Analysis of Coal

Presented By,
Momina Noor
Mahnoor Butt
Nehal Imtiaz
Sabahat Tahir

M12-PG-01
M12-CE-16
M12-CE-02
M12-CE-12

Solid Fuel

Combustible

NonVolatile

Volatile

NonCombustible

Moisture

Inorganic
Ash

Analysis of Coal

Proximate
Analysis
Ultimate
Analysis

Proximate Analysis

Proximate
Analysis

Moisture

Volatile
Matter

Ash

Fixed
Carbon

Moisture
Content

Moisture content varies with

such factors as the mine from
which coal was removed, the coal
seam and the extent to which coal
has been exposed to weather.
High moisture content is
undesirable.

Determination Method Of Moisture

Content
A weighed sample of -72 B.S is dried at a temperature of 104
to 110 in an inert atmosphere to constant weight.
Atmosphere must be free from oxygen otherwise oxygen will
combine with the coal.

=
100

Effects of Moisture on Coal

Reduce the Calorific Value.
Increases the consumption of Coal.
Lengthens the time of heating.

Volatile
Matter

Represents the portion of Coal

which is converted into volatile
products when the coal is heated
in the absence of air.
High Volatile Coals tend to burn
with a long flame and give much
smoke.
For maximum thermal efficiency,
volatile matter must be burned
completely.

Determination Method Of Volatile

Matter
Heating a weighed and dried sample of coal in a covered
platinum crucible at 500 to 700 for 7 minutes.
A high percentage of volatile matter means that a large proportion
of fuel has burnt as a gas..

=
100

Effects of Volatile Matter on Coal

Lower Ignition Temperature.

Lower Calorific Value.
Larger Volume for Combustion
Higher tendency to catch fire.

Ash

Coal ash is derived from clay, iron

pyrites, limestone, sand and other
mineral matter.
Ash is an inert material which
consumes heat and the disposal of
which represents an expense to
consumer.
Lower the proportion of ash, greater
the value of coal.

Determination Method Of Ash Matter

Heating the residue left after removal of volatile matter at 600 to
700 for half an hour without covering.
Measured ash value and original mineral matter is related as:
= 1.15

=
100

Effects of Ash on Coal

Hard and Strong Coal.

Lower Calorific Value.
Produce more slag.
Forms an insulating layer for small values
Can be reduced by washing.

Fixed
Carbon

It is the pure carbon

present in coal.

Determination Method Of Fixed Carbon

Carbonaceous residue from the volatile matter test.
Obtained by subtracting from 100 the sum of percentages of
volatile matter, moisture and ash content of coal.
= 100 ( + + )

Effects of Fixed Carbon on Coal

Greater the Fixed Carbon, Higher the Calorific
Value.

Advantages
of
Proximate
Analysis

Relatively Quick.
Easily carried out in
laboratory.
Indication of coals
quality and type

Ultimate Analysis

Ultimate Analysis of Coal

Ultimate Analysis provides following data:
Elemental Carbon
Elemental Hydrogen
Elemental Oxygen-usually determined by difference rather than
directly.
Elemental Sulphur- both organic and inorganic
Elemental Nitrogen-nominally about 1% by weight
Heating Value

Advantages
of Ultimate
Analysis

Gives information about

elementary constituents
of coal.
Useful in designing of
coal burning equipment
and auxiliaries

Thank You