Julius Weisbach

Julius Weisbach was a German mathematician and engineer and was born on the 10th august
1806 , the eight of nine children to Christian Weisbach and Christina Rebekka Stephen in
Mittelschmiedeberg now called Mildenau municipality . Weisbach received his initial
education at the Iyceum in Annaberg and the Bergschule in Freiberg.In 1822 he decided to attend
the Bergakademie where he later went on to Gottingen spending approximately two years , he
then followed in the footstep of associate Friedrich Mohs to the Technical University and
University of Vienna where he pursued mathemathics , physics and mechanics .Between the
period of 1831 to 1835 he accepted the responsibility for instructing mathemathics at the
Freiberg Gymnasium , andfrom 1832 at the bergakademie as well.
Weisbach was also known to have written a number of books , of which the
Bergmaschinenmechanik was the first in 1835.in 1839 Weisbach took a trip to the Paris
Industrial Exposition and depicted a keen interest in hydraulics which led to his first paper in
this field and Simultaneouly he contributed greatly to the development of mine surveying
methods ,introducing the theodolite in place of compass and protractor . Additionally he
assumed the responisbilty for courses in descriptive geometry , crystallography ,and optics as
well as mechanics .in 1855 weisbach attended the Paris World Exposition , receiving and
correcting proof for a new edition of his Mechanik en route. Weisbach carrer was incredible , he
published fourteen books and fifty nine papers on mathematics, mechanics and surveying ,
but mostly on hydraulics . weisbach received a series of professional honors in 1850 ,including
and honorary doctorate from the University of Leipzig in 1859 and the first honorary
membership granted by the verein Deutscher Ingenieure in 1860.Additionally he was a
corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, the Royal Swedish Academy
of Sciences, and the Accademia dei Lincei.
Weisbach also contributed significantly to what is know as the DarcyWeisbach equation which
in fluid dynamics is an equation which relates head loss or pressure due to friction along a
specified length of pipe to the average velocity of the fluid flow .
The head loss formula which Darcy and Weisbach developed for head loss is calculated by the
use of the equation 1.0 below , where hf is head loss due to friction , L is the legth of the pipe ,D
is the Diameter of the pipe ,V the average velocity , g is acceleration due to gravity and fD is the
Darcy friction factor

Equation 1.0
The Darcy Weisbach Equation is also useful to express Head loss in terms of volumetric flow
rate in Control volume , with carefull substitution the equation 1.2 is utilized .V is the average
velocity of the fluid flow , Q is the volumetric flor rate and Aw is the wetted cross-sectional area

 Equation 1.2
The final Darcy Weisbach equation for head loss in terms of volumetric flow rate is then
Defined , assuming a full flowing pipe as equation 1.3

Practical applications

In hydraulic engineering applications, it is often desirable to express the head loss in terms of
volumetric flow rate in the pipe. For this, it is necessary to substitute the following into the
original head loss form of the DarcyWeisbach equation

where

V is, as above, the average velocity of the fluid flow, equal to the volumetric flow rate per
unit cross-sectional wetted area (m/s);

Q is the volumetric flow rate (m3/s);

Aw is the cross-sectional wetted area (m2).

For the general case of an arbitrarily-full pipe, the value of Aw will not be immediately known,
being an implicit function of pipe slope, cross-sectional shape, flow rate and other variables. If,

however, the pipe is assumed to be full flowing and of circular cross-section, as is common in
practical scenarios, then

where D is the diameter of the pipe

Substituting these results into the original formulation yields the final equation for head loss in
terms of volumetric flow rate in a full-flowing circular pipe

where all symbols are defined as above.

where

hf is the head loss due to friction (SI units: m);

L is the length of the pipe (m);

D is the hydraulic diameter of the pipe (for a pipe of circular section, this equals the
internal diameter of the pipe) (m);

V is the average velocity of the fluid flow, equal to the volumetric flow rate per unit
cross-sectional wetted area (m/s);

g is the local acceleration due to gravity (m/s2);

fD is a dimensionless coefficient called the Darcy friction factor.[citation needed] It can be found
from a Moody diagram or more precisely by solving the Modified Colebrook equation.
Do not confuse this with the Fanning Friction factor, f.

In fluid dynamics, the DarcyWeisbach equation is a phenomenological equation, which relates

the head loss or pressure loss due to friction along a given length of pipe to the average
velocity of the fluid flow. The equation is named after Henry Darcy and Julius Weisbach.
The DarcyWeisbach equation contains a dimensionless friction factor, known as the Darcy
friction factor. This is also called the DarcyWeisbach friction factor or Moody friction
factor. The Darcy friction factor is four times the Fanning friction factor, with which it should
not be confused.[1]

Head loss form

Head loss can be calculated with

where

hf is the head loss due to friction (SI units: m);

L is the length of the pipe (m);

D is the hydraulic diameter of the pipe (for a pipe of circular section, this equals the
internal diameter of the pipe) (m);

V is the average velocity of the fluid flow, equal to the volumetric flow rate per unit
cross-sectional wetted area (m/s);

g is the local acceleration due to gravity (m/s2);

fD is a dimensionless coefficient called the Darcy friction factor.[citation needed] It can be found
from a Moody diagram or more precisely by solving the Modified Colebrook equation.
Do not confuse this with the Fanning Friction factor, f.

Practical applications

In hydraulic engineering applications, it is often desirable to express the head loss in terms of
volumetric flow rate in the pipe. For this, it is necessary to substitute the following into the
original head loss form of the DarcyWeisbach equation

where

V is, as above, the average velocity of the fluid flow, equal to the volumetric flow rate per
unit cross-sectional wetted area (m/s);

Q is the volumetric flow rate (m3/s);

Aw is the cross-sectional wetted area (m2).

For the general case of an arbitrarily-full pipe, the value of Aw will not be immediately known,
being an implicit function of pipe slope, cross-sectional shape, flow rate and other variables. If,
however, the pipe is assumed to be full flowing and of circular cross-section, as is common in
practical scenarios, then

where D is the diameter of the pipe

Substituting these results into the original formulation yields the final equation for head loss in
terms of volumetric flow rate in a full-flowing circular pipe

where all symbols are defined as above.

In 1854 Weisbach was offered a position at the Zurich Polytechnikum (to open in 1855); he
chose to remain at Freiberg and the following year assumed the further task of teaching machine
design. Also in 1855 he attended the Paris World Exposition, receiving and correcting proof for a
new edition of his Mechanik en route. During his professional career Weisbach published
fourteen books and fifty-nine papers on mathematics, mechanics, and surveying, but primarily on
hydraulics. An able experimenter, he presented most of his results in Experimental-Hydraulik
(Freiberg, 1855); they are also summarized in the hydraulics section of his Lehrbuch der
Ingenieur- und Maschinenmechanik (Brunswick). The two- (and eventually three-) volume work
went through five editions between 1845 and 1901 and was translated into English and other
languages. Some of his hydraulic data and formulas are stil in use.
From 1850 Weisbach received a series of professional honors, including an honorary doctorate
from the University of Leipzig in 1859 and the first honorary membership granted by the verein
Deutscher Ingenieure in 1860. He was a corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy
of Sciences, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and the Accademia dei Lincei.

the eight of nine children born to Christian Gottlieb Weisbach, a mine foreman, and Christina
Rebekka Stephan, Weisbach received his early education at the Iyceum in Annaberg and the
Bergschule in Freiberg. In 1822 borrowed funds enabled him to enter the Bergakademie, where
Mohs advised him to go on to Gttingen. After two years at the latter university, he followed
Mohs in 1829 to the Technical University and University of Vienna, where he studied
mathematics, physics, and meachanics. Weisbach spent six months of the following year
traveling on foot through Hungary, the Tirol, Bavaria, and bohemia. From 1831 to 1835 he
gradually assumed responsibility for all instruction in mathematics at the Freiberg Gymnasium
and, from 1832, that at the bergakademie as well, despite a low salary and little recognition. In
1832 he married Marie Winkler; their son, Albin, later became professor of mineralogy at the
Bergakademie.
The first of Weisbachs numerous publications, Bergmaschinenmechanik, appeared in 1835, and
the following year he was promoted to full professor of mathematics, mine machinery, and
surveying. A trip to the Paris Industrial Exposition in 1839 increased Weisbachs interest in
hydrulics and led to his first papers in this field. At the same time he contributed greatly to the
development of mine surveying methos, introducing the theodolite in place of compass and
protractor. Apparently an indefatigable worker, he assumed responsibility for courses in
descriptive geometry, crystallography, and optics, as well as general mechanics.

Julius Ludwig Weisbach (born 10 August 1806 in Mittelschmiedeberg (now Mildenau Municipality),
Erzgebirge, died 24 February 1871, Freiberg) was a German mathematician and enginee

Weisbach studied at the Bergakademie in Freiberg from 1822 - 1826. After that, he studied with
Carl Friedrich Gauss in Gttingen and with Friedrich Mohs in Vienna.
In 1831 he returned to Freiberg where he worked as mathematics teacher at the local
Gymnasium. In 1833 he became teacher for Mathematics and the Theory of Mountain Machines
at the Freiberg Bergakademie. In 1836 he was promoted to Professor for applied mathematics,
mechanics, theory of mountain machines and so-called Markscheidekunst.

Weisbach wrote an influential book for mechanical engineering students, called Lehrbuch der
Ingenieur- und Maschinenmechanik, which has been expanded and reprinted on numerous
occasions between 1845 and 1863.
He also refined the Darcy equation into the still widely used DarcyWeisbach equation.
In 1868 he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

In fluid dynamics, the DarcyWeisbach equation is a phenomenological equation, which relates

the head loss or pressure loss due to friction along a given length of pipe to the average
velocity of the fluid flow. The equation is named after Henry Darcy and Julius Weisbach.
The DarcyWeisbach equation contains a dimensionless friction factor, known as the Darcy
friction factor. This is also called the DarcyWeisbach friction factor or Moody friction
factor. The Darcy friction factor is four times the Fanning friction factor, with which it should
not be confused.[1]

Head loss form

Head loss can be calculated with

where

hf is the head loss due to friction (SI units: m);

L is the length of the pipe (m);

D is the hydraulic diameter of the pipe (for a pipe of circular section, this equals the
internal diameter of the pipe) (m);

V is the average velocity of the fluid flow, equal to the volumetric flow rate per unit
cross-sectional wetted area (m/s);

g is the local acceleration due to gravity (m/s2);

fD is a dimensionless coefficient called the Darcy friction factor.[citation needed] It can be found
from a Moody diagram or more precisely by solving the Modified Colebrook equation.
Do not confuse this with the Fanning Friction factor, f.

Practical applications

In hydraulic engineering applications, it is often desirable to express the head loss in terms of
volumetric flow rate in the pipe. For this, it is necessary to substitute the following into the
original head loss form of the DarcyWeisbach equation

where

V is, as above, the average velocity of the fluid flow, equal to the volumetric flow rate per
unit cross-sectional wetted area (m/s);

Q is the volumetric flow rate (m3/s);

Aw is the cross-sectional wetted area (m2).

For the general case of an arbitrarily-full pipe, the value of Aw will not be immediately known,
being an implicit function of pipe slope, cross-sectional shape, flow rate and other variables. If,
however, the pipe is assumed to be full flowing and of circular cross-section, as is common in
practical scenarios, then

where D is the diameter of the pipe

Substituting these results into the original formulation yields the final equation for head loss in
terms of volumetric flow rate in a full-flowing circular pipe

where all symbols are defined as above.