TE DAS for Rail and Tunnels

April 2, 2014

TE DAS and Small Cell Solutions

20.000+ TE DAS Deployments
INDOORS

MDU/High Rise

Healthcare

Hospitality

OUTDOORS

Large Enterprise

Stadiums

Convention Center

Campus

Maritime

Urban Core

Airports

Rail

Canyons & Coastal

page 2 /

TE DAS Coverage & Capacity Solutions

Network Edge; In-building, Near-building, Outdoor
Residential

Small/Medium
Business
Stadium
Coverage

Street-level
InterReach
Accel
FlexWave
Prism

FlexWave
Prism

Courtyard
Covered Parking

FlexWave
Prism

FlexWave
Prism

Base Station
Hotel

InterReach
Fusion
FlexWave
Prism

FlexWave
Prism

InterReach
Fusion
FlexWave
Prism

FlexWave
Prism

Retail
Buildings
Subway

FlexWave
Prism

FlexWave
Prism

Enterprise

Hospitality
Underground
Coverage

Residential

InterReach Prism
Market-leading High Power, Digital Indoor and Outdoor DAS

High Power DAS Solutions

FlexWave Prism
Multi-Band Highpower DAS
TE's FlexWave Prism is a new compact radio head for macro gap
coverage that supports up to four frequencies delivering highperformance coverage with end-to-end management.
All Digital Transport
Superior signal quality and long fiber runs
Digital Simulcast
Digital Delay Setting
Supports 2G, 3G, and 4G services within single RAN; SISO and MIMO
Supports up to four frequencies per RAN

Remote Units

Centralize BTS Resources

Increase proximity of services to end users

Supports Multi Operator Solutions

WiFi Backhaul

Host Unit

Free

DCS
Free

UMTS
DCS
Free

GSM
UMTS
DCS
Free

Prism Remote

DCS

UMTS

GSM

Prism Remote

UMTS

GSM

Prism Remote

GSM

Prism Remote

GSM
UMTS

DCS
Free

Prism Remote

The Flexwave Prism

Host

Prism, DAS

Limited HW impact on-site

Easy zoning
Fast deployment
Centralized Base Station Hotels
Simulcast
Adjustable digital delay
Digital distribution, no degradation over distance
Street deployment provides deep indoor coverage
Provides high quality and data speed
Transmission; SMF star or daisy chain
GSM, DCS, UMTS, HSPA, LTE

BS1
BS
BS

Base Station Hotel

Band or sector-1
Band or sector-2
Band or sector-3
Band or sector-4

Host 19
Prism Outdoor unit,
tri-band

Benefits of Digital Transport

Superior Dynamic Range

No signal corruption or
clipping
Superior voice quality
Higher data rates

Higher SNR

Superior Signal to Noise Ratio Performance

Higher data rates

Better spectral utilization
Wider coverage areas

NOISE FIGURE

Superior signal strength

RF Noise Figure

Analog
Digital

FIBER SIGNAL LOSS

Digital Optical
Budget

TE Prism IP / WiFi Backhaul

Remote Locations

CO Location

Remote Unit

WiFi AP

WiFi AP

WiFi Controller

IP Router
Host Unit

Fiber Optic

The Remote Unit has a network port to provide a 100Mb Ethernet link between the Host Unit and Remote Unit.
The network port is type 10/100/1000 Base T / TX MDI and requires CAT5 min.
This link can be used for any IP application:
Wireless Backhaul - IP Camera - Transport of ancillary equipment alarms (UPS)

MIMO

1800
MIMO

800

2100
900

1800

2600
MIMO

2100
1800

2600

1800

800

900

2100

Prism Remotes
HDM Chassis

Small Cells, solution or problem?

Small cells
Capacity is tied to the coverage footprint of
each cell
No load sharing or distribution of capacity

among cells

Small cells are individual islands of coverage

and capacity, no load sharing this is very
inefficient

There is a better way..

Small Cells, solution or problem?

ODAS simulcast
More efficient support of capacity
Larger hotspot area support
Lower OPEX (less license cost to OEM

Limit Handovers and potential drops

Adaptable capacity / coverage footprints
Can support Cell corridors of fast moving
DAS is much more efficient use of resources

traffic, railway, motorways etc.

Small Cells vs. DAS, used on rail

Traditional cells on rail
HO and signaling issues, multiple mobiles handing over at the same time
Dropped calls
Many cells needed to provsion for HO Zones

DAS on rail
Creating Cell-corridors solves the issues
Reconfigurable remotely
Only way for high speed rail

Digital DAS is the answer....

Distributed Base Stations

Inefficient Capacity

HO Nightmare

Need Space for BS

Hard to upgrade

Static capacity

TE Prism DAS

Effective Capacity use

Limited HO

No for BS

Easy to upgrade

Dynamic, future proof

Digital Simulcast
Prism has the industry only digital simulcast feature
Maximize radio utilization, simulcast up to 8 Remotes per BTS Sector
Digital features enable the addition of capacity & directing it through the EMS to the needed hot spots
without adding antenna sites or truck rolls
Digital delay feature allows full simulcast adjustment without fiber spooling

Coverage when & where needed

No need to throw capacity at a coverage issue

Add Capacity when Needed Without

Adding Antenna Sites

Maximize Radio Utilization Day 1

Sector 6

Capacity Changes
over Time
Sector 1

Sector 2 Sector 3

Sector 4

Sector 2
Sector 1

Sector 3
Sector 5

Each Cell Represents a Prism Remote

Sector 4

Prism applications for High Speed Rail

The High Speed Train Challenge

Penetration loss
One of the main challanges is the penetration loss into the train
From the side(A), it is only the window loss (typically 5-20dB)
From the longitudinal direction (A2, B) the penetration loss is typically
30-50dB
Thie penetration loss ditactes the Link Budget, thus the distance
between the serving Base Stations

The High Speed Train Challenge for Base Stations

The Handover Zones
We will need to procvide sufficient overlap between the cells to service the
handover zone.
This is a big challange espicially for high speed train service

The High Speed Train Challenge for Base Stations

The Handover Zones
We will need to procvide sufficient overlap between the cells to service the
handover zone.
This is a big challange espicially for high speed train service
The speed of the train is also a challange due to the dopler effect
Base stations along the track is poor performing and a bad buisness case

BTS used along a rail line

Calculating the number of needed base stations
15meters mast. 40 dB of penetration loss, roughly a BTS for every 4 km along the track, or even closer.
A 350km/h high speed train will move at 97.2meters per second,
This leads to a handover every 41 seconds (4000meters/97.2 = 41.1seconds). keeping in mind that we
calculated a needed handover zone of 1750meter
if we need to provide 18 seconds of valid HO zone (incl. re-tries we would then need 18 x 97.2 = 1750
meters of valid overlapping HO zone, and remember that throughout the zone both cells (serving and
candidate) would need to have sufficient level to fulfil the HO trigger and provide signalling etc.
So even if you calculate the signal level to reach 4000m you will have to space the base stations
according to the overlap with an inter distance of the base stations of 4000-1750= 2250meters almost
doubling the number of needed base stations, heavily increasing the cost.
If we take an example of 100km of track under the above conditions for a high speed rail you would have
a need to deploy 45 base stations, 90 sectors and 90 handover zones to optimize and potentially dropped
calls.
If we are designing for multiple technologies, could be 3G and 2G in the same deployment, then we need
to realize that we have to design for the weakest link, so if one system could do with a base station
spacing of 5000meters, the other 4000meters then we would have to space the base stations
4000meters apart slightly overdesigning one system

STC
Presentati

The High Speed Train Challenge

Prism DAS
Via simulcast over several remote units, TE prism will limit the needed handover
zones
In the handover zone, the prism remote unit will broadcast both serving cell and
handover candidate with controled level offset
This solves the handover problem
By deploying the remote units away from the track, the penetration loss improves
and the dopler effect is minimized,

Prism used along a rail line

If we assume the same location and power level from the Prism DAS as for the distributed base stations
the difference is quite apparent.
For Base Stations we calculated a need for 45 base station locations in order to cover 100km of rail track,
dictated by the need for the 1750m overlap between the sectors to assure a sufficient handover zone.
With no handover zone we do not need to space the remote units 2250meters apart due to the need of
the handover zone, but can actually place them 4000meters apart as we assumed in the link budget. In
effect you will then only need 25 remote units not 45 base station locations this is a significant saving
on the implementation budget.
However there is more to it; assuming we simulcast the same sectors over 4 remote units we would only
need about 16 sectors, not 90 sectors like in the case of the base station.
This significantly limits the number of handovers and possible dropped calls and with the controlled
handover zone by utilizing simulcast of the Prism DAS these handovers would be much better
performing.
The Prism DAS can be optimized in terms of digital delay adjustment between the RUs simulcasting the
same cell. Not possible with any other DAS

TE Prism DAS will save roll out cost and will be better performing than Base Station roll out

STC Presentation 2011 only for INTERNAL use in STC

Network Solutions

FlexWave Small Cell Aggregation, Transport &

Distribution
Baseband Pool
(BTS, etc.)

Distributed & Connected Small Cell Radio Heads

Universal Host Unit

DART
DART

DART
DART

CDIU

10
Gbps

10 Gbps Transport
2G
3G
4G

SISO
MIMO
LTE-A

RF input for legacy services

Direct CPRI input from BBU

page 25

TE Fiber Distribution Solutions

Host-to-Host Capabilities
RF Aggregation

RF Transport

RF Distribution

Central Office

CWDM,
DWDM,
or
SLC

1 to 8

2G, 3G, 4G
Base Station
Independent

1 to 8

CWDM,
DWDM,
or
SLC

1 to 8
Prism Host Units

Protocol / BS Vendor Independent Host

Expansion Units and Amplifier (2W)

1 to 8 BS Inputs /
Sectors per Host

Up to 600 MHz
Digital RF per Host

Optical Multiplex to Reduce

to Single Fiber Pair

Protocol & BS Vendor

Agnostic

Analog to Digital or
Digital to Digital
Services Aggregation

Up to 40 or 3 GHz of
bandwidth over 60 Gbps
line rate

Multi-Band / Tennant / Service Host

Expansion Unit and Amplifier (2W)

Efficient Digital RF Transport from BTS hotels to venues for

driving iDAS solutions
Information is TE Confidential & Proprietary
Do Not Reproduce or Distribute

page 27

CPH Metro

The Copenhagen Metro Facts

The TE DAS covers the underground section of two 9 km parallel tracks as well as 8 underground
stations, in the center of Copenhagen, providing service in the most important part of the metro
system and connects Copenhagen City to the airport
The Metro and DAS services more than 1.000.000 passengers per week

The TE DAS Solution for CPH Metro

The Metro tunnels are covered using 1
radiating cable

Prism Remote Units feeds the cable ,

separated at about 600 meters distance

The sub level metro stations are covered

by antennas

CPH Metro Tunnel

Prism DAS Remoter Unit

TE also supplied all the fiber optical

equipment, main fibre cable, distribution
boxes, fiber jumpers etc.

The complete DAS is feed from a central

Base Station Hotel

CPH Underground Metro Station

The TEDAS Design

Central BS Hotel & digital transport of the RF

Service all 18km of tunnels
Sturdy optical link budget (26dB)
Adaptable simulcast scheme
Room in the remotes to upgrade to 3G, LTE etc.
No active elements in the tunnels
Save CAPEX and OPEX with central BS Hotel

CPH Metro Installation pictures

Central Base Station Hotel

POI - Point of Interface, 9

cells, 3 operators

TE Optical Equipment

TE Prism DAS Host Units

TE Prism DAS Remote Unit

Wireless modem for remote access

Advantages by using Prism in CPH Metro

The FlexWave Prism system replaces a legacy DAS that was having performance and
reliability problems. In addition, the older DAS had active elements in train tunnels it
was necessary to maintain the active elements but access to the tunnels was severely
restricted
The FlexWave Prism system eliminated active elements in tunnels and lowered the
number of active elements in the system from more than 50 to 13, significantly reducing
maintenance costs while improving reliability. In fact, the Prism remote units are
virtually maintenance-free
Another significant saving is the removal of the 8 local Base Station locations deployed
throughout the Metro with a central Base Station Hotel, which supports multiple
operators from one central location, reducing OPEX and improving reliability

The TE DAS Services 3 Mobile Operators (Telia, Telenor, TeleDanmark) for GSM900,
with room to upgrade to 3G and 4G in the same system

Conclusions

TE Prism DAS Conclusion

The TE Digital DAS gives several advantages unlike
any other DAS supplier:
Offers the most flexible and efficient use of fiber
Field upgradable, IP65 remotes
Reconfigurable simulcast plans, controled remotely
Digital delay compensation, no need to spool fiber
Supports 2G, 3G, 4G and MIMO
No degradation due to fiber loss
Integrated IP backhaul over the fiber for local IP
services, such as WiFi

Remote Unit

Host
Host Unit
Unit

Thank You!

Morten Tolstrup
Regional Wireless Business Manager

Mobile : +45 2933 8298

Email: morten.tolstrup@te.com