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Quark
Globule
Rotation
of quark
Loop carrying
gluon particle
Different sub atomic particles are formed from the quarks in different way when the
atoms are disintegrated. The electromagnetic wave loops emitted from atoms make
bond by mutual interaction. The electromagnetic wave loops which are emitted towards
the center of an object make bond among the atoms and which are emitted outwards
from an atom, carry gravitational force. The bonding strength created by these loops at
any point is inversely proportional to the square of the distance multiplied by i.e.
. Where F is force and d is distance from the center.
Atom
Atom
Bonding of
loops
Planet
Sun
Sun
Planet
Sun
Planet
Planet
Sun
5. New laws and explanation for Comets go far away and comes closer to the Sun. If
we consider that the perpendicular line to the direction of centripetal force which joins the
center of centrifugal force (R2) and the opposite direction of centripetal force as Rotational
Lever (R'2 R2). If we again consider that the distance between the center of centrifugal force
and the center of centripetal force along the line of centripetal force as Eccentric
Distance(R'2 E2) as shown in figure below:
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Rotation of planet
Rotation of Sun
6. New explanation about the forces tend to move the planet round the sun. The
centrifugal force from the sun acts in a curved path which is outward from the sun. This
force is generated due to the rotation of sun.
SUN
Sun
st
21 March
23rd September
22 December
The center of centrifugal force remains outside the center of mass in the direction of
centrifugal force which is shown below:
SUN
Planet
The center of the centrifugal force and the center of the centripetal force remain closer
from the center of mass in a planet when the planet is away from the sun and moving in
an elliptical path. In this position, the length of Eccentric Distance (R2 E2) and the length
of Rotational Lever (R2 R2) is minimum. The motion of a planet depends on the ratio of
its mass and acting force including Eccentric Distance and Rotational lever.
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Rotation of planet
Planet
Rotation of sun
SUN
Fig-14: Forces acting when the planets are away from sun
In both the cases, the center of centrifugal force and the center of the centripetal force
do not remain in a straight line which is passing through the center of mass. That is why
the planets are moving on their own axis because, both the center of forces tends to
come in a line which is passing through the center of mass. The length of Eccentric
Distance, the length of Rotational Lever and acting resultant force in a planet varies with
the size, distance from the sun and position in the orbit.
c
Center of mass
7. New explanation for the movement of some comets in the opposite direction of
Suns rotation. Actually the comets do not move directly on the opposite direction of
suns rotation. Due to the variation in centrifugal and centripetal force, the comets go away
from the sun and come closer to the sun at an angle and move on the opposite direction of
suns rotation and apparently, it seemed to be moving in the opposite direction. These
comets get forward motion from the variation in value and the direction of resultant force of
centrifugal force and centripetal force. The mass, velocity and eccentricity of the comet
determines the wave length of this wave like path. Two runs of a comet moving in opposite
direction to the Suns rotation are shown in the figure below:
Path of comet
Sun
was formed like other stars. The dead stars near the central region of the cloud became the
part of the sun. On the other hand, due to the rotation of central region, the centrifugal force
started acting on the dead stars coming towards the center from outer region. Due to the
variation of centrifugal and centripetal force, the dead stars started orbiting the sun and
became the planets of the sun. In the same way some dead stars became the satellites of
the planets. And the clouds which were away from the central region were by the central
region and became the part of the sun. Inner planets and their satellites may be captured in
this way.
(ii) Like other stars, after forming, the sun along with the initially captured planets and
satellites was also moving in the space. As the planets are small in size than the sun, the
value of the ratio of mass and acting resultant force is more in the dead stars than the sun.
So, the velocities and eccentricity of dead stars at nearest orbits were more than the sun.
As a result, the dead stars came closer to the sun from rear side and attracted by the suns
gravitational force one by one. Just after being captured, due to the variation in centrifugal
and centripetal force, some dead stars started moving round the sun and became the
planets and some dead stars started moving round the planets and became the satellites.
Outer planets and their satellites may be captured in this way.
9. Jet hypothesis The origin of universe:
Energy, time and space are infinite in
the nature. Hydrogen atoms were created in the space from energy. Clouds were formed by
the accumulation of hydrogen atoms. Due to the gravitational force large amount of clouds
collapsed at a point and the stars were formed in different places at different times. Due to
the effect of centripetal force and lack of centrifugal force, these stars started falling at a
point and the rotation of stars started around that point like a cyclone, and the galaxies
were formed. A number of galaxies fell at a point to form the cluster of galaxies. In the same
way, due to the effect of centripetal force and lack of centrifugal force, all the clouds, stars,
galaxies and clusters of galaxies fell at a point.
While all these matters were falling at a point, a circular movement of these matters started
around that point like the center of a large active galaxy. We may consider the matters of
central region as dark matter as they are highly gravitationally compressed under highly
rotating motion. Matters are still falling into the accretion disk of the central region. Due to
the rotation or the frame dragging and interaction of electromagnetic wave loops at the
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center, the accreted matters are converted into energy and sub atomic particles and
escaped through the two poles of rotational axis like the polar jets or relativistic jets of a
large active galaxy. The jets thus escaped are the black jets and contain higher frequency
electromagnetic waves and disintegrated sub atomic particles with high velocity at high
temperature and density. So, we may consider this jets as the source of dark matter and
dark energy. As the energy is escaped from the center of a large object, the velocity and
frequency of the energy is more. The velocity of radiation of the energy may be faster than
the velocity of light. Our visible universe is a tiny part of a jet which is escaped from a pole
of the universe. Thus the shape of our part of the universe is a conical sphere which is
continuously expanding outwards like the shape of a big loud speaker.
The cosmic microwave background radiation is the radiation from a pole of the universe
which is located at the back. It radiates as a pulse. We receive the radiation from all the
direction because of the refraction and reflection of the energy and rotation of the solar
system, galaxies and cluster of galaxies. The central region rotates faster in larger objects
to conserve the angular momentum of a wider area as the objects are coming from far
away. So the interaction of electromagnetic wave loops are more in the center of larger
objects and thus the frequency of the energy which is radiated from the two poles of the
universe are more like a dynamo. As the size of the centers of all the objects are same and
larger objects produce more electromagnetic energy, the center of larger objects can hold
the charge for less time and that is why the duration of radiation pulse of electromagnetic
energy which is radiated from the poles of the universe is less. According to the 2 nd law of
thermodynamics, this energy is radiated in the region of conical sphere in such a manner
that it tries to maintain equal temperature in all areas.
New atoms, clouds, stars and also galaxies are formed from the energy depending on the
temperature and density and thus the universe is homogeneous and isotropic in the visible
region. As the energy is radiated from the pole towards forward and sideways in the region
of conical sphere, there is a little variation in temperature between the pole and forward and
between the center of the conical sphere and the sides. Due to the temperature variation,
the energy is radiated outwards and the drag force acts in a slightly curved path. That is
why the objects are getting continuous force to rotate and move forward. Thus the universe
is accelerating and the orientation of our solar system and the galaxies and cluster of
galaxies are same in the visible universe.
Because of the action of drag force all the stars, galaxies and cluster of galaxies
continuously get rotary motion and forward motion in the Polar Regions. The disc region
does not require drag force. They are moving around the central region due to the variation
of centripetal and centrifugal force. As the position of our galaxy is in, one of the polar
region, so we are going away from the center of the universe.
The objects which are moving outwards from the Polar Regions return to the central region
again through an elliptical or parabolic path and the system continues. We may consider
the central region as a black hole. There may be infinite number of universes outside our
universe.
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All the questions related to universe may be answered from this model and all the
mathematical equations and observational evidences about the universe may fit to this new
model.
10. Theory of Everything. The electromagnetic wave loops or light is the basic of all forces.
The electromagnetic wave loops make bond among the quarks of an atom as strong force.
They make bond among the atoms of an object as weak force. They also make bond
among the objects of the universe as gravitational force. The electromagnetic energy is
transmitted through medium or empty space with the help of electromagnetic wave loops.
The bonding strength created by these loops at any point is inversely proportional to the
square of the distance multiplied by i.e.
. Where F is strength and d is the
distance from the center.
11. Conclusion.
The above new ideas are the result of my 25 years research and
observations. I welcome you all to prove the new ideas. I hope that some of the new ideas
will be proved in near future. If these new ideas are helpful in any way to the physics
community then I shall be able to forget all the sufferings which I had to face in doing this.
Reference:
1. Paromanu Hote Mohabishwa O Oikkoboddho Tattwa (From atom to universe and the
theory of unification) by Lt Cdr Md Abdul Alim,(N),BN.
Abdul Alim
E-mail: alim40406@yahoo.com
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