Regional Floods-Conference

A study for the European Commission
Present Situation of Flood Management

in the Western Balkans
November 2014
Western Balkans Investment Framework (WBIF),
A project of the
Infrastructure Projects Facility Technical
European Union
Assistance 4 (IPF 4)
Implemented by
Managed by the
European Western Balkans Joint Fund (EWBJF)
Western Balkans Investment Framework (WBIF)

Infrastructure Projects Facility
Technical Assistance 4 (IPF 4)
Infrastructures: Energy, Environment, Transport and
Social
TA 2012054 R0 WBF
Present Situation of
Flood Management
in the Western Balkans
November 2014
The technical assistance operation is financed under the Western Balkans

Investment Framework (WBIF) which is a joint initiative of the EU, International
Financial institutions, bilateral donors and the governments of the Western Balkans
which supports socio-economic development and EU accession across the
Western Balkans through the provision of finance and technical assistance for
strategic investments, particularly in infrastructure, energy efficiency and private
sector development.
Disclaimer: The authors take full responsibility for the contents of this report. The
opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the view of the European Union or
the European Investment Bank
Date of issue
Prepared
Checked
Approved
18.11.2014
Dr Merih Keresteciolu, Aye idem Arslancan
Vassilis Evmolpidis
Vassilis Evmolpidis
Contents
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Introduction
Objective
Activities
Structure of the Report
Acknowledgement
9
9
10
10
11
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
Background
Floods in Danube and Sava River Basins
Recent floods in BiH, Serbia and Croatia
Latest floods in other Western Balkan Countries
12
14
17
23
3
3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.4
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.5
3.5.1
3.5.2
3.6
3.6.1
3.6.2
3.7
Legislative Environment
Albania
Transposition of the Acquis
Implementation of the Acquis
Bosnia and Herzegovina
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Kosovo
Montenegro
Republic of Serbia
Conclusions
28
28
28
29
30
30
31
32
32
32
33
33
34
35
35
35
37
37
37
38
4
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.1.4
4.1.5
4.1.6
Ongoing Activities
Prevention, mitigation and risk management
Regional activities
Albania
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Montenegro
Republic of Serbia
41
43
44
51
55
62
63
64
4.1.7
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.3.4
Conclusions
Preparedness
Regional Projects
Serbia
Conclusions
Recovery
Regional Projects
Republic of Serbia
Conclusions
70
76
76
77
78
79
79
80
81
82
5
5.1
84
5.4
5.5
The Way Forward

Building a sound flood management system on
strong pillars
Development of the river basin management plans
Enhancement of the Civil Protection and
Response Capacity
Hot Points
Recommendations for the next steps
References
88
5.2
5.3
84
85
85
86
87
List of Abbreviations
ACAPS
Assessment Capacities Project
ALB
Albania
AL-DRMAP
Albania Disaster Risk Mitigation and Adaptation Project
BiH
Completed
CBC
Cross border cooperation
CCFAP
Climate Change Framework Action Plan
CEI
Central European Initiative
DCM
Decision of Council of Ministers
DFO
Dartmouth Flood Observatory
DG ELARG
Directorate General for Enlargement
DRC
Drina River Commission
DTM
Digital terrain model
ECRAN
Environment and Climate Regional Accession Network
EIB
European Investment Bank
EMIS
Environmental management information system
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency
ERDF
European Regional Development Fund
ERP
Emergency response planning
ERRA
Electronic Regional Risk Atlas
EU PROGRES
European Partnership with Municipalities Programme
EUIPF
Infrastructure Projects Facility
EUR
European currency, Euro
FBiH
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
FD
Floods Directive
FHM
Flood hazard map
FINMA
Financial Market Supervisory Authority
FORS
Foundation for the Development of Northern Montenegro
FRM
Flood risk map
GDP
Gross domestic product
GEF
Global Environmental Facility
GFDRR
Global Facility for Disaster Risk Reduction and Recovery
GIS
Geographical information system
HFS
Hydrologic prognostic (forecast) system
HMZCG
Hydro-meteorological and seismological Service of the Republic Montenegro
HPP
Hydro power plant
HRK
Croatian currency, Kuna
IBRD
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
ICJ
International Court of Justice
ICPDR
International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River
IDA
International Development Association
IFI
International financial institution
INEWE
Institute for Energy Water and Environment
IPA
Instrument for Pre-accession
IPF
Infrastructure Project Facility
IPF
Infrastructural Projects Facility
ISRBC
International Sava River Basin Commission
IWRM
Integrated water resources management
KFW
German Development Bank - Kreditanstalt fr Wiederaufbau
KOS
Kosovo
LIDAR
Light detection and ranging
MESP
Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning
MEUR
Million Euro
MNE
Montenegro
MOFTER
Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations
NWS
National weather service
PDNA
Post-Disaster Needs Assessment
PERS
Public Enterprise Roads of Serbia
PIU
Project Implementation Unit
PLAC
Policy and Legal Advice Centre
PMU
Project Implementation Unit
PWE
Public Water Enterprise
PWMC
Public Water Management Company
RBD
River basin district
RBMP
River basin management plan
RGA
Republic Geodetic Authority
RHMSS
Republic Hydro-Meteorological Service of Serbia
RHMZRS
Republican Hydro-meteorological Service, Republic of Srpska
RNA
Recovery needs assessment
RS
Republika Srpska
SC
Steering Committee
SCCF
Special Climate Change Fund
SECO
State Secretariat for Economic Affairs
SEE
Southeastern Europe
SEM
Sector for Emergency Management
SEPA
Serbian Environmental Protection Agency
SER
Republic of Serbia, Serbia
SME
Small and medium enterprise
SWE
Sweden
TA
Technical assistance
TIN
Triangular irregular network
UNDP
United Nations Development Programme
UNEP
United Nations Environment Programme
UNISDR
United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
UNSCR
United Nations Security Council
USAID
United States Agency for International Development
USD
Currency of United States of America, dollar
WatSan
Water and sanitation
WBIF
Western Balkans Investment Framework
WBIF
WFD
Water Framework Directive
WMIS
Water management information system
WMO
World Meteorological Organisation
List of Tables
Table 1
Cost (in Million Euros) of the flood catastrophes to the

Western Balkan Countries
16
Table 2
Implementation Status of WFD in Albania
29
Table 3
Implementation status of the FD in Albania
29
Table 4
Implementation status of WFD in BiH
31
Table 5
Implementation status of FD in FBiH
32
Table 6
Implementation status of WFD in the former Yugoslav

Republic of Macedonia
33
Table 7
Implementation status of WFD in Kosovo
34
Table 8
Implementation status of WFD in Montenegro
36
Table 9
Implementation status of FD in Montenegro
36
Table 10
Implementation status of WFD in Republic of Serbia
37
Table 11
Implementation status of FD in Republic of Serbia
38
Table 12
Transposition and implementation of WFD in Western

Balkan Countries
39
Transposition and implementation of FD in Western

Balkan Countries
39
Table 14
Phases of flood management
42
Table 15
Protective projects in the Western Balkan Region
Table 13
Table 16
Preparedness projects in the Western Balkan Region
Table 17
Recovery projects in the Western Balkan Region
71
51
78
82
Introduction
Following the severe floods that hit Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and Serbia in
May 2014, the European Commission together with France and Slovenia
organised a Donors' Conference on 16 July 2014 to support the countries in their
recovery efforts. An important conclusion of the Donors' conference was the
necessity for improving policy and regional coordination. In addition, the European
Commission committed to organising a Regional Conference on Flood Prevention
and Management on 24 November 2014 to enhance regional governance and
cross-border cooperation. In this context, a preparatory coordination meeting was
held in Brussels on 8 October 2014.
The main conclusion from the coordination meeting was that there are many
ongoing activities carried out by different actors both at national and regional
levels. In this context, it was concluded that the best way forward for regional
coordination would be one that includes two stages. The first stage includes the
preparation of a detailed and clear mapping of all flood prevention and flood
management activities in the region. Building on this mapping, the second stage
includes a detailed gap analysis to identify concrete measures that can be agreed
by relevant stakeholders at regional level.
Based on this assessment, it was found that a concrete deliverable concerning the
mapping of activities, which could be prepared, presented and shared with
stakeholders at the upcoming Regional Conference would allow the agenda in the
field to develop. It is clear that the detailed gap analysis is a demanding exercise
that will need more time and resources, and a higher degree of management and
coordination between the Directorate General for Enlargement (DG ELARG), the
beneficiary countries, international organisations, IFIs and bilateral donors.
1.1
Objective
The general objective of the initiative is to enhance the capacity of the Western
Balkan Countries in flood management, flood prevention and flood risk reduction
and to facilitate compliance with the pertinent European acquis on their way
towards accession to the European Union (EU).
Assignment objective
The objective of this assignment is to undertake an inventory mapping of the flood

prevention and enabling framework for flood management, with a view to
developing a pipeline of actions, including infrastructure investments, which aim to
prevent a re-occurrence of the the May 2014 floods and minimise the impact of
natural distater.
Objective of this Report This Report is prepared as a working paper describing the situation of the level of
flood management in Western Balkans with emphasis on Serbia and BiH. It
describes the indicative steps on how further work can be organised, what
information or actions are still required to enable drawing up a detailed work
programme for the region, based on general priorities and needs that are already
visible at this stage.
This report, prepared as the first input in this process, summarizes the inventory of
the flood management tools and investments in the Western Balkan Countries
mainly BiH and Republic of Serbia (but also Montenegro, Albania, the former
1
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Kosovo ). This mapping aims to help identify
outstanding actions.
It has to be noted that this is only the first step in a process of needs identification.
The work is mainly focused on infrastructure investments. However, the necessary
legislative actions and implementation to complement investments are also
identified.
1.2
Activities
The preparation of this report was based on the results of the following activities:
Assessment of all input data provided and classification of the information to

make them ready for compilation.
Assessment and compilation of:
the legislative alignment and status of the implementation of Flood

Management Acquis of the countries in the region.
the urgent management and investment measures for Serbia and BiH to
recover flood defences, and for future mitigation.
the flood management measures planned by the countries of the region:
mainly BiH and Serbia (but also Montenegro, Albania, the former
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Kosovo)
the activities of the international organizations and IFIs in the region
related to flood management and flood mitigation, based on the available
data.
Preparation of a paper to summarize the findings
1.3
Structure of the Report
Following this introduction, in Chapter 2 the background for floods is presented

with a summary of the recent flood related catastrophes in the Western Balkans
including the physical, social and economic impacts. At the beginning of the
Chapter, the Danube and Sava Basins are described and later the magnitude of
the 2014 floods that hit BiH, Serbia and Croatia are introduced. The latest
significant floods of the other countries are also presented.
This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSCR 1244 and the
ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.
10
The report provides an overview of the legislative environment in Chapter 3

summarizing the status of the transposition and implementation of the Water
Framework Directive (WFD) and Flood Directive (FD) for each country.
Chapter 4 presents the inventory of the flood management projects, including the
ones recently implemented, as well as those, which are in the implementation or
proposal stages.
In Chapter 4.3.4, conclusions of the flood mapping are summarized and the
proposed actions for future are presented.
Chapter 5 suggests the way forward to complete the gap analysis, as well as
providing some recommendations for this area of work.
1.4
Acknowledgement
The Consultant would like to express his gratitude to all persons and institutions,
who kindly supplied data and information and/or contributed to this assignment with
their constructive comments, including but not limited to the representatives of the
European Union Delegations in the Western Balkans, the pertinent Line Ministries
of all Western Balkan Countries, the World Bank, the European Investment Bank,
the German Development Bank, the Council of Europe Bank, the International
Commission for the Protection of the Danube River, the International Sava River
Basin Commission, the United Nations Environment Programme, the United
Nations Development Programme, the Central European Initiative and to all
colleagues in different DGs and departments of the European Commission.
Last but not least the consultant states his appreciation to the colleagues in the
Directorate General for Enlargement of the European Commission, not only for
their cooperation and coordination, but also for their continuously positive
behaviour and encouragement during the assignment. Without them this output
could never be prepared in such a short timeframe.
11
2
Danube River
Background
The Danube is the most important River in Central and Eastern Europe, the
European Union's longest and the continent's second longest (after the Volga).
The Danube is an international waterway; it originates in the town of
Donaueschingenwhich is in the Black Forest of Germanyat the confluence of
the Brigach and Breg Rivers. The Danube then flows southeast for 2,872 km
(1,785 mi), passing through four capital cities before emptying into the Black Sea
via the Danube Delta in Romania and Ukraine. The Danube River passes through
or touches the borders of ten countries: Romania (29.0% of basin area), Hungary
(11.6%), Serbia (10.2%), Austria (10.0%), Germany (7.0%), Bulgaria (5.9%),
2
Slovakia (5.9%), Croatia (4.4%), Ukraine (3.8%), and Moldova (1.6%). Its
drainage basin extends into nine more.
International
Commission for the
Protection of the
Danube River
The International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR) is a
transnational body, which has been established to implement the Danube River
Protection Convention. The ICPDR is formally comprised by the Delegations of all
Contracting Parties to the Danube River Protection Convention, but has also
established a framework for other organizations to join.
In 2000, the ICPDR contracting parties nominated the ICPDR as the platform for
the implementation of all transboundary aspects of the EU Water Framework
Directive (WFD). The work for the successful implementation of the EU WFD is
therefore high on the political agenda of the countries of the Danube river basin
district. In 2007, the ICPDR also took responsibility for coordinating the
implementation of the EU Floods Directive in the Danube River Basin.
Today national delegates, representatives from highest ministerial levels, technical
experts, and members of the civil society and of the scientific community cooperate
in the ICPDR to ensure the sustainable and equitable use of waters in the Danube
River Basin.
Since its creation in 1998 the ICPDR has promoted policy agreements and the
setting of joint priorities and strategies for improving the state of the Danube and its
tributaries, which includes improving the tools used to manage environmental
issues in the Danube basin, such as
Sava River
the Accident Emergency Warning System,

the Trans-National Monitoring Network for water quality, and
3
the information system for the Danube (Danubis).
The Sava flows through Slovenia, Croatia, along the northern border of BiH,
through Serbia, discharging into the Danube in Belgrade. The Sava forms the
northern border of the Balkan Peninsula, and the southern edge of the Pannonian
Plain.
2
3
WIKI (2014)
http://www.icpdr.org/main/icpdr/about-us
12
The Sava is 990 kilometres long, including 45-kilometre Sava Dolinka headwater
rising in Zelenci, Slovenia. It is the greatest tributary of the Danube by volume of
3
water (its average discharge at the confluence in Belgrade is approx. 1,700 m /s)
and second-largest after Tisza in terms of catchment area (97,713 square
kilometres) and length. It drains a significant portion of the Dinaric Alps region,
through the major tributaries of Drina, Bosna, Kupa, Una, Vrbas, Lonja, Kolubara,
Bosut and Krka. The Sava is one of the longest rivers in Europe and among a
handful of European rivers of that length that does not drain directly into a sea.
Figure 1
Sava River Basin overview map
KOSOVO
Source:
International Sava
River Basin
Commission
GWP Med (2014)
The International Sava River Basin Commission (ISRBC) has been established for
purpose of the implementation of the Framework Agreement on the Sava River
Basin (FASRB), namely the provision of cooperation of the Parties to the FASRB,
for realization of the following goals:
Establishment of an international regime of navigation on the Sava River and

its navigable tributaries, which includes provision of conditions for safe
navigation on the Sava River and its tributaries, inter alia, by:
adopting the plan on marking, maintenance and development of

navigable waterways;
adopting the unified rules of navigation, taking into account specific
conditions of certain parts of the navigable waterways;
adopting the technical rules concerning inland navigation vessels and
rules on obtaining the boat master certificates;
establishing the River Information Services;
13
Establishment of sustainable water management, which includes cooperation

on management of the Sava River Basin water resources in a sustainable
manner, including integrated management of surface and ground water
resources, in a manner that would provide:
water in sufficient quantity and of appropriate quality for the preservation,

protection and improvement of aquatic eco-systems (including flora and
fauna and eco-systems of natural ponds and wetlands);
water in sufficient quantity and of appropriate quality for all kinds of
use/utilization;
protection against detrimental effects of water (flooding, excessive
groundwater, erosion and ice hazards);
resolution of conflicts of interest caused by different uses and utilizations;
and
effective control of the water regime;
Undertaking of measures to prevent or limit hazards, such as floods, ice,

droughts and accidents involving substances hazardous to water, and to
4
reduce or eliminate related adverse consequences.
2.1
Floods in Danube and Sava River Basins
Historically, floods in the Western Balkans have never been exceptional. Historical
data on floods go back to 1822 when the first regulation/control works were
initiated in Herzegovina. During the last century, several large floods occurred on
the Sava River, the largest covering the whole region from Zagreb to Belgrade.
The Sava River valley, especially its middle part (from Zagreb to upanja), and the
lower part (downstream of upanja), as well as the downstream sections of the
5
Sava tributaries, are prone to flooding .
The floods occur generally in spring, after the snowmelt, and in autumn, after the
heavy rainfall. Depending on the cause, these types of flood exhibit different
features. Spring floods last longer and they do not have large maximum
discharges, while autumn floods are of shorter duration and have very high
extreme flows, when floods overflow the riverbank they last longer periods and
become more flat. The wide flood plains and the natural lowland areas in the
region act as detentions and retentions of the flood waves.
As it can be seen in Figure 2, the flood sensitive areas in the Danube Region
covers Western Balkans particularly Croatia, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The flood protection system in the Central and the Lower Sava River Basin relies
mostly on the natural retention areas and the flood protection levees. Generally,
the main levees were designed for 100-year return period floods, while in some
6
urban settlements for 1000-year floods . However, after the disintegration of the
4
5
6
http://www.savacommission.org/mission
ISRBC (2014)
ISRBC (2009)
14
former country in the early 1990's, where efforts were made to treat flood
7
management in the Sava River Basin in an integrated manner , flood management
has taken place only at national level. The hydraulic structures were not
maintained properly, some have been damaged but not repaired and monitoring
8
processes have been interrupted. Many reconstruction works are still pending.
Figure 2
Areas of potential significant flood risk in the Danube River Basin
Source: ICPDR (2013)
7
8
UN (1972)
ISRBC (2010)
15
Figure 3
Areas with potential significant flood risk in the Sava River Basin
Source: ISRBC (2014)
The latest, significant flood catastrophe in Albania took place in 2010 and 2011.
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Kosovo were hit in 2013. BiH,
Serbia and Croatia were the most vulnerable countries in the region in the last five
years with two flooding events, leading to significant casualties and damage.
Floods caused significant losses and damages in all countries of the region. The
effect of losses and damages to the national economies have been important.
Table 1 provides some examples on the socio-economic impact of floods in the
countries.
Table 1
Country
Cost (in Million Euros) of the flood catastrophes to the Western Balkan Countries
Date
Sep 2002
Damages
9
18
Albania
BiH
Losses
10
205
11
Dec 2010
60
May 2014
1,274
763
Jun 2010
153
Croatia
29
Total
References
223
EMDAT 2014, CIMA 2014
89
MH (2012), EMDAT 2014
2,037
BiH (2014a)
No data
ICPDR (2012)
12
May 2012
220
No data
HR (2014a)
the former
Yugoslav
Republic of
Macedonia
June 2004
2.9 13
No data
EMDAT 2014
Montenegro
Dec 2010
36
44
MNE (2011)
Serbia
May 2014
855
640
1,495
SER (2014a)
Exchange rate used for USD/EUR is 0.9825.

Exchange rate used for LEK/EUR is 136.501.
11
Exchange rate used for LEK/EUR is 136.501.
12
Exchange rate used for HRK/EUR is 7.669
13
10
16
2.2
Recent floods in BiH, Serbia and Croatia
Extraordinarily heavy rains fell over BiH and Serbia during the third week of May of
2014, causing massive flooding in the northern, eastern and central parts of the
BiH territories as well as Croatia and Serbia. A low-pressure area designated
Yvette or Tamara affected a large area of South-eastern and Central Europe,
causing floods and landslides. These regions received more than 250 (in some
areas up to 300) litres of rain per square metre, the highest amount measured in
the country in the last 120 years. This rainfall caused sudden and extreme flooding
of several rivers (Bosna, Drina, Una, Sava, Sana, and Vrbas) and their tributaries
as well as landslides. Urban, industrial and rural areas were completely submerged
under water, cut off without electricity or communications and with damage to
roads and transport facilities. Consequently, a vast number of houses were
destroyed, damaged or left underwater, leading to a significant number of
displaced households. The effect on production activities and basic and social
services varied; however, there was a particularly large impact on the agricultural
sector and small and medium commerce and activities in urban areas, which
affected livelihoods and generated a potential food supply deficit. (Figure 4)
This was a regional event, which spanned the whole of the Balkan region with
severe but differentiated impacts also in Serbia and Croatia. The extraordinary flow
and rise in river levels in all three countries demonstrated the importance of
enhanced flood protection and watershed management in general. The large
number of landslides that occurred and the increased instability of slopes are
factors that will lead to the inhabitability of some locations and the redesign of
some major roads.
17
Figure 4
Total precipitation 11 -17 May 2014
Source: NOAA (2014)
Figure 5
Source:
Flooded area in June 2014
BiH (2014a)
18
Republic of Serbia
The heavy rainfalls led to a rapid and substantial increase in water levels in the
main rivers in western, south-western, central and eastern Serbia: Sava, Tamnava,
Kolubara, Jadar, Zapadna Morava, Velika Morava, Mlava and Pek. In the Sava
River, the consequences were dramatic. Flash floods triggered the rise of water
levels almost immediately after the start of the rains which then dropped quickly
back following the cease. The water level at Beli Brod on the tributary river
Kolubara rose by 7 metres between 14-16 May but was back to normal levels by
18-19 May. Meanwhile, the level of the River Sava rose at a more gradual rate,
with an increase of 3.5 metres recorded over the period 14-20 May. The water
level on the Sava peaked after the rains had stopped and decreased much more
slowly after the peak (by some 20-30 centimetres per day).
Overall, the floods affected some 1.6 million people living in 38 municipalities/cities
mostly located in central and western Serbia. Two cities and 17 municipalities were
severely impacted.
Figure 6
Flood-affected area in Obrenovac
Source: SER (2014a)
Moreover, highly saturated soil followed by heavy rainfall triggered landslides

particularly in unstable hilly areas. The landslides occurred in inhabited areas
damaged many houses, roads, bridges and other infrastructure works.
Because of the disaster, 1.6 million persons were directly or indirectly affected in
the country. The floods and landslides caused 51 casualties, 23 of which were by
drowning. Some 32,000 people were evacuated from their homes, out of which
25,000 were from Obrenovac. Five thousand evacuees settled in temporary
shelters in camps established by the Government and the Serbian Red Cross.
In addition to the negative direct effects of the floods and landslides on the
population, the disaster brought about additional problems related to living and
environmental conditions. Due to the flooding, several health facilities sustained
damage and had to be temporarily closed, and health care to the population had to
be suspended; many schools were also damaged and/or were used as temporary
shelters for evacuees, and classes were suspended, with an early closing of the
19
school year. Floods waters and rising groundwater levels covered some industrial
zones and threatened to release hazardous waste with a potential negative impact
on the health condition of the population. Mine disposal sites were also flooded,
and the waste material was discharged into rivers used for drinking water.
Fortunately, these threats to health did not materialise as evidenced by chemical
analyses of the water sources.
Agricultural lands received relatively large amounts of sediment and other
materials, in some cases rendering the flooded areas unusable for farming.
Removal of such sediments will be required in the near future in order to restore
those lands into production. In Serbia, two coalmines were flooded whose
production is essential for the generation of electricity, and their operations have
been suspended.
A Recovery Needs Assessment (RNA) mission estimated that the total value of
destroyed assets in the 24 affected municipalities, that were included in the
assessment, amounts to EUR 885 million and that the value of losses was EUR
640 million, giving a total value of EUR 1,525 million equal to about 3% of the
gross domestic product of the country. Including municipalities that were excluded
in the needs assessment and which were affected to a smaller degree, the
estimated value of damage and losses may further be extrapolated to from EUR
1.7 to 1.8 billion.
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
The intense rainfalls were unexpectedly heavy with a reoccurrence frequency of

500-1000 years. The saturated soil meant that the rainfall transformed mainly into
surface runoff, which caused flash flooding of particularly smaller streams in a very
short period. The intensity of the rains experienced during this short period is
considered to have caused the most serious natural disaster in the country in the
past 120 years, affecting approximately one-third of the country and touching more
than one million people (more than fourth quarter of the population of 3.8 million).
The intensive growth of runoff created in less than 24 hours, flood waves on the
Sava River tributaries: Una, Sana, Vrbas, Vrbanja, Bosnia and Drina and the water
level raised to levels that had not been witnessed before. Water levels and flows of
the Sana, Vrbanja, Vrbas and Bosna Rives became above their historical peaks.
The level of Sava River at Raca (at the border with Serbia) reached a level that
was one metre higher than ever recorded. All these happened so fast that there
was no time for any emergency response and/or mitigation.
A significant security hazard was linked to the fact that landmines contaminated
over 70% of the flood-affected zone. Floods and landslides have caused some
landmines and unexploded ordnance (UXO) to migrate. Mine warning signs were
washed away or displaced.
20
Figure 7
Orasje minefield after the flood
Source: AE (2014)
A large number of municipalities immediately declared an emergency, while others

did so at a later stage. It is estimated that 81 municipalities in BiH suffered
damage, losses, social and/or environmental impact to varying degrees.
Figure 8
Flood affected municipalities14
Source: BiH (2014a)
14
Municipalities that declared a state of emergency (dark blue colour)

Municipalities recorded by the UN as of 5 June 2014 (light blue colour)
Municipalities communicated to the European Union Delegation as of 2 June (previous ones plus light
green colour ones)
21
The floods are estimated to have caused the equivalent of nearly 15% of gross
domestic product (GDP) in damage (9.3% of GDP) and losses (5.6%) in 2014 in
BiH. This amounts to around EUR 1.27 billion of damage and EUR 763.39 million
of losses. The hardest hit economic sectors were agriculture, transport and
productive activities. As a result, the economy of BiH is expected to contract by
0.7% in 2014.
Croatia
Croatia was affected by the floods to a lesser extent than Serbia or Bosnia. The
most critical area was in southern Slavonia.
The order of magnitude of the highest discharge values for the lower Sava region
3
was approximately 3500 to 4000 m /s. On 17 May 2014, the discharge
measurement at the location of Slavonski amac indicated a flow rate of 6007
3
m /s, the value exceeding the above-mentioned discharge values by 50% and
15
equivalent to a 1000-year return period.
In Croatia, 38,000 people were affected. The most affected towns and villages
were Gunja, Rajevo Selo, Rainovci, Posavski Podgajci, Vrbanja, Drenovci,
Stroinci, urii and Bonjaci. The embankment on the Sava River was breached
near Rajevo Selo and Rainovci, and thus evacuation was ordered for Gunja,
Rajevo Selo and Rainovci. As of 19 May, around 15,000 people in the eastern
most parts of Croatia were evacuated from their homes. One of the most critical
points was the embankment of the Sava River in Slavonski amac, where the
confluence of the Bosna and Sava is located. At that point, the embankments were
under severe pressure caused by the huge amount of water coming from Bosnia.
Several officials stated that if this embankment were breached, the entire region of
southern Slavonia, with a population of over 300 000, would be flooded. There
were also floods in Banovina region, in the towns of Hrvatska Kostajnica and Dvor,
16
mostly caused by the river Una, whose level had not been as high since 1955.
In the village Rajlevo Selo, one man drowned and two people was lost. Parts of
Slavonski Brod were evacuated. The border crossing between Croatia and BiH in
Dubica was closed after a bridge spanning Croatia and BiH broke down. Borders in
17
Brcko, Bosanski Samac and Orashje were also closed.
Although not as high as in Serbia and BiH, the economic impact of floods in
Croatia was enormous and is estimated at EUR 300,000,000. The floods forced
the evacuation of 20,000 people in eastern Croatia and there were casualties.
About 7,500 housing units were damaged and around 30% of them needed to be
demolished.
15
UNISDR (2014)
ACAPS (2014)
17
MT (2014)
16
22
Figure 9
Flood in Croatia, September 2014
Source: HR (2014b)
2.3
Albania
Latest floods in other Western Balkan

Countries
In Albania, severe flooding has occurred seven times in the last 150 years, in 1854,
1860, 1905, 1937, 1962-63, 1970-71 and 1992. The size of the 1962-63 floods,
ranking third in this list appears to have a return period of approximately 50 years.
During 1962-1963, flooding an area of 8,000 ha in the Mati River basin was
inundated for a period of 10 days. Records on other floods on the Mati River, such
as the more recent ones in January 2004 and November-December 2005 are
unfortunately very limited.
The last severe flooding on the coastal plains and the estuary of the Mati River
occurred in January 2010 and November-December 2011. In January 2010, the
flood coincided with the very high tide of the Adriatic at the discharge coastal
sector and heavy western winds. The water level of the river, however, was not far
beyond the usual high water flow of Mati River at that time of the year.
During the November-December 2010 flooding, the situation was worsened by a
higher flow in the Mati River. The maximum flow discharged through the Shkopeti
3
3
Spillway gates was 2900 m /sec at 4 pm on 3 December 2010 and 2700 m /sec
3
the rest of the day, followed by 1200 m /sec on 4 December 2010.
It is necessary to emphasise that the flood of December 2010 followed that of
November 2010 starting on 21 November 2010, when the Ulza and Shkopeti
reservoirs were full. However, the flood of this period based on the available data
and rough estimation did not pass the 50-year return period flood.
23
Figure 10
River basins in Albania
Source: COWIIPF (2012)
During 1962-1963, an 8000 ha area was inundated in the Mati River basin for a 10day period.
Based on initial assessments of impacts of climate change in the Drini and Mati
River Deltas, these were identified as areas of critical vulnerability to climate
18
change and variability, on the northern Adriatic coast of Albania .
Floods are considered frequent in the region. Historical records show
(unfortunately, they are very limited), that severe floods occur in every 40-50 years,
and that their frequency increases. In the last 20 years, three major floods caused
considerable damage.
The flood of the Drini and the Mati rivers in January 2004 resulted in damage in the
Lezha district, particularly in Kolsh, Balldren and Shnkoll Communes.
19
Dartmouth University archives on the major world floods records the 2005 flood
of Fani River (30 November-3 December), where seven people were dead, 5,620
2
km of land were affected, over 4,100 ha of farmland were flooded, 100 houses
were damaged. A bridge was destroyed and 10,000 people were isolated. The
flood in 1992 with a damage of USD 7 million is recorded in the same archives.
The former Yugoslav
Republic of
Macedonia
In June 2004, high, intensive rainfall caused floods and flash floods in 26
municipalities in the country located in the upper Vardar and in the central south
and south-eastern part of the country. Economic losses experienced during the
flash floods in 2004 show that 91.3% of the total damage is attributed to the
agricultural production mainly in the south-eastern part of the country. The biggest
losses occurred in the rural areas where households and cultivated areas have
20
been flooded.
18
UNDP (2010)
DFO (2014)
20
CfCA (2014)
19
24
Heavy rainfall caused flooding in several regions of the former Yugoslav Republic
of Macedonia between 23 - 26 February 2013. Several dams were damaged and
breached; infrastructure, agricultural fields and houses sustained damage as well.
More than 1,600 families were affected. Starting on 23 February 2013, heavy
rainfalls caused numerous floods in some regions. According to the gathered data,
the most affected regions were Kumanovo, Shtip, Sveti Nikole, Strumica,
Valandovo, Ohrid, Probishtip and Kochani. In Kumanovo region, because of the
heavy rains, the River Kojnarka overflew its riverbed in the communities Sredorek
and Kumanovo. This resulted in the flooding of more than 50 houses, and the
destruction of one pedestrian bridge. Fifty families were evacuated from the area,
and the local self-government and Red Cross branch undertook action to provide
shelter to the affected population.
In Sveti Nikole, more than 200 households were influenced, out of which 50 were
in critical situation. In Shtip, ten houses were flooded, located near the river
Bregalnica in Novo Selo. In the Valandovo region, the most affected village was
Josifovo, where more than 100 families were affected by the floods.
In the Ohrid region, the dam on the Slatinsko Lake was seriously damaged with
high possibility to crash. The locals from villages Slatino and Slatinski Ciflig were
evacuated together with their cattle and other animals. The governmental
institutions undertook measures for controlled leakage of the water, in order to
decrease the pressure on the damaged dams. In the Probistip region, the dam
Pishica was also seriously damaged and overflew. People in this region were
evacuated.
In the Kochani region, more than 100 houses were flooded and as well as
agricultural land. In the affected regions, the infrastructure was seriously damaged
(ruined bridges, water infrastructure, damaged dams, damaged local and regional
21
roads and no electricity) .
Kosovo
In Kosovo, historically in 1955, 1958 and 1966, build-up of extreme flooding was
22
preceded in every case by months of moderate and then severe floods.
The last heavy rainfall in Kosovo started on 14 March 2013 and lasted for more
than 24 hours. Many villages in several municipalities were flooded. The majority of
the affected areas are situated in the rural and poorer parts of Kosovo. Some
villages were isolated as well due to the damaged and/or not accessible bridges.
The rivers that flooded were Drini I Bardhe, Klina, Bistrica, and Lushta. The sudden
cold wave with low temperatures and strong winds all over Kosovo worsened the
situation of the affected population. 890 households were affected.
The most affected municipalities are Klina/ Klina, Skenderaj/Srbica, Peja/Pec,
Istog/ Istok, Kamenice/Kamenica, Gjakova/Djakovica, and Mitrovice/Mitrovica.
There were shortages of food and other essential goods, as the population was not
prepared for such a heavy rain, especially since the winter was not particularly
21
22
IFRC (2013a)
KOS (2011)
25
harsh. Many families were evacuated. The flooding damaged houses and personal
belongings, caused causalities in livestock and damage to agricultural land and
23
equipment.
Figure 11
Source:
Montenegro
Flooded area in Kosovo in 2013
IFRC (2013b)
During mid-November, continuing until the end of December 2010, Montenegro

was affected by strong cyclonic activity. The heavy continuous precipitations
combined with abnormally high air temperatures created a sudden increase in
water levels in the Lake Skadar (the maximum reached on 1 December 2010 at
11:15 am) and the rivers (i.e. the water levels in the Moraca River in Podgorica
increased by 6.70 metres in 24 hours and 9.17 metres in 48 hours). Also, the
continuously, abnormally high air temperatures (almost 10 C at 1500 m)
exacerbated very fast rapid melting of the snow cover, increasing further the rate of
rise of water levels in the Lim, Tara, Moraca, and Bojana Rivers and in Lakes
Skadar, Piva and in Niksic area. Devastating flash floods occurred in the northern
region.
An additional factor that contributed significantly to the extreme hydrological
conditions of the event were the very strong southerly winds in the area of Lake
Skadar and the Bojana River, limiting considerably the discharge of the Lake into
the Bojana River, and to the Adriatic Sea.
The December 2010 flood disaster affected the whole of Montenegro to various
extents and damages (and losses) occurred in all of the 21 municipalities. The total
damage and losses caused by the December 2010 flood disaster were EUR
43,929,473, out of which EUR 36,002,995 were damage and EUR 7,926,478 were
losses. The floods directly affected more than 9,300 people - 1.5% of the total
population of Montenegro who had to be evacuated. The impact of the December
23
IFRC (2013b)
26
2010 flood disaster was estimated at 1.49% of GDP, of which the damage was
1.22% of GDP and the losses were 0.27% of GDP. The infrastructure (road
transport, flood defence, and water supply and sanitation) sector had suffered the
highest level of damage and losses and the damage, which followed by the
productive sector (households, livelihoods and agriculture). Based on sector
24
information about losses, the most affected GDP sector was agriculture.
24
MNE (2011)
27
Legislative Environment
The EU acquis in this field is composed mainly by the following two EU Directives:
Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23

October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of
water policy as amended by Decision 2455/2001/EC and Directives
2008/32/EC, 2008/105/EC, 2009/31/EC and 2013/39/EU (Water Framework
Directive, WFD)
Directive 2007/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23

October 2007 on the assessment and management of flood risks (Floods
Directive, FD).
This section summarizes the assessment for Western Balkan Countries on the
status of transposition and implementation of the two main EC directives, based on
the March 2014 Environment and Climate Regional Accession Network (ECRAN)
Monitoring Reports.
3.1
Albania25
3.1.1 Transposition of the Acquis

Water Framework
Directive
Progress in the transposition of the WFD is continuing. The majority of Directives

provisions has been transposed into national legislation through Law No 112/2012
on integrated water management. The transposition has advanced further in last
year due to the drafting of the Decision of Council of Ministers (DCM) on the
content. However, adoption of the relevant secondary legislation, which was
foreseen in 2014, will not ensure full transposition of the WFD. It should be noted
that a transposition plan for provisions that have still to be transposed has not yet
been drawn up. Consequently, the date for full transposition has not been set.
The 2014 ECRAN Monitoring Report states that the transposition level of the WFD
is 65%.
Floods Directive
Transposition of the Floods Directive (FD) has advanced significantly in last year
due to the drafting of the DCM on the content, development and implementation
NWS of the river basin district (RBD), which is in the final law making stage. Full
transposition of this Directive will be achieved by the end of 2014.
The 2014 ECRAN Monitoring Report states that the transposition level of FD is
73%.
25
Based on ALB (2014)
28
3.1.2 Implementation of the Acquis

Water Framework
Directive
In 2013, there has been no progress reported in Albania on implementation of the

WFD. The majority of implementation deadlines has been postponed. Thus, the
implementation of individual obligations is mainly scheduled for the period 20152020. Apart from identifying competent authorities, no concrete implementation
measures have been taken yet. Full implementation is expected in 2020 although
the target date for meeting environmental objectives is 2025.
The level of implementation of the WFD in Albania is presented in Table 2 below.
Table 2
Implementation Status of WFD in Albania
LEVEL OF IMPLEMENTATION
Identifying RBDs. (Art. 3)
2016
Legal effect to administrative arrangements for int. rivers, lakes or coastal waters. (Art. 3)
2015
Designation of competent authority/ies. (Art. 3)
Floods Directive
Foreseen
date
Completed
Meeting environmental objectives for surface waters/ground water/protected areas (Art 4)
2025
Establishment of a register of Protected Areas. (Art. 6)
2016
Analysis of the characteristics of the RBD. (Art. 5)
2020
Review of the environmental impact of human activity. (Art. 5)
2020
Economic analysis of water use. (Art. 5)
2020
Establishment of programmes for monitoring water quality. (Art. 8)
2020
Establishment of programmes of measures for each RBD. (Art. 11)
2020
Publication of draft RBMP and making them available to the public for comments. (Art. 14)
2017
Publication of River Basin Management Plans. (Art. 13)
2017
Establishment of an effective enforcement system. (Art. 23)
2017
Full implementation.
2020
The implementation of FD remains at an early stage. Full implementation is

planned for 2020.
The Ministry of Environment has the leading role in drafting the policies, whereas
the line ministries, river basin councils and river basin agencies, together with
national environmental agency and other monitoring institutions are responsible for
the implementation. Coordination and exchange of information in international river
basin districts (RBD) shared with Member States and/or with third countries are
ensured.
The level of implementation of the FD in Albania is presented in Table 3 below.
Table 3
Implementation status of the FD in Albania
Foreseen
date
Setting up of administrative arrangements identification of the competent authority (Art. 3) Completed

Description of Floods which have occurred in the past and which had significant, adverse
impacts on human health, the environment, cultural heritage and economic activity (Art. 4)
2018
Assessment of potential adverse consequences of future floods for human health, the
environment, cultural heritage and economic activity (Art. 4)
2018
29
Preparation of flood hazard maps (FHM) and flood risk maps (FRM) (Art. 5)
2018
Establishment of appropriate objectives for the management of flood risks (Art. 7)
2018
Establishment of measures for achieving appropriate objectives for the management of

flood risks (Art. 7)
2015
Establishment of appropriate steps for coordinating application of Directive 2007/60/EC

and Directive 2000/60/EG (Art. 9)
2014
Publication of preliminary risk assessment, FHMs and FRMs, flood risk management
plans making them available to the (Art. 10)
2019
Full implementation
2020
3.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina26

Water Framework
Directive
In both entities of BiH transposition of the WFD is well advanced.

In FBiH, the Water Law (Official Gazette of FBiH, No 70/06) has transposed the
majority of the Directives provisions. Transposition has further advanced in last
monitoring period due to the adoption of the Decision on surface water and
groundwater characterisation, reference conditions and water status assessment
parameters and monitoring (Official Gazette of the FBiH, No. 1/14). Full
transposition will be achieved by December 2014 through adoption of the
amendments to the Water Law.
In RS, transposition of the Directive has been finalized through the adoption of the
Water Law (Official Gazette of RS, No 50/06 and 92/09) and the Decision on the
determination of borders of River Basin Districts and river basins in the territory of
the RS (Official Gazette of RS, No 98/06).
2014 ECRAN Monitoring Report states that the transposition level of WFD is 98%
and 100% for FBiH and RS, respectively.
Floods Directive
The information provided last year by FBiH has shown that the transposition of the
FD (2007/60/EC) is already fairly advanced, but with no legislative plans available
for achieving full transposition.
Majority of the provisions have been transposed by the Regulation on the type and
content of protection plans for water harmful effects (Official Gazette of FBiH, No
26/09), apart from provisions contained in Article 10, which has been transposed
by the Water Law.
2014 ECRAN Monitoring Report states that the transposition level of FD is 71%.
No updated data is available from RS referring to the transposition of the FD.
26
Based on BiH (2014b)
30

Water Framework
Directive
In FBiH the process of identification of river basins has been carried out and
financial implications of the Directive have been assessed up to now. Furthermore,
public participation system has been put in place.
Competent authorities of FBiH has provided two sets of dates in the timetable for
implementation, one according to the Water Law and the other pursuant to the
Water Management Strategy of the WBIF, which has postponed implementation of
the majority of individual obligations. Thus, implementation of the majority of
individual obligations is scheduled for the period 2014-2015, whereas the date of
full implementation is envisaged for 2027.
The level of implementation of the WFD in BiH is presented in Table 4 below.
Table 4
Implementation status of WFD in BiH

Foreseen date
Completed
Legal effect to administrative arrangements for int. rivers, lakes or coastal

waters. (Art. 3)
Completed
Designating competent authority/ies. (Art. 3)
Completed
Meeting env. objectives for surface waters/ground water/protected areas (Art 4)

Establishing a register of Protected Areas. (Art. 6)
28
28
Completed/2015
Completed
Completed /2014
28
Completed /2014
28
Establishing programmes for monitoring water quality. (Art. 8)
Completed /2014
28
Establishing programmes of measures for each RBD. (Art. 11)
Completed /2015
28
Publishing draft RBMP and making them available to the public for comments.
(Art. 14)
Completed /2014
28
Publishing River Basin Management Plans. (Art. 13)
Completed /2015
28
Establishing an effective enforcement system. (Art. 23)

Floods Directive
27
2024 /2027
Completed
27
28
2024 /2027
There has been no progress reported by FBiH as regards implementation of the

FD in last monitoring period. Full implementation is scheduled for 2017.
Coordination with the WFD has been ensured and information on preliminary risk
assessment is already available and FRMs have been prepared.
Flood
management is based on the flood risk management cycle.
Level of implementation of the FD in FBiH is presented in Table 5 below.
27
In accordance with the Water Law of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of
FBiH No. 70/06).
28
In accordance with the Water Management Strategy of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina,
adopted on 20.12.2011.
31
Table 5
Implementation status of FD in FBiH
Foreseen
date

Description of Floods which have occurred in the past and which had significant adverse
Completed
Completed
Preparation of FHMs and FRMs (Art. 5)
2015
Establishing appropriate objectives for the management of flood risks (Art. 7)
2017
Establishing measures for achieving appropriate objectives for the management of flood
risks (Art. 7)
2017
Establishing appropriate steps for coordinating application of Directive 2007/60/EC and

Directive 2000/60/EG (Art. 9)
2017
Publishing preliminary risk assessment, FHMs and FRMs, flood risk management plans
making them available to the (Art. 10)
2017
Full implementation
2017
No updated data is available from RS referring to the implementation of the FD.
3.3
The former Yugoslav Republic of

Macedonia29

Water Framework
Directive
The transposition of the WFD currently reaches 92%. Full transposition is

scheduled for the end of 2015. The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia has no
transitional and coastal waters. 2014 ECRAN Monitoring Report states that the
transposition level of WFD is 92%.
Floods Directive
Transposition of the FD is at an early stage. Estimated date for achieving full

transposition has been postponed for the end of 2018. 2014 ECRAN Monitoring
Report states that the transposition level of FD is 14%.

Water Framework
Directive
Implementation of WFD is at an early stage, with only few obligations reported as

implemented. Progress in implementation will be achieved in the upcoming period
because of the outputs of the ongoing technical assistance in the field of water
management. Thus, implementation of the majority of Directives requirements in
planned for the period 2015-2018, whereas full implementation is envisaged in
2021. Level of implementation of the WFD in the former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia is presented in
Table 6 below
29
Based on the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (2014)
32
Table 6
Floods Directive
Implementation status of WFD in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Foreseen
date
Completed
Completed
Completed
2016
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2016
Publishing draft RBMP and making them available to the public for comments. (Art. 14)
2017
2021
2018
2021
Precise implementation schedule for the FD has not been provided yet. The
implementation plan for meeting the requirements of the FD will be developed
based on the outputs of the project Assessment and management of flood risks
directive planned within IPA 2 for the planning year 2014, which is expected to start
in mid-2016.
3.4
Kosovo30

Water Framework
Directive
Not much progress has been reported towards transposition of the WFD in
Kosovo. In 2013, the new Water Act has been adopted which has ensured partial
transposition of this Directive. Further transposition efforts are still required in order
to achieve full transposition of the WFD.
2014 ECRAN Monitoring Report states that the transposition level of WFD is 49%.
Floods Directive
The transposition of the FD is at an early stage. The transposition plan in terms of

the legal instrument and deadline for achieving full transposition has not been
determined yet.
30
Based on KOS (2014)
33

Water Framework
Directive
The Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning (MESP) has been identified as
competent authority for implementation of the WFD. River Basin Districts (RBD)
have already been identified and River Basin Units, which collect information and
keep the records, are in place. Financial support is however, needed to identify
groundwater and assign them to a RBD. Introduction of criteria in this respect is
pending until the adoption of the regulation for classification of groundwater.
The MESP is competent for preparing proposals for identifying RBD. As regards
the international RBD, MESP has signed the memorandum for one RBD with
neighbouring state but no further data are provided.
With regard to the basic information for river basin management and the
establishment of a system for collection of information for each river basin district
(RBD) and/or for the portion of an international river basin district (IRBD) falling
within the territory, it is reported that River Basin units have been developed (2
units per basin) that collect information and keep records. However, this concerns
only river basins within country territory, as no mechanism has been developed yet
for international river basins. Further, work is in progress regarding the status of
underground and surface waters as supported by the EC project. Work is also
ongoing regarding the identification of impact of human activities (urban, industrial,
and agricultural). However, a range of implementing measures needs to be
adopted as regards economic analyses, which has not started yet due to lack of
internal technical experience. In addition, further efforts should be made to assess
the financial implications of the Directive.
Overall, the implementation of the WFD in Kosovo remains at an early stage and
full implementation is foreseen in 2020.
The level of implementation of the WFD in Kosovo is presented in Table 7 below.
Table 7
Implementation status of WFD in Kosovo
Foreseen
date
Completed
2014
Completed
TBD31
Completed
2014
2014
2014
2014
2015
2017
31
Not determined yet. To be determined.
34
Floods Directive
Foreseen
date
2018
2014
2020
The FD is at an early stage of implementation in Kosovo. With regard to the

coordination between the implementation of the FD 2007/60/EC and the WFD
2000/60/EC (WFD) the coordination between the MESP and the Ministry of Interior
are currently being developed. A detailed implementation plan for the FD has not
been developed yet.
3.5
Montenegro32

Water Framework
Directive
The transposition of the WFD is not very advanced. Current transposition status
has been achieved mainly through provisions of the Law on Water (Official Gazette
of MNE, No. 27/07, 32/11 and 47/11). Amendments to the Law on Water planned
for 2014 will transpose majority of the remaining provisions, while adoption of the
new Regulation on water quality and determining water status planned for 2016 will
ensure transposition of the Annexes VIII-X. Hence, full transposition is foreseen in
2016. 2014 ECRAN Monitoring Report states that the transposition level of WFD is
67%.
Floods Directive
Not enough progress has been achieved towards transposition of the FD.
Amendments to the existing Law on Water scheduled for 2014 will influence the
transposition of the FD by ensuring legal basis for adoption of the secondary
legislation regulating content and development of flood risk management plan. Full
transposition previously planned for 2015 has been postponed for 2016. 2014
ECRAN Monitoring Report states that the transposition level of FD is 52%.

Water Framework
Directive
The implementation status of the WFD in 2014 has been slightly changed. So far,
five obligations such as identifying RBDs, designating competent authority, giving
legal effect to administrative arrangements for international rivers, lakes or coastal
waters, conducting economic analysis of water use and establishing an effective
enforcement system have been reported as implemented. However,
implementation of the key obligations has not started yet. Thus, measures for
achieving compliance with Article 4 (meeting the environmental objectives), Article
5 (analysis of characteristics of RBD and review of the environmental impact of
human activity), Article 6 (establishing register of protected areas) and Article 13
(publishing the RBMP) will be implemented by 2025. In addition, adoption of the
32
Based on MNE (2014a)
35
programme of measures for each RBD is planned for 2016. An adequate and
realistic implementation plan has not been determined yet. Estimated date for full
implementation, previously set for 2026, has not been provided in this monitoring
year.
The level of implementation of the WFD in Montenegro is presented in Table 8
below.
Table 8
Implementation status of WFD in Montenegro
Foreseen
date
Completed
Completed
Completed
2025
2025
2025
2025
2008
2016
2025
2025
2025

Floods Directive
Completed
TBD
(2026)
Implementation of the FD is at an early stage, with only one obligation concerning

administrative arrangements implemented so far. Implementation plan provided in
previous monitoring period has been revised and the estimated implementation
dates have been further postponed. Implementation of the specific obligations is
planned for the period 2018-2025, while the date for full implementation has not
been determined yet.
Level of implementation of the FD in Montenegro is presented in Table 9 below.
Table 9
Implementation status of FD in Montenegro
Foreseen
date
Setting up of administrative arrangements identification of the competent authority (Art. 3)
2007
2018
2018
2021
2025
Establishing measures for achieving appropriate objectives for the FRM (Art. 7)
2025
2014
36
Foreseen
date

Full implementation
3.6
2025
TBD
(2020]33
Republic of Serbia34

Water Framework
Directive
A preliminary transposition plan for this Directive has been determined, and it
includes the adoption of amendments to the Law on Waters in 2015: the adoption
of relevant by-laws in 2016, amendments to the Law in 2017 and achievement of
full transposition in 2018, by the adoption of relevant by-laws. Detailed legal gap
analyses, will be carried out in 2014, with the assistance of the Policy and Legal
Advice Centre (PLAC) Project.
2014 ECRAN Monitoring Report states that the transposition level of WFD is 76%.
Floods Directive
The Art. 7.1 (establishment of flood risk management plans) has been assessed as
implemented in 2014. The majority of the Directives provisions will be transposed
through the Rulebook on the establishment of methodology for preparation of
FHMs, the adoption of which is scheduled for 2014.

Water Framework
Directive
There has been no progress in implementation of the WFD in the reporting period.
Deadlines for the implementation of some of the Directives requirements were
postponed compared to the previous year; however, the deadline for full
implementation has not been determined yet.
It should be noted that a legal gap analysis has been initiated in 2014 through the
PLAC project, in order to identify potential gaps in transposition and set a
transposition plan for this Directive, as reported by the competent Ministry.
Level of implementation of the WFD in Republic of Serbia is presented in Table 10.
Table 10
Implementation status of WFD in Republic of Serbia
Foreseen
date
Completed
33
Number in parenthesis indicates the last commitment, which has to be predetermined and
recommitted.
34
Based on SER (2014b)
37
Floods Directive
Foreseen
date
Completed
Completed
TBD
2017
2015
2015
2015
2020
2015
2014
2015
2018
TBD
There has been no progress in implementation of the FD. The dates estimated for
achieving full implementation previously planned for end of 2015 have been
postponed to end of 2016 and 2017. The year of full implementation has not been
determined yet.
Level of implementation of the FD in Republic of Serbia is presented in Table 11.
Table 11
Implementation status of FD in Republic of Serbia
Foreseen
date

2018
2018
2021
2025
Establishing measures for achieving appropriate objectives for the management of flood
risks (Art. 7)
2025

2014
2025
Full implementation
3.7
TBD (2020)33
Conclusions
The level of transposition of the directives in Western Balkans is not homogenous.

In general, the transposition of WFD is more advanced than the transposition of the
FD.
38
Water Framework
Directive
As indicated in Table 12, the transposition of the WFD in the countries ranges from
49% (Kosovo) up to 98% (BiH). In general it can be concluded that BiH and the
former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia are two countries close to the completion
of the transposition of the directive.
Table 12
Transposition and implementation of WFD in Western Balkan Countries 35
TARGETS FOR IMPLEMENTATION
ALB
BiH
MKD
KOS
MNE
SER
Defining RBDs
2016
Legal effect to administrative arrangements
2015
2014
Meeting environmental objectives
2025
2027
2016
TBD
2025
TBD
Establishing a register of Protected Areas
2016
2015
2025
2017
Analysis of the characteristics of the RBD
2020
2015
2014
2025
2015
Review of environmental impact of human activity
2020
2014
2015
2014
2025
2015
Economic analysis of water use
2020
2014
2015
2014
2015
Establishing programmes for monitoring WQ
2020
2014
2015
2014
2016
2020
Establishing programmes of measures for RBDs
2020
2015
2016
2015
2025
2015
Publishing draft RBMP including public comments
2017
2014
2017
2017
2025
2014
Publishing RBMP
2017
2015
2021
2018
2025
2015
Effective enforcement system.
2017
2018
2014
2018
2020
2027
2021
2020
TBD
TBD
65
98
92
49
67
76
Designating competent authority/ies.
LEVEL OF TRANSPOSITION %
If implementation of WFD is considered, the two leading countries are BiH and
Montenegro.
A significant recent development is the completion of the development of the Sava
River Basin Management Plan (covering all the basin countries, including MNE) by
the ISRBC, which will be approved at the upcoming Meeting of the Parties in
December 2014.
Floods Directive
The transposition of the Floods Directive is less advanced and ranging from 12%
(Kosovo) up to 73% (Albania). Transposition of the Directive in the former
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Kosovo is at an immature level. The status of
the transposition and implementation of the Floods Directive is
Table 13.
BiH has the highest level of implementation of Flood Directive if compared to the
others in the region. However, even BiH has a significant way to go and the
completion of the requirements of Floods Directive in BiH is targeted for 2017.
Table 13
Transposition and implementation of FD in Western Balkan Countries
TARGETS FOR IMPLEMENTATION

Setting up of administrative arrangements
Description of floods
35
ALB
BiH
C
2018
MKD
KOS
MNE
SER
2007
2018
2018
TBD = to be determined. C = Completed.
39
Assessment of potential adverse consequences
2018
2018
2018
Preparation of FHM and FRM
2018
2015
2021
2021
Establishing appropriate objectives for FRM
2018
2017
2025
2025
Establishing measures for FRM
2015
2017
2025
2025
Coordination of 2007/60/EC and 2000/60/EG
2014
2017
2014
2014
Publishing PRA FHM FRM
2019
2017
2025
2025
2020
2017
TBD
TBD
73
71
52
71
LEVEL OF TRANSPOSITION %
Remarks
14
12
It has to be highlighted that some of the above figures include ambiguity and
conflicts. In accordance with the latest ECRAN reports Serbia and Montenegro did
not declare any target for the full implementation of the Water Framework and
Flood Directives. Moreover no detail is available from the former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia and Kosovo concerning to the implementation status of the
Floods Directive.
The targets of Albania and Kosovo for the implementation of WFD seems more
than challenging. Particularly the target year of Albania for full implementation of
WFD is conflicting with the target year for meeting environmental objectives.
Similarly for several countries if the targets for the implementation of the Floods
Directive are considered, the target year set for coordination between the WFD and
FD the preparation cannot be completed if the hazard and risk maps are not
prepared before.
The preparation of the hazard and risk maps are not completed by any of the
countries. These items constitute the basic gap among the requirements. In case
necessary finance can be secured to fulfil this requirement the implementation of
the Floods Directive will receive a significant push.
40
Ongoing Activities
This Chapter presents an overview of the recently completed projects and ongoing
activities in field of flood management in the Western Balkans. Major projects
which have been proposed but not approved as yet are also included in the
inventory below. Most of the data used for the below inventory is provided by the
EC Directorates, EU Delegation to Western Balkan Countries, International
Finance Institutions, as well as the two river commissions. All references are
submitted in Appendix 1.
Conventional
classification
Sound flood management may be described as shown in Figure 12 below, which is

identical to the conventional cycle of disaster management.
Figure 12
Flood management cycle
These phases are described shortly in Table 14 below.
41
Table 14
Phase
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Phases of flood management

Definition
Preventing
future
emergencies
or minimizing
their effects
Preparing to
handle
potential
floods
Responding
safely to a
flood
catastrophe
Remarks
Includes any activity that prevents flood, reduces the probability of
happening, or reduces the damaging effects of floods
May include any type of preventive action, including but not limited
to planning, investments, procurement, insurance, etc.
Usually has to be effective before the flood. Some of the recovery
actions can involve the mitigative measures for future.
Includes plans or preparations made to save lives and to help
response and rescue operations.
Evacuation plans and stocking food are part of preparedness.
Preparedness activities have to take place before the flood.
Includes actions taken to save lives and prevent further property
damage during flood. May be defined as putting the preparedness
plans into action.
Establishment of refugee houses or dewatering flooded houses are
typical response activities.
Response activities are implemented during the flood.
Recovery
Recovering
from an
emergency
Includes actions taken to return to a normal or an even safer

situation following the flood
Recovery includes access to finance to cover the repairs.
Recovery takes place after the flood.
Alternative approach
Despite the conventional classification summarized in Table 14 and Figure 12,

distinguishing Prevention/Preparedness/ Response/Recovery is not necessarily
perfectly applicable to floods because many activities and investments may
combine more purposes and functions at the same time.
Therefore several institutions including the World Bank revised the approach to the
disaster risk management (DRM) to a more modern and more developmental
approach; a comprehensive disaster (floods, earthquakes, etc.) risk management
framework is defined. (GFDDR, 2012).
In accordance to this classification the disaster risk management is founded on five
main pillars. The first pillar is risk identification which includes understanding
hazards, exposure, and vulnerability.
Second main pillar is the risk reduction. Flood risk information can inform different
development strategies, plans and projects that can in turn reduce risks.
Adequate preparedness, as the third pillar, is essential, as risk can never be
completely eliminated or reduced. Preparedness through early warning systems
save lives and protect livelihoods and is one of the most cost-effective ways to
reduce the impact of disasters.
Financial protection is the fourth pillar and constitutes one of the main differences
between two classifications. Financial protection strategies protect governments,
businesses and households from the economic burden of disasters.
Last but not least, resilient reconstruction after a disaster is an important
opportunity to promote resilience. In times of disruption and reconstruction, the
sensitivity of governments and the affected population to disaster risks is at its
42
highest. This challenge also presents an opportunity to promote investment in

DRM through integrated resilient recovery and reconstruction planning.
This flood risk management approach is indicated in Figure 13.
Figure 13
Source:
Flood risk management approach
GFDDR (2012)
This paper is drafted in accordance with the conventional classification. Moreover,

it focuses mainly on the prevention, mitigation and risk management projects. The
financial risk management tools are included among the prevention, mitigation and
risk management projects.
The preparedness and recovery measures are also addressed limited with the
available data; however the responsive action were not taken in the scope of this
study.
4.1
Prevention, mitigation and risk management
A significant number of activities are ongoing both at the regional level as well as in
the countries of the Western Balkans. This chapter summarizes the regional
activities as well as the projects (completed, recently, ongoing and proposed)
43
which may be considered as flood prevention, preparedness and recovery

activities in the Western Balkans.
4.1.1 Regional activities

ISRBC activities
The ISRBC proposed and facilitated the development of the Protocol on Flood
Protection to the Framework Agreement on the Sava River Basin as an
international legal basis for regional cooperation of the Sava River Basin countries
in the field of flood management. The Protocol regulates the issues of sustainable
flood protection in the Sava River Basin caused by either natural phenomena such
as high flows of rivers and ice jamming, or artificial impacts like water discharge
from reservoirs and retentions induced by dam collapsing or inadequate handling,
with aim to prevent or limit flood hazard, to reduce flood risk and to reduce or
36
mitigate detrimental consequences of floods .
The key joint activities to be implemented based on the provisions agreed by the
Protocol are:
1
Development of the joint Flood Risk Management Plan in the Sava River
Basin with all preliminary steps in accordance with the Directive 2007/60/EC
on the assessment and management of flood risks.
Establishment of the Flood Forecasting, Warning and Alarm System in the

Sava River Basin
Exchange of information relevant for sustainable flood protection
Other commonly agreed activities, including development of mechanisms for

mutual assistance in flood emergency situations
It is important to emphasize that significant steps have already been taken in terms
of implementation of this Protocol, even though the Protocol has not yet formally
entered into force. The commitment of the Parties to implement joint activities
based on the Protocol has been expressed in Declarations of the third and fourth
Meetings of the Parties to the Framework Agreement (in Ljubljana on 1 June 2011
37
and Sarajevo on 31 May 2013 respectively) . The draft of the Programme for
Development of the Flood Risk Management Plan has already been prepared at
the expert level. The expected timing of adoption is mid-2015. A joint report on
38
preliminary flood risk assessment in the Sava River Basin has been prepared ,
which is considered the fulfilment of the obligation to ensure that exchange of
information takes place between the competent authorities of states in international
river basin districts, as stipulated by the EU FD and the provisions of the Protocol.
Regarding the information exchange, the ISRBC prepared, in cooperation with
WMO, the document "Policy for the Exchange of Hydrological and Meteorological
36
Brief Outline of Sava Commission Activities Regarding Flood Protection, Sava Commission
Secretariat, isrbc@savacommission.org
37
Brief Outline of Sava Commission Activities Regarding Flood Protection, Sava Commission
Secretariat, isrbc@savacommission.org
38
Available at: http://www.savacommission.org/publication
44
Data and Information in the Sava River Basin", which was signed by all
hydrometeorological services of the Sava River Basin countries. In addition, an
initial hydrological data exchange system has been developed at the ISRBC web
site, with plans to upgrade it to Sava HIS (hydrologic information system), if
adequate resources are available.
Improvement of Joint
Actions in Flood
Management in the
Sava River Basin
Improvement of Joint Actions in Flood Management in the Sava River Basin

Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Promoter
Bosnia and Herzegovina,

Montenegro and
Republic of Serbia
Sava River Basin
Bosnia and
Herzegovina,
Montenegro and
Republic of Serbia
International Sava
River Basin
Commission (ISRBC)
Finance
Budget
Started
Completed
WBIF Grant
EUR 2,000,000
Planned for 2015

Objective
KOSOVO
To support capacity building, studies and

investments to strengthen the capacity of the
governments of BiH, Serbia and Montenegro to
plan and implement integrated, cooperative
international management of the river basin and
address climate change adaptation in the Drina
river basin.
Activities/Outputs
This project, even though it is envisaged as a consolidated whole, will not result in a fully operational
system for flood forecasting and warning. Beside the implementation of the system on the basin-wide
level, it is assessed that further efforts are needed for strengthening national capacities, with major
needs for monitoring equipment, etc.
The project is composed of two components:
1. Flood Risk Management Plan for the Sava River Basin, including the Programme of measures and
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the PoM
2.
BiH, Serbia and

Montenegro West
Balkans Drina River
Basin Management
Project
Flood Forecasting and Warning System for the Sava River Basin, with the following main
components:
Identification, assessment and acquisition of relevant data and information for the Sava River
Basin
Harmonization of data and methods: a common platform
Assessment of predictive uncertainty and scenario generation
Set up, testing and operational use of predictions
Gap analysis
Investment program
West Balkans Drina River Basin Management Project

Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Promoter

Montenegro and
Republic of Serbia
Drina River Basin
Bosnia and
Herzegovina,
Montenegro and
Republic of Serbia
MOFTER of BiH
Finance
Budget
Started
Completed
Global Environmental
Facility Grant (50 %)
Special Climate Change
Fund Grant (50 %)
USD 10,000,000
(EUR 8,000,000)39
Under preparation
Planned for 2015
2018
Objective
To support capacity building, studies and

investments to strengthen the capacity of the
governments of BiH, Serbia and Montenegro to
39
45
plan and implement integrated, cooperative

international management of the river basin and
address climate change adaptation in the Drina
river basin.
Activities/Outputs
The following activities are planned to be implemented:
Support to Water
Resources
Management in
Drina River Basin
Development of an agreed Strategic Action Program (SAP)
Institutional Development and Capacity Building.
Support for Flood and Drought Management and Community Participation

Support to Water Resources Management in Drina River Basin
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Lead IFI

Montenegro and
Republic of Serbia
Drina River Basin
Bosnia and
Herzegovina,
Montenegro and
Republic of Serbia
The World Bank
Finance
Budget
Started
Completed
WBIF Grant
EUR 1,200,000
2014
2015
Objective
To support more effective water resources

management in Drina river basin with a special
focus on flood and drought mitigation, and
hydropower and environmental management,
based on good practices and within the
framework
of
integrated
water
resource
management.
Activities/Outputs
The project proposes a support to the water management authorities in BiH, Montenegro and Serbia in
preparation of the Drina RBMP and the Investment Prioritization Framework in accordance with (i) their
Water Laws (using the Drina river basin as a pilot for other basins), and (ii) EU water policy in general
and EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) and Floods Directive in particular and give a special
consideration to plans and strategies in the energy sector in the watershed and in the wider region, in
order to determine the most important operational and investment interventions in the basin. The scope
also includes the review and prioritization of investments and management options.
Building resilience to
Disasters in the
Western Balkans
and Turkey
Disaster risk reduction/Disaster risk management Projects of IPA

Building resilience to Disasters in the Western Balkans and Turkey
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Promoter
Western Balkans and

Turkey
South Eastern Europe
Western
Balkans and
Turkey
United Nations International

Strategy for Disaster Reduction
(UNISDR) as lead partner and
the World Meteorological
Organisation (WMO)
Finance
Budget
Started
Completed
IPA Multi-beneficiary
Programme grant
EUR 2,200,000
May 2012
October 2014
Objective
To reduce the vulnerability of IPA beneficiary

countries to disasters caused by the impact of
natural hazards in line with the Hyogo
Framework for Action and increase their
resilience to climate change and
Activities/Outputs
The project aims to enhance regional cooperation and capacity in addressing DRR in the context of
existing risks posed by typical natural hazards related to meteorological and hydrological hazards as
well as new risks posed by a changing climate with focus on:
Enhancing regional networking and coordination in DRR
46
Strengthening cross border cooperation in disaster risk management
South East Europe

and Caucasus
Catastrophe Risk
Insurance Facility
(Albania, BiH, the
former Yugoslav
Republic of
Macedonia, and
Serbia)
Enhance the regional capacity to supply / share / exchange data and information in the area of
DRR
Flood Risk Insurance in BiH, Serbia and the former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia
Country
Location
Beneficiaries

Republic of Serbia and
the former Yugoslav
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Homeowners, farmers, enterprise sector and

Republic of Serbia and
government agencies in BiH, Serbia and the
the former Yugoslav
former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Finance
Budget
Started
IDA Loan
USD 5,000,000
(EUR 4,000,000)40
Planned for 2015
Completed
Objective
To help increase the access of homeowners,

farmers, the enterprise sector and government
agencies to financial protection from losses
caused by climate change and geological hazards
Activities/Outputs
The most important result of SEEC CRIF is the increased access to affordable weather risk coverage
and catastrophe insurance for millions of people and thousands of enterprises in the region. The aim is
to raise catastrophe and weather risk insurance penetration among homeowners, farmers, the
enterprise sector, and government entities from the current 1-5 percent to 15 percent over the next 5
years, without making the insurance compulsory.
There are two components under the overall program. Component 1 supports SEEC countries' efforts to
join Europa Re by financing their membership contributions to the Facility. Component 2 includes: (i)
risk mapping and modelling for participating countries (ii) design and pricing of appropriate catastrophe
and weather risk insurance products; (iii) development of a web-based underwriting platform; (iv) small
weather monitoring stations to support parametric weather insurance; and (v) technical assistance for
regulatory and policy reforms, to create an enabling market environment.
Stakeholder
Oriented Flood Risk
Assessment for the
Danube Floodplains
South East Europe (SEE) Transnational Cooperation Programme

Stakeholder Oriented Flood Risk Assessment for the Danube Floodplains
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Promoter

countries
Danube River Basin
Republic of Serbia
South East Europe

(SEE) Transnational
Cooperation
Programme
Finance
Budget
Started
Completed
European Regional
Development Fund
(ERDF) and IPA Grant
Total EUR 5,100,000
2009
2012
Objective
To develop jointly a scalable system of FRMs

for the all Danube River floodplains.
Activities/Outputs
Within the scope a scalable system of FRMs for the Danube River floodplains were developed.
40
47
Transnational methodology and models were defined and implemented for flood risk assessment and
mapping. The outputs were proposals for flood mitigation measures, adjustments of spatial
development plans, assessment tools for economic development in flood plains and raised awareness
of flood risk of stakeholders, politicians, planners and the public. The project focused on the most costeffective measures for flood risk reduction: risk assessment, risk mapping, involvement of stakeholders,
and risks reduction by adequate spatial planning.
Achieving Climate
Resilient
Infrastructure
through
mainstreaming of
Ecosystem Based
Adaptation
Approaches in the
SEE region
United Nations Development Programme

Achieving Climate Resilient Infrastructure through mainstreaming of Ecosystem
Based Adaptation Approaches in the SEE Region
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Promoter

countries
South Eastern
Europe

countries
UNEP GEF
Finance
Budget
Started
Completed
Global Environmental
Facility and Special
Climate Change Fund
Grant
USD 12,000,000
(EUR 9,600,000)41
Under preparation
Objective
To support countries in the South East Europe in

adaptation to climate change by integration of
eco-system based adaptation technologies into
planning and engineering of communal and critical
economic infrastructure.
Activities/Outputs
The Expected Outcomes are as follows:
Eco-system based adaptation to climate change integrated into infrastructural management

policies, plans and regulations
Enhanced capacity to understand and respond to emerging climate hazards and address them
through strategic integration of climate resilience into construction sector in the region.
Through
Geographic
Information System
towards Better
Cross-Border Flood
Risk Management in
the Lim River Basin
Demonstrated and developed lessons learned from climate proofing of selected infrastructural
case studies.
Cross-border Programme Serbia-Montenegro

Through Geographic Information System towards Better Cross-Border Flood Risk
Management in the Lim River Basin
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Montenegro and Republic

of Serbia
Municipalities of Plav, Andrijevica,

Berane, Bijelo Polje
(Montenegro), Sjenica, Prijepolje,
Nova Varo, Priboj (Republic of
Serbia).
Directorate for Water Montenegro

and PWE (Public Water Entity)
Srbijavode Belgrade
Finance
Budget
Started
IPA CBC Grant
EUR 455,000
August 2012
Completed
Objective
To maintain the high quality of

border area environment, as a
relevant economic resource for both
targeted countries, by developing
joint, effective public institutions'
systems
of
emergency
preparedness in relation to flood
prevention and control.
41
48
Activities/Outputs
The project scope was involving:
Baseline research of the Lim River Basin

Capacity building of Directorate for Water Montenegro
Data conversion and loading for Directorate for Water Montenegro
Cross-border capacity building
Map development
Geoportal development
Promotion and advocacy initiative
Development of
Hydrological and
Hydraulic Study of
Regulation of Skadar
Lake and Bojana
River Water Regime
Cross-border Programme Albania-Montenegro

Development of Hydrological and Hydraulic Study of Regulation of Skadar Lake
and Bojana River Water Regime
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Albania and Montenegro
Capital city of
Podgorica,
Municipality of Ulcinj,
Municipality of Bar
and Municipality of
Cetinje, Tirana and
Skodar Region
Montenegrin Academy of Science and Arts (MNE),

Institute for Hydrometeorology and Seismology
(MNE), Albanian Academy of Science, Institute for
Energy Water and Environment (INEWE)
Finance
Budget
Started
Completed
IPA CBC Grant
EUR 368,000
May 2012
April 2014
Objective
The evaluation of the water level of the Skadar

Lake; regulation of the water regime of the Skadar
Lake and River Bojana, with the aim of protection
of the cultural monuments in the area;
preservation of the natural and cultural
environment for tourism purposes.
Activities/Outputs
The project scope was involving:
Preparation of the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) software, in a form of a chart of water basins of
Rivers Moraea, Bojana and Drim, with its tributaries;
Preparation of the DTM in TIN format (Triangular Irregular Network) for the main canals of the
river Moraa shores, as well as the river Drim, with its tributaries adri and Kiri;
Improving
Environmental
Monitoring and
Disaster Prevention
Capacity in Drina
River basin Phase II
Establishment of the numerical model for the water system of the Skadar Lake and rivers Bojana
and Drim, through usage of the existing hydraulic software
Improving Environmental Monitoring and Disaster Prevention

Capacity in Drina River basin - Phase II
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
BiH and Montenegro
Banja Luka and

Podgorica
Republican Hydro-meteorological Service,

Republic of Srpska (RHMZRS), BiH
Hydro-meteorological and seismological Service of
the Republic Montenegro (HMZCG), Montenegro
49
Finance
Budget
Started
Completed
CEI Grant (38%)
EUR 80,830
March 2014
December 2014
Objective
To reduce environmental risks and increase the

safety of population in the Serbian portion of the
Drina River Basin, by improving hydro
meteorological monitoring, forecasting capacity
and integrated water management
Activities/Outputs
The project is compliant with the activities conducted by the Drina River Commission (DRC), and with
the guidelines of Climate Change Framework Action Plan for Adaptation for South East Europe
(CCFAP), giving new impulse to the process of permanent exchange of data and knowhow among the
Drina Countries. Sectors to be investigated under the present project include water resource
management, hydro-meteorological monitoring and forecast, risk reduction from natural events, air and
water quality, energy and overall social and economic development.
Other Projects of DG
ECHO
It is planned to continue and reinforce the cooperation with DG ECHO and to

channel future assistance in the area of disaster risk management. In this respect
a budget of EUR 3 000 000 has been allocated in the 2015 multi-country
programme.
DG ECHO prepared the Action Document for a new project in the field of risk
assessment and mapping and submitted it to DG ELARG on 28 October 2014.
The specific objectives of the project are:
South Eastern
Europe Catastrophic
Risk Insurance
Facility (SEE CRIF)
To improve and further develop national systems for disaster loss data
collection based on the EU guidelines and good practices; to establish
modalities for regional data sharing and linkages to European or global
disaster loss databases.
To improve and further develop national risk assessments following EU

guidelines and good practices, in particular including identification of risks of
cross-border and regional aspects.
To improve and further develop national and regional risk mapping, and to
establish an Electronic Regional Risk Atlas (ERRA).
Catastrophe insurance coverage for natural hazards is almost non-existent among

homeowners and small and mid-size businesses (SMEs) in Southeast Europe
(SEE). Currently, only 1-2 houses out of 100 have private catastrophe insurance
coverage, and as a result, in case of a major natural disaster most families, SMEs
and farmers have to rely on government help.
To address the problem of low catastrophe insurance penetration in SEE, the
countries of the region, supported by the World Bank, the Swiss Economic
Cooperation Organization (SECO), the Global Environment Facility (GEF),
UNISDR, and EU have established Europa Reinsurance Facility Ltd. (Europa Re).
Europa Re is a Swiss-based specialty property catastrophe reinsurance company
that manages Southeast Europe Catastrophe Insurance Facility - an innovative
catastrophe insurance market development programme for SEE designed with
extensive TA from the World Bank. The company was established as a public-
50
private partnership by the governments of Albania, the former Yugoslav Republic

of Macedonia and Serbia. Europa Re is headquartered in Zug, Switzerland, and is
regulated by the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA).
Europa Res vision is to increase the catastrophe insurance penetration among
homeowners and SMEs. Its mission is to:
Provide reinsurance and know-how to Europa Re insurance partners to

enable them to expand sales of catastrophe and weather risk insurance
products;
Educate consumers and businesses about their risk exposure to weather and
catastrophe risks;
Help governments and insurance regulators enact regulatory and policy
reforms conducive to the development of catastrophe and weather risk
insurance markets.
Europa Re offers reinsurance support to participating local insurance companies in

selling innovative earthquake, flood and agriculture risk insurance products
developed and endorsed by the company. As part of the programme, participating
insurers receive access to a fully integrated web-based insurance platform comprising risk-model driven pricing, underwriting, claims management and risk
management tools. Europa Res main objective is to provide participating insurers
with proper reinsurance, know-how and insurance technologies that would able
them to enter or expand their presence in catastrophe and weather risk insurance
product lines.
Currently, Europa Re operates is three country markets Albania, the former
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Serbia, and is in the process of negotiations
with Bosnia and Herzegovina regarding its potential accession to the program.
4.1.2 Albania
Disaster Risk
Mitigation and
Adaptation Project
Regional Disaster Risk Mitigation and Adaptation Program for SEE Countries
Disaster Risk Mitigation and Adaptation Project
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Albania
Albania
General Directorate of Civil Emergencies at the

Ministry of Interior, Institute of Geosciences,
Energy, Water and Environment in the Ministry of
Education and Science, the Ministry of Public
Works and Transport, and the Ministry of Finance
Finance
Budget
Started
Completed
June 2009
April 2014
IDA (54%) and IBRD (26%), USD 7,560,000

Loans; GFDRR (6%),
(EUR 6,080,000)42
Local (14 %).
Objective
To strengthen institutional capacities:
42
to reduce Albania's vulnerability to natural

and man-made hazards; and
to limit human, economic, and financial losses
due to these disasters
51
Activities/Outputs
The AL-DRMAP, designed as APL, comprised two phases. The first phase was to focus on
consolidating and upgrading Albanias capacity to plan for, mitigate and respond to disasters. The
second phase was to be triggered by achievement of the first phase activities, specifically the
development and approval of a comprehensive countrywide disaster risk reduction and adaptation
strategy which was to define priority actions and an investment program to be implemented in the
second phase. The scope was including:
Disaster Risk Management and Preparedness

o
Strengthening disaster risk mitigation planning and emergency management
Enhancement of emergency response capacity
Strengthening of Hydro-meteorological Services
Development of Building Codes
Catastrophe Insurance
The project is recently completed, as a follow-up the World Bank is conducting a USD 250,000 technical
assistance program to help prepare the National DRM program
Feasibility Study and

Detailed Design for
Improvement of
Flood Protection
Infrastructure in
Albania the Case
of Mati River

Feasibility Study and Detailed Design for Improvement of Flood Protection
Infrastructure in Albania the Case of Mati River
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Promoter
Albania
Mati River Basin
Bosnia and
Herzegovina,
Montenegro and
Republic of Serbia
Ministry of Agriculture,
Food and Consumer
Protection and Ministry
of Environment, Waters
and Forest
Administration
Finance
Budget
Started
Completed
WBIF Grant
EUR 400,000
May 2011
May 2012
Objective
To assist the effort of the Government of Albania

for a better and long-term land protection
investment planning
Activities/Outputs
The study was implemented in line with FD and taking into consideration Albanias Sectorial Strategy of
Agriculture and Food (2007-2013).
The project included a thorough analysis of the current situation in Mati River basin and provided
comprehensive details on the river, the population and the human activities in the affected area, as well
as the characteristics of floods through hydraulic flood impact models and proposed flood response
measures to avoid damage. It was also including a mid-term cost-effective priority plan for interventions
in flood control along the River in order to reduce flood risks and outlined the infrastructural and
institutional measures for a more successful flood management.
52
Water Resources
and Irrigation Project
Water Resources and Irrigation Project

Construction of Dams in Kukes Region
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Albania
Drina Buda and

Semani River Basins
Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Consumer

Protection, Ministry of Environment, Forestry and
Water Administration
Finance
Budget
Started
Completed
IBRD Loan
USD 9.000.000
(EUR 7,200,000)43
May 2011
May 2012
Objective
To strengthen the Government's capacity to

manage water resources at both the national level
and in the Drin-Buna and Semani river basins and
sustainably improve the performance of irrigation
systems in the project area.
Activities/Outputs
The project has four components

Component 1 includes the preparation of all feasibility and detailed design studies, and all rehabilitation
and modernization works of 14 dams and 15 I&D systems, as well as the supervision of the works.
Investments will be mostly located in the Drin-Buna and Semani river basins, and will be undertaken in
a comprehensive way to maximize the returns on investments.
Component is the Institutional Support for Irrigation and Drainage to improve the performance of
organizations that provide irrigation services.
Component 3 provides the institutional support for integrated water resources management and will
establish the strategic framework to manage water resources at the national level and at the level of the
Drin-Buna and Semani River basins, including:
Preparation of a National IWRM Strategy
Preparation of River Basin Management Plans for the Drin-Buna and Semani River Basins
Establishment of a consolidated Water Resources Database
Component 4 is allocated for implementation support
Flood Management
Study for Drini Buna
Flood Management Study for Drini Buna

Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Albania
Drina Buda River

Basin
Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Consumer

Protection, Ministry of Environment, Forestry and
Water Administration
Finance
Budget
Started
Completed
IBRD Loan
USD 1.000.000
(EUR 800,000)44
November 2011
July 2012
Objective
To prepare a comprehensive flood risk

assessment and management plan for the DriniBuna basin including options for mitigation
measures; and to determine a cost-effective set of
flood risk management measures that will reduce
flood risk in the Drini-Buna basin through
sustainable flood management.
Activities/Outputs
The project scope includes:

Collection and analysis of data related to the impact of the recent flood events, collection and analysis
of hydrometric data, production of a digital terrain model of the study area, setting up and calibration of
a numerical hydraulic model of the watercourses and overland flow paths in the study area, production
of flood risk maps for design events of a range of severities, consideration of a wide range of flood risk
mitigation options, medium term, longer term and non-structural, appraisal of the options in respect of
effectiveness in flood mitigation, socio-economic impact, environmental impact, cost and economic
viability, recommendation of preferred solution and preparation of coasted outline designs for medium
term works and recommendations for the long term management of flood risk within the study area.
43
44
53
Three Hydro Power

Plants in Mati-Drin
Cascade and Drin
River Basin
Three Hydro Power Plants in Mati-Drin Cascade and Drin River Basin
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Albania
Mati-Drin Cascade and

Drin River Basin
Finance
Budget
Started
KfW
Rehabilitation: EUR
20.000.000
Dam Monitoring
system: EUR
4.000.000
Foreseen 2015
Completed
Objective
Activities/Outputs
The German Development Bank - Kreditanstalt fr Wiederaufbau (KFW) is financing the construction of
three hydro power plants (HHP) in in Mati - Drin Cascade and Drin River Basin in Albania. The project
includes integrated flood management plan for cascade and the content and expected results of the
project indicate high potential concerning the sound flood management in the project area
Proposals under
preparation
In addition to those ongoing/completed projects Albania is in preparation of several

projects proposals for sound flood risk management as indicated below:
Conducting a Feasibility Study and Detailed Design for Improvement of Flood

Protection Infrastructure for main rivers in Albania
The aim of this proposal is to conduct a Feasibility Study and Detailed Design
for the Rehabilitation/construction of longitudinal embankments, weirs and
cross panels along the main rivers Droje, Ishem, Erzen, Shkumbin, Seman,
Vjose, according to the EU directive 2007/60/EC of 23 October 2007 on the
assessment and management of flood risks.
In order to establish an investment programme the assistance is required to
carry out the feasibility study and detailed design.
The estimated cost for the requested services is around 6 Million EUR.
Detailed Design for Improvement of Flood Protection Infrastructure for the

Lower Drini & Buna River Basin in Shkodra area
During 2012, with the World Bank assistance a feasibility study: The Flood
Risk Management Plan for the Lower Drini & Buna River Basin was finalized
by a grant from the Global Facility of Disaster Reduction and Recovery. It
recommended some solutions to reduce the flood risk in the Study Area and
for the agreed option the preliminary designs were prepared.
The estimated capital investment for the agreed option is calculated around 60
Million EURO. The estimated cost required to prepare the Detailed Design for
the Improvement of Flood Protection Infrastructure for the Lower Drini & Buna
River Basin is around 3 Million EURO
54
Detailed design and investment of construction works to improve flood

protection infrastructure in Mati River, Albania
A comprehensive Feasibility Study for improving flood protection infrastructure
in Mati River is prepared under the IPF (TA3-ALB-ENV-03). The study has
identified and prioritized flood protection measures and prepared a thorough
cost-benefit analysis.
The project aims at the (re)development of the flood protection infrastructure
of the lower Mati River in an approximate length of 13 kilometres.
Based on Feasibility Study for improving flood protection infrastructure in Mati
River prepared under the IPF (TA3-ALB-ENV-03) the total budget requested
for the Detailed Design and Investment of construction works project is around
8.36 MLN Euro.
Detailed design and investment of construction works to improve drainage

system of pit plain of Maliq and Torrovica, respectively 5300 ha and 2250 ha.
The Maliq Field scheme area is located in the Korce District in south eastern
Albania. The project would rehabilitate the drainage works to provide
protection to the area from the regular prolonged flooding. However, to
achieve this, due to the considerable subsidence of the peat soils, in addition
to rehabilitation works a major new collector drain and pump station are
required.
The 4,500 rural households would benefit equitably and substantially from the
scheme.
Improvement of the drainage system of pit plain of Maliq and Torrovica

The Torovica Field scheme area is located in the Lezhe District in north
western Albania. The scheme is constructed in stages between 1967 and
1969. Lack of maintenance and the continuing subsidence of the peat soils
have resulted in much of the area suffering prolonged winter flooding
preventing a significant portion of the area from being cultivated.
In addition to rehabilitation works a major new collector drain and pump
station are required. 1,900 rural households would benefit equitably and
substantially from the scheme.
The total budget for the detailed design and construction works to improve
drainage system of pit plain of Maliq and Torrovica, respectively 5300 ha and
2250 ha is around 13 Million Euro
4.1.3 Bosnia and Herzegovina

Following the floods of May and July 2014, the EU has encouraged BiH to develop
a comprehensive Action Plan as a recovery framework for flood protection and
water management, including institutional arrangements, policy and planning,
financing mechanisms and implementation. A Working Group with has been set up
55
involving the major stakeholders and tasked to draft the Action Plan for flood
protection and water management coordinated by the Ministry of Foreign Trade
and Economic Relations of BiH (MOFTER).
The Action Plan underlined that frequency and intensity of natural disasters will
increase quite sharply during next decade because of climate change. The
capability to reduce disaster risks depends on three factors: appropriate
infrastructure investment, the ability to provide reliable scientific information on
vulnerability, exposure, and predictions of hazards and the ability to use this
45
information to determine disaster risk and to act accordingly . BiH in order to
rapidly respond to this challenge focused on three main areas as a basis for the
establishment of an integrated water management system in the country that will
ensure reduction of (potential) flood-related damage to human health, environment,
cultural heritage and economic activity in the entire country.
Flood Emergency
Flood Relief and
Prevention
Flood Emergency Flood Relief and Prevention Programme

Flood Risk Management in Republic of Srpska
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Promoter
Republika Srpska
640.000 citizens,
Vode Srpske,
Municipalities
Ministry of Agriculture
Water Management
and Forestry of RS
Finance
Budget
Started
Completed
EIB Loan + Local
EUR 98.000.000
March 2011
Continuing
Objective
To safeguard the agriculture, industrial and housing

areas prone to flood impacts and to enable a stable
future development. The continuous use of
agriculture land will be effected and the spatial
planning, finally being based on a stable situation of
flood protection and prevention, will be able to focus
on establishing protection zones and protected
areas in accordance with the EC Directives. The
project is expected to contribute to a stable and
reliable flood protection in RS, protecting the
environment and the people, in compliance with the
requirements of the EC Flood Directive.
Activities/Outputs
The project involves inventory of flood damages to flood protection infrastructure within the RS's main
Danube tributaries, preparation of a Flood Risk Management and Flood Prevention plan including the
identification of short, mid and long term measures and finally implementation of priority works for the
remedy, repair and rehabilitation of damaged infrastructure in the most vulnerable areas. Aspects of
spatial planning, redevelopment of flood areas and long and mid-term flood prevention measures are
also included. The outputs include:
Flood Risk
Management for the
Republic of Srpska
Construction/rehabilitation/repair of approximately 150 measures including channels, dykes,

drainage pumping stations, landslides, riverbanks, road and bridges, which are damaged during
the 2010 floods or identified as immediate or urgent measures for sound flood protection in RS.
Measurement and monitoring systems for flood prediction and early warning.
Flood risk maps.

Flood Risk Management in Republic of Srpska
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Promoter
Republika Srpska
640.000 citizens,
45
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Support to Flood Protection and Water Management, Action Document
prepared for Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance (IPA II) 2014-2020
56
Vode Srpske,
Municipalities
Water Management
and Forestry of RS
Finance
Budget
Started
Completed
WBIF grant
EUR 2,500,000
June 2011
May 2014
Objective
To provide technical assistance services to the

Emergency Flood Relief and Prevention Project
of EIB.
Activities/Outputs
The technical assistance supported the preparation of emergency repairs to key flood protection
infrastructure along the river Sava and its tributaries, the rivers Una, Bosna, Drina, Vrbas and Ukrina in
the RS. The assistance was including project preparatory activities such as preparation of feasibility
studies, impact assessments, detailed designs and tender documents as required for immediate and
urgent measures (rehabilitation of river dykes, channels, river banks, small bridges, pumping stations,
etc.), to be followed with the necessary tendering procedures and support to the Project Management
Unit (PIU). A new WBIF grant has been approved for the continuation of these activities.
Flood Risk
Management for the
Republic of Srpska II

Flood Risk Management in Republic of Srpska Stage II
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Promoter
Republika Srpska
640.000 citizens,
Vode Srpske,
Municipalities
Water Management
and Forestry of RS
Finance
Budget
Started
Completed
WBIF grant
EUR 1,500,000
Not commenced yet

Objective
To provide technical assistance services to the

Emergency Flood Relief and Prevention Project
of EIB.
Activities/Outputs
A new grant has been approved for the continuation of the activities implemented in the first phase of
the Emergency Flood Relief and Prevention Project of EIB. The scope for the second phase was
including the continuation of the activities of the previous grant, for urgent and short-term measures.
The proposal was approved. The implementation will commence following the fulfilment of preconditions
imposed by EC.
Recently EC advised to BiH to merge this project application with the preparation of Flood Risk Maps in
BiH, which was Component 1 in the IPA 2014 Action Programme of BiH and extend it to include the
FRMs in Republika Srpska and resubmit as a consolidated proposal to WBIF.
Drina Flood
Protection Project
Drina Flood Protection Project in BiH

Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Promoter
FBiH (Gorade, PalePraca, Foca

Ustikolina) and RS
(Bijeljina and Janja)
Vode Srpske in RS and

Sava Water Agency in
FBiH , citizens of
Bijelijna in the RS and
FBiH Ministry of
Agriculture Water
Management and
Forestry and RS
57
Gorade in FBiH
Forestry and Water
Management
Finance
Budget
Started
Completed
IDA Loan 85%, Local

15%
USD 28,270,000
(EUR 22,616,000) 46
May 2014
2020
Objective
To provide increased protection from flood events

to agricultural and commercial interests and
communities in the project areas.
There are two components to the project, the first component being flood protection works and support
for Bijeljina area. This component will fund the civil engineering works and related investments for the
flood protection in the Bijeljina area, in the downstream flat plains near the confluence with the Sava
River.
The second component is the flood protection works and support for Gorazde area. This component will
fund the civil engineering works and related investments for the flood protection in four clusters of works
in the Bosnia Podrinje Canton (around Gorazde), in the Middle Drina.
Capacity building
in the Water Sector
Capacity building in the Water Sector

Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Sava River Basin
Ministry of Agriculture, Water Management and

Forestry FBiH, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry
and Water Management RS, Ministry of
Environment and Tourism FBiH, Ministry of
Physical Planning, Civil Engineering and Ecology
RS, Sava and Adriatic Water Agencies, Vode
Srpske, Cantons and Municipalities
Finance
Budget
Started
IPA Grant
EUR 2,351,000
December 2013
Completed
Objective
Support the transposition and implementation of

EU water-related Directives and improve the
management of water resources of the Sava River
basin by developing the countrys administrative
capacity and so enable the designated authorities
to prepare a River Basin Management Plan
(RBMP) in line with existing legislation,
environmental acquis and international obligations
of BiH.
Project Activities:
Assistance in Full Transposition and Implementation of Water-Related EU Directives;
Preparation of the Sava RBMPs;
Preparation of the Water Tariff Policy Framework;
Preparation of the Long-Term Capacity-building Plan;
Review of the current Water Information System and preparation of an Action Plan for
enhancement of the existing or the establishment of the new System;
Project Management and Backstopping.

The expected results include the completion of the transposition of relevant EU water-related Directives,
including but not limited to 98/83/EC, 91/272/EEC, 76/464/EEC, 91/676/EEC, 2006/7/EC, and
2007/60/EC, 2008/105/EC and 2006/118/EC; and preparation of the Sava River Basin Management
46
58
Plan in BiH.
Support for
Preparation of Flood
Hazard Maps and
Flood Risk Maps in
BiH

Preparation of Flood Hazard Maps and Flood Risk Maps in BiH
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Promoter
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Federation of Bosnia

and Herzegovina,
Republika Srpska and
Brcko District
FBiH Ministry of
Agriculture Water
Management and
Forestry and RS
Forestry and Water
Management
Finance
Budget
Started
Completed
WBIF grant
EUR 1.500,000
Planned for 2015

Objective
To support the implementation of the Action Plan

for Flood Protection and Water Management and
thus increase capacities of key stakeholders of
Bosnia Herzegovina to manage flood risk
management in terms of prevention, protection
and preparedness to respond to potential hazards.
Activities/Outputs
The proposal with the EIB as the lead IFI concerns to the preparation of country-wide flood risk maps
(morphology of river beds and topography of surroundings, hydro-dynamic models of the watercourses
flows) and flood risk management plans.
This project is identical with the Component 1 of the IPA 2014 Action Programme.
Recently EC advised to BiH to merge this project application with the technical assistance request for
Flood Risk Management Project and resubmit as a consolidated proposal to WBIF.
47
IPA 2014
Component 1 Flood Hazard and
Flood Risk Maps in
BiH
IPA 2014 Action Programme

Support to Flood Protection/Prevention and Water Management
Flood Hazard and Flood Risk Maps in BiH
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika
Srpska and Brcko District
Finance
Budget
Started
IPA Grant
EUR 3,000,000
Proposal stage
Completed
Objective

Activities/Outputs
In the past BiH had developed documentation and performed analyses concerning the issue of flood
protection, focusing on defined flood lines with different probabilities which resulted only in a spatial
presentation, without any data on depth and velocity of water in the flooded areas as required by the EU
FD. In order to address the shortcomings in related documentation and analyses, the project will focus
on the preparation of two types of maps: 1) Flood Hazards and 2) Flood Risk Maps appropriate for the
entire BiH.
The project scope include the development of tools dedicated to information, priority setting and
decision making (technical, financial and political decisions) regarding flood risk management at the
country level appropriate for the entire Bosnia and Herzegovina.
47
The IPA 2014 programme is subject to the opinion of the IPA Committee on 9 December 2014
59
IPA 2014
Component 2 Hydrological
forecasting system
for Sava River Basin
in BiH (Phase 1.
Bosna River)

Hydrological forecasting system for Sava River Basin in BiH
(Phase 1. Bosna River)
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosna River Basin
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika

Finance
Budget
Started
IPA Grant
EUR 1,000,000
Proposal stage
Completed
Objective

Activities/Outputs
In order to create an integrated system, which will enable a broader overview of the meteorological and
hydrological information as well forecasts in the entire country, the proposal will assist in modernising
hydro-meteorological monitoring networks and the flood forecasting capacity on selected cross sections
of the Bosna River and its main tributaries.
The proposal envisages developing the elements of the hydrologic prognostic (forecast) system (HFS)
for Bosna River Basin, which is flowing through the two entities in BiH and was an area with the most
significant damages by the floods in May 2014. In order to create an integrated system, which will
enable a broader overview of the meteorological and hydrological information as well forecasts in the
entire country, the proposed action will assist in modernising hydro-meteorological monitoring networks
and the flood forecasting capacity on selected cross sections of the Bosna River and its main tributaries.
Integrating Climate
Change and
Reducing the Risk of
Flooding in the
Vrbas River Basin
Integrating Climate Change and Reducing the Risk of Flooding in the

48
Vrbas River Basin
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Vrbas River Basin
13 municipalities in the RS and FBiH belonging

regions of Vrbas River basin
Finance
Budget
Started
UNDP
Completed
July 2014
Objective
To develop a hydrological model for the Vrbas

River basin, which includes climate change
Activities/Outputs
The project will consist of three components. The first two components of the project relate to the
creation of a legal basis, which would integrate climate change and flood risk in agriculture, water
management and spatial planning sectors, and the transfer of technology and institutions capacitybuilding in the field of hydro-meteorological monitoring, hydro-dynamic modelling and climate change
prediction, and creating a database for analysis of Hydro-meteorological and other hazardous
occurrences and resulting damages.
The third component will include investments at the local level, whose implementation will directly
48
UNEP (2014)
60
improve the living conditions of the most vulnerable groups of the population in the catchment area of
the Vrbas River basin, through construction investment, and non-structural measures such as
reconnection of floodplain, meander restoration, establishment of riverbed double effect, establishment
of early warning systems etc.
Capacity
development for the
integration of global
environmental
commitments into
national policies and
development
decision making
Capacity Development for the Integration of Global Environmental Commitments

into National Policies and Development Decision Making
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Promoter
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Hydro-meteorological

institutes in Federation
of Bosnia and
Herzegovina and
Republika Srpska
UNEP GEF
Finance
Budget
Started
Completed
Czech Government
Grant
USD 49,900
(EUR 39,920) 49
November 2014
Objective
To improve national capacities for environmental

management in BiH by institutionalizing identified
tools and practices for environmental information
and knowledge management through an
Environmental Management Information System
(EMIS).
Additional emergency response planning (ERP)
component objective is to improve technical
capacities of the hydrology sectors in two entity
hydro-meteorological institutes for the emergency
response preparedness and DRR.
Activities/Outputs
Foreseen activities of the intervention will consist in:
Capacity Building Needs Analysis for hydrological sectors of the two hydrometeorological
institutes in Bosnia and Herzegovina;
Field visits to critical catchments to propose improvements of the current practices in hydrology
intervention;
Hydro Power Plants

Cijevna III, Trebinje
and Salakovac
Transfer of technology and knowledge concerning hydrology practices against flooding.
Hydro Power Plants in Bosna River, Trebinjica River and Neretva River
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Cijevna, Trebinje
and Salakovac
Population and municipalities downstream of

Cijevna on Bosna River, of Trebinje on Trebinjica
River and of Salakovac on Neretva River
Finance
Budget
Started
KfW Loan
EUR 50.000.000 for

Cijevna III
EUR 17.000.000 for
Trebinje
EUR 45.000. 000
Slakovac
Cijevna III - foreseen

2015
Trebinje ongoing
49
Completed
Salakovac foreseen
20015
61
Objective
Activities/Outputs
KfW is financing the construction of the Hydro Power Plant (HPP) Cijevna III in Bosna River which is a
tributary of the Sava River. It is also financing the rehabilitation of HPP Trebinje 1 and construction of
HPP Trebinje 2 in Trebinjica River and the rehabilitation of Hydro Power Plant Salakovac in Neretva
River.
The Cijevna III project includes enhancements of dams for local flood protection, and it might be
extended by measures to reactivate natural retention capabilities and to erect retention basins for
regional/ transboundary flood management. In respect of an integrated flood management the activities
have to be linked with up- and downstream HPP projects.
The Trebinje I and II project as well as the Salakovac project might be extended by an integrated flood
management plan. The content and expected results of such a project indicate high potential
concerning the sound flood management in the project area.
4.1.4 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Hydro Power Plant
Spilje
Hydro Power Plant in Spilje

Country
Location
Beneficiaries
the former Yugoslav Republic

of Macedonia
Spilje

Spilje
Finance
Budget
Started
KfW Loan
EUR 45.000.000
Foreseen 2015
Completed
Objective
Activities/Outputs
KfW is financing the construction of a fourth turbine unit at Hydro Power Plant Spilje. The project might
be extended towards an integrated flood management plan which should include transboundary
cooperation with Albania. The content and expected results of the project indicate high potential
concerning the sound flood management in the project area.
62
4.1.5 Montenegro
Emergency
Measures for Flood
Prevention and
Rehabilitation
Emergency Measures for Flood Prevention and Rehabilitation

Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Montenegro
Montenegro
The Directorate for Public Works
Finance
Budget
Started
EIB Loan
EUR 30,000,000
2011
Completed
Objective
Re-establish the conditions for economic growth

and sustainable development, prevent similar
disasters by addressing key risks as well as
supporting social cohesion and job creation
Activities/Outputs
The project contribute to repairing and reconstructing the major damage to the public infrastructure
(roads, bridges, water supply, hydraulic infrastructure, etc.) caused by the exceptional rainfall and
flooding of November and December 2010.
Under this project, from 2011 until now, 61 projects have been implemented. Works have mainly
covered construction, reconstruction and rehabilitation of bridges, roads, landslides, water flow
management and water supply construction and rehabilitation, as well as development and revision of
project documentation, and technical supervision over works implemented.
Hydro Power Plant

Perucica and Piva
Hydro Power Plant in Perucica and Piva

Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Montenegro
Perucica and Piva

Perucica on Zeta River and in Piva River Basin
Finance
Budge
Started
KfW Loan
Perucic EUR
40.000.000
Piva EUR
47.000.000
Ongoing
Completed
Objective
Activities/Outputs
KfW is financing the rehabilitation of Hydro Power Plant Perucica in Zeta River Basin, and HPP Piva in
the Piva River Basin. Both projects might be extended by an integrated flood management plan. The
content and expected results of such projects indicate medium potential concerning the sound flood
management in the project area.
63
4.1.6 Republic of Serbia

Following the hit of floods mid-2014, Republic of Serbia presented an Action
Document to IPA for urgent financial assistance. The proposed assistance under
50
IPA 2014 is tailored towards areas with anticipated substantial social, economic
and cost-effective implications, which fit the remaining needs as well as the
tentative implementation timeframe. IPA 2014 activities are grouped/focused
around the:
1
Transport sector, in particular rehabilitation of the road network affected by the

landslides
Water management, rehabilitation of the embankments and drainage

channels
Disaster risk management and emergency response system, including setting

systemic approach concerning flood risk management, provision of equipment
needed for reaction in emergency situations, focusing on energy and water
supply.
Housing and utility infrastructure (heating, water supply, power connections,

sewage linked to housing), income generation activities and further assistance
to the Government Office for Reconstruction and Flood Relief to add to the
ongoing activities in the five IPA 2012 grants.
Of these 4 actions, components 2 and 3 are directly relevant for flood

management.
As seen from the above descriptions the proposed framework to IPA 2014 covers
almost all cycles of the flood management including prevention, preparedness and
recovery actions. The projects which are mainly preventive are summarized in this
chapter when the preparedness and recovery measures are detailed in the
respective sections of this report.
Irrigation and
Drainage
Rehabilitation
Project
Irrigation and Drainage Rehabilitation Project

Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Republic of Serbia
Sava River Basin
Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental

Protection, Public Water Management Companies
Municipalities in Danube and Sava River Basins
Finance
Budget
Started
Completed
June 2006
March 2014
IBRD (62 %) and IDA (33 USD 75,000,000

%) Loan
(EUR 60,000,000) 51
Local (5 %)
50
The IPA 2014 programme is subject to the opinion of the IPA Committee on 9 December 2014.
51
64
Objective
To improve the capacity for increased agricultural

yields through support to high priority rehabilitation
of drainage and irrigation infrastructure; reduce
the risk of damage from flooding to land, crops,
property, infrastructure as well as reducing risk of
life loss from flooding in project areas; and
improve water resources management and
strengthen the associated water resource
management institutions and policies.
Activities/Outputs
The project was composed of the following components:
Component 1. Rehabilitation and Improvement of Drainage and Flood Control Infrastructure,

including rehabilitation of drainage facilities and rehabilitation of flood control defences to give a 1
in 100 year flood protection for agricultural and minor settlements, and a 1 in 1,000 year
protection for large settlements and industry.
Component 2. Minor Irrigation Development Program to support the development and/or

rehabilitation and improvement of minor irrigation schemes mainly in the hilly regions of Central
and Southern Serbia.
Component 3. Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building aimed at strengthening the

institutional capacity of water sector institutions. The component was to also include provision of
various equipment and studies for other public institutions that have been deemed to be crucial,
independently from the institutional option to be sought by the Government in the medium-long
term. Specifically, an upgrade the flood forecasting and warning system that has been developed
by the Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia; support the Vegetable Crops Research Centre;
strengthen the agromet system; install and calibrate a software modelling system for control of the
Danube-Tisa-Danube canal system (DTD) hydrosystem; and study the feasibility requirements for
rehabilitating two priority major irrigation schemes.
Component 4. Project Management and Monitoring
Study of flood prone

areas in Serbia
Study of flood prone areas in Serbia

Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Republic of Serbia
Left and right sides of the

Danube River between
Belgrade municipality Zemun
and the upstream end of the
Iron Gate gorge, the flood
prone parts of the Belgrade
city along the Danube and
Velika Morava river basin
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water

Management, Belgrade, Zemun, Novi
Beograd, Stari Grad, Palilula, and Grocka
Municipalities,
Finance
Budget
Started
Completed
IPA 2007
EUR 2,000,000
January 2009
January 2011
Objective
To prepare flood hazard and flood risk maps,

to be incorporated in Flood Risk Management
plans for the project area
Activities/Outputs
The scope was including development of an integrated flood management framework and introduction
of land use planning, zoning and risk assessment including development of early warning systems and
upgrading of contingency planning and emergency measures, as well as the preparation and integration
of pollution prevention measures.
Results are:
Preparation of a draft methodology for flood mapping in line with the EU policies
Adjustment of Digital Terrain Model
Production of high resolution flood hazard and risk maps for the Project area
Production of a pilot case for integration of the flood risks information in local/regional spatial plan
Integration of flood maps into the Water Management Information System
Dissemination of the results and capacity building:
Transfer of the technology (know-how)
Preparation of the long term concept for use and for regular 6-year update of the maps.
65
Rehabilitation of the
Flood Protection
Infrastructure
(Embankments,
Channel Drainage
Systems and
Waterpump
Stations)

Rehabilitation of the Flood Protection Infrastructure
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Republic of Serbia
Sava River Basin
The Office for Reconstruction and Flood Relief,

Protection, Public Water Management Company
Srbijavode, Municipalities in Sava Basin
Finance
Budget
Started
IPA Grant
EUR 19,110,000
Proposal stage
Completed
Objective
To assist Serbia in the recovery effort in the

aftermath of the catastrophic floods of May 2014
and to create conditions for flood prevention and
reaction in emergency situations and to
rehabilitate flood protection infrastructure
Activities/Outputs
The proposed component for IPA 2014 includes mainly preventive measures with minor inclusion of
recovery.
Rehabilitation of channel drainage network on the hydro-melioration basins for the Municipality of
Obrenovac (60 km), Municipalities of Surcin and Novi Beograd (36.5 km), Rehabilitation of
damaged water pump stations/locations of Mislodjin, Vic Bara, Zabreske Livade, Kupinac,
Pumping Station Piroman, Pumping Skele Nova
Rehabilitation of the Flood Protection levees of Sava River right bank Section 3
Flood Protection of the settlement Parain
Regulation of The Crnica River in the area of Corridor 10 till the settlement; construction retention
area upstream of Corridor 10, reconstruction of Flood Protection system in settlement zone and
rehabilitation downstream section till the confluence into Velika Morava River
Flood Protection of the settlement Svilajnac. Regulation of The Resava River from the confluence
into Velika Morava River to Buk creek
Enhancement of
Disaster Risk
Management/Flood
Prevention Systems
and the Mitigation of
Immediate Energy
and Water Supply
Risks
Provision of effective works supervision services.

Enhancement of Disaster Risk Management/Flood Prevention Systems and the
Mitigation of Immediate Energy and Water Supply Risks
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Republic of Serbia
Sava River Basin

Protection, Public Water Management Company
Srbijavode,
Republic
Hydro-meteorological
Service of Serbia, Republic Geodetic Authority
Municipalities in Sava Basin
Finance
Budget
Started
IPA Grant
EUR 20,500,000
Proposal stage
Completed
Objective

and to enhance disaster risk management /flood
prevention systems and the mitigation of
immediate energy and water supply risks
Activities/Outputs
This project is aiming to support both prevention and preparedness under the heading of Procurement
of Equipment for the reaction in emergency. (Refer also to Section 4.2.2)
The scope includes:
Development of the Flood risk and FHMs for the areas which were not so far covered in Serbia,
supply of missing equipment for light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system, development of input
data (high density pads) for flood risk mapping and production of-DTMs,
Upgrading of the water information system of the Republic of Serbia, development of FRMs for
66
the remaining sub-basins and establishment of the basis for upcoming phase of the preparation of
flood risk management plans. Integration of FRMs into the WMO Information System, including
previously prepared FRMs through Sofpas I and additional capacity building,
Preparation of a
Water Management
Information System
for the Republic of
Serbia
Improvement of Early Warning System for flood control/management

Supply of equipment to rehabilitate and strengthen of hydro-meteorological monitoring network of
central Serbia for forecasting and early warning purposes. (Refer to Section 4.2.2)
Preparation of a Water Management Information System

for the Republic of Serbia
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Republic of Serbia
Republic of Serbia

Protection, Republican Directorate for Water,
Public Water Companies
Finance
Budget
Started
Completed
EU CARDS Grant
EUR 2,000,000
January 2007
January 2009
Objective
To strengthen the protection of water resources,

water quality and public health. More specifically,
the contract aimed to strengthen the capacity of
the Water Directorate of Serbia to manage water
resources, to provide improved access to
information and data on water resources, and to
promote the inter-institutional exchange of
information and data on water resources.
Activities/Outputs
The Water Management Information System (WMIS) database is being filled and preparation for its
operational use is undergoing. This project will provide efficient tools for managing the information and
data flows concerning water resources and supporting water management activities on a countrywide
basis. Furthermore, it should adapt, extend and create new information products/services and provide
access to, use and disseminate the quality information, studies, plans and programs. One of the most
important modules of the WMIS is related to flood protection. The WMIS will in the future serve as an
umbrella for improving the effectiveness of flood defence activities. All GIS data for Serbian territory,
including flood maps, will be incorporated in the WMIS.
Provision of Digital
Ortho Photomaps
Provision of Digital Ortho Photomaps

Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Republic of Serbia
Republic of Serbia

Protection, Republican Directorate for Water,
Public Water Companies
Finance
Budget
Started
Completed
EU Grant
EUR 4,600,000
November 2005
November 2008
Objective
Provision of digital ortho-photo-maps for 77,600

km2 of Serbia
Activities/Outputs
The project consists of a number of activities including aerial photography of all Serbia in 40 cm pixel
size, aerial photography of densely populated regions in 20 cm pixel size, aerial photography of 167
cities in 10 cm pixel size, calculation of an existing geoid model, GPS-surveying of 2,400 pass points
and control points and creation of a digital height model for production of orthophotos in 40, 20 and 10
cm for each scale.
Digital ortho-photo-maps and files containing DTM can be used for flood mapping project, as well as for
display of maps in geographic information systems (GIS).
67
Improving
Environmental and
Disaster Prevention
Capacity in Serbia
Improving Environmental and Disaster Prevention Capacity in Serbia

Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Republic of Serbia
Republic of Serbia
The Serbian Environmental Protection Agency

SEPA
Finance
Budget
Started
Completed
CEI Grant (41%)
EUR 80.200
October 2013
June 2014
Objective
To reinforce the cooperation between the project

partners,
while
assessing
the
overall
environmental and hydro-meteorological situation
in the Serbian part of Drina river basin (extension
of about 20,000 Km2 and a river length of 346
Km), that was selected by the project partners as
a priority area of intervention.
Activities/Outputs
The project identified and described the most urgent interventions needed to protect the environment of
the Drina river basin within the institutional structures, at either local or central level. The
assignment presented several activities in order to train the beneficiaries, transfer competences,
methods and procedures to improve their capabilities of assessing the environmental issues and to
monitor hydro-meteorological events. Moreover, safety against extreme natural events was presented
and analysed in order to reduce the costs for mitigation. priority water needs (potable, energy,
agriculture, industry), while assuring the long-term protection of project measures. Protection of
available water resources.
ALERT":
Strengthening Serbian
Multi-hazard Early
Warning and Alert
System. Phase I:
Setting-up Integrated
Policies to Reduce
Damages from
Extreme Events and
Risks for
Population
ALERT": Strengthening Serbian Multi-hazard Early Warning and Alert System.

Phase I: Setting-up Integrated Policies to Reduce Damages from Extreme Events
and Risks for Population
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Republic of Serbia
Republic of Serbia
Republican Hydro-Meteorological Service (RHMSS)
Finance
Budget
Started
CEI Grant (50%)
EUR 80,240
December 2014
Completed
Objective
To improve knowledge on disasters that affected

and could potentially affect the Serbian territory in
the future, to perform risk analysis that will include
availability of data for early warning as well as
availability of historical disaster occurrences maps
for Serbia.
Activities/Outputs
The project will analyse present mechanisms for decision support system, the Command Control Chain,
in order to identify, analyse, prioritise and minimise risks, reducing relevant costs and identify postdisaster activities as well as develop effective management of residual risk by means of real-time
monitoring and use of early warning systems. Moreover, the project will focus on integrate risk
management, in order to establish the real-time alert system, especially in this phase the project will
proceed with the analysis of the strong and weak points in Serbia, with the intention to climate change
and the examination of past effects, available future scenarios and proposing action to mitigate negative
consequences. Lastly, the project will also carry out a study of the possibility to introduce new
technologies as an essential tool for the implementation of a modern highly effective decision support
system, to face multiple risk and reduce impacts.
68
ALERT":
Strengthening
Serbian MultiHazard Early
Warning and Alert
System. Phase II:
Improving Dynamic
Real Time Data
Exchange at Central
and Local Level, to
Increase Efficiency,
Directly Involve
Populations and
Reduce Costs for
Action
ALERT": Strengthening Serbian Multi-Hazard Early Warning and Alert System.

Phase II: Improving Dynamic Real Time Data Exchange at Central and Local Level,
to Increase Efficiency, Directly Involve Populations and Reduce Costs for Action
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Republic of Serbia
Republic of Serbia
Republican Hydro-Meteorological Service

(RHMSS), Serbia
Finance
Budget
Started
CEI Grant (50%)
EUR 80,450
Planned for July 2015
Completed
Objective
To implement of a multi-risk and alert system that

based on Phase I methodologies and realisations
to help Civil Protection, local Authorities and other
institutions in charge of disaster prevention and
safety of populations, to effectively monitor,
predict, prevent and timely intervene against
different types of risk, would they appear
separately or together, due to extreme natural
events or man-produced disasters.
Activities/Outputs
The final output of the project will be the planning of the advanced multi-risk alert system in Serbia. This
system is intended as an instrument to strengthen inner-communication links and data exchange among
all major actors playing their part in disaster prevention, risk reduction and safety of population. This
includes not only the specific institutions involved such as hydro-meteorological services, civil and
environmental protection agencies, etc. but also the civilians themselves, involved through advanced
communication systems and more risk awareness knowledge. .
Raka River Anti

erosion and Flood
Protection Measures
Raka River Anti erosion and Flood Protection Measures

Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Republic of Serbia
Novi Pazar Municipality

and Raska Region
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water

Management, Novi Pazar Municipality and
Raska Region, 190,000 population
Finance
Budget
Started
Completed
EU PROGRES
EUR 536,574
March 2013
April 2014
Objective
To solve the problem for anti-erosion and flood

protection measures for the Raka River and its
tributaries
Activities/Outputs
As a first step the General Design with the Pre-feasibility study for the Raka River Anti erosion and
Flood Protection Measures prepared in 2009 (PRO Programme) Development as the first step in
development of technical documentation necessary for the project of this size financed by EU
PROGRESS.
In March 2013, the preparation of technical documentation (Main Design) was prepared aiming to solve
the problem for anti-erosion and flood protection measures for the Raka River and its tributaries. Total
value of all works covering the total area of the Raka River Watershed (1,193 km) was estimated by
the Main Design was 850,000 EUR. Thirteen flood protection structures on 11 rivers were designed.
In April 2014, Construction works on the regulation of the Raka river watershed were undertaken on
critical locations defined in the Main Design. Eight flood protection structures on five rivers were
constructed.
Development of a
first draft Flood Risk
Management Plan
for Tamnava River
Basin, Serbia
Development of a first draft Flood Risk Management Plan

for Tamnava River Basin
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Republic of Serbia
Tamnava River Basin
Municipality Ub, Republican Directorate for Water,

Public Water Company Srbijavode,
Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia, Institute
for Water Resources Jaroslav Cherni, Institute of
Architecture and Urban Planning of Serbia
69
Finance
Budget
Swedish Environmental
Protection Agency Grant
Started
Completed
October 2009
June 2010
Objective
To strengthen the capacity of the Serbian water

administrators in flood risk management according
to the principles of the EU FD, through the
development of a first draft Flood Risk
Management Plan for the pilot area
Activities/Outputs
The project was divided in six phases; inventory phase, preliminary flood risk assessment, FHMs for
different scenarios, FRMs, first draft of a flood risk management plan and dissemination of results
The activities were:
Preparatory Studies
Preliminary flood risk assessment
Preparation of flood vulnerability maps
Development of flood risk maps
Preparation of flood risk management plan
Hydro Power Plant

Bajina Basta
Hydro Power Plant in Bajina Basta and Zvornik

Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Republic of Serbia
Bajina Basta and Zvornik

Bajina Basta and Zvornik in Sava River Basin
Finance
Budget
Started
Completed
KfW
Bajina basta EUR

30.000.000
Zvornik EUR
70.000.000
Zvornik - 2015
Bajina Basta - 2014
Activities/Outputs
KfW is financing the rehabilitation of Hydro Power Plant Bajina Basta in Sava River Basin and Hydro
Power Plant Zvornik in Sava River Basin. The projects might be extended towards an integrated flood
management plan. Such projects might include the reactivation of natural retention capabilities as well
as the design of Retention basins for regional/ transboundary flood management. The content and
expected results of such projects indicate high potential concerning the sound flood management in the
project area.
Multi-Donor Trust
FundBuilding
Flood Resilience
The World Bank initiative with an estimated budget of 10 M US$ (8 MEUR) 52 is

under preparation with a foreseen implementation period of 2015 2017. The
scope will include risk assessment, reduction of flood risks, early warning and
preparedness, risk financing and insurance, resilient recovery, etc.
4.1.7 Conclusions
There are several projects completed, ongoing and at the planning stage in the
region of different magnitudes. A summary of them are presented in
Table 15.
52
70
Table 15
Protective projects in the Western Balkan Region 53

Name of project
Country
Type
Improvement of Joint Actions in Flood

Management in the Sava River Basin
BIH, SER,
MNE
Risk
management
BiH, Serbia and Montenegro West

Balkans Drina River Basin Management
Project
BIH, SER,
MNE
Support to Water Resources Management

in Drina River Basin
Budget
106
Finance
EUR 2.0
WBIF
Risk
management
+ Protective
Investment
USD 10.0
(EUR 8.0)
WB54
BIH, SER,
MNE
Risk
management
EUR 1.2
WBIF
Building resilience to Disasters in the

Western Balkans and Turkey
WB
Risk
management
EUR 2.2
IPA
South East Europe and Caucasus

Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility
BIH SER
the former
Yugoslav
Republic
of
Macedonia
Risk
management
USD 5.0
(EUR 4.0)
WB
Stakeholder Oriented Flood Risk

Assessment for the Danube Floodplains
WB
Risk
management
EUR 5.1
ERDF IPA
Achieving Climate Resilient Infrastructure

through mainstreaming of Ecosystem
Based Adaptation Approaches
WB
Risk
management
USD 12
(EUR 9.6)
GEF
SCCF
Through Geographic Information System

towards Better Cross-Border Flood Risk
Management in the Lim River Basin
MNE SER
Risk
management
EUR 0.5
IPA
Development of Hydrological and

Hydraulic Study of Regulation of Skadar
Lake and Bojana River Water Regime
ALB MNE
Basin
management
EUR 0.4
IPA
Improving Environmental Monitoring and

Disaster Prevention Capacity in Drina
River basin - Phase II
BiH MNE
Risk
management
EUR 0.08
CEI
USD 7.6
(EUR 6.1)
WB
Risk
management
Disaster Risk Mitigation and Adaptation
Project
ALB
Protective
Investment
Preparedness
Feasibility Study and Detailed Design for

Improvement of Flood Protection
Infrastructure in Albania
ALB
Risk
Management
EUR 0.4
WBIF
Water Resources and Irrigation Project
ALB
Investment
USD 9.0
EUR (7.2)
WB
Flood Management Study for Drini Buna
ALB
Risk
Management
USD 1.0
EUR (0.8)
WB
Three Hydro Power Plants in Mati-Drin

Cascade and Drin River Basin
ALB
Risk
Management
Flood Emergency Flood Relief and

Prevention
BIH
Protective
Investment
EUR 98.0
EIB
Flood Risk Management for the Republic

of Srpska
BIH
TA
EUR 2.5
WBIF
KfW
53
Pink background indicates the completed projects, green background indicates projects at the
proposal preparation/proposal stage
54
WB refers to all World Bank umbrella including IDA and IBRD
71
Budget
Name of project
Country
Type
Flood Risk Management for the Republic

of Srpska II
BIH
TA
EUR 1.5
WBIF
Drina Flood Protection Project
BIH
Investment
USD 28.3
(EUR 22.6)
WB
Capacity building in the Water Sector
BiH
Risk
Management
EUR 2.4
WB
Support for Preparation of Flood Hazard

Maps and Flood Risk Maps
BIH
Risk
Management
EUR 1.5
WBIF
Flood Hazard and Flood Risk Maps in BiH
BIH
Risk
Management
EUR 3.0
IPA
Hydrological forecasting system for Sava

River Basin
BIH
Risk
Management
EUR 1.0
IPA
Integrating Climate Change and Reducing

the Risk of Flooding in the Vrbas River
Basin
BiH
Risk
Management
Capacity development for the integration

of global environmental commitments into
national policies and development
decision making
BIH
Risk
Management
Hydro Power Plants Cijevna III, Trebinje

and Salakovac
BiH
Investment
KfW
Hydro Power Plant Spilje
the former
Yugoslav
Republic
of
Macedonia
Investment
KfW
Emergency Measures for Flood

Prevention and Rehabilitation
MNE
Investment
Hydro Power Plants Perucica and Piva
MNE
Investment
Irrigation and Drainage Rehabilitation

Project
SER
Investment
USD 75.0
(EUR 60.0)
WB
Study of flood prone areas in Serbia
SER
Risk
Management
EUR 2.0
IPA
Rehabilitation of the Flood Protection

Infrastructure
SER
Investment
EUR 19.1
IPA
Enhancement of Disaster Risk

Management/Flood Prevention Systems
and the Mitigation of Immediate Energy
and Water Supply Risks
SER
Risk
Management
EUR 2.0
IPA
Preparation of a Water Management

Information System for the Republic of
Serbia
SER
Risk
Management
EUR 2.0
CARDS
Provision of Digital Ortho Photomaps
SER
Risk
Management
EUR 4.6
EU
Improving Environmental and Disaster

Prevention Capacity in Serbia
SER
Risk
Management
EUR 0.08
CEI
Strengthening Serbian Multi-hazard Early

Warning and Alert System. Phase I:
Setting-up Integrated Policies to Reduce
Damages from Extreme Events and Risks
for Population
SER
Risk
Management
EUR 0.08
CEI
Strengthening Serbian Multi-Hazard Early

Warning and Alert System. Phase II:
Improving Dynamic Real Time Data
Exchange at Central and Local Level, to
Increase Efficiency, Directly Involve
Populations and Reduce Costs for Action
SER
Risk
Management
EUR 0.08
CEI
106
Finance
UNDP
USD 0.05
(EUR 0.04)
EUR 30.0
Czech
EIB
KfW
72
Name of project
Country
Type
Raka River Anti erosion and Flood

Protection Measures
SER
Investment
Development of a first draft Flood Risk

Management Plan for Tamnava River
Basin
SER
Risk
Management
Hydro Power Plant Bajina Basta
SER
Multi-Donor Trust FundBuilding Flood

Resilience
SER
Budget
106
EUR 0.5
Finance
EU
PROGRES
SWE EPA
KfW
Risk
Management
USD 10.0
(EUR 8.0)
WB
Although the collected data mainly focused on Serbia and BiH, and therefore
limitations might exist in the coverage of activities in the region, the following
preliminary conclusions may be derived for preventinve activities and flood risk
management practices in the region:
There is a significant number of activities particularly for planning and flood

risk management. Presently the investment projects are mainly implemented
in BiH and Serbia as a response to the 2014 floods.
Figure 14
Distribution of protective projects55
Preparedness
2,016,000
0.7%
TA
4,000,000
1.3%
Management
59,488,214
19.3%
Investment
242,942,000
78.8%
55
Budgets of the regional projects and/or multipurpose projects are distributed evenly. Budgets in USD
is converted to EUR by using the exchange rate of 1.2598 EUR/USD.
73
Figure 15
Implementation countries of the protective projects
Although the number of flood risk management projects is bigger than

investment type of projects, the funds allocated for the investment projects
constitute nearly 80% of the total budget.
Despite these activities, the countries are far from completing the
implementation of the Floods Directive
Other than the Danube and Sava Rivers which are under the coordination of
the ICPDR and ISRBC, the flood hazard maps and flood risk maps are not
prepared yet for the inland rivers. Early warning systems are far from being
adequate, particularly for the tributaries.
The IPA 2014 action programmes (under adoption) for BiH and Serbia and the
component of the programme covering regional actions in both countries
countries, are important for establishing a country-wide flood risk planning.
The planning and management scheme in the region is not followed by the
required investments, simply because of different national priorities, lack of
funding and limited fiscal space. The investment projects are usually initiated
as a response to catastrophes. They however include protective measures.
EC is the main player in the region. 56% of all projects are to be promoted or
financed by EC instruments such as IPA and WBIF.
Although the number of the projects financed by EC grants is larger than

those from the IFIs (if the amount of finance is considered), the finance
provided by the IFIs loans to the region is significantly higher (WB 42 % and
EIB 41 % of total).
The variation of the distribution and sizes of the projects in the region are
challenged by cross-border and international coordination. There may be
horizontal and/or vertical gaps in the project cycle. Avoiding overlaps is also
an important challenge during the project development.
74
Figure 16
Identified gaps
Finance of protective projects (budget in EUR)
The investments on the preparation of the flood hazard and flood risk maps as well
as establishment of the early warning systems seem to be highest priority in the
region, taking into account the EU Directives requirements. There are a lot of
projects are ongoing or at proposal stage. However most of them are covering
partial geographical areas. Other than the flood risk maps and management plan
developed for the Sava Region by the ISRBC, no downscales at the countries
bases are completed yet. Some countries did not complete even their preliminary
risk assessments yet. The latest IPA Action Plan proposals of Serbia and BiH are
therefore priority measures to sustain the sound flood management.
The second significant gap concerns the early warning systems. Early warning
systems are limited and there is not sufficient regional cooperation. Particularly in
Serbia and BiH, the budget that is needed for establishment/ rehabilitation/renewal
of the early warning systems is significantly high and is not achievable if only
national sources are used. It is encouraging that both countries have prioritized
them and are willing to invest futher in these activities.
Risk financing, which should be interpreted beyond insurance, has a significant
gap to fill. Not only are the countries just starting to have catastrophe insurance
mechanisms, but emergency funds are not efficient and there are no structured
financial mechanisms to protect national budgets.
The effects of the climate change on the present and future mitigation measures is
not clearly known. The adaptation of the present flood management schemes has
to be done and future plans, including flood risk maps, has to be revised to include
climate change concerns.
75
4.2
Preparedness
4.2.1 Regional Projects

Civil Protection
Cooperation with the
Candidate Countries
and potential
Candidates
Phase II
Civil Protection Cooperation with the Candidate Countries and potential

Candidates Phase II
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Western Balkans + Turkey
South Eastern Europe Western Balkan Countries and Turkey
Finance
Budget
Started
DG ECHO Grant
EUR 6,000,000
November 2013
Completed
Objective
To reduce the vulnerability of Western Balkan

countries and Turkey (Beneficiaries) to natural
and man-made disasters at national and regional
levels through:
Increasing the ability of the Beneficiaries to

effectively cooperate with the Union (EU)
Civil Protection Mechanism and relevant
institutions.
Increasing
the
capability
of
the
Beneficiaries to further develop effective
national civil protection / disaster response
systems and collaborate regionally.
Activities/Outputs
The key activities and tools of the programme are intended to promote capacity building at administrative, operational and policy levels. This will be achieved through the means of trainings, field exercises,
table top exercises, exchanges of experts, discussion based workshops, technical support and supporting networks of various stakeholders in the Western Balkans and Turkey and with EU Member States.
Programme for
Prevention,
Preparedness and
Response to Floods
in the Western
Balkans and Turkey
Programme for Prevention, Preparedness and Response to Floods

in the Western Balkans and Turkey
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Western Balkans + Turkey
South Eastern Europe Western Balkan Countries and Turkey
Finance
Budget
Started
DG ECHO Grant
EUR 6,000,000
November 2014
Completed
Objective
To increase beneficiary countries' capability to

develop effective national civil protection systems
and collaborate in a coherent manner in dealing
with floods at regional and European level
(prevention, preparedness and response) and to
support beneficiary countries in becoming better
prepared to cope with the challenges posed by
approximation to and implementation of the EU
Floods Directive
Activities/Outputs
The project includes two lots whereby the focus of the first lot (with an allocation of EUR 2 million) is on
the civil protection module "flood rescue using boats" and the focus of the second lot (with an allocation
of EUR 4 million) is on the civil protection module "high capacity pumping and flood containment".
Expected Results are
1. Operational multinational civil protection modules for flood response that are able to operate
regionally and through the Union Civil Protection Mechanism.
2. Improved capacity of beneficiary countries to deal with the requirements of the EU Floods Directive
and to address flood prevention.
76
Cross-border Flood
Protection and
Rescue
Cross-border Programme Serbia-Montenegro

Cross-border Flood Protection and Rescue
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Montenegro and
Republic of Serbia
Municipalities of
Niksic, Berane and
Pljevlja (Montenegro)
and Municipalities of
Prijepolje, Priboj and
Nova Varos (Serbia).
Directorate of Foundation for the Development of

Northern Montenegro (FORS), Ministry of Interior
of Montenegro Sector for Emergency
Management and Civil Security and the Ministry of
Interior of the Republic of Serbia Sector for
Emergency Management
Finance
Budget
Started
Completed
IPA CBC Grant
EUR 372,000
August 2012
April 2014
Objective
To reduce the risk of disasters caused by natural

hazards in Serbia and Montenegro and the
specific objective was to improve the capacity of
the cross-border area and six municipalities in
Serbia and Montenegro to reduce the risks of
floods through cross-border cooperation and a
coordinated approach, including technical and
personnel capacity building and raising awareness
of general population about flood prevention and
management.
Activities/Outputs
The main project activities include procurement of equipment that will be used in case of floods,
trainings for the employees of local protection and rescue units and other professional and voluntary
units, cross-border field exercises and raising awareness campaign.
The project scope involves trainings for the employees of PMUs from Niksic, Berane, Pljevlja, Prijepolje,
Priboj and Nova Varos. workshops on flood management and control for the employees of protection
and rescue units from target municipalities, lectures and competitions for primary school students;
cross-border essay competition for primary school students; procurement of necessary equipment for
protection and rescue from floods; preparation and adoption national and local plans for protection and
rescue from floods; seminars on best EU practice in protection and rescue from flood, raising of public
awareness on emergency preparedness, protection and rescue from floods via media, lectures in
primary schools, publications and promotional material.
4.2.2 Serbia
Procurement of
Equipment for the
Reaction in
Emergency Situation

Procurement of Equipment for the Reaction in Emergency Situation
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Republic of Serbia
Republic of Serbia

the Ministry of Mining and Energy the Public
Enterprise Electric Power Industry of Serbia
Finance
Budget
Started
IPA Grant
EUR 18,400,000
Proposal stage
Completed
Objective

and to create conditions for flood prevention and
reaction in emergency situations and to
rehabilitate flood protection infrastructure
77
Activities/Outputs
This component as part of the Action Programme for IPA 2014 includes preparedness activities
including procurement of equipment for the reaction in emergency
Supply of necessary equipment for Sector of Emergency Management
Procurement of electrical substations
Procurement of distribution automation systems for distribution system operator ED

Elektrosrbija from Kraljevo for sub utilities (branches): Bajina Bata, Loznica, abac, Valjevo,
Ljubovija, Kosjeri, Lazarevac, Trstenik, Varvarin, Kraljevo
Delivery of mobile equipment to designated warehousing facilities
Designing the mobile equipment emergency deployment plan
Automation systems installation
Monitoring the proper implementation of the deployment plan and functioning of the system
Procurement/purchase of mobile drinking water treatment plants and
Procurement of mobile flood protection walls
4.2.3 Conclusions
Table 16 summarizes the status of the preparedness projects. Although the risk in
the region is high, not many projects are available for preparedness. This is a
reminder that the preparedness actions and measures will always be popular
following the catastrophes, however they quickly lose priority and planned
investments are not implemented.
For preparedness the main financier in the region is the EU (DG ECHO). Moreover
all projects are financed through the EC tools.
ISRBC and ICDRB are two key institutions for coordination the preparedness (and
response) in the region if financially supported by the other international institutions
such as DG ECHO, IPA CBC, and UN etc.
Table 16
Preparedness projects in the Western Balkan Region53

Name of project
Country
Type
Budget
Finance
106
Civil Protection Cooperation with the
Candidate Countries and potential
Candidates
Western
Balkans
Capacity
Building
EUR 6.0
DG ECHO
Programme for Prevention, Preparedness

and Response to Floods
Western
Balkans
Capacity
Building
EUR 6.0
DG ECHO
Cross-border Flood Protection and

Rescue
SER, MNE
Capacity
Building
EUR 0.40
IPA CBC
Procurement of Equipment for the

Reaction in Emergency Situation
SER
Supply
EUR 18.4
IPA
The preparedness projects may be costly in many cases and the probability/cost
ratio may make them less feasible to invest. A good way of managing the
preparedness is to act region-wide instead of nationally and to coordinate the
resources and invest accordingly. An asset database is necessary for the
optimization of resources.
78
4.3
Recovery
4.3.1 Regional Projects

Assistance to Flood
Recovery in BiH and
Republic of Serbia
IPA 2014 Regional Action Programme

Assistance to Flood Recovery in BiH and Republic of Serbia
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina The Office for Reconstruction and Flood Relief,
Republic of Serbia
Republic of Serbia
the Ministry of Mining and Energy the Public
Enterprise Electric Power Industry of Serbia
Finance
Budget
Started
IPA Grant
EUR 21,100,000
Proposal stage
Completed
Objective
To help Serbia and BiH in the recovery effort in

the aftermath of the catastrophic floods of May
2014 with the intention of allowing private
persons, business and public services to resume
their normal functions as soon as possible and to
improve flood protection infrastructure in the Sava
river basin, on the border between Serbia and
BiH.
Activities/Outputs
The project includes is mainly recovery actions including also preventive measures for future floods. It
concerns
Response to Floods
in Sava River Basin
Reconstruction of the levee on the right riverbank of rivers Sava Macva West and East Zone at
the border of BiH and Serbia with a total length of approximately 31 km
Recovery of the flood protection infrastructure in the Tuzla Canton watersheds, FBiH, including
recovery of Modrac dam and regulations of the riverbeds of the Tinja River at Srebrenik; of the
Sapna River in Sapna Municipality; of the Jala and Turija Rivers in Lukavac Municipality; and of
the Drinjaa River in the Kladanj Municipality.
Protection of area the area from high-level waters of Drina River in RS including construction of
the left embankment of Drina and right embankment of Sapna Rivers, building network of
channels for inland drainage and building protecting embankments in the area Ekonomija in
Zvornik, construction of repair of the damaged Drina river embankments in the area of Zvornik
and Bijeljina and repair in the Bratunac area.
Reconstruction of the flood protection infrastructure on the river Brka
Response to Floods in Sava River Basin

Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina EU Delegations in BiH and Serbia and PMUs of
Republic of Serbia
Republic of Serbia
the Watsan Projects in FBiH and RS and PMU of
Flood Risk Management Projects RS
Finance
Budget
Started
EIB Grant
EUR 250,000
July 2014
Completed
Objective
To identify and quantify the immediate and urgent

investments based on the RNA reports and
proposed strategies, and to adapt and reshuffle
the ongoing loan agreements to eliminate the
flood hazards and to rehabilitate the ongoing and
future implementations within the scope of these
programmes for flood resilience.
KOSOVO
To screen the gaps and needs in the region in

flood fighting and to propose future projects in this
sector, which may be financed by the EIB.
To provide TA the PMUs of the Flood Risk
Management in RS and to Water and Sanitation
(WatSan) projects identifying components affected
by the flood.
79
Activities/Outputs
The project scope enforces the following activities:
Further scoping of investments in BiH, and Serbia
Technical Assistance to the Flood Risk Management in RS project for analysis of the flood
hazards and prioritization of the needs and preparation of the procurement documents of the
components which have been damaged by the floods
Technical Assistance to the projects of WatSan RS and WatSan FBiH for analysis of the flood
hazards and prioritization of the needs and preparation of the procurement documents of the
components which have been damaged by the floods
4.3.2 Bosnia and Herzegovina

BiH Floods
Emergency
Recovery Project
BiH Floods Emergency Recovery Project

Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina FBiH, RS and Brcko District
Finance
Budget
Started
IDA Loan
USD 100,000,000
(EUR 80,000,000)56
June 2014
Completed
Objective
To meet critical needs and restore functionality of

infrastructure essential for public services and
economic recovery in floods affected areas.
Activities/Outputs
There are three components to the project, the first component being emergency disaster recovery
goods. The recent floods have created significant strains on the supply chains for a variety of goods
crucially needed to ensure the continuity of public services and economic opportunities. The flooded
areas traditionally have been oriented towards agriculture and agribusiness, which were severely
affected by the floods, resulting in fodder and forage shortages and an urgent need for seeds and
fertilizers for reseeding.
The second component is the rehabilitation of key public infrastructure and it will support the
rehabilitation of both local and regional public infrastructure on the basis of the RNA. The impact of the
floods was concentrated on around 60 municipalities in the central, northwest and northeast parts of the
country; in many of these, public services delivery was severely impacted. This Component will finance
the rehabilitation or reconstruction of high priority, public service delivery infrastructure in the worstaffected areas.
The third component is the project implementation support and capacity building.
IPA 2014 - 2020

Component 3 Reconstruction of
River Sava Basin
Flood-protecting
Structure

Reconstruction of River Sava Basin Flood-protecting Structure
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosna River Basin
Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika

Finance
Budget
Started
IPA Grant
EUR 11,000,000
Proposal stage
Completed
Objective

56
80
Activities/Outputs
As also referred in Chapter 4.3 the Action Document of BiH includes flood recovery measures within the
Component 3 of the proposed document. The proposed measures comprise of reconstruction of dikes
and rehabilitation of rivers and streams in the BiH and they cover both recovery and preventive actions.
The proposal includes the reconstruction of Sava River banks in Odzacka Posavina, in Srednja
Posavina, the Kopanice - Vidovice section and in Brko District; the reconstruction of Bosna River
banks on the urban area of the Samac town, from the Bosna-Sava delta down the Sava River to the
Samac port and embankments around the Dobor town; and flow regulation of Janja River.
4.3.3 Republic of Serbia

As stated in Section 4.1.6 following the hit of floods mid-2014, Republic of Serbia
presented an Action Document to IPA for urgent financial assistance. The
proposed assistance under IPA 2014 was including the following recovery
measures in addition to the preventive measures described in Section 4.1.6.
Rehabilitation of
Damages Caused by
Landslides on Road
Transport Network

Rehabilitation of damages caused by landslides on road transport network
Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Republic of Serbia
Sava River Basin

Public Enterprise Roads of Serbia (PERS),
Municipalities in Sava Basin
Finance
Budget
Started
IPA Grant
EUR 10,490,000
Proposal stage
Completed
Objective

and to enable traffic as a precondition for other
government entities and agencies to help recovery
of affected region and people to normal living
environment.
Activities/Outputs
58 landslides and objects were proposed for urgent action on the national roads. Most of these are
located in central and western Serbia.
The activities include:
Floods Emergency
Recovery Project
Serbia Floods
Emergency
Recovery Project
Constant monitoring using survey points with inclinometers and piezometers;
Installation of catch fences, development

gullies/streams/rivers;
Recovery of the damaged elements;
Construction of the flood relief culverts within the flood plain;
Improved foundation design and protection to the abutments (and piers);
Provision of supervision services
of
debris
ditches
and/or the clearing
of
Floods Emergency Recovery Project

Country
Location
Beneficiaries
Republic of Serbia
Sava River Basin

Protection, Public Water Management Companies
Municipalities in Danube and Sava River Basins
Finance
Budget
Started
IBRD Loan
USD 300,000,000
(EUR 240,000,000)57
August 2014
57
Completed
81
Objective
To help restore power system capability to reliably

meet domestic demand; to protect livelihoods of
farmers in flood affected areas; to protect people
and assets from floods; and to improve the
Borrowers capacity to respond effectively to
disasters
Activities/Outputs
The project consists of four components: (1) Energy Sector Support; (2) Agricultural Sector Support; (3)
Flood Protection; and (4) Contingent Emergency Response.
Flood protection component is to support urgent rehabilitation of flood protection and drainage control
infrastructure, and strengthen the technical capacity of government agencies for improved flood
prevention and management.
Serbia
Transportation
Project
(restructured)
On-going transportation project of the World Bank with a budget of 60 M US$ (48
MEUR) 58 financed is restructured following the 2014 flood, to repair damaged
roads and landslides.
4.3.4 Conclusions
A summary of the response projects is presented in Table 17, Figure 17 and Figure
18.
Table 17
Recovery projects in the Western Balkan Region

Budget
Name of project
Country
Type
Assistance to Flood Recovery in BiH and

Republic of Serbia
BIH SER
Investment
EUR 21.1
IPA
Response to Floods in Sava River Basin
BIH SER
TA
EUR 0.3
EIB
BIH
Investment
USD 100.0
(EUR 80.0)
WB
Reconstruction of River Sava Basin Floodprotecting Structure
BIH
Investment
EUR 11.0
IPA
Rehabilitation of Damages Caused by

Landslides on Road Transport Network
SER
Investment
EUR 10,5
IPA
Serbia Floods Emergency Recovery

Project
SER
Investment
USD 300.0
(EUR 240.0)
WB
Serbia Transportation Project

(restructured)
SER
Investment
USD 60.0
(EUR 48.0)
WB
BiH Floods Emergency Recovery Project
106
Finance
Recovery projects are triggered always by the past catastrophes. Therefore it is

understandable that they were recently commenced following the 2014 floods or
are expected to commence in near future. They all are in Serbia and BiH.
Figure 17
58
59
Distribution of recovery projects59

Budgets of the regional projects and/or multipurpose projects are distributed evenly. Budgets in USD
is converted to EUR by using the exchange rate of 1.2598 EUR/USD.
82
The Wold Bank is the main IFI to finance the flood recovery in addition to some
components introduced in the IPA 2014 -2020 action proposal.
Figure 18
Distribution of protective projects by financer (budget in EUR)
83
The Way Forward
From the mapping of ongoing and planned activities in this report, it can be
concluded that a significant number of projects have recently been implemented or
is under implementation in the flood management sector in the region.
However, there is still a long way to go before a sound flood risk management is in
place that can minimize potential risks endangering human health and wealth in
the region. In general:
No country has completed their flood hazard and flood risk maps.
Most of the countries do not have adequate flood warning systems.
Climate change considerations are not included in the design of the available
drainage and storm water infrastructure, which was installed decades ago.
The drainage channels are not enough to cope with the increased loads due
to the climate change effects and the increase of the paved land in urban
areas.
The infrastructures were built and are in operation for joint usage for drainage
and sewerage.
Most of the countries did not invest on flood protection for a long period of
time. A significant part of the dams were built during the Yugoslav era.
Significant part of the dikes, channels and pumping station originate from the
th
first half of the 20 century.
No proper maintenance was done in last decades and water and wind erosion
damaged the infrastructure significantly.
The river beds are not maintained, they are usually overgrown and full with
carried sediments, debris and stones.
The maintenance and optimization of operation of the dams are necessary.
5.1
Building a sound flood management system

on strong pillars
All Western Balkan countries should improve their disaster risk reduction
capacities, mechanisms and infrastructures for flood prevention by:
developing integrated flood hazards and risk mapping (including digital terrain
maps) and vulnerability assessment of the areas concerned, as well as
defining specific areas where enhancement of flood risk management actions,
including preparedness, prevention and protection measures, is necessary.
84
developing sound flood risk management plans and introducing adequate land
use planning, promoting sustainable land use practices that improve water
retention. In parallel, work on flood defences and climate resilient
infrastructure of both structural (grey) and natural (green) type needs to be
enhanced, providing for climate-proofing of vulnerable investments.
revisiting the meteorological and hydraulic models, which establish the

background for the flood prevention measures in the region, by integrating
climate change and analysing if any rehabilitation and/or reconstruction is
necessary for the flood prevention structures.
developing integrated and cooperative early warning systems at all levels

(regional, national and local), cooperating regionally for upgrading contingency
planning and emergency measures, including adaptation measures and
sharing of data and information, coordinating and standardizing hydrometeorological data collection and analysis and sharing it in the region for
weather and flow forecasts.
intensifying efforts for further and full alignment with the EU Water Framework
Directive and Floods Directive.
All these improvements should be done taking into account already existing local,
national, trans-national and EU level activities to optimize the synergies between
all those different levels of action.
5.2
Development of the river basin management

plans
The countries should prioritize the implementation of the Danube and Sava Basin
Management Plans. The Sava Basin Management Plan should be scaled down for
integrated development and implementation in each country.
Countries should review the river basin management planning needs and
improve maintenance standards in river infrastructure, in coordination with the
ICPDR and ISRBC and in full alignment with the Flood and Water Framework
Directive;
Countries should develop coherent river basis management plans.
5.3
Enhancement of the Civil Protection and

Response Capacity
Countries should be encouraged to become members of the Union Civil Protection

60
Mechanism , to adopt best practices, harmonise procedures with other EU
Member States, benefit from international cooperation in this field, to increase their
60
Decision No 1313/2013/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 December 2013 on a
Union Civil Protection Mechanism
85
capability to develop effective national civil protection systems and collaborate in a

coherent manner when dealing with floods and other natural hazards:
Institutional mechanisms for coordinating disaster risk reduction response and

recovery should be clarified and strengthened.
National Platforms on Disaster Risk Reduction and Inclusion of private sector

in disaster management have to be developed.
Regional and international cooperation for hazard prevention, reduction and

mitigation activities has to be established.
Integrated risk analysis, including consideration of relevant human behaviour

and decision-making processes, has to be developed and an integrated risk
reduction policy has to be implemented.
5.4
Hot Points
It has to be noted the determination of the hot points and prioritized projects shall
be the output of a comprehensive gap analysis. The hints given in this section are
results of experts guestimates and are subject to justifications through
internationally accepted ways and tools.
As mentioned above most of the flood management structures in the region are too
old and have been built decades ago. Limited number of projects are ongoing in
the countries.
It has to be noted that several small scale investments may have been ignored
while preparing this map.
Despite that it is too early and that the data is very limited for the assessment on
any hot points (or immediate measures to be taken) in the region, below
investments (in addition to the risk management items mentioned already) seem to
be priority ones for sound flood prevention and management:
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
In BiH the availability of suspicious mine areas is increasing the importance of

sound flood management and increase the risk on human health and safety.
Places for priority investments including but not limited to construction of dikes and
river maintenance and regulation may be defined as follows.
Downstream of Drina River (Semberija and Bijeljina).

Downstream of Vrbas River (from Banja Luka to Sava River)
Mid and downstream of Ukrina River (Derventa and Brod)
Sana and Una Rivers (Prijedor and Novi Grad)
Rehabilitation of the inland channels including but not limited to Kozarska
Celinac, Dubica, Srbac, Brod, Modria, amac, Bijeljina, Gradika.
Usora and Lava Rivers
Rehabilitation of inlet channels in several cities in Sava catchment area in
FBiH
86
Albania
Serbia The flood protection in infrastructure in Vojvodina is more developed.

However, still some measures are needed in the areas along Morava River,
Drina River and Kolubara River. Another important problem is the
maintenance of flood protection system. Most of the old infrastructure may
need rehabilitation.
Downstream of Kolubara River (Obrenovac).

Downstream Drina River (Mava)
Mid Drina River (Loznica)
Protection measures in Banja Koviljaa from run offs
Albania needs flood protection investment for almost all rivers and tributaries in the
country for sound risk management.
Droje, Ishem, Erzen, Shkumbin, Seman, Vjose Rivers

Lower Drini & Buna River Basin in Shkodra area
Mid and downstream Mati River
Drainage network of Maliq and Torrovica
5.5
Recommendations for the next steps
A gap analysis should be carried out to result in a list of the needs and measures
for sound flood prevention and risk management, tailored on the needs per
country. This analysis will lead to a project pipeline which should be embedded in
the national project pipelines and serve as a basis for national investment
strategies and for EU and international funding mechanisms. In this context, the
present study should be followed by a more comprehensive gap analysis to:
provide a detailed list of the flood management tools (flood hazard and risk
maps, hydraulic models, early warning systems, etc.) and flood prevention
structures in the region;
assess the requirements for sound flood management including,

limited, to the implementation of WFD and FD;
implement an investment gap analysis to determine the investment needs in

the region and in each country;
identify links and interfaces, focusing on the regional and cross-border needs
and analyse the obstacles and preconditions;
establish a prioritization system, for the classification of immediate, urgent,

short-term, medium-term and long-term components, tailored for each
country;
identify financial resources from various sources, including national and

international, as well as the private sector;
prepare a sustainable investment financing plan considering the available

financial tools, taking into account the prioritization ranking relative to the
Water Framework and Flood Directives.
but not
87
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91

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A study for the European Commission

Present Situation of Flood Management

Western Balkans Investment Framework (WBIF),

Infrastructure Projects Facility Technical

European Western Balkans Joint Fund (EWBJF)

Western Balkans Investment Framework (WBIF)

The technical assistance operation is financed under the Western Balkans

The Way Forward

Assessment Capacities Project

Albania Disaster Risk Mitigation and Adaptation Project

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Cross border cooperation

Climate Change Framework Action Plan

Central European Initiative

Decision of Council of Ministers

Dartmouth Flood Observatory

Directorate General for Enlargement

Drina River Commission

Digital terrain model

Environment and Climate Regional Accession Network

European Investment Bank

Environmental management information system

Environmental Protection Agency

European Regional Development Fund

Emergency response planning

Electronic Regional Risk Atlas

European Partnership with Municipalities Programme

Infrastructure Projects Facility

European currency, Euro

Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Flood hazard map

Financial Market Supervisory Authority

Foundation for the Development of Northern Montenegro

Flood risk map

Gross domestic product

Global Environmental Facility

Global Facility for Disaster Risk Reduction and Recovery

Geographical information system

Hydrologic prognostic (forecast) system

Hydro-meteorological and seismological Service of the Republic Montenegro

Hydro power plant

Croatian currency, Kuna

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

International Court of Justice

International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River

International Development Association

International financial institution

Institute for Energy Water and Environment

Instrument for Pre-accession

Infrastructure Project Facility

Infrastructural Projects Facility

International Sava River Basin Commission

Integrated water resources management

German Development Bank - Kreditanstalt fr Wiederaufbau

Light detection and ranging

Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning

Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations

National weather service

Post-Disaster Needs Assessment

Public Enterprise Roads of Serbia

Project Implementation Unit

Policy and Legal Advice Centre

Project Implementation Unit