BS EN 474-4-1996 Earth-Moving Machinery - Safety - Part 4 Re PDF

BRITISH STANDARD
Earth-moving
machinery
Safety
Part 4: Requirements for backhoe
loaders
The European Standard EN 474-4:1996 has the status of a

British Standard
ICS 53.100
BS EN
474-4:1996
BS EN 474-4:1996
Committees responsible for this

British Standard
The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical
Committee B/513, Construction equipment and plant, and site safety, to
Subcommittee B/513/1, Earth-moving machinery, upon which the following
bodies were represented:
British Coal Corporation
Construction Plant (Hire Association)
Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors
Federation of Manufacturers of Construction Equipment and Cranes
Health and Safety Executive
Institution of Civil Engineers
Silsoe Research Institute
This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Sector Board for
Building and Civil Engineering,
was published under the
authority of the Standards Board
and comes into effect on
15 July 1996
Amendments issued since publication
BSI 02-1999
Amd. No.
The following BSI references

relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference B/513/1
Draft for comment 93/102262 DC
ISBN 0 580 25883 1
Date
Comments
BS EN 474-4:1996
Contents
Committees responsible
National foreword
Foreword
Text of EN 474-4
List of references
BSI 02-1999
Page
Inside front cover
ii
2
5
Inside back cover
BS EN 474-4:1996
National foreword
This British Standard has been prepared by Subcommittee B/513/1 and is the
English language version of EN 474-4:1996 Earth-moving machinery Safety
Part 4: Requirements for backhoe loaders, published by the European Committee
for Standardization (CEN). It is one of a number of British Standards
implementing European Standards on machinery safety matters, in the
development of which the United Kingdom has played an active part.
This British Standard covers the essential safety requirements in the Machinery
Directive (89/392/EEC) and the Amending Directive (91/368/EEC).
Cross-references
Publication referred to
EN 292-1:1991
EN 292-2:1991
EN 474-1:1994
ENV 1070:1993
EN 25353:1988
EN 60204-1:1992
ISO 2330:1991
ISO 3457:1986
ISO 4250-2:1991
ISO 5006-1:1991
ISO 5998:1986
ISO 6014:1986
ISO 6016:1982
ISO 6393:1985
ISO 6682:1986
ii
Corresponding British Standard
BS EN 292 Safety of machinery. Basic concepts, general

principles for design
Part 1:1991 Basic terminology, methodology
Part 2:1991 Technical principles and specifications
BS EN 474 Earth-moving machinery. Safety
Part 1:1995 General requirements
DD ENV 1070:1993 Safety of machinery. Terminology
BS 5631:1978 Specification for earth moving machinery
and tractors and machinery for agriculture and
forestry Seat index point
BS EN 60204 Safety of machinery. Electrical equipment
of machines
Part 1:1993 Specification for general requirements
BS 5639 Fork arms for fork lift trucks
Part 4:1978 Specification for technical characteristics
and testing
BS EN ISO 3457:1995 Earth-moving machinery. Guards
and shields. Definitions and specifications
BS AU 50 Tyres and wheels
Part 1: Tyres
Section 3: Off-the-road tyres
Subsection 3:2a:1991 Specification for narrow and wide
base tyre loads and inflation pressures
BS 6911 Testing earth moving machinery
Part 5:1992 Determination of operators field of view
BS 6912 Safety of earth-moving machinery
Part 2:1989 Specification for rated operating load for
crawler and wheel loaders
BS 5982:1987 Method for determination of ground speed
of earth-moving machinery
BS 6300:1982 Methods of measuring the masses of whole
machines, their equipment and components of
earth-moving machinery
BS 6812 Airborne noise emitted by earth-moving
machinery
Part 1:1987 Method of measurement of exterior noise in a
stationary test condition
BS EN ISO 6682:1995 Earth-moving machinery Zones
of comfort and reach for controls
BSI 02-1999
BS EN 474-4:1996
ISO 7096:1994
ISO 7546:1983
ISO 8313:1989
ISO 8643:1988
ISO 9248:1992
ISO 10533:1993
BS 6912 Safety of earth-moving machinery.

Part 17:1995 Specification for laboratory evaluation of
operator seat vibration
BS 6422:1983 Method for volumetric rating of loader and
front loading excavator buckets used for earth-moving
BS 6911 Testing earth-moving machinery
Part 2:1990 Measurement of tool forces and tipping loads
of loaders
Part 1:1988 Specification for hydraulic excavator and
backhoe loader boom lowering control device
BS 6911 Testing earth-moving machinery
Part 7:1992 Testing of earth-moving machinery.
Specification for units of measurement and tolerances
Part 11:1993 Requirements for lift arm support devices
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,
the EN title page, pages 2 to 18, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover.
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iv
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 474-4
NORME EUROPENNE
February 1996
EUROPISCHE NORM
ICS 53.100
Descriptors: Earth-moving equipment, loaders, hydraulic excavators, safety of machine, accident prevention, safety requirements,
specifications
English version
Earth-moving machinery Safety

Part 4: Requirements for backhoe loaders
Engins de terrassement Scurit

Partie 4: Exigences applicables aux
chargeuses-pelleteuses
Erdbaumaschinen Sicherheit
Teil 4: Anforderungen fr Baggerlader
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1995-11-12. CEN members

are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a
national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any
CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,
German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the
Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.
CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comit Europen de Normalisation
Europisches Komitee fr Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels
1996 All rights of reproduction and communication in any form and by any means reserved to CEN and
its members
Ref. No. EN 474-4:1996 E
EN 474-4:1996
Foreword
This European Standard has been prepared by
CEN/TC 151, Construction equipment and building
material machines Safety, of which the
secretariat is held by DIN.
This European Standard has been prepared under a
mandate given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade
Association and supports essential requirements of
EU Directive(s).
Annex A is normative and contains Test method for
rated operating load, Annex B is normative and
contains List of additional hazards and Annex C is
informative and contains Illustrations.
EN 474 Earth-moving machinery Safety
comprises the following parts:
Part 1: General requirements;
Part 2: Requirements for tractor-dozers;
Part 3: Requirements for loaders;
Part 4: Requirements for backhoe loaders;
Part 5: Requirements for hydraulic excavators;
Part 6: Requirements for dumpers;
Part 7: Requirements for tractor-scrapers;
Part 8: Requirements for graders;
Part 9: Requirements for pipelayers;
Part 10: Requirements for trenchers;
Part 11: Requirements for earth and landfill
compactors;
Part 12: Requirements for rope excavators.
This European Standard shall be given the status of
a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by
August 1996, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 1996.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal
Regulations, the national standards organizations
of the following countries are bound to implement
this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.
Contents
Foreword
0
1
2
3
3.1
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
4
4.1
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.3
4.3.1
Introduction
Scope
Normative references
Definitions
Common definitions
Additional definitions
Backhoe loader
Attachment bracket
Attachment
Safety requirements
Access
Operators station
Heating and ventilation
Rear visibility
Operators protection
Roll-over protective structures
(ROPS) on derivated machinery
Fenders
Operators seat vibration
Lift arm support device
Operators controls
Remote control
Control box
General requirements
Emergency stop
Controls
Selecting switch
Warning devices
Travelling
Instructions
Lighting, signalling and
marking lights and
reflex-reflector devices
Warning and signalling device
Tyres and rims
Stability in different applications
Loader portion
Bucket application
Fork application
Stability factors
Hydraulic capacity
Rated operating load
Fork size
Page
2
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
4.3.2
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.6.1
4.6.1.1
4.6.1.1.1
4.6.1.1.2
4.6.1.1.3
4.6.1.2
4.6.1.3
4.6.1.4
4.6.1.5
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.10.1
4.10.1.1
4.10.1.2
4.10.1.2.1
4.10.1.2.2
4.10.1.2.3
4.10.1.2.4
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
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EN 474-4:1996
4.10.1.3
4.10.1.3.1
4.10.1.3.2
4.10.1.3.3
4.10.1.3.4
4.10.1.4
4.10.1.4.1
4.10.1.4.2
4.10.1.4.3
4.10.1.5
4.10.2
4.10.2.1
4.10.2.2
4.10.2.2.1
4.10.2.2.2
4.10.2.2.3
4.10.2.3
4.10.3
4.11
4.12
4.12.1
4.12.2
4.12.3
4.13
4.13.1
4.13.2
5
Object handling application

Stability factor
Hydraulic capacity
Load hooking device
Log handling application
Stability factor
Hydraulic capacity
Other applications
Backhoe portion
Bucket application
Object handling application
Rated object handling capacity
Load hooking device
Load safety devices
Other applications
Load capacity information
Airborne noise
Attachment bracket
Locking
Identification
Instructions
Attachment
Identification
Instructions
Warning signs and hazard
pictorials
6
Instruction handbook
Annex A (normative) Test method for rated
object handling capacity
Annex B (normative) List of additional
hazards
Annex C (informative) Illustrations
Figure 1 Location of measuring points
Figure 2 Load centre distance
Figure C.1 Wheel backhoe loader
Figure C.2 Crawler backhoe loader
Figure C.3 Backhoe loader with pole
erecting attachment
Figure C.4 Backhoe loader with earth
drill
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11
11
11
11
11
Page
Table 1 Rated load capacity as % of
tipping load
Table 2 Load centre distance
Table 3 Rated load capacity as % of
tipping load
Table 4 Achievable noise emission values
Table 5 Attachment bracket identification
Table 6 Attachment identification
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EN 474-4:1996
0 Introduction
This European Standard is a Type C-standard in
the structure of A-/B-/C-standards as defined in
EN 292-1:1991.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which
hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this
standard.
1 Scope
This standard specifies additional requirements to
and/or exceptions from EN 474-1:1994
Earth-moving machinery Safety
Part 1: General requirements.
This standard applies to wheel and crawler backhoe
loaders defined in ISO/DIS 6165:1994, and gives
additional requirements for attachments and for
derivated machinery.
This standard applies for crawler backhoe loaders
as defined in 3.2.1 and Figure C.2.
This standard deals with the significant hazards
pertinent to backhoe loaders when they are used as
intended and under the conditions foreseen by the
manufacturer (see Annex B of this standard
and Annex C of EN 474-1:1994).
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or
undated references, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited
at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated
references, subsequent amendments to or revisions
of any of these publications apply to this
European Standard only when incorporated in it by
amendment or revision. For undated references the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies
EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery Basic
concepts General principles for design
Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology.
EN 292-2:1991, Safety of machinery Basic
concepts General principles for design
Part 2: Technical principles and specifications.
EN 474-1:1994, Earth-moving machinery
Safety Part 1: General requirements.
ENV 1070:1993, Safety of machinery
Terminology.
EN 25353:1988, Earth-moving machinery and
tractors and machinery for agriculture and
forestry Seat index point.
EN 60204-1:1992, Safety of machinery Electrical
equipment of machines Part 1: General
requirements.
BSI 02-1999
ISO 2330:1991, Fork lift trucks Fork arms

Technical characteristics and testing.
ISO 3457:1986, Earth-moving machinery Guards
and shields Definitions and specifications.
ISO 4250-2:1991, Narrow and wide base off-road
tyres and rims Part 2: Loads and inflation
pressure.
ISO/DIS 4250-3:1993, Earth-mover tyres and
rims Part 3: Rims.
ISO 5006-1:1991, Earth-moving machinery
Operators field of view Part 1: Test method.
ISO 5998:1986, Earth-moving machinery Rated
operating load for crawler and wheel loaders.
ISO 6014:1986, Earth-moving machinery
Determination of ground speed.
Methods of measuring the masses of whole
machines, their equipment and components.
ISO/DIS 6165:1994, Earth-moving machinery
Basic types Vocabulary.
ISO 6393:1985, Acoustics Measurement of
airborne noise emitted by earth-moving machinery
Method for determining compliance with limits
for exterior noise Stationary test condition.
ISO 6682:1986, Earth-moving machinery Zones
of comfort and reach for controls.
Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration.
Volumetric ratings for hydraulic excavator buckets
and backhoe loader buckets.
ISO 7546:1983, Earth-moving machinery Loader
and front loading excavator buckets Volumetric
ratings.
Loaders Methods of measuring tool forces and
tipping load.
Hydraulic excavator and backhoe-loader boom
lowering control device Requirements and tests.
General principles for safety signs and hazard
pictorials.
ISO 9248:1992, Earth-moving machinery Units
for dimensions, performance and capacities, and
their measurement accuracies.
Engine test code Net power.
Operator enclosure environment Part 2: Air filter
test.
EN 474-4:1996

Operator enclosure environment Part 4: Operator
enclosure ventilation, heating and/or
air-conditioning test method.
Lift-arm support devices.
Operators controls.
Lighting, signalling and marking lights, and
reflex-reflector devices.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this standard the definitions
stated in ENV 1070:1993 apply.
Additional definitions specifically needed for this
standard are added below:
3.1 Common definitions
Definitions used in EN and ISO standards referred
to in this standard are also valid for this standard.
Backhoe loaders are illustrated in Annex C of this
standard.
3.2 Additional definitions
3.2.1
backhoe loader
self-propelled wheeled or crawler machine, having a
main structural support designed to carry both a
front-mounted loader linkage and a rear mounted
excavator linkage
NOTE When used in backhoe mode, the machine is stationary
and normally digs below ground level with bucket motion toward
the machine in a backhoe work cycle which contains excavating,
elevating, swinging, and discharging material.
When used in loader mode, normally with bucket, the machine
loads through a forward motion of the machine in a loader work
cycle which contains filling, elevating, transporting, and
discharging material.
4 Safety requirements
4.1 Access to crawler machines
EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.1 applies with the following
exceptions. An access step integrated in the track
frame can be retracted up to 30 mm from the outer
edge of the track shoe.
4.2 Operators station
4.2.1 Heating and ventilation system
If a heating and ventilation system according to
EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.2.2.6, is required the
following applies. The heating and ventilation
system shall:
either comply with ISO 10263-4:1994;
or have the capacity of increasing the
temperature of the air inside the cab and
maintaining a temperature of + 18 C at
prevailing ambient temperature. The minimum
capacity of the heating system shall have a %T
of 25 C measured at 10 C ambient
temperature.
Measurement of the system capacity shall be made
at three points. The three points shall be located in
a vertical plane through the SIP parallel to the
longitudinal axis of the machine as follows
(see Figure 1):
at the filament position centre-point as defined
in ISO 5006-1:1991;
at the SIP as defined in EN 25353:1988;
100 mm above floor plate and 600 mm in front
of the SIP.
3.2.2
attachment bracket
device to facilitate quick interchange of attachments
3.2.3
attachment
removable device (working tool) mounted either
directly to the linkage or on an attachment bracket
to fulfil the primary function of the machine or for a
specific use
example: Bucket, log grapple, blade, ripper
Figure 1 Location of measuring points
Alternatively the heating capacity can be
determined by calculation.
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EN 474-4:1996
The ventilation system shall be capable of providing

the cab with filtered fresh air at the minium
of 43 m3/h. The filter should be tested according to
ISO 10263-2:1994.
NOTE The filter element selection depends on the operating
environment conditions.
4.2.2 Rear visibility

EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.7.1, third paragraph,
applies also for rear window(s) with the following
provisions:
arrangement to defrost the rear window(s)
shall be made;
the rear window(s) shall be fitted with a
motorized wiper and washer.
4.3 Operators protection
4.3.1 Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) on
derivated machinery
Backhoe loaders equipped with attachment other
than bucket application shall have a ROPS
(see EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.2.3) related to the
maximum operating mass (see ISO 6016:1982), as
specified by the manufacturer. When used as
derivated machinery (e.g. pole erecting equipment),
the maximum machine mass, which the ROPS
structure meets, may be exceeded.
4.3.2 Fenders
Backhoe loaders without a cab shall have fenders
which comply with ISO 3457:1986. Backhoe loaders
with a maximum designed speed
(see ISO 6014:1986) > 30 km/h shall be equipped
with fenders that protect the operators station from
debris ejected by the tyres if the risk exists.
4.4 Operators seat vibration
EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.3.1.3 applies with the
following provisions:
the value of vibration transmitted to the
operators seat shall comply with ISO 7096:1994
with an input vibration of class 3.
backhoe loader fitted with outriggers shall

have an audible warning device. This device shall
warn the operator if he tries to raise the
outriggers when the travel motion is engaged;
if the backhoe loader is provided with an
alternative operator position with alternative
travel controls, there shall also be controls for
braking and steering, which meet the
performance requirement for the primary
functions.
4.6.1 Remote control
EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.4.2.6 applies with the
following additions.
4.6.1.1 Control box
Activation of controls shall only be possible from a
portable remote control box.
The remote control box shall have a key switch for
activating/deactivating the remote control.
4.6.1.1.1 General requirements
By design the control box shall not obstruct the
machine operators freedom of movement, and not
be affected by impact and shock which could cause
inadvertent machine movements.
4.6.1.1.2 Emergency stop
The remote control box shall be fitted with an
emergency stop that fulfils the requirements of 10.7
of EN 60204:1992, category 1.
4.6.1.1.3 Controls
The control box shall have clearly marked directions
of movements for the machine and its attachment
and be safeguarded against unintentional actuation
e.g. pushbuttons with protective collars. It shall be
possible to lock the controls in the deactivated mode
against unintentional or unauthorized actuation.
4.6.1.2 Selecting switch
4.5 Lift arm support device
A selecting switch shall be located at the operators

station of the machine for selecting main or remote
controlled mode.
A mechanical lift arm support device shall be

provided for the loader portion, if the lift arm is to be
held in an elevated position for maintenance,
service or non-operational purposes. The support
device shall comply with ISO 10533:1993.
4.6.1.3 Warning devices

When activated a visual warning shall indicate to
bystanders that the machine is remote controlled
and it shall be possible to operate the audible
warning device of the machine from the control box.
4.6 Operators controls
4.6.1.4 Travelling
EN 4741:1994, clause 4.4.2 applies with the

following additions:
operators controls shall comply with
ISO/DIS 10968:1993;
the normal engine stopping device shall be
within the zone of reach (see ISO 6682:1986).
The machine travelling speed shall not

exceed 10 km/h. When travelling the attachment,
steering and brake systems shall be remote
controlled.
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EN 474-4:1996
4.6.1.5 Instructions
4.10.1 Loader portion
The instruction handbook for remote controlled

machines shall contain information about safe
distance from which the operator can control the
machine with the control box.
The rated capacities of a backhoe loader used in

loader application shall be determined with the
backhoe in its transport position as specified by the
manufacturer.
NOTE This standard does not prescribe technical design

requirements for remote control systems.
4.10.1.1 Bucket application
4.7 Lighting, signalling and marking lights

and reflex-reflector devices
EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.7.2 applies with the
following additions:
Lighting, signalling and marking lights and
reflex-reflector devices shall comply with
appropriate clauses of ISO 12509:1995.
4.8 Warning and signalling device
addition:
the backhoe loader shall be provided with an
audible warning device. The sound level shall be
at least 93 dB(A) at 7 m distance from backhoe
swing centre to the rear. The operator shall be
able to control the warning device from the
backhoe operation position.
4.9 Tyres and rims
Tyre and rim manufacturers shall be consulted to
determine if the tyre and rim are of sufficient
strength (inflation pressure and load performance)
for the intended operating conditions,
see ISO 4250-2:1991.
Rims shall be easy to identify
(see e.g. ISO/DIS4250-3:1993, clause 2).
Instructions regarding safety rules, pressure(s),
method of inflation and checking shall be provided
in the instruction handbook.
4.10 Stability in different applications
All rated capacities as defined hereafter are based
on the machine being level and on firm supporting
ground.
The weight of the attachments and attachment
bracket if fitted should be included in the
determination of the rated capacity.
To provide a sufficient stability the rated operating
loads in intended operating applications shall be
determined as follows.
The rated capacity of a backhoe loader used in

bucket application shall be determined as follows:
tipping load shall be determined according to
ISO 8313:1989;
rated operating load shall be determined
according to ISO 5998:1986;
volumetric rating of the bucket shall be
determined according to ISO 7546:1983.
NOTE The mass, the volumetric rating of the bucket and the
density of the material have to be taken into account when a
bucket is selected for a specific application.
4.10.1.2 Fork application

The rated operating load capacity for fork
application shall be determined as follows.
4.10.1.2.1 Stability factors
The rated operating load capacity as a percentage of
tipping load shall be determined according to
ISO 8313:1989 with the fork attachment in a
horizontal position and shall not exceed the values
given in Table 1.
Table 1 Rated load capacity as % of tipping
load
Ground condition
% of tipping load
Rough terrain
60
Firm and level ground
80
4.10.1.2.2 Hydraulic capacity

It shall be possible to control and move the load in
all positions foreseen by the manufacturer and with
all relevant hydraulic circuits involved.
4.10.1.2.3 Rated operating load
The rated operating load capacity is either
determined by the rated load capacity specified
in 4.10.1.2.1, or by the hydraulic capacity
in 4.10.1.2.2 whichever is less.
4.10.1.2.4 Fork size
To select the fork arm size and to determine the load
centre of gravity distance D, shown in Figure 2, the
specifications in Table 2 shall be followed.
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EN 474-4:1996
4.10.1.3.4 Load hooking device

The load hooking device may be either fixed or
removable. This device may be located on a bucket,
on an arm or be a separate device, and shall:
be so located that the risk of being damaged
during normal earth moving operations is
minimized;
be so designed so that the hooking device
prevents unintentional unhooking;
withstand a load of twice the rated load
capacity of the loader portion. This test load is to
be applied in the most unfavourable position of
the total hooking system. No permanent
deformation of the load hooking system is
accepted.
4.10.1.4 Log handling application
The rated operating load capacity for log handling
shall be determined as follows.
4.10.1.4.1 Stability factors
Figure 2 Load centre distance
Table 2 Load centre distance
Force F
Distance
mm
F # 10 000
400
10 000 < F # 50 000
500
50 000 < F # 100 000
600
Forks shall meet the requirements stated in

ISO 2330:1991.
4.10.1.3 Object handling application
The rated operating load capacity for handling a
suspended load shall be determined as follows.
4.10.1.3.1 Stability factor
The rated load in object handling shall not
exceed 50 % of the tipping load determined
according to ISO 8313:1989, to be measured at the
load hooking system and at the maximum reach
specified by the manufacturer.
The rated load capacity as percentage of tipping

load determined according to ISO 8313:1989 but
with a log handling attachment, shall not exceed the
values given in Table 3.
Table 3 Rated load capacity as % of tipping
load
Ground condition
% of tipping load
Wheel
backhoe
loader
Rough terrain
Crawler
backhoe
loader
75
50
Firm and level ground 85
60

in 4.10.1.4.1 or the hydraulic capacity in 4.10.1.4.2
whichever is less.
4.10.1.5 Other applications
The rated load capacity of derivated machinery
shall be determined by the manufacturer according
to the load capacity specification given in 4.10.1.1
to 4.10.1.4 whichever suits best the special
application.

in 4.10.1.3.1 or by the hydraulic capacity specified
in 4.10.1.3.2, whichever is less.
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EN 474-4:1996
4.10.2 Backhoe portion

exception.
If the loader bucket is intended to increase the
stability, the loader portion does not require a
locking device.
The rated capacities of a backhoe loader used in
backhoe application shall be determined with the
loader bucket and the outriggers placed on the
ground [see A.4.2 d)].
4.10.2.1 Bucket application
The capacity for a backhoe loader used in backhoe
application with a bucket shall be determined as the
smallest of the following values:
a) tipping load according to A.1.3;
b) hydraulic lift capacity according to A.1.4.
The volumetric rating of the bucket shall be
determined according to ISO/DIS 7451:1994.
NOTE The mass, the volumetric rating of the bucket and the
density of the material have to be taken into account when a
bucket is selected for a specific application.
4.10.2.2 Object handling application

The capacity of backhoe loader used for object
handling application shall be determined as follows.
4.10.2.2.1 Rated object handling capacity
The rated object handling capacity of the backhoe
portion is defined in A.6.
4.10.2.2.2 Load hooking device
The load hooking device may be either fixed or
removable. This device may be located on a bucket,
on any other part of the machine or be a separate
device and shall:
be so located and designed that the risk of
being damaged during normal earth-moving
operations is minimized;
be designed so that the hooking device
prevents unintentional unhooking;
withstand a load equal to twice the rated lift
capacity of the backhoe portion. This test load
shall be applied in the most unfavourable
position of the total hooking system. No
permanent deformation of the load hooking
system is accepted.
4.10.2.2.3 Load safety devices
The backhoe portion used in object handling
operations, with a maximum rated object handling
capacity > 1 000 kg or an overturning
moment > 40 000 Nm shall be equipped with:
10
an acoustic or visual warning device which

indicates to the operator when the rated object
handling capacity/corresponding load moment is
reached and continues as long as the load or load
moment is exceeded. The rated object handling
capacity is defined in 4.10.2.2.1;
a boom lowering control device on the raising
boom cylinder(s) which meets the requirements of
ISO 8643:1988.
These devices may be deactivated while the backhoe
equipment is performing operations other than
object handling. The activation shall be clearly
indicated. The control(s) of deactivation shall be
within the operators zone of comfort according to
ISO 6682:1986.
4.10.2.3 Other applications
4.10.1.5 applies.
4.10.3 Load capacity information
The manufacturer shall provide information on the
rated load capacity at corresponding reach in the
applications as described in 4.10.1 and 4.10.2. This
information shall be provided to the user.
4.11 Airborne noise
EN 474-1:1994, clause 4.10.1 applies with the
following addition. The sound power level of
airborne noise shall be measured according to
ISO 6393:1985. The targets for achievable sound
power level are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 Achievable noise emission values
Engine power P according
to ISO/DIS 9249:1995
Achievable sound
power level
kW
dB(A)/ lpW
P # 70
70 < P # 160
106
108
NOTE Achievable sound power levels do not constitute limit

values of exposure for persons, but are the emission values from
a machine under defined test conditions. They are not a barrier
to innovation and they should not prevent the achievement of
lower levels.
4.12 Attachment bracket

4.12.1 Locking
The attachment bracket locking system shall meet
the following requirements:
it shall keep the attachment in the locked
position by a positive engagement system and
retain it under all operating conditions;
it shall be possible to verify the locked position
of the attachment bracket and the attachment
from the operators position, or from the location
where the locking control is operated;
BSI 02-1999
EN 474-4:1996
the control for locking and unlocking the

system of the attachment bracket shall be
secured against unintended release;
it shall not be possible to release the
attachment accidentally by malfunction or loss of
engagement forces.
4.12.2 Identification
The attachment bracket shall be permanently
marked according to Table 5.
4.12.3 Instructions
Instructions concerning mounting, locking,
checking procedure and the influence on the rated
operating load shall be provided by the attachment
bracket manufacturer. The checking procedure for
locking shall be described in detail.
4.13 Attachment
The machine manufacturer shall define the range of
attachments intended to be used with the machine
and establish the criteria for the safe fitting and
subsequent use of the attachments.
4.13.1 Identification
The attachment shall be permanently marked
according to Table 6.
4.13.2 Instructions
Instructions concerning mounting and use shall be
provided by the attachment manufacturer.
5 Warning signs and hazard pictorials

Warning signs and hazard pictorials should follow
the general principles of ISO 9244:1995. They shall
be made of durable materials.
6 Instruction handbook
EN 474-1:1994, clause 5 applies with the following
additions.
The instruction handbook shall contain the
following information.
The need for a well-trained and competent
operator.
The safety rules to be observed, in particular
the stability of the machine, its attachments and
safe operation.
All rated capacities are based on the criteria of
the machine being level and on firm supporting
ground. When operated the machine is in
conditions that deviate from these criteria (e.g. on
soft or uneven ground, on a slope or when subject
to side loads), these conditions shall be taken into
account by the operator.
Indication that the machine user shall
determine if special hazards exist in his
application such as toxic gases, ground
(underfoot) conditions etc. that require special
precautions and that he shall take measures to
eliminate or reduce the hazards.
A description of the backhoe loader
configuration required for object handling.
The need for personal protective equipment.
The range of temperature in which the
machine is intended to be operated and stored.
Provisions for limiting proximity hazards.
NOTE More detailed instructions for use will be included in a
future revision of this standard.
Table 5 Attachment bracket identification

Required information
Attachment bracket manufacturer

Same as machine
manufacturer
Other than machine

manufacturer
Attachment bracket manufacturers name or

logotype
Required
Required
Type denomination (e.g. part number)
Required
Required
Mass (kg)
Working circuit pressure (Pa); (if relevant)
Load capacity (N)
a
Not
requireda
Required
Not
requireda
Required
Required
Not required
See manufacturers machine documentation.
BSI 02-1999
11
EN 474-4:1996
Table 6 Attachment identification

Required information
Attachment manufacturer
Same as machine
manufacturer
Attachment manufacturers name or logotype
Required
Type denomination (e.g. part number)
Required
Mass (kg)
Not required
Working circuit pressure (Pa); (if relevant)

2
Capacity of the attachment (e.g. m , m ) (if relevant)

a
Not
Other than machine

manufacture
Required
Required
a
Required
requireda
Required
Not required
Required
See manufacturers machine documentation.
12
BSI 02-1999
EN 474-4:1996
Annex A (normative)
Test method for rated object handling
capacity
This annex specifies a test method for determining
the rated object handling capacity for the backhoe
portion of the backhoe loader.
A.1 Definitions
A.1.1
anchorage point
vertical point below bucket hinge pin where the load
force is applied or transposed
A.1.2
hydraulic hold circuit load
pressure applied by the vertical load acting on the
bucket hinge pin which actuates any hydraulic
circuit relief valve
A.1.3
tipping load
static load at the balance point.
A.1.4
hydraulic lift capacity
maximum load that can be lifted at the bucket hinge
pin with any hydraulic circuit activated, limited by
the working circuit hydraulic pressure
A.1.5
lift point radius
maximum horizontal distance between the bucket
hinge pin and the swing pivot centre
A.1.6
balance point
point at which the moment acting to overturn the
machine with a specific load and lift point radius is
equal to the moment of the machine available to
resist overturning
A.1.7
overturning moment
the moment when the balance point is reached
A.2 Apparatus
The apparatus shall comprise the following and
with tolerances as specified in ISO 9248:1992:
load cell or force transducer appropriate to the
magnitude of the load to be measured;
wire ropes and shackles, pulley, safety chains
and adjustable anchor point (e.g. slide rail);
pressure gauge;
apparatus for measuring linear dimensions.
A.3 Test site
The test site shall consist of a substantially level,
hard surface, preferably concrete, with anchor point
and sufficient space for the load cell.
BSI 02-1999
A.4 Preparation for test

A.4.1 General
The machine shall be clean, and equipped according
to the manufacturers specifications.
The machine shall be equipped with appropriate
counterweights and with attachment bracket if
applicable (but no attachment). The machine shall
have the tyre inflation and tyre ballast as specified
by the manufacturer. The fuel tank shall be filled
to 50 % capacity.
Prior to testing, the engine and hydraulic system
shall be at the normal working temperature, and
the hydraulic system pressure(s) shall then be
checked for compliance with the manufacturers
recommended hydraulic pressure setting(s).
A.4.2 Position
Machine shall be positioned on the test site as
follows:
a) in the least stable position (e.g. fully
side-shifted and/or fully articulated);
b) the oscillation of the articulated steering joint
(if any) shall be locked;
c) if the arm can be articulated horizontally, it
shall be in the straight position;
d) stabilization devices shall be engaged
according to the manufacturers specifications.
Outriggers and loader bucket shall be in a
position so that the wheels just clear off ground.
A.5 Object handling capacity test
A.5.1 Load cell
A load cell shall be installed between the excavator
bucket hinge pin and anchorage points, vertically
below the hinge pin.
A.5.2 Position of boom/arm
The boom/arm shall be so positioned that the line
between boom hinge pin and bucket hinge pin is
horizontal when the force is applied.
A.5.3 Test procedure
A.5.3.1 Step one
The test force shall be progressively applied until
either:
a) the tipping load is reached or;
b) the hydraulic holding circuit pressure load is
reached.
A.5.3.2 Step two
The test force shall be released and the boom
hydraulic lift circuit shall be progressively applied
until the hydraulic lift capacity as defined in A.1.4
is reached.
13
EN 474-4:1996
A.5.4 Verification
The following shall be measured and recorded:
a) the lift point radius;
b) the tipping load;
c) the hydraulic holding circuit pressure load;
d) the hydraulic lift capacity.
A.6 Rated object handling capacity
Rated object handling capacity is the smallest of:
75 % of maximum tipping load according
to A.5.3.1 a);
80 % of hydraulic holding circuit load
according to A.5.3.1 b);
100 % of hydraulic lift capacity according
to A.5.3.2.
14
A.7 Rated operating load with attachment

The rated operating load shall be determined with
the backhoe in the centre position at maximum lift
point radius minus the mass of the attachment.
Backhoe loaders with side shift shall be measured
both with the backhoe in the centre position and
fully side shifted.
The rated object handling capacity table shall be
calculated from the rated object handling capacity
on different lift point radii minus the mass of the
attachment. There shall be at least five different lift
point radii. Minimum and maximum lift point
radius shall always be included.
BSI 02-1999
EN 474-4:1996
Annex B (normative)
List of additional hazards Backhoe loaders
The list of hazards in Annex C of EN 474-1:1994 applies with the following additions:
Additional hazards
Relevant clauses
EN 292-2:1991
Annex A
EN 474-4
20 Hazards due to mobility and lifting

20.1 Travelling functions
20.2 Operating functions
3.2.1
4.3.2
3.2.3
4.6.1.1.2
3.3.3
4.6.1.2
3.3.1
4.6.1.1
3.3.2
4.6.1.1.5
4.10.1
4.10.2
20.3 Powering functions
3.3.5
4.10.1.2.2
4.10.1.3.2
4.10.1.4.2
20.4 Operators position
3.2.1
4.2
3.5.3
4.4
20.4.1 ROPS
3.4.3
4.3.1
20.5 Remote control
3.3.3
4.6.1
20.6 Accidental movement
3.4.1
4.3.2
4.1.2.6
20.7 Access
3.2.1
4.1
3.4.5
21 Hazards generated by inadequate lighting
21.1 Travelling area
3.1.2
4.7
21.2 Working area
3.1.2
4.7
22 Hazards caused by attachment and/or equipment
4.12.1
22.1 Loader portion
4.5
4.10.1
22.1.1 Bucket application
3.3.1
4.10.1.1
22.1.2 Fork application
4.10.1.2
22.1.3 Log handling application
4.10.1.4
22.1.4 Other applications
4.10.1.5
22.2 Backhoe portion
4.10.2
4.10.2.2
22.2.1 Bucket application
3.3.1
4.10.2.1
4.10.2.2.1
22.2.2 Other applications
4.10.2.3
22.3 Energy supply
4.10.1.2.2
4.10.1.3.2
4.10.1.4.2
BSI 02-1999
15
EN 474-4:1996
Additional hazards
Relevant clauses
EN 292-2:1991
Annex A
23 Hazards caused by attachment bracket
EN 474-4
4.12.1
4.12.2
24 Hazards due to object handling
4.1.2.7
24.1 Stability
4.1.2.1
4.10.1
4.10.1.2.1
4.10.1.2.3
4.10.1.2.4
4.10.1.3
4.10.1.3.1
4.10.1.3.3
4.10.1.4
4.10.1.4.1
4.10.1.4.3
24.2 Lifting accessories
4.1.2.3
4.10.1.3.4
4.1.2.4
4.10.2.2
4.1.2.5
4.10.2.2.1
4.1.2.6
4.10.2.2.2
4.3.1
4.10.2.2.3
4.3.2
4.10.3
25 Hazards generated by noise
1.5.8
4.11
26 Hazards generated by lack of warning signs
1.7.2
4.6.1.1.4
3.6.1
4.8
5
27 Hazards due to missing and/or incorrect instructions
1.7.4
4.6.1.3
3.6.3
4.9
4.4
4.12.3
4.13.2
6
16
BSI 02-1999
EN 474-4:1996
Annex C (informative)
Illustrations
C.1 Wheel backhoe loader
Figure C.1 Wheel backhoe loader

C.2 Crawler backhoe loader
Figure C.2 Crawler backhoe loader
BSI 02-1999
17
EN 474-4:1996
C.3 Derivated use (examples)

Wheel backhoe loader with an alternative attachment, which does not change the safety requirements of
the backhoe loader but modifies the application for use.
Figure C.3 Backhoe loader with pole erecting attachment
Figure C.4 Backhoe loader with earth drill
18
BSI 02-1999
BS EN 474-4:1996
List of references
See national foreword.
BSI 02-1999
BSI
389 Chiswick High Road
London
W4 4AL
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BRITISH STANDARD

The European Standard EN 474-4:1996 has the status of a

Committees responsible for this

This British Standard, having

Amendments issued since publication

The following BSI references

Corresponding British Standard

BS EN 292 Safety of machinery. Basic concepts, general

BS 6912 Safety of earth-moving machinery.

Earth-moving machinery Safety

Engins de terrassement Scurit

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1995-11-12. CEN members

Object handling application

ISO 2330:1991, Fork lift trucks Fork arms

ISO 10263-4:1994, Earth-moving machinery

The ventilation system shall be capable of providing

4.2.2 Rear visibility

backhoe loader fitted with outriggers shall

4.5 Lift arm support device

A selecting switch shall be located at the operators

A mechanical lift arm support device shall be

4.6.1.3 Warning devices

4.6 Operators controls

EN 4741:1994, clause 4.4.2 applies with the

The machine travelling speed shall not

4.10.1 Loader portion

The instruction handbook for remote controlled

The rated capacities of a backhoe loader used in

NOTE This standard does not prescribe technical design

4.10.1.1 Bucket application

4.7 Lighting, signalling and marking lights

The rated capacity of a backhoe loader used in

4.10.1.2 Fork application

Firm and level ground

4.10.1.2.2 Hydraulic capacity

4.10.1.3.4 Load hooking device

10 000 < F # 50 000

50 000 < F # 100 000

Forks shall meet the requirements stated in

The rated load capacity as percentage of tipping

Firm and level ground 85

4.10.1.4.2 Hydraulic capacity

The rated operating load capacity is either

4.10.2 Backhoe portion

4.10.2.2 Object handling application

an acoustic or visual warning device which

NOTE Achievable sound power levels do not constitute limit

4.12 Attachment bracket

the control for locking and unlocking the

5 Warning signs and hazard pictorials

Table 5 Attachment bracket identification

Attachment bracket manufacturer

Other than machine

Attachment bracket manufacturers name or

Type denomination (e.g. part number)

See manufacturers machine documentation.

Table 6 Attachment identification

Attachment manufacturers name or logotype

Type denomination (e.g. part number)

Working circuit pressure (Pa); (if relevant)

Capacity of the attachment (e.g. m , m ) (if relevant)

Other than machine