Kha hc Luyn thi H-C mn Ting Anh Gio vin: Nguyn Ngc Anh

Conditional sentences and Inversion

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES AND INVERSION

(TI LIU THAM KHO)
y l ti liu tham kho Conditional sentences and Inversion thuc kha hc Luyn thi H-C mn Ting
Anh c Nguyn Ngc Anh. c th nm vng ton b kin thc n thi Tt nghip v i hc mn Ting Anh,
Bn nn tham gia kha hc Luyn thi H-C mn Ting Anh c Nguyn Ngc Anh ti Hocmai.vn

A. MT S CH V CU IU KIN
C th s dng mt s lien t ni sau thay th If trong tt c cc mnh iu kin:
As long as = so long as = provided that = providing that = supposing that = on the condition that
Unless + mnh (khng nh) = If + mnh (ph nh)
1. Conditional

If + clause 1 (hin ti n), clause 2 (tng lai n: S + will + do)

type 1
2. Conditional
type 2
3. Conditional

If + clause 1 (qu kh n), clause 2 (tng lai trong qu kh: S + would +

do)
If + clause 1 (qu kh hon thnh), clause 2 (S + would have done)

type 3

Ch :
1. Cu iu kin loi 2 vi ch ng gi It
- If it werent for + Noun/sb, clause (S + would(not) + do): Nu khng v /nu khng nh cth
Eg: If it werent for TV, rural people would have nothing to entertain in the evening.
- Supposed/Supposing that + clause 1 (qu kh n), clause 2 (tng lai trong qu kh: S + would + do)
Cm ny dng trong cu gi nh
2. Cu iu kin loi 3 vi ch ng gi It:
- If it hadnt been for + N, S + would have + P2: Nu khng v /nu khng nh c th
- But for + N = without + Noun: l rt gn ca mnh 1, 2, 3 ty vo ng cnh
- C th thay th would have bng cc Modal Verbs dng hon thnh.
3. Cu iu kin trn: l s kt hp gia cu iu kin loi 2 v loi 3 th hin s nui tic cho c hin
ti v qu kh.
If + clause 1 iu kin loi 3 (S + had done), clause 2 kt qu ca iu kin loi 2 (S + would do)
hoc S + might/could + do
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Conditional sentences and Inversion

(Ch : If it hadnt been for + N (= But for + N = without + noun)c th s dng trong cu iu kin
trn.)
Eg: If I hadnt bought the house, I might still live in an apartment now -> If it hadnt been for the house, I
might still live
If a policeman hadnt caught John, he wouldnt be in prison now -> If it hadnt been for the polices arrest,
he wouldnt be
4. Wish + clause (li 1 th so vi thc t) = If only + clause (li 1 th so vi thc t): gi m/c g
- c cho hin ti thay i, ta dng th qu kh v qu kh tip din.
- c cho qu kh thay i, ta dng th qu kh hon thnh.
- c cho tng li hoc phn nn v hin ti, ta s dng WOULD.
Eg: If only the neighbor ____ a pet fish, not a dog which always barks. would have.

5. In case + clause = In the event that + clause

Rt gn In case of + N = In the event of N: Phng khi, trnh trng hp, trong trng hp
Eg: In case it rains, take an umbrella In case of rain, take an umbrella.
6. Otherwise: Nu khng th, ngc li (ng u cu v trc du phy, ngm thay th cho mt mnh
iu kin loi 2 hoc 3; thnh phn sau Otherwise l kt qu ca 1 cu iu kin)
Eg: I didnt know you were asleep. Otherwise, I _____ so much noise when I came in. wouldnt have
made

B. INVERSION
o ng l hnh thc t tr ng t ln trc ch ng trong cu, mang ngha nhn mnh. Trong Ting
Anh thng c 2 cch o ng chnh:
Cch 1: a cc trng t ph nh cn thit ln u cu, tip t tr ng t trc ch ng ri cui cng
l mt ng t chnh ca cu
Adverb + auxiliary verbs (tr ng t) + S + main verb.
Cch 2. o c bit thay i trt t t, cm gii t ln trc ng t (chia gii t) v ch ng (cu trc
PVS)
Adverb (ch a ch/ni chn) + Verb (chia theo th) + S (phi l mt danh t)
Cch 1 c s dng rng ri nht vi nhiu hnh thc o khc nhau. Di y l nhng hnh thc o
ch yu:
* Php o vi cc trng t ph nh: never, rarely, seldom

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Conditional sentences and Inversion

- Dng ch yu th hin ti n, hin ti hon thnh, qu kh hon thnh hoc ng t khuyt thiu Can,
could
- a cc trng t ny ln u cu + tr ng t + ch ng + ng t chnh
Eg: I have never heard a weaker excuse Never have I heard a weaker excuse.
The economic situation had rarely been worse Rarely has the economic situation been worse.
I seldom stay in a worse hotel Seldom do I stay in a worse hotel.
* Php o din t 2 s vic lin tip xy ra: Hardly when
- Dng ch yu vi th qu kh hon thnh vi dch: Va mith.
Hardly/scarely/barely + clause 1 (QKHT o had + S + P2) + when/before + clause 2 (QK xui)
No sooner + clause 1 (QKHT o - had + S + P2) + than + clause 2 (QK xui)
Eg: 1. As soon as I came home in the evening I switched on the television.

No sooner had I come home in the evening than

2. Soon after they made the announcement share price began to rise.

Hardly had they made the announcement when

* Php o vi only khi only ng u cu hoc u mt v cu
Only when + clause 1 (xui) + clause 2 (o) : Ch khi
Only before/after + clause 1 (xui) + clause (o).: Ch sau khi/trc khi
Only if + clause 1 () + clause 2 (xui) : Ch nu khi
Only then/after + clause (mnh chnh o) : Ch bng cch/Ch sau khi/trc khi
Eg: 1. I didnt remember that I had forgotten to put on a stamp only after posting the letter.

Only after posting the letter did I remember that I had forgotten to put on a stamp.
2. You can only pass the exam by studying hard.

Only by studying hard can you pass the exam.

Ch : Lun thc hin php o v th 2 mnh chnh. Khng o trc tip sau trng t c Only. Lu
sau Only, danh t ch ngi, cu s khng o c. Eg: Only Ms. Rose satisfied all her students need.
* Php o c No ng u cu
- Under no circumstances + clause (mnh chnh o): trong bt k trng hp no cng khng
- At no time + clause (mnh chnh o): Khng lc no
- In no way + clause (mnh chnh o): Khng c cch no
- On no account/on no condition + clause (mnh chnh o): Khng c l do g
Eg:
1. You shouldnt phone the police under any circumstances
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Conditional sentences and Inversion

Under no circumstances should you phone the police.

2. They wont be aware of the danger at any time.

At no time will they be aware of the danger.

* Php o vi So v Such: trong cu trc qu.n ni m
So + adj + to be + S + that + clause
Such + to be + S + that + clause
Eg: 1. The problem was so difficult that we couldnt find the solution to it.

So difficult was the problem that we couldnt

Such was the difficulty of the problem that we couldnt find the solution to it.
* Php o vi cu iu kin
1

Conditional type 1

If + clause 1 (hin ti n), clause 2 (tng lai n: S + will + do)

Should + S + V, clause 2 (tng lai n: S + will + do)

Eg: If I study hard, I will pass the exam easily.

Should I study hard, I will pass the

2

Conditional type 2

If + clause 1 (qu kh n), clause 2 (tng lai trong qu kh: S + would + do)

Were + S + to do + clause 2 (tng lai trong qu kh: S + would + do)

Eg: If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.

Were I to have a lot of money now, I would

Ch : Khi ng t chnh ca mnh If l to be th ch cn b If, o were ln
trc ch ng.
Eg: If were you, I wouldnt be lazy Were you, I would not be lazy.
3

Conditional type 3

If + clause 2 (qu kh hon thnh), clause 2 (S + would have done)

Had + S + done, S + would have done hoc Were + S + O + to have done, S

+ would have done.
Eg: If I had known the truth, I would have told you.

Had I known the truth, I would have told you.

* Php o vi not ng u cu hoc u v cu
Cu xui

Cu o

It was not until + time (thi im) + that + Not until + time (thi im) + mnh o
clause

Eg: It was not until 2011 that we met Ms. Rose.

Not until 2011 did we met Ms. Rose.

It was not until + clause 1 + that + clause 2

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Not until + clause 1 + clause 2 (o).

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Kha hc Luyn thi H-C mn Ting Anh Gio vin: Nguyn Ngc Anh

Conditional sentences and Inversion

Eg: It was not until we met Maria that we made progress in

E.
Not until we met Ms. Rose did we make progress E.
* Php o vi trng t ph nh: little, hardly, seldom = rarely, never = at no time, no longer
- Little: Ch dng vi nhng ng t ch s suy ngh nh: think, know, believe, understand
- Cch o: Little + tr ng t khng nh + S + V
Eg: I dont know much about the meeting Little do I know about the meeting.
- Cc trng ng ph nh ng u cu th theo sau l cu o.
Eg: I no longer play game online. No longer do I play game online.
* Php o dng rt gn ch s tn thnh hay khng ng : So, neither = nor
So: dng ng tnh vi cu khng nh; neither nor dng ng tnh vi 1 cu ph nh
So + tr ng t/to be / modal verb + S
Eg: A: Im a student.
B: Im a student, too So am I.
A. I dont like him.
B. I dont like him, either. Neither do I.
Gio vin: Nguyn Ngc Anh
Ngun:

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