Computer Programming (TMK 3102) Lecture Notes 9

9.
Array
Knowledge:
Understand the execute technique of array
Skill:
Can write application program using one and two dimensional
array
Why Array?
Consider the following..(recall)
 Assume that you were asked to write a

program that accept 10 student marks,
calculating average mark, and then print out
number of students that get more than
average mark.
 How to store all these marks?
2 TMK3102 – PENGATURCARAAN KOMPUTER JUL 2006/2007

Solution Without Array (1/6)
public class Average {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//variables declaration
int mark1,mark2,mark3,mark4,mark5;
int mark6,mark7,mark8,mark9,mark10;
int studentNumbers, totalMark;
float markAverage;
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
Variables Declaration
//get student mark
System.out.print(“Mark 1:”);
mark1 = input.nextInt();
4
Get Inputs TMK3102 – PENGATURCARAAN KOMPUTER JUL 2006/2007
//get student mark
What would happen if there were 1000 students?

//calculate total marks
totalMarks = mark1 + mark2 + mark3 + mark4
+ mark5 + mark6 + mark7 + mark8 + mark9
+ mark10;
//calculate average mark

markAverage = totalMark/10;

//calculate number of student above average
if (mark1 > markAverage) studentNumber++;

//print the result
System.out.println(“number of student that

get more than average = “ +
studentNumber);
}
}

Array (Definitions)
 Instead of using 10 variables to represent 10 student
marks,another technique is using one-dimensional
array for storing a list of marks.
 Array is a collection of memory location that is used
for storing data with the same type. Each memory
location in array is referred by array’s name and
location memory index.

Array VS Normal Variables
mark
 Normal Variable
int mark;
mark
mark[0]
mark[1]
 Array Variable mark[2]
int[] mark = new int[10]; mark[3]
mark[4]
mark[5]
mark[6]
mark[7]
mark[8]
mark[9]
Indices (Subscript)(1/2)
mark  Single element in array
is retrieved using index
[0] 67
 Indices start from 0;
A [1] 76
r
the 1st element of an
[2] 34 array mark is referred to
r
a [3] 47 as mark[0] and the n-th
y [4] 54 element as mark[n-1].
[5] 82
I  An index can have any
n [6] 38 int value from 0 to
d [7] 63 array’s length - 1.
e
[8] 72
x
[9] 24
Indices (Subscript)(2/2)
 An index is written within square
mark brackets after array’s name
[0] 67  To retrieve 1st element in array

[1] 76 element1=mark[0];
[2] 34
Array Index
[3] 47
 To retrieve 6th element in array.
[4] 54 element6=mark[5];
[5] 82
[6] 38 Array Index
[7] 63  To retrieve nth element in array
[8] 72 elementn=mark[n-1];
[9] 24
Declare One Dimensional Array (1/3)
 Syntax 1
DataType [ ] variableName = new DataType[arraysize
of type integer]
 Example :
define an array variable called monthName of
type String with length 12
String[ ] monthName = new String[12];

 Syntax 2
DataType [ ] variableName;
variableName = new DataType[arraySize of type integer]
 Example :
define an array variable called studentNum of type integer
with length indicate by user input;
int length;
int[ ] studentNum;
length = input.nextInt();
studentNum = new int[length];

n items
 Syntax 3
DataType [ ] variableName = {value1, value2. value3….};
where n items automatically defined as an array length
 Example :
define an array variable called keyCode of type integer that
contains 1,6,7,3,4,2,1 as it values;
int[ ] keyCode ={1,6,7,3,4,2,1}
What is the length/size of array keyCode?

Instance Variable length
 For each array that has been instantiated, there

is a variable called length
 The variable length contains the size of the array.
 The variable length can be directly accessed in a
program using the array name and the dot
operator.
<arrayName>.length

length Example
EXAMPLE 1:
int[ ] mark = new int[4];

mark.length 4
System.out.println(“the size of mark’s array is”+ mark.length);
OUTPUT:
the size of mark’s array is 4
snakeLocation.length 10
EXAMPLE 2: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
int[ ] snakeLocation = {10,23,34,49,66,83,86,90,95,99};
System.out.println(“the size of array snakeLocation is”+ snakeLocation.length);
OUTPUT:
the size of snakeLocation’s array is 10

Processing One Dimensional Array
 Using loops to step through elements in array and

perform the operations.
declarations
int [] list = new int [100];
int i;
Using for loop to assign an input into the array

for (i=0;i< list.length;i++)
list[i] = input.nextInt();
Using for loop to display all elements in array

for (i = 0; i < list.length; i++)
for (i=0;i< list.length;i++)
System.out.print(list[i] + " ");
System.out.println(list[i] + “ “);

Common Operation on Array (1)
Initialize an array to a specific value
double[] sales = new double[4];

for (index = 0; index < sales.length;
index++)
sales[index] = 10.0;
sales[2]=16.0;

Initialize an array to a specific value
double[] sales = new double[4];
for (index = 0; index < sales.length;index++)

sales[index] = 10.0; sales[2]=10.0
sales[3]=10.0
sales[0]=10.0
sales[1]=10.0
sales[2]=16.0;
index sales.length
14320 4 false
true
sales
[0] 10.0
?
[1] 10.0
?
[2] 16.0
10.0
?
[3] 10.0
?

Read data into an array
for (index = 0; index < sales.length; index++){

System.out.print(“Total Sales for Month “+(index+1)+ “:”);
sales[index] = input.nextDouble();
}

Read data into an array
014
2
3 < 4 truefalse
for (index = 0; index < sales.length; index++){
System.out.print(“Total Sales for Month “+(index+1)+ “:”);
sales[index] = input.nextDouble();
}
Total Sales for Month 1 : 15.7

sales Total Sales for Month 2 : 19.7
0 10.0
15.7
1 19.7
10.0
2 0.57
16.0
3 10.0
13.0
Print the contains of the array
System.out.println(“Month” + “ “ + “ Total Sales”);
for (index = 0; index < sales.length; index++)

System.out.println((index+1) + “ “ +sales[index]");
Month Total Sales

sales 1 15.7
2 19.7
3 0.57
0 15.7 4 13.0
1 19.7
2 0.57
3 13.0
Print the contains of the array
System.out.println(“Month” + “ “ + “ Total Sales”);
43120 < 4 true
false
System.out.println((index+1) + “ “ +sales[index]");
Month Total Sales

sales 1 15.7
2 19.7
3 0.57
0 15.7 4 13.0
1 19.7
2 0.57
3 13.0
Find sum and average of array
sum = 0;

sum = sum + sales[index];
if (sales.length != 0)
average = sum / sales.length;
else
average = 0.0;
sales sum average
48.97
35.4
15.7
35.97
0 12.2425
0 15.7
1 19.7
2 0.57
25 3 13.0
TMK3102 – PENGATURCARAAN KOMPUTER JUL 2006/2007
Find sum and average of array
sum = 0;
43210 < 4 true
false
sum = sum + sales[index];
if (sales.length != 0) true
average = sum / sales.length; 48.97/4
else
average = 0.0;
sales sum average
48.97
35.4
15.7
35.97
0 12.2425
0 15.7
1 19.7
2 0.57
26 3 13.0
Determining largest element in array
maxIndex = 0;
if (sales[maxIndex] < sales[index])

maxIndex = index;
largestSale = sales[maxIndex];
sales
largeSale 19.7
0 15.7
1 19.7
2 0.57
27 3 13.0
Determining largest element in array
maxIndex = 0; maxIndex 10
4213 < 4 false

true
15.7
19.7 < 19.7
13.0
0.57 true
false
if (sales[maxIndex] < sales[index])
maxIndex = index;
largestSale = sales[maxIndex];
sales
largeSale 19.7
0 15.7
1 19.7
2 0.57
28 3 13.0
Copying Arrays
The System.arraycopy() method
//original array
int ori[] = {1,2,3,4,5,,6};
//destination array
int dest[] = {10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1};
//copy all of the ori array to the dest array,

//starting with index 0
System.arraycopy(ori,0,dest,0,ori.length);
//result
dest has the following contents 1,2,3,4,5,6,4,3,2,1

Array Index Out of Bounds(1/2)
 An array is in bounds if:

0 <= index <= arraySize – 1
 If index < 0 or index > arraySize:

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException exception is
thrown

Array Index Out of Bounds(2/2)

RelationalOperator
Relational Operators Arrays
and Array (1/2)
int[] listA = new int[3];

int[] listB = new int[3];
if (listA == listB)
...
 The expression listA == listB determines if the values

of listA and listB are the same, thus determining
whether listA and listB refer to the same array.
 To determine whether listA and listB contain the same

elements, you need to compare them element by element.

RelationalOperator
Relational Operators Arrays
and Array (2/2)
int[] listA = new int[4];

int[] listB = new int[3];
if (listA == listB) false
listB = listA;
if (listA == listB) true

listA listB
0 15.7 0 15.7
1 19.7 1 19.7
2 0.57 2 0.57
33 3 13.0
Multi Dimensional Array
Arrray of arrays
int twoDim[] = new int [4][];
twoDim[0] = new int[2];
twoDim
0 34
2 1 19
twoDim[0] 0
1 19
twoDim[1]
0 23
twoDim[2]
1 19
twoDim[3]
2 0 twoDim[1][1]

Relational
Example Operators
of Array UsageArrays
(1)
write a program that accept 10 student

marks, calculating mark average, and then
print out number of students that get
more than mark average.

Example of Array Usage (1/7)
1. start
2. Get student mark
1. Repeat 3 times
1. Get student mark and store in array
3. Calculate total mark
1. While not end of array
1. Get element in the array
2. Add the element to the sum
4. Calculate average mark
1. Average = sum / size of array
5. Calculate number of student over average
1. While not end of array
1. Get element in array
2. Compare element with the average
1. If greater or equal than
1. Increase numberOf StudentoverAverage by 1
6. Display Result
7. End

//1.start
import java.util.Scanner;
public class StudentOverAverage {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//declaration
int[] mark = new int[3];
int sum = 0;
int index ;
int average = 0;
int numberOfStudentOverAverage=0;
Scanner input = new Scanner (System.in);

//2. Get student mark

// 1. Repeat 3 times
// 1.Get student mark and store in array
for (index=0;index < mark.length;index++){

System.out.println(“Enter Marks “ + (index+1));
mark[index] = input.getInt();
}

//3. Calculate total mark

// 1.While not end of array
// 1.Get element in the array
// 1.Add the element to the sum

sum = sum + mark[index]
}

//4.Calculate average mark

// 1. Average = sum / size of array
average = sum / mark.length;

//5. Calculate number of student over average

// 1. While not end of array
// 1. Get element in array
// 1. Compare element with the average
// 2. If greater or equal than
// 1.Increase
// numberOfStudentoverAverage by 1

if (mark[index] >= average)
numberOfStudentOverAverage++;
}

//6. Display Result

System.out.println(“Number of student over
avegare are: “ + numberOfStudentOverAverage );
//7. end
}
}

Case Study
100 students were asked to rate the

quality of the food in the student
cafeteria on a scale of 1 to 10 (1 means
awful and 10 means excellent). Based on
the response,
1. summarize the result of the poll.
eq:
Rank Frequency Histogram
1 12 ************
2 5 *****
2. Calculate the Min, mode and median.

Computer Programming (TMK 3102) Lecture Notes 9

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9.

 Assume that you were asked to write a

2 TMK3102 – PENGATURCARAAN KOMPUTER JUL 2006/2007

What would happen if there were 1000 students?

//calculate average mark

What would happen if there were 1000 students?

What would happen if there were 1000 students?

System.out.println(“number of student that

8 TMK3102 – PENGATURCARAAN KOMPUTER JUL 2006/2007

9 TMK3102 – PENGATURCARAAN KOMPUTER JUL 2006/2007

[0] 67  To retrieve 1st element in array

String[ ] monthName = new String[12];

13 TMK3102 – PENGATURCARAAN KOMPUTER JUL 2006/2007

14 TMK3102 – PENGATURCARAAN KOMPUTER JUL 2006/2007

where n items automatically defined as an array length

int[ ] keyCode ={1,6,7,3,4,2,1}

What is the length/size of array keyCode?

 For each array that has been instantiated, there

16 TMK3102 – PENGATURCARAAN KOMPUTER JUL 2006/2007

int[ ] mark = new int[4];

17 TMK3102 – PENGATURCARAAN KOMPUTER JUL 2006/2007

 Using loops to step through elements in array and

Using for loop to assign an input into the array

Using for loop to display all elements in array

18 TMK3102 – PENGATURCARAAN KOMPUTER JUL 2006/2007

double[] sales = new double[4];

19 TMK3102 – PENGATURCARAAN KOMPUTER JUL 2006/2007

for (index = 0; index < sales.length;index++)

20 TMK3102 – PENGATURCARAAN KOMPUTER JUL 2006/2007

for (index = 0; index < sales.length; index++){

21 TMK3102 – PENGATURCARAAN KOMPUTER JUL 2006/2007

Total Sales for Month 1 : 15.7

for (index = 0; index < sales.length; index++)

Month Total Sales

Month Total Sales

for (index = 0; index < sales.length; index++)

for (index = 1; index < sales.length; index++)

if (sales[maxIndex] < sales[index])

4213 < 4 false

The System.arraycopy() method

//copy all of the ori array to the dest array,

29 TMK3102 – PENGATURCARAAN KOMPUTER JUL 2006/2007

 An array is in bounds if:

 If index < 0 or index > arraySize:

30 TMK3102 – PENGATURCARAAN KOMPUTER JUL 2006/2007

31 TMK3102 – PENGATURCARAAN KOMPUTER JUL 2006/2007

int[] listA = new int[3];

 The expression listA == listB determines if the values

 To determine whether listA and listB contain the same

32 TMK3102 – PENGATURCARAAN KOMPUTER JUL 2006/2007

int[] listA = new int[4];

if (listA == listB) false

if (listA == listB) true

34 TMK3102 – PENGATURCARAAN KOMPUTER JUL 2006/2007

write a program that accept 10 student

35 TMK3102 – PENGATURCARAAN KOMPUTER JUL 2006/2007

36 TMK3102 – PENGATURCARAAN KOMPUTER JUL 2006/2007

37 TMK3102 – PENGATURCARAAN KOMPUTER JUL 2006/2007

//2. Get student mark

for (index=0;index < mark.length;index++){

38 TMK3102 – PENGATURCARAAN KOMPUTER JUL 2006/2007

//3. Calculate total mark

for (index=0;index < mark.length;index++){