MEMORY MACHINE

UNIT 1

NATURAL SCIENCE 1 ESO D

LIVING THINGS WHICH INHABIT

THE EARTH

La clula es la unidad bsica de la

vida capaz de realizar las tres
funciones vitales: nutricin, relacin
y reproduccin

Cell is the basic unit of life which is

able to perform the three vital
functions: nutrition, interaction and
reproduction

Dependiendo del nmero de clulas,

los
organismos
pueden
ser:
unicelulares (una sola clula, ejm.
bacterias) o pluricelulares (varias
clulas, ejm. seres humanos)

Depending on the number of cells,

organisms can be: unicellular (a
single
cell,e.g.
bacteria)
or
multicellular
(many
cells,e.g.
human beings)

Todos los organismos son diferentes All the organisms are different but
pero tienen algunas caractersticas they have got some characteristics
en comn:
in common:
1.Tienen una composicin qumica
similar

1.They have
composition

similar

2.Estn formados por clulas

2.They are made up cells

3.Realizan las tres funciones vitales

3.They perform
functions

the

chemical

three

vital

Aunque existen diferentes tipos de Although there are different types of

clulas,
todas
tienen cells, all of them have got some
caractersticas en comn:
characteristics in common:
1.Membrana plasmtica

1. Plasmatic membrane

2.Citoplasma

2.Cytoplasm

3.Material gentico (ADN)

3.Genetic material (ADN)

La membrana plasmtica es como

una bolsa muy delgada que rodea la
clula y controla las sustancias que
entra y salen de ella.

Plasmatic membrane is like a very

thin bag that surrounds the cell and
control which substances go in and
out of the cell.

El citoplasma es la sustancia
gelatinosa que constituye el interior
de la clula y en el que estn
dispersos los orgnulos.

Cytoplasm
is
the
gelatinous
substance by which is made of the
interior of the cell throughtout which
the organelles are dispersed.

El ADN es una sustancia qumica

que contiene las instrucciones para
el control celular y el material

DNA is a chemical substance which

carries the instructions for the
cellular control and the hereditary

hereditario.

material.

Existen
dos
tipos
de
dependiendo del ncleo:

clulas There are two kinds of

depending on the nucleus:

cells

A. Procariotas (sin ncleo)

A. Prokaryotes (without nucleus)

B. Eucariotas (con ncleo)

B. Eukaryotes (with nucleus)

B.1 Eucariota animal

B.1 Animal eukaryotic cell

B.2 Eucariota vegetal

B.2 Plant eukaryotic cell

Las clulas procariotas tienen pared

celular

Prokaryotic cells have got cell wall

Bacterias y
procariotas.

Bacteria and
prokaryotes.

cianobacterias

son

cyanobacteria

are

Los ribosomas son los nicos

orgnulos que se encuentran en el
citoplasma.

Ribosomes are the only organelles

found in the cytoplasm.

Los ribosomas sintetizan proteinas

The ribosomes synthesize proteins

Las clulas eucariotas tienen varios

orgnulos
dispersos
en
el
citoplasma,
tales
como,
mitocondrias,
retculo
endoplasmtico,
lisosomas,
vacuolas, aparato de Golgi,

Eukaryotic cells have got many

organelles
dispersed
in
the
cytoplasm, such as, mitocondria,
endoplasmic reticulum, lisosomes,
vacuoles, Golgi apparatus,

Solamente
podemos
centriolos
en
las
eucariotas animales

encontrar We can only find centrioles in animal

clulas eukaryotic cells

Solamente
podemos
encontrar
cloroplastos
en
las
clulas
eucariotas vegetales. En este tipo
de clulas las vacuolas son de gran
tamao y desplazan al ncleo hacia
el borde.

We can only find Chloroplasts in

plant eukaryotic cells. Vacuoles are
huge in size and the nucleus is
displaced to one side by vacuoles.

Las vacuolas almacenan agua y Vacuoles store

otras sustancias
substances

water

and

other

Las clulas eucariotas vegetales Plant eukaryotic cells possess a

poseen pared celular de celulosa cellulose cell wall (outside the cell

(exterior a la membrana plasmtica) membrane). It provides the cell with

que le proporciona proteccin y protection and support.
soporte.