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INTRODUCTION
Situation Analysis
Society is in the midst of learning how to be in the information age. The
advent of computers and the inclusion of the Web in our work and private lives
have pushed innovations and embraced information and access in ways we can
hardly imagine. We are living in a complex and challenging digital landscape
that changes constantly. (2005)
The school library exists to provide a range of learning opportunities for
both large and small groups as well as individuals with a focus on intellectual
content, information literacy, and the learner. (2004).
In addition to classroom visits with collaborating teachers, the school
library also serves as a place for students to do independent work, use
computers, equipment and research materials; to host special events such as
author visits and book clubs; and for tutoring and testing.
The school library media center program is a collaborative venture in
which school library media specialists, teachers, and administrators work
together to provide opportunities for the social, cultural, and educational
growth of students. Activities that are part of the school library media program
can take place in the school library media center, the laboratory classroom,
through the school, and via the school library's online resources. (2004)
In a school or university setup, the library plays a very vital role in the
institutions role of providing quality education to its clientele the students.
The library should not only be updated with its collection but far most should
be able to deliver what is required of it that is to serve as a haven of
information and knowledge to its clientele.
The current Library catalog is poorly designed for the tasks of finding,
discovering, and selecting the growing set of resources available in our
libraries. It is best at locating and obtaining a known item. For librarians and
for our users, the catalog is only one option of accessing library collections.
(2005)
In this time, access to information has radically changed. Information
today symbolizes power by most organizations in the corporate world. The
library is not spared from this revolution. The library should be at the forefront
of this technology explosion.
1922. Secondary courses were then offered. The intermediate curriculum was
eventually dropped in 1927, and in 1928, the La Union Trade School was
transferred to its present site and converted into the secondary level. It was the
incumbency of the first Filipino principal, Catalino Calica, that the school
turned out its first set of only 8 graduates. The school closed during the second
world war.
By virtue of R.A. 543 on 16 June 1950, the La Union Trade School was
placed under the support of the National Government. R.A. 801 was enacted
on 21 June 1952 to convert the institution into a National Regional School of
Arts and Trades known as the La Union School of Arts and Trades. Tranuilino
delos Trinos was the first superintendent. In 1957, Apolinario Apilado took over
as the second superintendent, and in 1957, Fermin Taruc became the third
superintendent. Taruc's administration placed much emphasis in the
improvement of the standard of instruction in all levels of education.
On May 25, 1978, Hipolito Pacis took over as the fifth superintendent
and this marked the greatest milestone for LUSAT. The school was integrated
into the Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University (DMMMSU) on
January 15, 1981 through P.D. 1778. Dr. Bienvenido Agpaoa became its first
president. In 1989, Dr. Manuel Corpus was installed as the second president.
In 1996, DMMMSU has been adjudged by the CHED (Commission on Higher
Education) as number 7 among top universities and colleges (public and
private) in the Philippines. Most graduates rated high in their respective board
and licensure exminations. On 23 July 1999, Dr. Dionisio Gat Ducusin became
the third president of the University. The Mid-La Union Campus (MLUC) has
Dr. Rodolfo R. Apigo as its chancellor, assuming the position on September 23,
1999. With transformational leaders at the helm of DMMMSU and the MLUC in
particular, the University is at the threshold of the new millennium upholding
excellence in instruction, research, extension, and production for global
competitiveness.
Through the years, Mid-La Union Campus, under the flagship of the Don
Mariano Marcos Memorial State University has developed and sustained itself
to become the leading school in the region and one of the top educational
institutions nationwide. Proof of its excellence can be seen in the list of board
topnotchers that MLUC has produced over the past 25 years. MLUC takes pride
in its continuing plight to be a distinct center of excellence
Today, MLUC carries the flagship of being the key provider of Information
Technology Education as the Bachelor of Science of Information Technology of
the Institute of Information Technology was awarded by the Commission on
Higher Education as Center of Development in Information Technology. With
this, the campus is now revolutionizing its various processes and infusing it
with the use information technology to hasten various activities of the campus
one of which is the library.
Conceptual Framework
The term 'digital library' is now widely accepted to mean the use of digital
technology by libraries to acquire, store, conserve and provide access to
information. Practically, a digital library is an assemblage of digital computing,
storage and communications machinery together with the content and software
needed to reproduce, emulate, and extend the services provided by
conventional libraries based on paper and other material means of collecting,
cataloguing, finding, and disseminating information. (Rathinasabapathy 2006)
The Internet and the World Wide Web are two of the principal building
blocks that are used in the development of digital libraries. The Internet
tradition emphasizes collaboration and, even now, the continuing development
of the Internet remains firmly in the hands of engineers. An important
characteristic of the Internet is that the engineers and computer scientists who
develop and operate it are heavy users of their own technology. They
communicate by e-mail, dismissing conventional mail as "snail mail." (2000)
The World Wide Web or "the web" as it is colloquially called, has been one
of the great successes in the history of computing. It ranks with the
development of word processors and spread sheets as a definitive application of
computing. The web and its associated technology have been crucial to the
rapid growth of digital libraries. Technically, the web is based on four simple
techniques. They are: the Hyper-Text Mark-up Language (HTML), the Hyper-Text
Transport Protocol (HTTP), MIME data types, and Uniform Resource Locators
(URLs). Each of these concepts is introduced below and discussed further in
later chapters. Each has importance that goes beyond the web into the general
field of interoperability of digital libraries. (2000)
In a paper written by Yan Han and Atifa Rawan, they proposed for the
building an Integrated Library System (ILS) for Afghanistan universities and
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colleges based on open source software. As one of the goals of the Afghan
eQuality Digital Libraries Alliance, the authors applied systems analysis
approach, evaluated different open source ILS, and customized the selected
software to accommodate users' needs. The author adopted systems analysis
by taking account of Afghan collections, users needs, and systems
functionality required to perform essential library operations. Koha was chosen
as the base software due to its functionality, maturity and support. Some of the
reasons are:
Existing status of
the DMMMSUMLUC Library
Management System
in terms of:
Performance
Information
Economics
Controls
Efficiency
Service
Survey
Questionnaire
Assessment of the
existing status of the
DMMMSU-MLUC
library management
system
Systems
Development
Usability
Questionnire
Assessment of the
usability of the ILMS
software
Feedback
DMMMSU-MLUC
Integrated Library
Management System
(ILMS)
b. Information,
c. Economics,
d. Control,
e. Efficiency,
f. Services?
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a. Efficiency
b. Affect
c. Helpfulness
d. Control, and
e. Learnability?
The DMMMSU MLUC Library is struggling its way to be at pace with the
University libraries in the country who have already made a mark in the digital
world. This study will put the DMMMSU MLUC Library in the ranks of these
Universities in the Philippines as well as in the world.
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The DMMMSU MLUC Library workforce will also be benefited from this
study as their work will be greatly reduced by the aid of computerization
specifically in the task of maintenance and inventory of library holdings.
Reports will be easily generated at a single click of a mouse. This will only
mean that less time will be attributed to library collection monitoring and
maintenance thus time may be diverted into furthering the improvements of
the library collection.
The community can also be benefited from this study because the
DMMMSU MLUC Library is not only for students and staff of DMMMSU but is
also open to the public.
Definition of Terms
12
13
a. Efficiency. The degree to which the user can achieve their goals of his
interaction with the ILMS in a direct and timely manner.
b. Affect. The degree of how much the ILMS captures the users
emotional responses.
d. Control. The degree to which the user feels, he and not the ILMS, is
setting the pace.
e. Learnability. The ease with which the user can get started and learn
new features of the product.
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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Digital Libraries
In some ways, digital libraries are very different from traditional libraries,
yet in others they are remarkably similar. People do not change because new
technology is invented. They still create information that has to be organized,
stored, and distributed. They still need to find information that others have
created, and use it for study, reference, or entertainment. However, the form in
which the information is expressed and the methods that are used to manage it
are greatly influenced by technology and this creates change. Every year, the
quantity and variety of collections available in digital form grows, while the
supporting technology continues to improve steadily. Cumulatively, these
changes are stimulating fundamental alterations in how people create
information and how they use it.
Economics
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creating and distributing the information are borne by the producer, not the
user of the information. This book describes many examples of both models
and attempts to analyze the balance between them. Almost certainly, both have
a long-term future, but the final balance is impossible to forecast.
The fundamental reason for building digital libraries is a belief that they
will provide better delivery of information than was possible in the past.
Traditional libraries are a fundamental part of society, but they are not perfect.
The digital library brings the library to the user. To use a library requires
access. Traditional methods require that the user goes to the library. In a
university, the walk to a library takes a few minutes, but not many people
are member of universities or have a nearby library. Many engineers or
physicians carry out their work with depressingly poor access to the latest
information.
A digital library brings the information to the user's desk, either at work or
at home, making it easier to use and hence increasing its usage. With a
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digital library on the desk top, a user need never visit a library building. The
library is wherever there is a personal computer and a network connection.
In most aspects, computer systems are already better than manual methods
for finding information. They are not as good as everybody would like, but
they are good and improving steadily. Computers are particularly useful for
reference work that involves repeated leaps from one source of information
to another.
Many libraries provide online the text of reference works, such as directories
or encyclopedias. Whenever revisions are received from the publisher, they
are installed on the library's computer. The new versions are available
immediately. The Library of Congress has an online collection, called
Thomas that contains the latest drafts of all legislation currently before the
U.S. Congress; it changes continually.
The information is always available. The doors of the digital library never
close; a recent study at a British university found that about half the usage
of a library's digital collections was at hours when the library buildings were
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Digital libraries are not perfect. Computer systems can fail and networks
may be slow or unreliable, but, compared with a traditional library,
information is much more likely to be available when and where the user
wants it.
Even when the formats are similar, materials that are created explicitly for
the digital world are not the same as materials originally designed for paper
or other media. Words that are spoken have a different impact from words
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that are written, and online textual materials are subtly different from
either the spoken or printed word. Good authors use words differently when
they write for different media and users find new ways to use the
information. Materials created for the digital world can have a vitality that is
lacking in material that has been mechanically converted to digital formats,
just as a feature film never looks quite right when shown on television.
Each of the benefits described above can be seen in existing digital libraries.
There is another group of potential benefits, which have not yet been
demonstrated, but hold tantalizing prospects. The hope is that digital libraries
will develop from static repositories of immutable objects to provide a wide
range of services that allow collaboration and exchange of ideas. The
technology of digital libraries is closely related to the technology used in fields
such as electronic mail and teleconferencing, which have historically had little
relationship to libraries. The potential for convergence between these fields is
exciting. (2000)
Chapter 3
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METHODOLOGY
Research Design
The researcher will be used the descriptive and applied type of research.
Descriptive research design is a scientific method which involves observing and
describing the behavior of a subject without influencing it in any way.
Descriptive research design is a valid method for researching specific subjects
and as a precursor to more quantitative studies. Whilst there are some valid
concerns about the statistical validity, as long as the limitations are understood
by the researcher, this type of study is an invaluable scientific tool. Whilst the
results are always open to question and to different interpretations, there is no
doubt that they are preferable to performing no research at all. (Shuttleworth,
2008)
Descriptive research is used to obtain information concerning the
current status of the phenomena to describe "what exists" with respect to
variables or conditions in a situation. The methods involved range from the
survey which describes the status quo, the correlation study which investigates
the relationship between variables, to developmental studies which seek to
determine changes over time. Primarily, the researcher in its goal to determine
the existing status of the DMMMSU-MLUC Library Management System will be
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The DMMMS-MLUC Library is divided into five reading centers and the
main library. Each reading center employs a librarian and a staff except for the
main library which has two (2) staffs.
DMMMSU-MLUC has a total of 246 teaching staff and 50 non-teaching
staff. The study will consider students enrolled for the Second Semester, School
Year 2009-2010. Records of the Office of the Campus Registrar show that for
the given period, the school has recorded 5,123 officially enrolled students.
The Lynch Formula was used to determine the sample size of the
student, faculty and staff respondents. The distribution of respondents is
shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Distribution of Respondents
Respondents
Population
13
100
Students
500
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To determine the existing status of managing the library of DMMMSUMLUC, Wetherbes PIECES framework will be used (see Appendix A). The
PIECES framework is used for identifying operational problems to be solved. It
is a checklist used for identifying problems with an existing information
system. It consists of the following:
Information: It indicates whether the end users get timely, accurate, and
useful information.
Rapid Application Development. James Martin, in his book first coining the
term, wrote, Rapid Application Development (RAD) is a development lifecycle
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designed to give much faster development and higher-quality results than those
achieved with the traditional lifecycle. It is designed to take the maximum
advantage of powerful development software that has evolved recently.
Rapid Application Development is a software development methodology
that involves techniques like iterative development and software prototyping.
According to Whitten (2004), it is a merger of various structured techniques,
especially data-driven Information Engineering, with prototyping techniques to
accelerate software systems development.
Data Analysis
To analyze the gathered data the researcher will be using mean, and
weighted mean and grand mean. A standard Likert Scale will be used to
analyze the data.
For the status of the existing status of managing the resources of the
DMMMSU-MLUC library, the following scale will be used with the
corresponding descriptive ratings as follows:
Rating Scale
4.21 5.00
Descriptive
Rating
Strongly Agree
Constraint
3.41 4.20
Agree
Constraint
2.61 3.40
Neutral
Constraint
1.81 2.60
Disagree
Capability
1.00 1.80
Strongly Disagree
Capability
Rating Scale
4.21 5.00
Descriptive
Rating
Strongly Agree
Very Usable
3.41 4.20
Agree
Usable
2.61 3.40
Neutral
Fairly Usable
1.81 2.60
Disagree
Unusable
1.00 1.80
Strongly Disagree
Very Unusable
For mean ratings between 3.41 and 5.00, it will be interpreted as the
software being usable. On the other hand, mean ratings between 1.00 and
3.40 are considered not usable, as respondents are not satisfied with the
software.
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REFERENCES
Morris, B. (2004). Administering the school library media center. Westport, CT:
Libraries Unlimited.
Rathinasabapathy, G (2006) Building Digital Libraries by using Open Source
Software: Opportunities and Challenges. In Rathinasabapathy, G, Eds.
Proceedings National Conference on "Digital Libraries: From Technology to
Culture", Coimbatore, INDIA.
Anctil, Eric, and Jamshid Beheshti (2004). Open Source Integrated Library
Systems: An Overview.
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Jeffrey L.; Lonnie D. Bentley, Kevin C. Dittman. (2004). Systems Analysis and
Design Methods. 6th edition. ISBN 025619906X.
Martin, J (1991), Rapid Application Development, MacMillan, New York.
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