Comply with Division 1, General Requirements and all documents referred to
therein.
1.4.2 Provide all labour, materials and equipment to complete the post-tensioned
concrete work indicated on the drawings and specified herein, including all
confinement reinforcement in the anchorage zone, as required by the Post
Tensioning contractors engineers design of the anchorage.
1.4.3 Provide the services of a fully qualified Professional Engineer who will prepare or
directly supervise the design of the post-tensioning, including the anchorage zone
reinforcement, and who will directly supervise the preparation of shop drawings.
1.4.4 This specification includes but is not limited to the supply and installation of a
complete bonded strand post-tensioning system designed and constructed to give
a long service life.
1.5
Reference Documents
1.5.1 Referenced Sections:
1. Concrete Formwork, Section 03 10 00.

2. Concrete Reinforcement, Section 03 20 00.
3. Cast-in-Place Concrete, Section 03 30 00.
1.5.2
Conform to Dubai Municipality Building Regulations and Guidelines for Structural

Design and any applicable acts of any authority having jurisdiction and the
following:
Post Tensioning Institute
Post-Tensioning Manual
ACI 318 M
Concrete
Building Code Requirements for Structural
ACI 301
Concrete
Standard
ASTM A416/A416M
Standard
Uncoated Seven-Wire for Prestressed Concrete.
ACI 362
Structure
Guide
for
Specification
Specification
design
of
for
for
Structural
Steel
Strand,
Durable
Parking
1.5.3 Where there are differences between the specifications and drawings and the
codes, standards or acts, the most stringent shall govern.
1.5.4 Standards and publications referenced by the Standards noted above are to apply
even if they are not included in the list. Where such reference is made, it shall be
to the latest edition and revision published.

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64
Tolerances
1.6.1 Perform placing operations so that completed work will be within the tolerances
set out in ACI 117 and as listed below:
1.6.2 Variations in building lines which result in extension of the building over lot lines or
restriction lines will not be permitted.
1.6.3 These
tolerances are acceptable with regard to structural requirements.

Interfacing tolerances may not be compatible with the above.
Review and
coordinate interfacing tolerance so that the various elements come together
properly.
1.7
Qualifications
1.7.1 Contractor Qualifications
The post-tensioning work shall be performed by an organization with 10 years

previous experience of a nature and magnitude similar to that shown on the
drawings and is a member in good standing of the Post-Tensioning Institute.
The post-tensioning contractor shall employ a fully qualified Professional Engineer
responsible for the design of the post-tensioning and the production of shop
drawings.
1.7.2 Field Personnel Qualifications
The installation of the post-tensioning shall be under the immediate control of a

foreman with no less than 5 years experience in this type of work. The Foreman
shall exercise close checks and rigid control of all operations to ensure full
compliance with all requirements of this specification. This person shall be named
and shall furnish such proof of experience as the Engineer may require.
The field foreman shall be under the direct control of the post-tensioning designer.
1.8
Submittals
1.8.1 Shop drawings, calculations, samples and technical data shall be submitted for
review by the Engineer at the start of the project.
1.8.2 Test results from an independent testing agency shall be submitted confirming the
conformity of all materials to the contract documents.
1.8.3 Shop Drawings

1.8.4 Submit shop drawings and calculations for review by the Engineer.
Work
proceeding prior to final review of shop drawings will be at the Contractor's risk.
Allow a minimum of two weeks for the Engineer's review.
1.8.5 Shop
drawings and calculations shall be prepared by or under the direct

supervision of a fully qualified engineer. This engineer shall verify, either by
signing the shop drawings or submitting a signed letter, that the drawings were
prepared under his/her supervision and that the post tensioning system meets the
requirements of the drawings and specifications.

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1.8.6 Submit calculations of initial and final prestressing forces and field data including
elongations and anticipated gauge pressures, taking into account, in the case of
plastic ducts, the possible effects of duct creep and resulting tendon relaxation.
1.8.7 Where there is a concentration of anchorages, or in any other condition including
overlapping anchorage zones at element intersections, submit anchorage zone

calculations and details of extra reinforcement necessary to resist splitting and
spalling forces.
1.8.8 Provide details showing placement of post-tensioning ducts, crossing connecting
beams, and columns.

Co-ordinate post-tensioning duct and anchorage
requirements with the mild steel placement. Do not submit uncoordinated details
between
mild
steel
and
post-tensioning
steel
supplier.
1.8.9 Submit design and drawings which are fully coordinated for:
Upstands and architectural requirements
Junction with stairs
Junction with columns and wall reinforcement
Pour size, sequence and any crane openings or placing boom

requirements etc.
Tolerances and allowable deflections and allowable deflections adjacent

to cladding and partitions
Fixings for cladding (supplied by others)
Structural steelwork (supplied by others)
Service holes, risers and other penetrations
1.8.10 Shop drawings shall show a minimum of the following:
Layout of tendons, including number of strands in each group and

including detailed layout of all tendons which deviate in plan from a
straight line.
Tendon profiles.
Fixing/ Layering sequence of tendons and reinforcement
Jacking loads and stressing requirements
Stressing sequence for the tendons (including any stage-stressing

requirements)
Calculated theoretical extensions
Details of all supports and spacers.
Details of anchorages anchor set and required additional reinforcement.

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Details of initial and effective prestress forces along the tendon profiles.
Technical data on tendons, strands, anchorages, jacks, and wobble and

friction coefficients.
Required concrete strength at time of tensioning.
Location of all slab openings, sleeves, pockets, recesses etc. and

embedded items.
Positions and details of shrinkage strips and stressing pockets (as

required)
Details of paint "benchmark" on tendons and strands for stressing record

purposes.
1.8.11 Prior to onset of construction contractor shall submit a method statement outlining
their procedures for installation, stressing, protection of assembly from the

elements including water, temperature control prior to grouting, grouting, capping,
etc.
1.8.12 Provide details where live or dead end pockets interfere with columns, beams, or
slab reinforcement. Co-ordinate post-tensioning pockets requiring confinement

reinforcement (supplied by post-tensioning trade) with the mild reinforcement in
the structure. Do not submit un-coordinated details for review.
1.8.13 Technical Data and Samples

1.8.14 Provide sample stressing sheets for all tendons, showing computed tendon
extension, corresponding gauge pressure, identification of jacks to be used, and

any special procedures that are required.
1.8.15 Provide detailed information for fabrication and use of temporary anchors, swaged
dead-end anchors, other dead-end anchors, couplers and splices. Looped deadend anchors shall be detailed on shop drawings and show any additional mild
reinforcing that is required.
1.8.16 Submit to the Engineer, no later than two weeks prior to onset of construction, all
technical data on the post-tensioning system. Information shall include test

reports for all components, specifications for manufacturing, quality control of
manufactured part, stress-strain diagrams and modulus of elasticity for each reel
of strand by a recognized independent testing laboratory. Submit for approval
quality assurance program that ensures approved quality components are
supplied. Provide for approval a system of "marking" for different batches of
components including reel number and heat numbers for strands.
Each
component shall be readily identifiable in the field from these markings.
1.8.17 As
soon as the strands are received in the shop by the post-tensioning

subcontractor submit calibration certificates and anchorage slippage certificates
from a recognized independent testing agency for each jack to be used.

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1.8.18 Submit, no later than two weeks prior to onset of construction, sample of a
complete dead and live end anchorage system assembly, including 500 mm of
strand.
1.8.19 Submit to the engineer, no later than two weeks prior to onset of construction, all
technical data related to the post tensioning strands including specifications for
manufacturing, quality control of manufactured parts, stress strain diagrams and
modulus of elasticity for each reel of strand by a recognized independent testing
laboratory. Submit for review by the Engineer, a quality assurance program that
ensures approved quality components are supplied.
1.8.20 Submit, no later than two weeks prior to construction, a method statement
addressing waterproofing and transitioning between different duct sizes. Submit

manufacturer information on the suitability of couplers in cold weather climates.
Provide samples of couplers including transitions between ducts of different
diameter and waterproofing joints. Transitions and waterproofing should be in
accordance with the recommended practice of the manufacturer.
1.8.21 Submit to the engineer data pertaining to the relaxation and creep values related
to the plastic ducts.
1.8.22 Prior to the onset of stressing submit to the engineer a copy of the stressing
record sheet.
1.8.23 As-Built Drawings

1.8.24 Mark on a complete set of final reproducible drawings any changes, additions or
deletions that occur during construction as a result of the Contractors work,

change orders, or for any other reasons.
1.8.25 For all shop drawings marked Reviewed as Noted or Revise and Resubmit,
update and submit a record set of these drawings at the completion of the
structural work.
Ensure that these drawings reflect the changes and are
coordinated with the final reproducible drawings noted above.
1.8.26 Compliance with Estidama Pearl Rating System (PRS) Version 2.0
1.8.27 No materials, building products or components are to be used that contain the
hazardous substances attributed under EU Risk Phrases (R-Phrases) listed in

Annex II of EU Directive 67/548/EEC
1.9
Supplementary Mild Steel
1.9.1 The structural drawings detail mild reinforcing steel required for non-prestressed
structural floor parts and also the additional reinforcing steel required for lateral
system
1.9.2 Variations in mild reinforcement specified in 1.7.1 required due to use of a
different system, or required in anchorage zones or other areas, shall be designed

and supplied by the post-tensioning Contractor under this Section at no additional
cost.

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1.9.3 The design and supply of anchorage zone reinforcement shall be the responsibility
of the post-tensioning Contractor who shall consider the spacing and orientation of
the anchorages and the concrete strength at stressing.
1.10 Design
1.10.1 General
1.10.2 Conform to ACI 318M.including compliance with section 18.4.1 for limitations on
stress in concrete after prestress transfer and section 18.4.2 for limitations on
stress in concrete at service loads
1.10.3 Anchorages
1.10.4 The Contractor is responsible for the design and quality of the anchorages.
1.10.5 Anchorages shall include design features ensuring a watertight connection of the
sheathing to the anchorage, and watertight closing of the wedge cavity. The
resulting assembly shall be watertight under a hydrostatic pressure of 8.6 kPa
when tested over a 24 hour period.
1.11 Co-ordination
1.11.1 Construction sequences and tensioning procedures shall be agreed between the
Contractor and the Engineer. This agreement shall define: sequence of stressing,
length of pour to be tensioned, stressing points, time of stressing including
consideration of concrete strength, location of construction joints, slab joint
details, details for dealing with restraint problems caused by stiff vertical
elements, access to tensioning.
1.12 Examination
1.12.1 The Contractor shall examine all the drawings and specifications for items to be
included in this Section. Report discrepancies to the Engineer. Do not commence

work until all discrepancies have been resolved.
1.13 Substitutions
1.13.1 Substitutions of different sizes of cables or any other element is permitted only
upon review and written acceptance of Engineer.

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PART 2 - PRODUCTS
2.1
Materials
2.1.1
Prestressing Steel
2.1.1.1
Post-tensioning Steel shall be of the low relaxation type and shall conform to
ASTM A416/A416M. All prestressing steel shall be protected against corrosion
through the application of a factory applied, manufacturer approved, watersoluble corrosion inhibitor. Prestressing steel shall also be protected from
damage and shall be free of all dirt, rust, oil, grease and other deleterious
substances when finally encased in concrete or grouted in the member.
2.1.1.2
Strand joints or splices will not be permitted in any reel or coil of strand.
2.1.2
Post-tensioning Steel: Minimum recycled content (by weight) of 90%

comprising of post consumer recycled products.
2.1.2.1
All strand from each manufactured reel to be shipped to the site shall be
assigned an individual lot number and shall be tagged in such a manner that
each such lot be accurately identified at the job site. All unidentified
prestressing steel received at the site will be rejected.
2.1.3 Anchorages
2.1.3.1
Anchor castings shall be non-porous and free from sand, blow holes, voids,
and other defects.
2.1.3.2
Anchorage assemblies shall be coated to reduce corrosion and shall be

approved as aggressive environment anchorages. Wedges and strand ends
shall be encapsulated with permanent, water tight, mechanically fastened
grease filled caps.
2.1.3.3
All prestressing strands shall be secured at the ends by means of approved 2

or 3 part wedges in the anchorage block. The wedges shall be of such nature
that they will not kink, neck-down or otherwise damage of prestressing steel.
2.1.4 Fixed End Anchorages

2.1.4.1
Fixed end anchorages shall have the wedges seated with a load of not more
than 80 percent of the ultimate tensile strength of the strand. The seating
load shall be sufficient to ensure adequate capacity.
2.1.4.2
End caps filled with corrosion preventative coating material shall be applied to
fixed end anchorages in the plant.
2.1.5 Tendon Ducts

2.1.5.1
Ducts for post-tensioning steel shall be grout-tight corrugated or rigid metal

tubes or corrugated flat ducts as applicable.

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2.1.5.2
All ducts and anchorage assemblies shall be provided with pipes or other
suitable connections for the injection of grout after stressing and any
necessary air vents and drain tubes at all lower points to allow free draining of
water that could infiltrate into the duct.
2.1.5.3
Provide couplers at all duct joints, including transitions between ducts of

varying diameter, providing a water tight seal across the joint, using an
assembly recommended by the duct supplier. Transition assembly shall be
such as to prevent formation of voids in the grout at transition zones.
2.1.5.4
All ducts to be chemically stable, and non-reactive with concrete, steel, and
the tendon corrosion inhibiting agent.
2.1.5.5
All ducts to be of sufficient strength to resist damage during fabrication,

transportation, installation, concrete placing, and tensioning.
2.1.5.6
Duct material must not be subject to embrittlement deterioration, or softening

of the duct over the anticipated temperature exposure and service life of the
structure.
2.1.5.7
Duct material must be able to withstand environmental degradation caused by

exposure to the elements (i.e. ultra-violet light, cold, rain,etc.) prior to
concreting
2.2
Grout Mix Design
2.2.1 Design Of Mix

2.2.1.1
Design the mix in accordance with ACI 318M and the provisions included
herein. Grout for corrosion protection and bonding post-tensioning tendon
(silica fume grout) shall consist of cement, silica fume, water and admixtures
to ACI 318M.
2.2.1.2
Specified Strength: The compressive strength of the grout shall not be less
than 25 MPa at 7 days and 35 MPa at 28 days determined on 50 mm cubes
stored and tested in accordance with ASTM C109 and not less than the
strength of the beam.
2.2.1.3
Water Cement Ratio: The maximum water-cement ratio of the grout shall be
0.4.
2.2.1.4
When allowed to stand for 15 minutes, the grout shall not bleed or segregate.
At the time of initial set, the grout shall exhibit an expansion of 8 percent,
plus or minus 2 percent, of its original volume.
2.2.1.5
The use of calcium chloride on the post-tensioning elements or in any other

place where it could come in contact with post-tensioned tendons or
accessories is strictly prohibited.
2.2.1.6
Grout mix for bonding post-tensioning tendons in Parking Structures shall

include a proven corrosion-inhibiting agent.

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2.2.2 Grout
2.2.2.1
The grout shall be mixed in an approved mechanical high-speed mixer (1,200

to 2.000 rmp) with gauges measuring grout pressure and water quantity. The
accuracy of the gauges shall be within plus or minus 2 percent. The mixer
shall provide for straining and reagitating the grout, before it is to be used.
2.2.2.2
The grouting pump shall be fitted with an effective control against a buildup of
excessive pressure and be of sufficient capacity to ensure that the velocity of
the grout is 9 m to 12 m per minute with a maximum pressure of 1.05 Mpa.
The connection between the nozzle of the grouting pipe and the duct shall be
positive so that air not be drawn in.
2.2.3 Anchor Pocket Grout

2.2.3.1
Resin bonding agent shall be used to coat the inside of cleaned pocket.
2.2.3.2
Stressing pockets shall be filled with an impermeable non-shrink grout that

includes a corrosion inhibiting agent.
2.2.4 Tendon Supports And Ties

2.2.4.1
All chairs supporting tendons shall be plastic coated.
2.2.4.2
All tie wires for fastening tendons shall be plastic coated.
2.2.5 Tendon Fabrication

2.2.5.1
The tendons shall be fabricated, coiled and assembled in a plant.
2.2.6 Concrete Strength

2.2.6.1
Conform to ACI 318 and as indicated on the drawings.
2.2.6.2
The time required from end of concrete pour for the specified concrete mix to
reach the strength required at time of tensioning shall be determined under
site conditions, so that the speed of construction desired is not delayed.
2.2.7 Metallic Elements In Parking Structures

2.2.7.1
For post tensioned parking structures, the use of metallic elements including,
but not limited to, inserts, sleeves, hangers, nails, conduits, junction boxes,
etc. are strictly forbidden. Metallic fire sprinkler hangers may be acceptable,
however they must be installed prior to concrete being placed and shall be
equally spaced between slab tendons with a minimum of 300 mm clear
distance between the hanger and the tendon duct. Proposed Fire Sprinkler
Hanger specifications and dimensions must be submitted to the Engineer for
review, prior to installation.
2.2.7.2
Metallic floor drains shall be acceptable only if epoxy coated, and the locations
coordinated with the design of the post-tensioning strand layout. Proposed
drain locations must be reviewed and accepted by the Engineer.

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PART 3 - EXECUTION
2.3
General
2.3.1 All phases of the post-tensioning work shall be in accordance with the standard
unless otherwise specified herein or on the drawings. The work shall be done by
workers who are skilled and experienced in their trade.
2.3.2 Fabrication, coiling, shipping, unwinding, threading, tying and concreting
equipment, materials and procedures shall be constructed so that damage and
displacement of the system is prevented during installation and concreting.
2.4
Fabrication
2.4.1 The fabricator of the tendons shall be registered under the standards of the PostTensioning Institute or shall provide a letter from a qualified Professional Engineer
licensed in the stating that the fabrication of the tendons conform to the
specifications and recommendations of the Post-Tensioning Institute for
fabrication of tendons for usage in corrosive environments.
2.4.2 Rubber grommets shall be installed within pocket formers and anchor opening in
such a way as to prevent any intrusion of water from outside elements into the
sheathing cavity.
2.4.3 The Engineer shall be permitted to visit the fabrication plant to verify that the
fabrication equipment, materials, and personnel are producing the quality of
product specified.
2.5
Transportation of Tendons
2.5.1 Tendons shall be stored flat on trucks.

2.5.2 Tendons arriving on site either damaged or with damaged casing will not be
accepted.
2.6
Storage of Materials
2.6.1 Tendons, ducts, anchorages, and couplers shall be stored on site in an area
protected from the weather, on a dry clean surface. Tarping over the tendons in
an exterior location is not considered sufficient protection, and shall not be
allowed. When storage is to occur in a humid environment (avg. humidity >80%)
material protection shall consist of a weather tight, heated enclosure.
2.6.2 Special consideration shall be given to protecting the ends of the strand prior to
prestressing operations. Prevent water from any source, including weather, from
entering sheathing and/or anchorages.
2.6.3 Plastic ducts shall be stored in such a way to prevent direct, long-term exposure
to ultra-violet radiation, from sunlight.
2.7
Installation
2.7.1 Place and rigidly fix cable anchorages in their designated positions. Ducts,
strands, grout vents, drain tubes, anchorage reinforcement and other inserted

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items shall be free of all dirt, rust, oil, grease or other deleterious substances.
Prior to inserting of strands, remove water from the ducts and take necessary
precautions to prevent its re-entry by sealing ends temporarily or other approved
methods.
2.7.2 Sufficient space shall be left at ends of members to permit access for jacking.
2.7.3 Tendons shall be installed in smooth curves without undulations.
2.7.4 All components shall be securely fastened so they not be displaced after
installation by ongoing work by other trades and during placing of concrete.
Maximum spacing of chairs along the tendons shall be 750 mm.
2.7.5 At the low points of all ducts, provide drain tubes. Before grouting, ensure tube
is clear. Cut back and make good all vents and drains in areas architecturally
exposed as for tie holes.
2.7.6 Coordinate with electrical and mechanical contractors the routing of pipes,
conduits and other embedded services which might conflict with post-tensioning
materials. The tendon locations take precedence over all other embedded items.
2.7.7 Exposed anchorages and strand ends shall be covered or capped to prevent water
entering the holes and gaining entry into the tendons at all times. The filling of
recess pockets with a well bonded and high quality dense durable concrete grout
as soon as possible after stressing, must be considered as part of and be included
with the total protection system for the post-tensioning so that permanent
protection against water penetration is provided.
2.7.8 Major damage, in the opinion of the Engineer, shall be cause for rejection and
replacement of the tendon at no cost to the Owner.
2.7.9 Notify Engineer 48 hours before placement of concrete so that work may be
reviewed.
2.7.10 Tendons which deflect in the horizontal direction must have 25 mm clearance
between strands. 16M reinforcing steel hairpins shall be installed at all points
where the curvature of the tendons is greater than 1:6.
2.7.11 The Contractor shall propose and implement an acceptable system of marking the
location of tendon lines and tendon intersections at the underside of the concrete
slabs and wide beams, except when exempted in writing by the Engineer.
2.7.12 Grout tubes shall be plugged immediately upon installation and remain so until
grouting occurs to prevent the infiltration of water into the duct.
2.7.13 At all times prior to grouting the Contractor is to ensure that no water is allowed
to pond or collect near grout tubes or live ends.
2.7.14 All post-tensioning tendons and reinforcement must be completed and reviewed
before placement of concrete begins.
2.7.15 Stressing
2.7.15.1
Stressing shall be accomplished by means of hydraulic jacks fitted with

hydraulic pressure gauges not less than 150 mm diameter to permit the

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stress to be computed at any time. The gauges shall be certified within six
months prior to the start of stressing unless it has been used since then, in
which case it shall be recertified since the last use. A certified calibration
curve shall accompany each jack showing the relationship between gauge
readings and stress in the ram for both ascending and descending movements
of the ram.
2.7.15.2
The accuracy of each jack or jack pressure gauge shall be attested by an

authority acceptable to the Engineer before use and calibrated at intervals not
exceeding six months or as required by the Engineer.
2.7.15.3
Load cells shall be accepted as an alternative means of assessing the force in

the tendon providing they be attached in a satisfactory manner. The accuracy
of the load cell shall be attested by an authority acceptable to the Contractor
before use and calibrated at intervals not exceeding 6 months or as required
by the Engineer.
2.7.15.4
Prior to stressing Contractor must establish, and coordinate with the Engineer,
a benchmark stressing value from which elongation is to be measured. This
benchmark values should be set at a level that ensures the elimination of any
sag and/or resistant of the tendon within the duct.
2.7.16 Prior to stressing, all strands shall be marked with a clearly defined paint "bench
mark" at a designated distance from the face-of-concrete.
2.7.17 Confirm in-situ concrete strengths prior to stressing. Concrete to be at a
minimum of 70% of its specified strength prior to the onset of stressing, unless
noted otherwise on drawings.
2.7.18 Tension forces shall be determined by calibrated pressure gauges on the jack and
by measured extension of the tendon.
2.7.19 Agreement within 5% between gauge readings and calculated anticipated
elongation will be required. In case of variation in excess of 5% the jack gauge
calibration and the loss calculations shall be verified.
2.7.20 Before the start of tensioning, an inspection and verification procedure of the
stressing shall be determined and reviewed by the Engineer to inspect and
verify/reject the recorded anchored strand forces so that the uncut anchored
strands are exposed to rain, snow etc. for a minimum period of time.
2.7.21 All strands in one tendon shall be stressed simultaneously with one multi-strand
jack except where noted otherwise on the drawings.
2.7.22 Data related to elongation and stress level shall be recorded at regular intervals
during the stressing of all tendons. A minimum of five (5) intermediate values
shall be recorded for all tendons.
2.7.23 Tendons shall be stressed to required force and the strand extension shall be
checked against calculated value. Immediately after tensioning and acceptance
from Engineer, strand shall be cut, the wedge cavity filled with grease and the
grease filled end cap installed to ensure full grease protection to the end of the
tendon immediately after tendon is cut.

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2.7.24 De-stress and re-stress any cable in which the accuracy of the extension is
doubted or questionable.
2.7.25 During the stressing of tendons should any unforeseen condition or result develop
or occur, stressing must immediately cease. Contractor must provide immediate
notification to the Engineer and stressing shall not resume until Engineer reviews
situation.
2.7.26 Strands may be cut by means of oxyacetylene cutting, abrasive wheel or
hydraulic shears. In case of flame cutting, care shall be taken to avoid directing
the flame towards the wedges. The strands shall be cut between 20mm and
30mm from the anchorage wedges to suit size of end caps. Stressing and
capping operations shall be performed on the same day.
2.7.27 Breakage: Wire breakage in strands in tendons shall not exceed 2 percent or
tendons are to be replaced.
2.7.28 Upon completion of stressing, submit completed stressing sheets, accompanied
by strand test data for each reel used, to the Engineer.
2.7.29 Upon completion of stressing, if the live end and exposed dead end recess
pockets are not immediately filled, they must be capped and sealed immediately
to prevent any infiltration of water into the post tensioning duct.
2.8
Grouting
2.8.1 On completion of tensioning, tendons shall be kept in such condition that they are
capable of being restressed until permission to grout is given in writing.
2.8.2 The use of calcium chloride on the post-tensioning elements or in any other place
where it could come in contact with post-tensioned tendons or accessories is
strictly prohibited.
2.8.3 Post-tensioned steel shall be bonded to the concrete by pressure grouting the
ducts or openings.
2.8.4 Within 7 days of stressing the tendons, bond tendons to concrete by pressure
grouting. Check that ducts are completely filled with grout by allowing quality
grout to flow out of vents at high points before closing vents.
2.8.5 All ducts or opening shall be clean and free of all foreign materials that would
impair bonding of the grout.
2.8.6 Each duct or opening shall be thoroughly flushed out with water and blown out
with oil free compressed air immediately prior to grouting. Steam shall not be
used for this purpose.
2.8.7 Ensure that grout hoses are not cut off prematurely, before grouting is
completed.
2.8.8 The temperature of the grout at the time of injection shall be not less than 15oC
or more than 27oC.
2.8.9 Grouting equipment shall be capable of grouting to a pressure of at least 0.7 Mpa.

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2.8.10 Grout shall be mixed in an approved mechanical mixer that provides for straining
and re-agitating the grout before it is used. Time between mixing and pumping
the grout shall not exceed 30 minutes.
2.9
Filling stressing pockets
2.9.1 Prior to grouting the pockets, laitance shall be removed from the sides, and the
concrete surfaces in the pocket shall be coated with a resin bonding agent.
2.9.2 Stressing pockets shall be filled with an approved impermeable non-shrink grout.
Grout to be placed under pressure to ensure complete filling of pocket. Provide
an air vent hole as necessary to let air escape during grouting of pockets..
2.9.3 Stressing pockets on vertical surfaces shall be filled with grout no later than 48
hours after the completion and approval of stressing. Stressing pockets on
horizontal surfaces (top of slabs) shall be filled with grout no later than 24 hours
after the completion and approval of stressing.
2.10
Marking of Tendons
2.10.1 Mark in a permanent manner the exact field location of the tendons in the slab
and wide beams. The marking system and procedure shall be submitted to the
Engineer for approval.
2.10.2 Provide a reproducible set of Drawings, detailing the as built location and marking
of tendons, to the Engineer.
2.10.3 In structures where the marking of tendons is not required, obtain a letter to this
effect from the Engineer, before shop drawings are reviewed or tendon placing
starts.
2.11
Safety
2.11.1 Observe strict safety precautions at all times during stressing.

The posttensioner must ensure that no person(s) is permitted to stand in line behind
stressing jacks.
2.11.2 No materials shall be stored on post-tensioned slabs prior to tensioning. Posttensioned slabs are only safe to carry their design loading after the concrete has
reached its specified 28 day strength. At no time shall material be place on the
slab in excess of the slab design loading.
2.11.3 Obtain Engineer's written approval prior to cutting openings in post-tensioned
slabs. No penetrations into or through post-tensioned slabs shall be made after
concrete placing, without this written approval.
2.12
Final Certification
2.12.1 Upon completion of the project, submit a letter signed by a qualified Professional
Engineer responsible for the post-tensioning shop drawings, certifying that the
post-tensioning work has been satisfactorily completed in accordance with the
reviewed shop drawings and contract documents.

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2.13
77
Quality Control
2.13.1 Implement a system of quality control to ensure that the minimum standards
specified herein are attained.
2.13.2 Bring to the attention of the Engineer any defects in the work or departures from
the Contract Documents which may occur during construction. The Engineer will
decide upon corrective action and give recommendations in writing.
2.13.3 The Engineer's general review during construction and inspection and testing by
Independent Inspection and Testing Companies reporting to the Engineer are
both undertaken to inform the Owner of the Contractor's performance and shall in
no way augment the Contractor's quality control or relieve the Contractor of
contractual responsibility.
2.14
Notification
2.14.1 Prior to commencing significant segments of the work, give the Engineer and
Independent Inspection and Testing Companies appropriate notification so as to
afford them reasonable opportunity to review work previously completed. Failure
to meet this requirement may be cause for the Engineer to classify the work as
defective.
2.15
2.15.1 The Owner will appoint the Independent Inspection and Testing Companies to
make inspections or perform tests as the Engineer directs. The Independent
Inspection and Testing Company shall be responsible only to the Engineer, and
shall make only such inspections or tests as the Engineer may direct.
2.15.2 When defects are revealed, the Engineer may request, at the Contractor's
expense, additional inspection or testing to ascertain the full extent of the defect.
2.16
Defective Materials and Work
2.16.1 Where evidence exists that defective work has occurred or that work has been carried out
incorporating defective materials, the Engineer may have tests, inspections or surveys
performed, analytical calculations of structural strength made and the like in order to help
determine whether the work must be replaced.
Tests, inspections or surveys or
calculations carried out under these circumstances will be made at the Contractor's
expense, regardless of their results, which may be such that, in the Engineer's opinion, the
work may be acceptable.
2.16.2 All testing shall be conducted in accordance with the requirements of the Post Tensioning
Manual, except where this would, in the Engineer's opinion, cause undue delay or give
results not representative of the rejected material in place. In this case, the tests shall be
conducted in accordance with the standards given by the Engineer.
2.16.3 Materials or works which fail to meet specified requirements may be rejected by the
Engineer whenever found at any time prior to final acceptance of the work regardless of
previous inspection. If rejected, defective materials or work shall be promptly removed
and replaced or repaired to the satisfaction of the Engineer, at no expense to the Owner.
END OF SECTION 03 38 19

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78
SECTION 03 39 00 CONCRETE CURING

PART 1 - GENERAL
1.14 Related Documents

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary
apply to this Section.
1.15 Related Sections

Documents affecting work of this Section include, but are not necessarily limited to:
1. 03 31 00
Structural Concrete
1.16 References
This specification shall be read in conjunction the Dubai Municipality Building Codes 2011 for
any amendments to the ACI standards. In cases of discrepancy between this specification and
the building code, the most onerous requirement shall apply unless alternative is prior
approved by the Engineer.
1.17 Submittals
1. Manufacturers' data for the following products:
a. Vapour retarders.
b. Curing compound.Curing Compound: Manufacturer's Certificate of Compliance showing moisture
retention requirements.
2. Curing methods proposed.
Curing compounds, vapor retarder and other specified products as
3. Samples:
requested by the Engineer.
1.18 Quality Assurance
A. Manufacturer Qualifications: A firm having adequate local experience in manufacturing
ready-mixed concrete products and that complies with ISO 9000 series of requirements for
production facilities and equipment.
C. Source Limitations: Obtain each type or class of cementitious material of the same brand
from the same manufacturer's plant, obtain aggregate from one source, and obtain
admixtures through one source from a single manufacturer.
D. Inspections and Reviews Following minimum inspections and reviews must be conducted
on the site:
a. special inspection and testing and inspecting agency procedures for field quality control

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b.
c.
79
curing procedures
vapor-retarder installation
1.19 Delivery, Storage, And Handling

1. Store under cover to protect from moisture, sunlight, dirt, oil, and other contaminants.
2. Follow manufacturers current written instructions for storage and handling.
1.20 Inspection And Testing
1. Carry out all inspection and testing in accordance with this section and the relevant
standards.
3. Carry out any additional inspection and testing required by the Engineer at Contractor's
cost.
4. Demonstrate to the Engineer that full records are maintained through all stages of the
work. Make these records freely available for inspection by the Engineer at any time.
1.21 Acceptance Of The Engineer
undertaken.
2. If any deviation is required from any part of this Specification, obtain such approvals in
writing before proceeding with any such deviation.
interferences between trades to Engineer's attention and resolve before any concrete is
placed.

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80
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.8
Manufacturers
A. In other Part 2 articles where titles below introduce lists, the following requirements apply
to product selection:
1. Available Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, products that may be
2. Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide one of the products
specified.
3. Available Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, manufacturers
offering products that may be incorporated into the Work include, but are not limited
to, manufacturers specified.
4. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide products by one of
the manufacturers specified.
2.9
Materials
A. CURING MATERIALS
Following clauses are applicable for curing of vertical elements only. Curing for horizontal
elements shall be done using water ponding method.
1. Evaporation Retarder: Waterborne, monomolecular film forming, manufactured for
application to fresh concrete.
2. Absorptive Cover: AASHTO M 182, Class 2, burlap cloth made from jute or kenaf,
weighing approximately 305 g/sq. m when dry.
3. Liquid membrane forming curing compound for water retention &
dry time
requirements : ASTM C 309
4. Moisture-Retaining Cover:
ASTM C 171, polyethylene film or white burlappolyethylene sheet.
5. Water: Potable.
6. Clear, Waterborne, Membrane-Forming Curing Compound: ASTM C 309, Type 1, Class
B, dissipating.
B, nondissipating [certified by curing compound manufacturer to not interfere with
bonding of floor covering].
B, 18 to 25 percent solids, non-dissipating, certified by curing compound manufacturer
to not interfere with bonding of floor covering].
9. Clear, Solvent-Borne, Membrane-Forming Curing and Sealing Compound: ASTM C
1315, Type 1, Class A.
10. Clear, Waterborne, Membrane-Forming Curing and Sealing Compound: ASTM C 1315,
Type 1, Class
B. Vapour Retarders:
1. Plastic Vapor Retarder: ASTM E 1745, Class A. Include manufacturer's recommended
adhesive or pressure-sensitive tape.
2. Bituminous Vapor Retarder: NOT USED.
3. Granular Fill: Clean mixture of crushed stone or crushed or uncrushed gravel; ASTM D
448, Size 57, with 100 percent passing a 1-1/2-inch (37.5-mm) sieve and 0 to 5
percent passing a No. 8 (2.36-mm) sieve.

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81
4. Fine-Graded Granular Material: Clean mixture of crushed stone, crushed gravel, and
manufactured or natural sand; ASTM D 448, Size 10, with 100 percent passing a 3/8inch (9.5-mm) sieve, 10 to 30 percent passing a No. 100 (0.15-mm) sieve, and at
least 5 percent passing No. 200 (0.075-mm) sieve; complying with deleterious
substance limits of ASTM C 33 for fine aggregates.
C. Water
Water shall be clean and free from salt and other impurities to the satisfaction of the
Consultant. It shall be tested in accordance with BS EN 1008 or ASTM C94.
1. Water used for curing of concrete shall have a pH value in the basic range of 7 to 9
and the soluble solids shall not exceed the following limits:
Chlorides (NaCl)
Sulphate (SO3)
2000 mg/l
600 mg/l
500 mg/l
1000 mg/l
2. Temperature for water used for traditional ponding and method of curing shall not exceed
300C.
3. If steam curing is proposed for Precast elements, additional method statement supported
with adequate test result shall be submitted to the Engineers review and approval.

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82
PART 3 EXECUTIONS
3.13 General:
A. Protect freshly placed concrete from premature drying and excessive cold or hot
temperatures.
B. Immediately after compaction and for 14 days thereafter, concrete shall be protected from
the harmful effects of weather, including rain and rapid temperature changes, and from
drying out. The methods of protection shall be subject to the Engineers approval. The
Engineer's approval will be conditional upon the proposed curing method proving to be
satisfactory on site.
C. The method of curing used shall minimise the loss of moisture from the concrete. On
concrete surfaces that are to be waterproofed or coated, curing membranes shall not be
used unless agreed by the Engineer. Details of all curing methods to be used shall be
subject to the approval of the Engineer.
D. Concrete surfaces shall be kept damp using soaked Hessian sheeting. Polythene sheet
covering shall be used where approved by the Engineer to minimise evaporation. The
Hessian sheeting shall be maintained continuously damp for a minimum period of 14 days
after casting, using water of the same quality as that allowed in mixing the concrete.
Water used for curing purposes shall be within 5oC of the placed concrete temperature.
E. Subject to the approval of the Engineer, curing with an approved proprietary product may
be used as an alternative to curing with water except that the curing product shall not be
applied to surfaces of concrete from which the shuttering has been struck, until the
concrete has been inspected and approved by the Engineer's representative.
F. The concrete curing compound shall be of an approved type, which shall be readily
distinguishable upon the concrete surface for at least four hours after application. The
curing compound shall be compatible with subsequent surface finishes. The colour, if any,
shall become inconspicuous within seven days after application.
G. Evaporation Retarder: Apply evaporation retarder to unformed concrete surfaces if hot,
dry, or windy conditions cause moisture loss approaching 1.0 kg/sq. m x h before and
during finishing operations. Apply according to manufacturer's written instructions after
placing, screeding, and bull floating or darbying concrete, but before float finishing. B.
Reapply as needed to ensure a continuous moist surface until final finishing is
completed.
H. Formed Surfaces:
Cure formed concrete surfaces, including underside of beams,
supported slabs, and other similar surfaces. If forms remain during curing period, moist
cure after loosening forms. If removing forms before end of curing period, continue curing
for the remainder of the curing period.
I. Unformed Surfaces: Begin curing immediately after finishing concrete. Cure unformed
surfaces, including floors and slabs, concrete floor toppings, and other surfaces.
J. Cure concrete by one or a combination of the following methods as prior agreed with the
Engineer:
1. Moisture Curing: Keep surfaces continuously moist for not less than seven days with
the following materials:
a. Water.
b. Continuous water-fog spray.
c. Absorptive cover, water saturated, and kept continuously wet. Cover concrete
surfaces and edges with 300-mm lap over adjacent absorptive covers.
2. Moisture-Retaining-Cover Curing: Cover concrete surfaces with moisture-retaining
cover for curing concrete, placed in widest practicable width, with sides and ends
lapped at least 300 mm, and sealed by waterproof tape or adhesive. Cure for not less

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83
than seven days. Immediately repair any holes or tears during curing period using
cover material and waterproof tape.
a. Moisture cure or use moisture-retaining covers to cure concrete surfaces to receive
floor coverings.
b. Moisture cure or use moisture-retaining covers to cure concrete surfaces to receive
penetrating liquid floor treatments.
c. Cure concrete surfaces to receive floor coverings with either a moisture-retaining
cover or a curing compound that the manufacturer certifies will not interfere with
bonding of floor covering used on Project.
3. Curing Compound: Apply uniformly in continuous operation by power spray or roller

according to manufacturer's written instructions. Recoat areas subjected to heavy
rainfall within three hours after initial application. Maintain continuity of coating and
repair damage during curing period.
a. After curing period has elapsed, remove curing compound without damaging
concrete surfaces by method recommended by curing compound manufacturer
Curing
4. Curing and Sealing Compound: Apply uniformly to floors and slabs indicated in a
continuous operation by power spray or roller according to manufacturer's written
instructions. Recoat areas subjected to heavy rainfall within three hours after initial
application. Repeat process 24 hours later and apply a second coat. Maintain
continuity of coating and repair damage during curing period.
3.14 Liquid Floor Treatments Not Used.
3.15 Manufacturer's Services
A. Provide manufacturer's representative at Site and Manufacturers' Field Services for
installation assistance, inspection, and certification of proper installation for
products specified.
B. Provide curing compound manufacturer's representative to demonstrate proper
application of curing compound to show coverage per coat.
END OF SECTION

Rev:C1
Date: 08-07-2014

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Structural Cast-in place Concrete Forming

Cast-in Place Concrete

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SECTION 03 00 00 CONCRETE GENERAL

Document No: 007-13410101-STR-SPE

Rapid determination of chloride permeability of concrete

CITY WALK - THE CLINIC

Resistance to degradation of larger size coarse aggregate by

Methods of testing cement.

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The structural use of concrete

Testing of concrete: Testing of hardened concrete

Test Method for the Coefficient of Linear Expansion of Concrete

PART 2 - PRODUCTS (not used)

PART 3 - EXECUTION (not used)

Document No: 007-13410101-STR-SPE

CITY WALK - THE CLINIC

SECTION 33 11 13 STRUCTURAL CAST-IN PLACE CONCRETE FORMING

document shall be read in conjunction with the following sections

Document No: 007-13410101-STR-SPE

CITY WALK - THE CLINIC

D. Quality Assurance Submittals:

Delivery, Storage and Handling

Document No: 007-13410101-STR-SPE

CITY WALK - THE CLINIC

Inspection and Testing

Acceptance of the Engineer

Document No: 007-13410101-STR-SPE

CITY WALK - THE CLINIC

Form Ties: Factory-fabricated, removable or snap-off metal or glass-fiber-reinforced plastic

Document No: 007-13410101-STR-SPE

CITY WALK - THE CLINIC

Document No: 007-13410101-STR-SPE

CITY WALK - THE CLINIC

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Preparation Of Formwork Before Concreting

Document No: 007-13410101-STR-SPE

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Vertical sides of beams, walls and columns

Field Quality Control

Document No: 007-13410101-STR-SPE

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1.10 Related Sections

CITY WALK - THE CLINIC

Document No: 007-13410101-STR-SPE

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All intersection shall be factory fabricated

Provide Primer Adhesive to secure water stop to concrete

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Waterstop Placement (Surface Application)

Document No: 007-13410101-STR-SPE

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Waterstop Placement (Internal Application)

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SECTION 03 21 00 REINFORCING STEEL

Section 03 00 00: Concrete General

Section 03 30 00: Cast In Place Concrete

Document No: 007-13410101-STR-SPE

CITY WALK - THE CLINIC

Delivery, Storage And Handling