Experiment no: 2

Date performed: Sep. 14, 2015

Title: Discharge Coefficient of Venturimeter

Date Submitted: Oct. 15, 2015

& Flow Coefficient of Orifice Flowmeter

Authors: Barcelona, John Rey D.
Tortugo, Jonathan II
1

INTRODUCTION
1

Theory
When fluid flows through a pipe, it is known that losses due to friction
occur. Friction loss is the losses of head that occurs due to the effect of viscosity
near the surface of the pipe. This friction loss and energy loss due to obstructions
is what makes flow, specifically volume flow rate different from an ideally and
theoretically expected volume flow rate. In this experiment, the flow coefficient
of the orifice flowmeter and the discharge coefficient of venturimeter will be
obtained. The coefficient of discharge is a dimensionless number used to
characterise the flow and pressure loss behavior of nozzles and orifices in fluids
systems. The coefficient of discharge is known as the ratio of an ideal volume
flow rate to the actual volume flow rate. In other words, the coefficient of
discharge is used to make a theoretical volume flow rate value into the actual
volume flow rate due to several losses or vice-verse.

MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

2.1

Specs and pictures

Manometer Is a fluid measuring device that uses a

column of liquid to measure pressure.
Figure 1: Manometer
Venturi meter is a short tube, tapering-in
construction to
have a throat at
mid length of the tube that

causes an

increase in velocity &

decrease in

pressure followed by a

tapering-out to

its original diameter.

Figure 2: Venturi meter
Pitot tube An open-ended right angled tube pointing into the flow of a fluid & is
used to measure pressure.
Figure 3: Pitot tube
Orifice flow meter Consists of concentric sharp-edged circular
hole in a thin plate that is clamped between
the flanges of the pipe.
Figure 4:
2.2
3

Orifice flow meter

Experimental Set-up
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Place the manometer on solid
mounting, level accurately and
adjust the built in level to zero or
center mark. Record the initial

reading of the manometer to read small pressure differential.

3.2 Subdivide the cross-section of the duct into sixteen regions of equal area and let the
pitot-static tube transverse each station.

3.3 While the damper is set, record the air temperature and the barometer reading. The
damper must be set at a point during the use of the pitot-static tube and must be at
the same point during the use of the venturimeter and orifice flow meter.
3.4 Connect the pitot-static tube such that the static pressure may be read from the short
tube manometer. Connect with rubber tubing the static pressure connection of the
pitot-static tube to the manometer liquid reservoir of the short tube manometer. For
the long tube manometer, attach a rubber tubing at the other end and measure the
differential pressure PS-PO for every station in the sixteen regions.
3.5 Use the equations shown below for the coefficient of discharge
Q

C=
A2

K =

2 g( P2P 1)

A2

2
1
2
2

A
(1
)
A

2 g(P 2P1)
A 12
( 1 2 )
A2

Where A1 = Cross sectional area of pipe at station 1

A2 = Smallest Cross sectional area of the pipe downstream
P1 = Pressure of pipe at station 1
P2 = Pressure of pipe at station 2
C = Coefficient of discharge for venturimeter
K = Coefficient of flow for orifice flow meter
Q = Volume flow rate of air
= Specific weight of the liquid in the manometer
g = Local gravity in the area
4

DATA AND RESULTS

Table 1: Pitot - static tube Data
DAMPER SETTING

Duct
Transverse
1

Ps
0

2
3

0
0

2
Pt
1.8
1.8
5
1.8

P
1.8

Ps
0

4
Pt
1.8

1.85
1.8

0
0

1.8
1.8

P
1.8
1.8
1.8

Ps
0

6
Pt
1.8

P
1.8

0
0

1.8
1.8

1.8
1.8

Ps
0

8
Pt
1.9

P
1.9

0
0

1.8
1.8

1.8
1.8

Ps
0

16
Pt
1.8

P
1.8

0
0

1.8
1.8

1.8
1.8

4
5

0
0

6
7

0
0

10

1.7
5
1.8
1.8
5
1.8
1.7
5

1.75
1.8

0
0

1.8
1.8

1.8

1.75

1.8
1.7
5

1.8
1.8
1.8
5
1.8
1.7
5
1.7
5

1.85
1.8

0
0

1.85
1.8

1.75

1.75

0
0

1.8
1.8

1.8
1.8

0
0

1.8
1.8

1.8
1.8

0
0

1.8
1.8

1.8
1.8

0
0

1.8
1.8

0
0

1.8
1.8

1.8
1.8

0
0

1.8
1.8

1.8
1.8

1.85

1.8
1.8
1.8
5

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.85

11

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.85

12

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.85

13
14

0
0

1.8
1.8

1.8
1.8

0
0

1.75
1.8

0
0

1.8
1.8

1.8
1.8

0
0

1.8
1.8

1.8
1.8

0
0

1.85 1.85
1.8 1.8

15

1.8

1.8

1.85

1.8
1.7
5
1.8
1.8
5

1.8
1.8
5
1.8
5
1.8
5

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.8

1.8

16
AVE

0
0

1.8
1.8

1.8
1.8

0
0

1.8
1.8

1.8
1.8

0
0

1.8
1.8

1.8
1.8

0
0

1.85
1.8

1.9
1.8
5
1.8

0
0

1.8
1.8

1.8
1.8

Table 2: Venturimeter & Orifice Data

Inlet
Opening

Fully
Closed

One
Fourth

Damper
Setting
2
4
6
8
10
20
2
4
6
8
10
20
2
4

Venturi Meter
P1
Pt
P
0.5
0.5
0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0
0.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.2
2.1
0.1
1.5
1.4
0.1
1.1
0.9
0.2
0.7
0.6
0.1
0.5
0.35 0.15
0.25
0
0.25
2.3
2.2
0.1
2.1
1.9
0.2

Orifice
Pt
P
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.1
0
0.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.7
0.5
1.3
0.2
1
0.1
0.7
0
0.5
0
0.2 0.05
1.8
0.5
1.5
0.6

Three
Fourth

Fully
Opening

6
8
10
20
2
4
6
8
10
20
2
4
6
8
10
20

1.8
1.7
1.3
0.8
2.3
2.2
2.1
2
1.8
1.6
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
2
1.8

1.6
1.3
0.9
0.1
2.2
2.1
1.9
1.6
1.3
0
2.3
2.1
2
1.5
1.3
0.1

0.2
0.4
0.4
0.7
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.5
1.6
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.7
1.7

1.4
1
0.6
0.3
2.1
1.8
1.4
0.9
0.5
0.3
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.1
0.4

0.4
0.7
0.7
0.5
0.2
0.4
0.7
1.1
1.3
1.3
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.9
1.4

CONCLUSION
The essence of this experiment is to obtain the coefficient of discharge, which is the
ratio of the mass flow rate at the discharge end of the nozzle to that of an ideal nozzle which
expands an identical working fluid from the same initial conditions to the same exit
pressures, now this coefficient of discharge is very significant when focusing on the
relationship of ideal flow to actual flow on a fluid inside an obstruction. Knowing the
coefficient of discharge, it acts as somewhat a conversion from the magnitude of ideal flow
fluid in a pipe into the actual magnitude of flow in a pipe.

Bibliography
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/coefficient%20of%20discharge
https://neutrium.net/fluid_flow/discharge-coefficient-for-nozzles-and-orifices/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction_loss