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September 2014
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ABSTRACT. In Greece, the first structures of local government existed since the Ottoman
period, and gradually evolved, increasing their powers. During "Metapolitefsi" (the period
after the military Junta of 1967-1974), a slew of reforms aimed at gradually reducing the
number of Municipalities and at the decentralisation of power. The most recent reform
concerning Greek local government is the "Kallikratis" reform, which was passed in the
Greek Parliament in 2010 under the burden of the financial crisis plaguing the Greek
economy. The primary objective of "Kallikratis" was the fiscal consolidation of Municipalities
and the improvement of their financial measures, which would be achieved mainly by
reducing their operating costs. According to the rapporteurs of the reform, the operating
expenses of the municipalities would be limited through the measure of compulsory
mergers promoted, as well as by a series of accompanying measures relating to the
reduction of staff, enhancing transparency and fighting corruption at a local level.
This dissertation examines the effectiveness of the merger reform of "Kallikratis" on the
financial measures of the merged municipalities compared with the unmerged. For this
reason, financial data of 2010, concerning the period before "Kallikratis", is compared with
that of 2011 and 2012, where the reform was implemented. At the same time, a more
general approach to the financial figures of Municipalities is attempted in order to study and
interpret the changes of their finances amid the economic crisis.
Our results show that the effectiveness of the measure in improving the finances of merged
Municipalities over the unmerged ones and more specifically, changes in their operating
expenses are not significantly noticeable. Therefore, the improvement of the budgets of
municipalities during the crisis, which indeed was achieved, was mainly due to other factors
that are associated with the intensification of tax collection measures that led to an increase
in revenue for municipalities, as well as the austerity policy applied at the level of social
benefits.
ii
Contents
1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1
2. Related Literature .................................................................................................................. 3
3. Context and the "Kallikratis" reform ..................................................................................... 7
4. Data and Method ................................................................................................................ 10
4.1 Data and Variables......................................................................................................... 10
4.2 Method .......................................................................................................................... 13
5. Results ................................................................................................................................. 17
5.1 Examining the null hypotheses...................................................................................... 17
5.2 Summary of the null hypotheses results ....................................................................... 21
5.3 Overall variations of measures ...................................................................................... 23
6. Discussion ............................................................................................................................ 24
7. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 28
8. References ........................................................................................................................... 29
9. Appendix .............................................................................................................................. 31
1. Data (Non-economic data) .............................................................................................. 31
2. Data (Economic data, 2010-2011) ................................................................................... 35
3. Data (Economic data, 2012) ............................................................................................ 40
iii
1. Introduction
The Local government is a structural element of the administrative structure of modern
states and one of the main pillars for efficient political, economic and social function in
democratic systems. In Greece, the first local government structures were already set up
since the Ottoman period, and gradually evolved, introducing democratic representatives
nominating processes and increasing their responsibilities. The Constitution of 1975
appointed the municipalities and communities as the first step of administration of the
country, giving them administrative autonomy for the first time, with state supervision.
During the 1980s, the Laws 1416/84 and 1622/86, adopted incentives for voluntary
amalgamation of municipalities and communities to new municipalities, without these being
proven to be effective, however, as fewer than 400 municipalities (out of a total of 5,775)
utilized these incentives. In the same direction of strengthening the previously multifragmented municipalities and communities, by the Law 1416/84, 572 Development Links
were created and by Law 2218/94, 492 local councils were created, aspiring to become poles
of attraction of local political and economic activities in order to contribute to the creation
of new strong municipalities with voluntary amalgamation.
During the 1990s, the "Administrative reform Kapodistrias", that was implemented in final
form in 1999, contributed to the creation of fewer and stronger municipalities with
mandatory coalescence, contributing to the gradual modernization of the administrative
system in the country. The local government of 5,318 communities and 457 municipalities
was replaced by 914 municipalities and 120 communities with parallel institutional
introduction of 13 regions ("peripheries") and 51 prefectural authorities, including 3
extended prefectural authorities.
The effort to further reduce the number of Local Authorities intensified under the burden of
the fiscal crisis of 2009-2010, where in addition to the strengthening of the local authorities
and their increased responsibilities, first priority was their reorganization, aiming at fiscal
consolidation of negative budgets experienced by the vast majority of municipalities (75% of
municipalities were in deficit in 2010). This target was to be enforced through the
"Kallikratis" reform that was voted by the Greek Parliament in 2010. The mergers of
municipalities and communities promoted, leading to the limitation of legal persons, the
reduction of operational costs and the exploitation of scale economies (YPES, 2010a) created
expectations for significant capital savings that would contribute to the overall fiscal
consolidation of the national economy.
This dissertation deals with the performance evaluation of the merger measure of
"Kallikratis" reform, and aims to draw conclusions, both on the effectiveness of the
implementation of the measure, and on the characteristics which formed the financials of
municipalities amid economic crisis. The structure of the dissertation is as follows: The next
section describes the related literature, both at the domestic level for the Greek Local
Authorities, as well as internationally, for research related to the economic measures of
municipalities. Section 3 presents the theoretical background associated with the
description of the reform and the goals set by its rapporteurs. The next section covers the
1
description of data and variables used and the method applied. Section 5 presents the
results of the method. Section 6 follows with the analysis of the results for the performance
of the merger measure and their interpretation, and general conclusions about the change
in the economic measures of Greek Municipalities amid crisis. The final section provides the
conclusions reached.
2. Related Literature
The related literature on the Greek local government and its reforms cannot be regarded as
very rich; it basically consists of theoretical approaches of models and reforms that have
been attempted and are descriptive in nature. Empirical studies and analyses with figures
and practical data on the economics of the municipalities are very rare. Particularly during
the crisis, from 2010 onwards, which is addressed in our work, the existing literature reports
on local government relates to the descriptive analysis of the new model of "Kallikratis",
with its economic implications simply referred to as projections based on estimates of the
rapporteurs of the reform.
Hlepas and Getimis (Nikolaos Komninos Hlepas & Getimis, 2011) undertook an assessment
of the reforms of local government, dividing the period since 1981 in three phases: the first,
1981 to 1995, is characterized by the effort to decentralization and strengthening of local
government, the second, from 1996 to 2000, relates to improving the efficiency in the
context of European integration and the third, since 2001, concerns the most recent
reforms. Their research concluded in the existence of strong input legitimacy, in the first
wave of local government reforms (1981-1995), in contrast to coordination and steering that
remained weak, with efficiency not being a major priority. In the second wave (1996-2000)
output legitimacy as well as coordination and steering improved, while input legitimacy
became weaker. The most recent reform wave aimed at eliminating the problems created by
previous reforms, with a focus on efficiency, coordination, transparency, control and
accountability deficits, with the results, however, being somewhat questionable. HLEPAS
acted on similar grounds regarding the classification of reforms (Nicolaos Komninos Hlepas,
2010), further noting the period 2004-2009, where the role of local governments is
characterized by neo-conservative options and dilemmas of the New Democracy
government, with several minor changes being promoted, following a legalistic and "properhousehold" approach. During this period, legal and fiscal controls on local government have
been enlarged and stressed, while at the same time, the government promoted publicprivate partnerships but rather restrained from privatization.
Calliope Spanou (Spanou, 1998) emphasized the effects of the European integration of
Greece in local government, stressing that the responsiveness to the European constraints is
not only a matter of institutional reform, but is also conditioned by a variety of extrainstitutional, informal processes relative to state-society relations and politicsadministration interaction and hence the full policy convergence depends on the
peculiarities of the Greek political-administrative system. However, the integration of Greek
municipalities in European programmes of the European Social Fund (ESF) and the increased
contacts and cooperation with local government authorities of other member states,
assessed in breaking the isolation of (first- and second-tier) local government and its
dependency on the national state, profoundly affecting centre-periphery relations. Ralli
Gekas, examining the factors that influence the economic behaviour of municipalities,
highlighted the direct link of it with the geographical position of the municipality (for
example its classification as mountainous or flat, or if an island or mainland), its
administrative position and the density of its population. At the same time, she highlighted
the crucial role the irregular grants played on the economic behaviour of Local Authorities.
In terms of more specific reforms, Alexander Sideridis (Sideridis, 1988) deals with the
introduction of the information system LAIOS (Local Authorities Information and
Organizational System) in local governments, which is intended to support automatic
decision making, by including the efficient use of new information tools. His analysis
concludes that, under LAIOS, it is possible to handle the administrative needs of local
governments, as the detailed programs and the methodological steps proposed for the
implementation of the system allow the progressive development of a highly effective
information system suitable for decentralized local government with autonomy and selfsufficiency. Cohen, Kaimenaki and Zorgios (Cohen, Kaimenaki & Zorgios, 2007) analyze the
introduction of accrual accounting in Greek municipalities, in late 1996, which intended to
decrease the Stage Budget expenditures by rationalizing and controlling the state subsidies.
Although the main obstacles regarding accrual accounting implementation in municipalities
were overcome through a short, non-resource demanding process and the assessment
procedure was well received by all interested parties, the attitude of the staff in the
accounting departments of municipalities as well as the actions and omissions of external
parties such as legislative bodies and supervising authorities were the main factors that
seriously affected the initial failure of IT introduction. The information content of accrual
accounting financial ratios for cross sectional municipalities' comparisons is also discussed by
Cohen (Cohen, 2008), who concluded that the assessment of financial performance of
municipalities through traditional financial ratios is influenced by macro-economic factors,
such as GDP, population, real estate values, tourist development and whether the
municipality hosts the prefecture capital. Cohen, Doumpos, Neofytou and Zopounidis
(Cohen, Doumpos, Neofytou & Zopounidis, 2012) have developed an operational model for
evaluating the financial viability of local municipalities in Greece based on a set of
customized to the local government context financial ratios. The model, which has been
developed by using information retrieved by accrual financial statements from Greek
municipalities for both 2007 and 2009, succeeded in correctly classifying distressed
municipalities according to a benchmark set by the central government in 2010.
Proceeding to more recent literature associated with references to the "Kallikratis" reform,
Christoforos Skamnakis (Skamnakis) dealt with the relationship between the size of local
authorities and social benefits, both for the "Kapodistrias" and "Kallikratis" reforms,
emphasizing that in the first case, though the average size of local government bodies
underwent a significant increase, many remained relatively incapable of deploying all the
powers provided for under the new institutional regime and their dependence on the
centre, particularly when it came to funding, imposed significant limitations on the
potentialities of the new local self-government bodies and the efficacy of their interventions.
In the case of "Kallikratis" reform, he stresses that although the role and the importance of
local government institutions is being expanded so that they now comprise important policy
making poles at the local level, the prevailing climate of austerity in public finances
precludes any support from the state budget for local government organizations, and on the
terrain of social services an absolute incapacity is evident to sustain functions that are
evaluated as being both timely and crucial for local communities.
4
Romea Manojlovic (Manojlovi, 2010) deals with the description and the predictions of the
"Kallikratis" reform, as the real answer for the "Kapodistrias" failure for decentralization, as
Greece remained the most centralized country in Europe. The main reason for the reform is
to reduce the costs that highly centralized local government produces and Greece is
expected to generate 1.5 billion savings from this reform (MoF, 2010) by the merging of
local units, and the reduction of the number of employees. However, he mentions two facts
that cause doubt whether this reform will actually lead to decentralization, which have to do
with the problem of finances, as there is no point in giving local units new competences if
they do not have enough resources to exercise them, and also the problem of the creation
of seven directorates general, which shows that the state is not ready to cease its power.
Stella Ladi (Ladi, 2014) analyzes the effect of critical junctures and paradigm shift on Greek
public administration reform in light of the economic crisis. She characterizes the
"Kallikratis" reform as a second order change, because although it does not change the goals
of local administration, it reshuffles the responsibilities between local governments and
regions and she further adds the economic goals of the reform, which is 0.5 per cent of GDP
budgetary savings by the end of 2015. However, all these references are associated with
possible predictions and descriptive analyses of "Kallikratis" rather than empirical evidence
on its real effects.
At an international level, literature on both empirical evidence and theoretical approaches
exists on the economics of local government, but does not include the analysis of reforms
with the same features and the same situational background with that of Kallikratis reform
in Greece.
Jordahl and Liang (Jordahl & Liang, 2010) by examining the Swedish municipal amalgamation
reform of 1952 found that municipalities that merged in 1952 increased their debt between
1948 and 1952 when the reform could be anticipated, which is explained by the incentives
to free-ride on their amalgam partners. In a similar research on the performance of
amalgamations in the Israeli municipalities in 2003, Yaniv Reingewertz (Reingewertz, 2012)
found that the amalgamations resulted in a decrease of about 9% in municipal expenditures,
while the level of services provided to the residents of the amalgamated municipalities were
unaffected. Also, DOLLERY and CRASE (Dollery & Crase, 2004) examined the municipal
amalgamations in Australia, arguing that substantial economic benefits inevitably flow from
fewer, larger municipal councils.
Foucault, Madies and Paty (Foucault, Madies & Paty, 2008) examined the existence of
spending interactions between French municipalities and found that such interactions do
exist between neighbouring municipalities as regards primary and investment expenditures,
and also they found evidence consistent with the opportunistic behaviour of local
governments, which increases all categories of public spending in pre-electoral periods.
Corresponding interactions were examined in Spain too, with data from 1999, by Albert
Sol-Oll (Sol-Oll, 2006) who emphasized on spillovers resulting from local expenditure
policies. He concluded that the existence of both "benefit spillovers" arising from the
provision of local public goods, and "crowding spillovers" from the crowding of facilities by
residents in neighbouring jurisdictions is confirmed.
Loikkanen and Susiluoto (Loikkanen & Susiluoto, 2005) studied the cost efficiency of basic
welfare service provision in Finnish municipalities during the period 1994-2002, and
confirmed the existence of considerable cost efficiency differences between the
municipalities, which remained stable during the examined period, as well as a positive
correlation between efficiency and smaller and southern municipalities, and a negative one
for municipalities located in the peripheral northern parts of the country. They also found
some evidence proving that characteristics such as high wages, large population and high
unemployment levels tend to reduce efficiency of municipal service provision. Ferraz and
Finan (Ferraz & Finan, 2009) using reports from an anti-corruption program in Brazil,
concluded that accountability affects the corruption practices of incumbent politicians, with
less corruption in municipalities where mayors can get re-elected, where there is more
access to information and the likelihood of judicial punishment is higher.
Carlsen, Langset and Ratts (Carlsen, Langset & Ratts, 2005) by examining the relationship
between mobility conditions and tax level among municipalities in Norway, taking into
account neighbourhood effects and the endogeneity of mobility conditions, found a negative
correlation between these two factors. Benny Geys (Geys, 2007) focusing on the causes of
electoral and policy cycles, in Flemish municipalities, argues that the level of political
fragmentation of the government affects both the need for and possibility to engage in
opportunistic policy cycles. Heyndels and Smolders (Heyndels & Smolders, 1994), also using
data from Flemish municipalities, suggest the existence of important illusionary effects,
focusing on the empirical estimation of the four major sources of fiscal illusion, namely the
flypaper effect, renter illusion and the complexity and elasticity of tax systems.
Therefore, from the analysis of the related literature, apparently, there is a particularly
broad, unexplored field of investigation related to empirical evidence in Greek local
government, and more specifically during the period of the fiscal crisis in Greece since 2009.
Based on this, the current dissertation aims to fill this gap specifying the direction of
research on the economic performance of "Kallikratis" reform and mergers of Greek
Municipalities that it induced. Following, is an analysis of the political and economic
framework of the reform, under the weight of the economic crisis, accompanied with a
general description of the provisions and objectives of "Kallikratis".
organizations, participation in EU and national programs) and finally, cultural and historical
criteria.
Furthermore, "Kallikratis" defines the operation of 7 Decentralised Administrations with
state and non local duties, while sanctioning metropolitan functions in Attica and
Thessaloniki to address issues on transport and communications, environment and quality of
life, spatial planning and urban landscaping, as well as civil protection and security policy.
That even strengthens the intra-Community decentralization of power and responsibilities
with the creation of municipal and local communities with enhanced powers. In addition,
the public legal entities and businesses of municipalities are drastically reduced from 6.000
to 1.500, while the approximately 60,000 members of their administrations are reduced to
20,000 members of municipal councils.
In addition, "Kallikratis" creates a new model of economic management. This includes
establishing Independent Autonomous Supervision Service of Local Authorities with the
chief, Legal Auditor being selected by the Special Selection Board of Supervisors (EI.S.E.P.). It
also defines the obligation of local authorities to undergo screening by the Court of Audit for
any expenditure they wish to make, and the commissioner of the Court Council monitors
and has the ability to impose penalties, not only for the costs but also for collection of
revenue. Moreover, the Court of Audit performs a generalized pre-contractual audit on
contracts over 100,000 contracted by the municipalities, their legal entities and businesses.
In the context of e-Government, each municipality is required to display on their website a
budget summary and quarterly report on the progress of implementation, while it is
compulsory for the decisions made for any expenditure to be posted on the Internet (System
"Di@ygeia") so they can be executed. Regarding the recruitment of permanent and seasonal
staff in local authorities all these are regulated by the Supreme Council for Civil Personnel
Selection (ASEP). In addition, limits on borrowing by municipalities have been set, and a
special consolidation program is provided for the municipalities that are in debt. Finally,
there is a limitation on establishing Legal Entities governed by public or private law to
municipalities, with a specific number per category, in relation to the population.
Moreover, in the direction of reducing operating costs of municipalities through the
reduction of staff for the local government, according to a report by KEDE2 (KEDE, 2012),
they suffered a decrease in the number of mayors by 69% and the number of municipal
councillors by 43%. The Presidents of Municipal Councils were reduced by 64%, the vicemayors by 35% and Special Advisors by 60%. Reductions in salaries of mayors are at the
levels of 18% from January 2011 and 28% from September 2012, respectively. Reductions in
salaries of Special Advisors, Scientific Partners and Special Partners of Municipalities range
between 50% and 70%, depending on the population category of the municipality.
Therefore, it follows that the design of the "Kallikratis" reform concerns the radical
restructuring of local government, aiming at fiscal consolidation of municipalities, and the
contribution of local government in the overall fiscal consolidation of the state. The
objective of the "Kallikratis" reform, therefore, is clearly in the direction towards effective
cost cutting and the rationalization of municipalities budgets. This is done through the
process of mergers, which will lead to the reduction of administrative structures and
2
institutions, as well as reducing staff in municipalities and thus drastically reducing their
operating costs. Contributing to this, are the provisions for the limitation of the Legal Entities
of municipalities, and thus their cost, as well as the provisions for establishing transparency
in wage determination procedures and the implementation of expenditures. Therefore, the
effectiveness of the rules relating to mergers of municipalities which were introduced by
"Kallikratis" as well as the overall financial management of municipalities will be the subject
of our research which is analyzed in the next section.
where stands for 10, 11, 12 respectively. By the term expenses, we mean total costs per
municipality, without provisions and reserves, including any financial obligation of the
municipalities, which we will divide into two categories; operating costs, which will be
analyzed below, and non-operating costs:
(4.3)
From these variables, we constructed differences of revenues and expenses, as follows:
(4.4)
In addition, for the comparison of these figures for the years after the implementation of the
"Kallikratis" reform, with those of 2010, we constructed the differences of the differences of
revenues and expenses for the years 2011 and 2012 to 2010, which will be the basic topic of
interest, as well as the differences in the respective years of revenues and expenses
separately:
(4.5)
(4.6)
(4.7)
where
Also, data was collected, as mentioned earlier, regarding government grants SATA and KAP
of municipalities and for their operating costs. The KAP (Central Independent Funds) come
from central government tax rates (income tax and legal entities (20%), road tax (50%), real
estate transfer tax (3%) and tax on interest on bank deposits (20%)). The product of Central
Independent Funds is allocated each year in three categories, based on the relevant
legislation: that of SATA (Communal Decision of Local Government Funds) relating to the
financing of investment activities of the municipalities, the general revenue of the
municipalities that can be allocated to any expenditure, and the Financial Development
Program "Theseus", the successor to the Special Program for Local Government ("EPTA"), in
2004 (, 2011). The operating expenses of municipalities include the fees and
expenses of personnel and general operating costs (EETAA, 2010). It should be noted that
the main objective of "Kallikratis" is to reduce operating costs. This data, as well as the
corresponding revenues and expenses of the municipalities described above, were collected
by the Greek Ministry of Interior, Directorate of Local Government Finance - Department of
Processing and Monitoring Financial Data of Local Government.
As in the case of the difference of revenues and expenses for municipalities, we constructed
the differences in figures above for the years 2011 and 2012 to 2010, to allow the study of
their change after the implementation of the "Kallikratis" reform:
(4.8)
(4.9)
(4.10)
11
The remaining variables used refer to non financial data which is potentially related to the
financial management of municipalities and for which we want to control for, so as to
increase the validity of our results. The variables are divided into three categories: general
aspects of municipalities, the political elements and geographical data. These figures apply
to the municipalities as they were formed by the "Kallikratis" reform.
Included in the general data of the municipalities is their population, their area and
multitude of the "Kapodistrias" municipalities merged into the new "Kallikratis" ones. For
the population of the municipalities, the data refers to 2010 but with the "Kallikratis" form
of municipalities and it has been collected by the Greek Ministry of Interior. It is assumed
that the data remains unchanged for the three years to be studied. Data of the area of the
municipalities were collected by the Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT) and measured in
km2. The number of merged Kapodistrian municipalities forming the new "Kallikratis" ones is
1 for immutable municipalities and j for merged as described in equation (4.1).
The political elements of the municipalities concern the municipal elections of 2010, which
were the first with the new "Kallikratis" form. Specifically, data was collected on the partisan
identity of the elected mayor, the percentage of representation of the mayoral coalition in
the Municipal Council and the existing or non-prior term of the mayor. The description of
the mayors partisan identity receives four (4) values, depending on whether the elected
mayor belongs to or is supported by PASOK, New Democracy, another leftist party, or
elected as an "independent" candidate. For a description of this categorical variable, we
used the binary variables pasok, nd, left. The contribution of this variable is associated with
the political will of the current mayor to comply with the restrictive provisions of "Kallikratis"
reform, and it is expected that mayors who were adjacent to the then PASOK government to
have greater contribution to fiscal consolidation. The percentage of representation for the
mayoral coalition (perc_of_seats) is calculated as the number of seats of the coalition divided
by the total number of seats in the Municipal Council, and is associated with the ability of
the coalition to vote for and implement their political decisions. For the incumbency status
of the mayor we use the binary variable incumbent, which is expected, according to Ferraz
and Finan (Ferraz & Finan, 2009), for the financial management of incumbents to be more
vulnerable to corruption in comparison to the newly elected mayors and the fiscal
adjustment less effective. All the above data was collected by the Elections Department of
Greek Ministry of Interior.
The geographical features of municipalities are associated with the characterization of the
municipality as mountainous or not, as insular or not, or as the county capital or not. For the
description of the municipality as mountainous or not we used the binary variable mountain
and its values come from a relevant legislative provision ( 85, 2012). For the
description of the municipalities as insular the binary variable island was used, as well as the
binary variable creta, to cover the special case of municipalities in Crete that are
inconsistent with the principle "One island, one municipality" provided by "Kallikratis". For
the 52 capitals of Greek prefectures that designate the administrative division of the country
we used the binary variable capital.
Finally, it should be noted that in the case of "Kapodistrias" municipalities and communities,
the economic data collected for 2010, by the Interior Ministry, showed deficiencies in
12
specific municipalities. To fill this data gap, we constructed the variable bias, which for each
"Kallikratis" municipality is defined as:
(4.11)
where is the number of communities that form the new municipality for which financial
data is missing and the number of "Kapodistrias" municipalities that constitute the new
municipality for which financial data is missing. This variable will be used in the method
below to restrict our sample, based on the trade-off of the number of units included in our
study and the validity of their financial data.
4.2 Method
For the purposes of our research, our treated and control group will be constructed, based
on the process of mergers of municipalities. More specifically, all those "Kallikratis"
municipalities that arose from merging two or more "Kapodistrias" municipalities or
communities are placed in the treated group, while those that remained unchanged are
among the control group. In this way we will examine the effect of mergers introduced by
the "Kallikratis" reform in the financials of municipalities, by comparing the change in the
respective variables for amalgamated (treat=1) in relation to the immutable (treat=0), for
2011 and 2012 compared with 2010. This process will be in two phases. Initially, we restrict
our sample to Dataset 1 (272 units), consisting of municipalities with bias<=0.5, i.e., the
municipalities for which data is missing for 2010 in at most one community. Then, we
restrict our sample to Dataset 2 (253 units), consisting of municipalities with bias=0, i.e., the
municipalities for which all data is known.
Our study will be performed using linear models, with response variables the change in
financial figures we want to study, and in all cases both simple linear models and models
with control for the explanatory variables described above will be used, as will be portrayed
below3. Also, in all cases, the variables for which we will check the estimate and their
statistical significance will be the variable treat defined in the preceding paragraph, as well
as the variable merged that was analyzed in section 4.1, in order to examine both the impact
of mergers on economics as such, but also the intensity of mergers described by the variable
merged.
First, we will examine the relative change of the difference between revenues and expenses
for the years 2011 and 2012, compared with 2010, for the treated municipalities compared
to the control. As response variables we will use the variables
and
respectively, for both the simple and the multiple linear models. We will consider the
following null hypothesis:
The explanatory variables that will be included in the multiple linear models are: area, population,
perc_of_seats, pasok, nd, left, incumbent, mountain, capital, island, creta, sata_10_ii, kap_10_ii
13
We will examine the respective null hypothesis for the multiple linear model which includes
our explanatory variables:
As described above, these null hypotheses will be considered for both datasets 1, 2 as well
as all null hypotheses that will be described below for the other financials. These are the
following:
For the effect of mergers of municipalities on the relative change in operating costs for the
years 2011 and 2012, compared with 2010, we will examine the null hypothesis:
We will also examine the respective null hypothesis for the multiple linear model which
includes our explanatory variables:
For the effect of mergers of municipalities on the relative change of municipal revenues for
the years 2011 and 2012, compared to 2010, we will examine the null hypothesis:
The respective null hypothesis will also be examined for the multiple linear model which
includes our explanatory variables:
For the effect of mergers of municipalities on the relative change of municipal expenses for
the years 2011 and 2012, compared with 2010, we will examine the null hypothesis:
The respective null hypothesis will be also examined for the multiple linear model which
includes our explanatory variables:
14
Moreover, the same procedure will be applied for government grants SATA and KAP to
examine their possible change due to mergers of treated municipalities. The information
generated from these null hypotheses will help explain possible non-rejection of previous
cases. Thus, for the relative change of KAP for the years 2011 and 2012, compared with
2010, for treated municipalities compared to control:
The respective null hypothesis will be examined for the multiple linear model4 which
includes our explanatory variables:
The respective null hypothesis will be examined for the multiple linear model which includes
our explanatory variables:
Following, for the particular case in which the effect of the application of the "Kallikratis"
reform in the financials of municipalities, and in particular on the revenue-expenditure gap,
proves insignificant, we will examine and assess the relevant changes of individual figures
for 2011 and 2012, compared with 2010, for average rates, in order to be able to interpret
the factors that contributed to the formation of aggregates of Greek municipalities amid
crisis, beyond the analysis for the measure of mergers which will precede it. For these
calculations we will use the average values of the variables bud_20ii, operational_20ii,
rev_20ii, exp_20ii, kap_20ii and sata_20ii, from Dataset 2, where bias=0.
In this case, as well as in the multiple linear model for sata, we will include the same explanatory variables as in
the previous multiple linear models, with the omission of the variables kap_20_ii and sata_10_ii
15
To conclude this section, it should be noted that the two different Datasets 1 and 2 were
used to examine the sensitivity of the sample concerning the trade-off of the number of
observations and the validity of the data. In the case that the results for both Datasets are
not identical, the results for Dataset 2 will be considered more valid, which contained only
data without bias in 2010. Respectively, in the case that there is a difference between the
null hypotheses for the simple and the corresponding multiple linear models, in order to
reach our final conclusions, we will rely on the results of multiple ones, involving our
explanatory variables, as they take into consideration the possible correlation between the
variable treat/merged and the other explanatory variables, and the effect on the response
variable is attributed to the correct explanatory one.
16
5. Results
5.1 Examining the null hypotheses
For the description of the results of our study, we will use the output of the models we have
built, modified, so as to appear only the elements which contribute to our findings for the
rejection or non-rejection of the null hypotheses mentioned in section 4.2. The tables5 that
are presented below are displayed separately for each variable, and concern information for
both Datasets used. Any difference between the results of the two Datasets or between
simple and multiple linear models will be resolved as mentioned at the end of the previous
section.
First, for the null hypotheses
and
which relate to the difference between
revenues and expenses of municipalities, we have the following results:
treat
Dataset 1
(bias<=0.5)
without explanatory
variables
merged
with explanatory
variables
without explanatory
variables
with explanatory
variables
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
2010-2011
41190
0,936
-423700
0,378
154955
0,231
-143700
0,299
2010-2012
380461
0,388
433100
0,327
151256
0,175
-10900
0,933
budget
treat
Dataset 2
(bias=0)
without explanatory
variables
merged
with explanatory
variables
without explanatory
variables
with explanatory
variables
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
2010-2011
-79515
0,887
-184000
0,709
132207
0,234
-203900
0,091
2010-2012
305729
0,523
580900
0,198
35666
0,709
-190500
0,097
budget
In the tables to be used, the cells with p-values of the corresponding null hypotheses amounts greater than 0.1
are marked with a dark gray color, while those for which the p-values are between 0.05 and 0.1 with light gray
17
consolidation of municipalities, and therefore is not taken into account in the analysis that
follows in Section 6.
Concerning the null hypotheses
treat
Dataset 1
(bias<=0.5)
Operating
costs
without explanatory
variables
merged
with explanatory
variables
without explanatory
variables
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
2010-2011
-55108
0,958
425200
0,508
188433
0,474
130100
0,482
2010-2012
254347
0,785
381600
0,592
192744
0,415
476000
0,022
treat
Dataset 2
(bias=0)
Operating
costs
with explanatory
variables
without explanatory
variables
merged
with explanatory
variables
without explanatory
variables
with explanatory
variables
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
2010-2011
62281
0,959
742300
0,329
122531
0,608
344000
0,064
2010-2012
588607
0,588
1141000
0,230
189189
0,383
799300
0,001
and
treat
Dataset 1
(bias<=0.5)
without explanatory
variables
merged
with explanatory
variables
without explanatory
variables
with explanatory
variables
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
2010-2011
-1333984
0,232
-104700
0,882
-197642
0,485
-149900
0,460
2010-2012
-174842
0,873
675700
0,496
-63964
0,818
117000
0,688
revenues
The multiple linear model and Dataset 2 are considered more valid than the respective linear model and
Dataset 1
18
treat
Dataset 2
(bias=0)
without explanatory
variables
merged
with explanatory
variables
without explanatory
variables
with explanatory
variables
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
2010-2011
-893695
0,498
990200
0,269
-228098
0,386
155000
0,481
2010-2012
656164
0,612
2372000
0,054
-116784
0,652
458700
0,145
revenues
and
treat
Dataset 1
(bias<=0.5)
without explanatory
variables
merged
with explanatory
variables
without explanatory
variables
with explanatory
variables
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
2010-2011
-1375174
0,214
319100
0,721
-352597
0,208
-6236
0,981
2010-2012
-555303
0,642
242600
0,831
-215220
0,477
127900000
0,702
expenses
treat
Dataset 2
(bias=0)
without explanatory
variables
merged
with explanatory
variables
without explanatory
variables
with explanatory
variables
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
2010-2011
-814181
0,535
1174000
0,275
-360305
0,169
358900
0,173
2010-2012
350435
0,803
1791000
0,194
-152450
0,587
649200
0,064
expenses
19
which, the estimate of its coefficient is statistically significant at the 10% significance level,
for the multiple model, for Dataset 28, with a positive estimate.
For null hypotheses
following table:
and
treat
Dataset 1
(bias<=0,5)
without explanatory
variables
merged
with explanatory
variables
without explanatory
variables
with explanatory
variables
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
2010-2011
-818798
0,523
-603000
0,581
110440
0,734
-591200
0,057
2010-2012
-1067079
0,279
-716800
0,508
-169474
0,497
-701700
0,023
kap
treat
Dataset 2
(bias=0)
without explanatory
variables
merged
with explanatory
variables
without explanatory
variables
with explanatory
variables
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
2010-2011
-1386307
0,322
-733900
0,522
-101849
0,716
-615400
0,027
2010-2012
-1409523
0,192
-785300
0,491
-331687
0,124
-699500
0,011
kap
and
treat
Dataset 1
(bias<=0.5)
without explanatory
variables
merged
with explanatory
variables
without explanatory
variables
with explanatory
variables
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
2010-2011
-30691
0,225
-16270
0,627
-11783
0,066
-10010
0,294
2010-2012
-252243
0,000
-94780
0,019
-100487
0,000
-40970
0,000
sata
Here, as above, the multiple linear model and Dataset 2 are considered as more valid
The multiple model and Dataset 2 are predominant and the null hypothesis is rejected at the 5% significance
level
9
20
treat
Dataset 2
(bias=0)
without explanatory
variables
merged
with explanatory
variables
without explanatory
variables
with explanatory
variables
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
estimate
p-value
2010-2011
-26931
0,229
23470
0,394
-12542
0,005
122
0,985
2010-2012
-252373
0,000
-76920
0,034
-97392
0,000
-37900
0,000
sata
10
The simple linear model for 2011 will not be examined because the multiple is superior
In gray are the cells where the response variables are not affected by the corresponding explnatory ones
(treat/marged), i.e. where the corresponding p-value>0.1. The "+" represents a positive correlation between the
corresponding variables with p-value between 0.05 and 0.1, and "+++" a positive correlation with p-value<0.05.
Respectively, the "-" and the "---" represent a negative correlation with corresponding p-values, as in the
previous case.
11
21
2011-2010
treat
merged
budget
operational costs
revenues
expenses
kap
---
sata
2012-2010
treat
merged
budget
operational costs
+++
revenues
expenses
kap
---
sata
---
---
22
Dataset 2
(bias=0)
budget
operational costs
revenues
expenses
kap
sata
year
mean value
percentage
change from
2010
2010
-925500
2011
352300
138,07%
2012
424100
145,82%
2010
12940000
2011
15400000
19,01%
2012
14040000
8,50%
2010
19560000
2011
21670000
10,79%
2012
21140000
8,08%
2010
20480000
2011
21320000
4,10%
2012
20720000
1,17%
2010
6676000
2011
9987000
49,60%
2012
7420000
11,14%
2010
1298000
2011
1270000
-2,16%
2012
838300
-33,99%
23
6. Discussion
To draw the appropriate conclusions from the analysis above, we should start our discussion
about the results by making one important distinction; our analysis separates the overall
fiscal consolidation which possibly occured in the financials of municipalities, from the effect
that the mergers of the "Kallikratis" reform had on them. But before we proceed to the
interpretation of our results, we should recall the situational context in which the reform
took place, which is characterized by a heavy central financial crisis, with an extremely
strong impact on the real economy and on all structures of the Greek State.
Observing, therefore, the financial variables of Kallikratis municipalities, regardless of the
form they had before the reform, we conclude that the requested financial recovery was
achieved, since from a negative average budget12 per municipality in 2010, positive figures
for 2011 and 2012 were recorded. The respective increases were of about 138% and 146%
for the years 2011 and 2012, respectively, which also indicates the fiscal improvement as we
move away from 2010. In this sense, it could reasonably be assumed that, since this rapid
change coincides with the administrative reform of "Kallikratis", the positive effect that the
mergers brought about is evident and undeniable. However, with a closer look at the results
of our experimental models, this argument is rebutted.
By focusing on the process of municipality mergers, as such, which according to the
expectations would be the main reason for fiscal consolidation, by reducing operating costs
and hence total costs, contributing to positive change in the budgets, we observe that this
did not occur. More specifically, the amalgamated Kallikratis municipalities present a
relative increase in their operating costs, compared to the unchanged municipalities, which
change is more pronounced for the year 2012. This increase is, in fact, greater as the number
of merged Kapodistrias municipalities forming the new Kallikratis ones increases,
demonstrating that this change is mainly due to the inability to manage in terms of local
government, the larger sizes in regards to magnitude, population and administrative
responsibilities compared to pre "Kallikratis" sizes. This fact is consistent with the analysis of
Sotiropoulos (Sotiropoulos, 2012) on the Greek administrative system, which is
characterized by lack of relevant policy expertise, lack of skilled personnel, lack of computer
systems, the absence of modern management methods and the irrational distribution of
personnel among administrative units, facts leading to inefficient operation of Greek Local
Government.
This increase in operating costs seems to be gradually affecting the total expenses of the
merged "Kallikratis" municipalities, compared to the unchanged ones, from the second year
of implementation of the reform, as they also increased proportionally to the number of
merged "Kapodistrias" municipalities, in 2012. The merged municipalities, however, for the
same year showed a corresponding increase in total revenues compared to the immutable.
This increase, however, of the total revenues of the merged municipalities compared to the
unchanged, just managed to counterbalance their increased operating and total costs, and
12
We consider budget to be the difference between the total revenue of municipalities and their total expenses.
24
as a result, the overall effect of the mergers of the "Kallikratis" reform on the municipal
budgets is virtually absent, both for the first year of implementation, as well as for 2012.
This lack of evidence of real improvement in the budgets of the merged municipalities
compared to the unchanged, apart from the relative increase in operating costs and thus
total costs of the merged municipalities, is also due to the weakness to increase total
revenues at levels such that could outweigh the relative increase in costs, bringing on a
positive change in the final budget. As it follows from the results of our models, this is largely
due to a significant reduction of state subsidies for the amalgamated municipalities over the
unchanged, both in KAP which is the most important in terms of capturing the total revenue,
and in SATA. This reduction, in fact, is more intense for larger number of merged
"Kapodistrias" municipalities. This fact is probably associated with the process of
redistributing government revenue (KAP) in the various municipalities which did not follow
the same trend of mergers with criteria proportionally to the number of "Kapodistrias"
municipalities, the area and population but was accomplished with a redefined formula
which comparatively burdened the merged municipalities. Finally, for the analysis of total
revenue, it is worth noting that based on equation (4.2), the relative increase in total
revenue in merged municipalities for 2012 and the corresponding reduction in KAP
demonstrate increased own revenue of the merged municipalities compared with the
immutable, which indicates that increasing the range of action and responsibilities of the
merged municipal authorities and the leeway that was offered to them by increasing their
administrative powers was exploited by increasing their own revenues, including income
from immovable and movable property, state fees, municipal taxes and levies, surcharges,
deposits, fines and revenue of previous financial years (EETAA, 2010).
Evidently, the above analysis suggests that the merger act of municipalities introduced by
the "Kallikratis" reform does not result in any substantial change in fiscal consolidation, in
comparison with the municipalities where the respective mergers have not been
implemented. The mergers have improved the performance of the "Kallikratis"
municipalities in terms of increasing their own revenues and resources, but at the same time
put a strain on their operating costs. This fact in conjunction with the reduced, for the
merged municipalities, central redistribution of state subsidies has not permitted the
positive change in the budgets of the merged municipalities over the unchanged.
Nevertheless, as mentioned at the beginning of the section, in terms of average values of
municipal budgets, the years 2011 and 2012 showed a significant financial improvement,
which, as demonstrated above, is not attributed to the measure of municipalities mergers.
Thus, it will be explained in following analysis, beyond the characteristic of "Kallikratis"
municipalities as merged or unchanged. For the best possible explanation of the positive
change in the difference between revenues and expenditures in Greek municipalities for the
years 2011 and 2012 compared to 2010, the distinct changes in revenues and expenses will
be analyzed and interpreted separately.
Thus, we observe that the total expenses of municipalities, especially for 2012 remained
virtually unchanged, with operating costs, however, showing an increase of 19% for 2011
and 8.5% for 2012, compared to 2010. As demonstrated above, this increase is mainly due to
the respective increase in operating costs of merged municipalities and it is attributed to the
25
27
7. Conclusion
From the preceding analysis, it was found that the merger act of the "Kallikratis" reform for
Greek municipalities did not provide immediate results on fiscal consolidation for the
merged municipalities over the unchanged ones. Thus, the improvement of economic
variables of municipalities which was observed for the years 2011 and 2012, correspond
more to a policy of intensive tax driven measures implemented at a centralized political and
economic level and less to the restructuring of local government, the structures, governing
bodies and their staff, which would have contributed to the reduction of operating expenses
of Greek local government and hence their total costs, with positive effects on the budgets
of municipalities.
At the same time, it confirms the broader context of political direction adopted by the
European Union's mechanisms for the overall handling of the crisis. The accusations for
persistence in policies that promote austerity measures regarding social benefits, as well as
the lack of a development policy is obvious in the case of the reform of the local
government. The concerns that have been expressed during the introduction of the
"Kallikratis" reform on the questionable results, in the case the reform and its provisions
were not accompanied by a sustained financial support in terms of new development
initiatives of local government in order to contribute to the country's exit from the crisis,
seem to be reasonable.
In addition, contributions of a contradictory nature emerged on the maintenance of rigid
labour relations in the Greek public sector, in comparison with the expectations for
expanding the powers of local government. It appears that the failure to reduce operating
costs, especially at the level associated with staff salaries, cannot be addressed by local
government alone, since these labour relations are subject to national institutional
framework, and the success of any reform also depends on the adoption of equivalent
measures regarding the labour relations in the public sector. Thus, the only effective way for
local authorities to manage labour cost reductions (beyond the central cuts described in
section 3, which stood at government level) is by reducing the number of recruited against
retired personnel, which, however, given the lack of assessment institutions concerning the
staff and the local government structures, leads to understaffing in municipal services with
negative repercussions in the social services provision and the degradation of local
authorities.
This work fills the gap for the lack of empirical evidence on the effect of the mergers of
Greek local authorities introduced by the "Kallikratis" reform, by proceeding from quoted
estimates and assessments for the financial contribution of the measure to tangible
conclusions on its advantages and weaknesses. The effort for the correlation of fiscal
consolidation of regional and local government with the respective on a national economy
level remains appealing, while at the same time an open field remains for the specific
investigation on the efficiency of budgetary flanking measures introduced by "Kallikratis"
relating to measures for transparency and combating corruption at a local government level.
28
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30
9. Appendix
1. Data (Non-economic data)
Municipality
bias
merged
treat
area
population
perc_of_seats
pasok
nd
left
incumbent
mountain
capital
island
creta
Acharnon
108,00
80121
0,59
Agathonisiou
14,42
158
1,00
Agias
663,90
14121
0,59
Agias Paraskevis
8,38
56836
0,61
Agias Varvaras
2,17
30562
0,61
Agion Anargyron
9,53
55191
0,61
Agiou Dimitriou
4,98
65173
0,59
Agiou Efstratiou
42,10
371
1,00
Agiou Nikolaou
0,5
511,86
26227
0,59
Agiou Vasileiou
358,59
10079
0,59
Agistriou
0,5
13,54
920
0,85
Agrafon
921,13
13604
0,59
Agriniou
10
1232,19
96321
0,60
Aigaleo
6,42
74046
0,61
Aigialeias
725,14
57993
0,61
Aiginas
88,83
13552
0,59
Aktiou-Vonitsas
659,37
18374
0,59
Alexandreias
481,57
43209
0,61
Alexandroupolis
1215,46
65894
0,61
Aliartou-Thespieon
258,78
12300
0,59
Alimou
5,98
38047
0,61
Almopias
988,46
29354
0,59
Almyrou
0,5
908,39
21169
0,59
Alonnisou
129,81
2700
0,59
Amariou
278,85
6215
0,62
Amarousiou
13,44
69470
0,61
Amfikleias-Elateias
533,85
14395
0,59
Amfilochias
1090,89
21445
0,59
Amfipolis
411,57
12940
0,59
Amorgou
128,97
1859
0,62
Ampelokipon-Menemenis
10,25
55869
0,61
1,5
590,18
18975
0,59
Anafis
40,62
273
0,69
Anatolikis Manis
620,53
17157
0,59
Andravidas-Kyllinis
356,64
26333
0,59
Andritsainas-Krestenon
420,93
21912
0,59
Androu
381,40
10009
0,59
Anogeion
102,11
2507
0,59
Antiparou
45,36
1037
0,62
Apokoronou
315,29
12703
0,59
Archaias Olympias
543,42
19875
0,59
Archanon-Asterousion
339,05
18022
0,59
Argitheas
373,49
6084
0,62
Argous Orestikou
342,55
13375
0,67
Argous-Mykinon
1000,95
48188
0,61
Aristoteli
748,24
18861
0,59
Arrianon
773,15
18178
0,59
Artaion
401,59
41814
0,61
Aspropyrgou
104,83
27741
0,70
Astypalaias
113,37
1238
0,62
Athinaion
38,98
745514
0,59
Avdiron
352,26
18573
0,67
Chaidariou
23,15
46276
0,61
Chalandriou
10,26
71684
0,61
Chalkideon
424,96
92202
0,61
Chalkidonos
390,30
35145
0,61
Chalkis
36,95
313
0,62
Chanion
350,96
97364
0,60
Chersonisou
271,59
25003
0,67
Chiou
844,67
51936
0,61
Dafnis-Ymittou
2,43
34813
0,61
Delfon
1123,25
32263
0,61
Delta
307,89
40541
0,61
Deskatis
433,31
7383
0,62
Amyntaiou
31
Didymoteichou
565,73
23484
0,59
2,5
109,06
32986
0,61
Diou-Olympou
494,44
27637
0,59
Dirfyon-Messapion
773,58
21064
0,59
0,5
294,31
11532
0,59
Dodonis
659,80
13939
0,59
Domokou
708,90
14793
0,59
Doridos
1000,84
16021
0,59
Doxatou
242,92
17481
0,59
Dramas
839,85
56062
0,61
Dytikis Achaias
572,55
31275
0,64
Dytikis Manis
402,46
8647
0,62
Edessas
611,00
29799
0,59
Elafonisou
19,90
745
0,62
Elassonas
1568,43
37264
0,61
Elefsinas
35,02
29868
0,59
Ellinikou-Argyroupolis
15,65
49898
0,61
Emmanouil Pappa
337,15
19844
0,59
Eordaias
709,05
46540
0,61
Epidavrou
341,25
9275
0,62
Eretrias
169,89
13325
0,59
Ermionidas
422,63
14901
0,59
Erymanthou
585,20
13162
0,59
Evrota
865,57
19803
0,59
Faistou
409,74
24228
0,59
Farkadonas
368,76
15881
0,59
Farsalon
740,23
23531
0,59
Filadelfeias-Chalkidonos
3,57
34224
0,61
Filiaton
587,56
10448
0,59
Filotheis-Psychikou
6,02
29059
0,59
Florinas
822,68
33282
0,61
Folegandrou
32,48
667
0,62
Fournon Korseon
45,88
1469
0,69
Fylis
104,65
38230
0,61
Galatsiou
4,18
58042
0,61
0,5
34,50
98
1,00
Georgiou Karaiskaki
464,66
9016
#DIV/0!
Glyfadas
25,59
80409
0,61
Gortynas
465,14
18264
0,59
Gortynias
1051,73
18327
0,61
Grevenon
1,5
13
1862,40
30564
0,61
Iasmou
487,20
14890
0,59
Ierapetras
554,84
27911
0,78
638,00
35431
0,61
Igoumenitsas
430,45
24692
0,59
Iiton
108,62
1838
0,62
Ikarias
254,69
8312
0,62
Ilidas
400,96
37750
0,61
Iliou
8,10
80859
0,61
Ilioupoleos
12,87
75904
0,61
Ioanniton
403,04
97657
0,61
Irakleias
453,07
23317
0,59
Irakleiou Attikis
4,68
45926
0,61
Irakleiou Kritis
244,55
159046
0,71
425,61
34441
0,61
2,5
508,63
22722
0,59
Ithakis
116,99
3084
0,59
Kaisarianis
7,78
26419
0,59
Kalamarias
6,52
87255
0,61
Kalamatas
441,55
67127
0,61
Kalampakas
1658,75
27555
0,61
Kalavryton
1058,30
17602
0,59
Kallitheas
4,71
109609
0,60
Kalymnion
134,28
16441
0,59
Karantanou-Selinou
374,79
7334
0,62
Karditsas
650,66
55968
0,61
Karpathou
0,5
323,83
6511
0,62
Karpenisiou
948,58
18449
0,59
Karystou
675,33
14645
0,59
Kasou
70,18
990
0,69
Kassandras
336,07
16153
0,59
Kastorias
763,89
36566
0,61
Katerinhs
684,03
83764
0,61
Dionysou
Distomou-Arachovas
Gavdou
Istiaias-Aidipsou
32
Kato Nevrokopiou
872,39
8026
0,62
Kavalas
356,41
74120
0,61
Keas
148,78
2417
0,65
5,5
787,75
36404
0,61
Kentrikon Tzoumerkon
510,40
12069
0,59
Keratsiniou-Drapetsonas
9,58
89046
0,61
2,5
15
609,86
109537
0,59
Kifisias
35,47
64558
0,61
Kileler
976,33
23213
0,59
Kilkis
1599,79
56336
0,61
Kimolou
0,5
55,82
769
0,62
Kissamou
341,93
11820
0,59
Ko
288,13
30947
0,61
Komotinis
646,62
60574
0,61
0,5
953,58
9294
0,62
Kordeliou-Evosmou
13,36
74254
0,61
Korinthion
612,67
60226
0,61
Korydallou
4,43
67456
0,61
Kozanis
1072,84
68680
0,61
Kropias
114,29
25325
0,67
Kymis-Aliveriou
804,40
33527
0,61
Kythiron
298,74
3398
0,59
Kythnou
99,92
1608
0,62
Lagkada
1221,89
42574
0,61
Lamieon
947,84
73574
0,61
Larisaion
336,44
139403
0,60
0,5
175,44
24545
0,59
Lefkadas
331,82
21414
0,61
Leipson
17,12
698
0,62
Lerou
75,22
8207
0,62
Lesvou
13
1639,11
90643
0,60
Levedeon
690,03
33152
0,61
Limnis Plastira
197,22
7392
0,62
Limnou
478,55
18104
0,59
Lokron
613,60
24611
0,59
Loutrakiou
296,40
22480
0,59
Lykovrysis-Pefkis
4,11
28003
0,59
Malevizou
292,07
21131
0,59
Mandras-Eidyllias
427,01
20098
0,59
0,5
837,45
21570
0,59
Mantoulidou-Limnis
586,54
15049
0,59
Marathonos
226,81
26899
0,59
Markopoulou-Mesogaias
82,03
15608
0,59
Maroneias-Sapon
643,99
17186
0,59
Megalopolis
722,90
13152
0,59
Meganisiou
23,07
1092
0,62
Megareon
330,86
35675
0,61
Megistis
11,71
430
0,69
Messinis
4,5
562,92
28754
0,61
Metamorfoseos
5,34
26448
0,59
Metsovou
363,33
7835
0,62
Milou
167,63
4771
0,59
Minoa Pediadas
398,51
20332
0,59
Molou-Agiou Konstantinou
339,01
15142
0,59
Monemvasias
952,21
23853
0,59
Moschatou-Tavrou
4,96
38116
0,61
Mouzakiou
313,28
17910
0,59
Mykis
632,07
15724
0,59
Mykonou
105,79
9320
0,62
Mylopotamou
360,59
16577
0,59
Nafpaktias
876,91
29842
0,59
Nafplieon
391,28
33406
0,61
498,34
19074
0,59
Neapolis-Sykeon
12,50
86417
0,61
Neas Ionias
4,40
66017
0,59
Neas Propontidas
372,42
33801
0,61
Neas Smyrnis
3,50
73986
0,61
Neas Zichnis
403,75
15073
0,59
Nemeas
205,17
7774
0,62
Nestoriou
620,17
3542
0,71
Nestou
681,74
23486
0,59
11,20
108146
0,60
0,5
231,57
15235
0,59
Kefalonias
Kerkyras
Konitsas
Lavreotikis
Manrakomis
Nikolaou Skoufa
33
Nisyrou
49,81
948
0,62
Notias Kynourias
1,5
594,46
9001
0,62
Notiou Piliou
3,5
369,50
11563
0,59
Oichalias
416,80
14987
0,59
Oinnousson
17,80
1050
0,62
Oraiokastrou
218,31
25231
0,59
Orchomenou
418,33
13962
0,59
Orestiadas
957,30
39485
0,61
Oropediou Lasithiou
129,81
3152
0,59
Oropou
0,5
339,63
33448
0,59
Paggaiou
698,43
33683
0,61
Paianias
51,92
19636
0,59
Paionias
0,5
924,95
32720
0,61
Palaiou Falirou
4,79
64759
0,61
Palama
382,32
19144
0,59
Pallinis
33,48
33624
0,61
Papagou-Cholargou
7,15
45373
0,61
Paranestiou
1028,40
5925
0,62
Pargas
275,23
12944
0,59
Parou
198,43
12853
0,59
Patmou
45,03
3044
0,65
Patreon
333,74
202757
0,59
Pavlou Mela
24,15
84397
0,61
Paxon
30,10
2438
0,59
Peiraios
11,19
175697
0,59
Pellas
667,35
65497
0,61
Pentelis
31,06
30511
0,61
Peramatos
14,89
25720
0,59
Peristeriou
10,82
137918
0,60
Petroupoleos
7,54
48327
0,61
Pineiou
160,91
20232
0,59
Platania
492,34
18622
0,59
Pogoniou
702,00
11092
0,59
Polygyrou
946,96
23152
0,59
Porou
49,11
4348
0,65
Prespon
518,69
2511
0,59
Prevezas
378,87
29918
0,59
Prosotsanis
481,14
16481
0,59
Psaron
44,76
422
0,62
Pydnas-Kolindrou
345,99
18445
0,59
Pylaias-Chortiati
156,30
50162
0,61
Pylis
750,80
20019
0,61
Pylou-Nestoros
555,05
23780
0,59
Pyrgou
459,18
51777
0,61
0,5
38,30
14840
0,59
393,92
46558
0,73
0,5
550,26
12096
0,59
Rodou
10
1407,96
117007
0,59
Salaminas
96,32
38022
0,61
Samothrakis
180,51
2723
0,59
Samou
480,05
33814
0,61
2,5
135,73
26320
0,59
Serifou
76,17
1414
0,62
Serron
1,5
600,42
75233
0,61
Servion-Velventou
0,5
727,19
17657
0,59
Sfakion
467,13
2446
0,59
Sifnou
78,33
2442
0,59
Sikinou
43,27
238
0,62
Sikyonion
602,14
24666
0,59
Sintikis
1100,16
28382
0,59
Siteias
630,98
19029
0,59
Sithonias
519,15
12927
0,59
Skiathou
49,45
6160
0,62
Skopelou
95,95
4696
0,59
Skydras
240,28
21147
0,59
Skydrou
220,45
2602
0,59
Sofadon
720,50
23043
0,59
Soufliou
1327,14
17768
0,59
Souliou
502,18
10951
0,59
Spartis
1180,69
38079
0,61
Spaton-Artemidos
73,59
27594
0,59
Spetson
25,46
3916
0,59
Stylidas
461,81
14686
0,59
Rafinas-Pikermiou
Rethymnis
Riga Feraiou
Saronikou
34
Symis
65,30
2606
1,00
Syrou-Ermoupolis
102,37
19782
0,59
Tanagras
462,52
22615
0,59
Tempon
576,35
16466
0,59
Thasou
385,07
13765
0,59
Thermaikou
133,81
38349
0,61
Thermis
382,91
36276
0,67
Thermou
334,56
9299
0,62
Thessalonikis
19,68
375276
0,59
Thiras
90,49
13670
0,67
Thivaion
830,34
37524
0,61
Tilou
63,36
533
0,62
Tinou
196,99
8574
0,62
Topeirou
309,72
12199
0,59
Trifylias
617,61
33581
0,61
Trikkaion
609,44
74592
0,60
Tripolis
1474,22
48730
0,61
Troizinias-Methanon
241,12
8564
0,67
Tyrnavou
525,49
25307
0,59
Varis-Voulas-Vouliagmenis
29,08
42972
0,61
Velou-Vochas
165,51
18323
0,59
Veroias
795,29
65968
0,61
Viannou
222,37
6463
0,62
Visaltias
657,56
26127
0,59
Voiou
1007,72
22447
0,59
Volou
0,5
385,41
141675
0,59
Volvis
783,12
26079
0,59
Voreias Kynourias
577,08
12825
0,59
Voreion Tzoumerkon
357,70
7097
0,59
Vrilission
3,54
25582
0,59
Vyronos
9,65
61102
0,61
Xanthis
501,56
55360
0,61
Xiromerou
590,74
13717
0,59
Xylokastrou-Evrostinis
413,53
21155
0,59
Ydras
65,55
2719
0,59
Zacharos
276,74
15409
0,59
Zagoras-Mouresiou
150,68
6936
0,62
0,5
992,55
6032
0,62
407,31
39015
0,61
Zirou
0,5
382,74
16494
0,59
Zitsas
568,21
17293
0,59
Zografou
8,60
76115
0,61
Zagoriou
Zakynthou
rev_2010
operational_2010
exp_2010
sata_2010
kap_2010
rev_2011
operational_2011
exp_2011
sata_2011
kap_2011
13478576
Acharnon
65109745
26734490
60876752
1843315
14346347
49990212
34153236
50503763
1657656
Agathonisiou
373317
122110
400734
40238
247526
448238
221536
283679
40360
297345
Agias
7393428
3335767
7007797
644401
2729783
6805097
4827082
6487170
617123
3056276
Agias Paraskevis
32733559
22380166
32383574
816866
470979
57337462
50470856
57580608
825155
39534111
Agias Varvaras
11208218
8450818
11597914
800242
867455
11429096
7731719
11644836
786801
5337672
Agion Anargyron
28511384
20602049
29659360
1727943
4597176
25551925
18573532
26487401
1496963
11128662
11368517
Agiou Dimitriou
28525120
18467513
28531691
1068911
1214860
27329857
18081479
25310314
1098652
Agiou Efstratiou
703423
151196
590140
66476
394756
528541
240917
482822
64981
422762
Agiou Nikolaou
15735249
10063799
16526274
1288879
5591528
20840158
14555874
20090826
1289564
9088291
Agiou Vasileiou
6092499
3075900
5867962
675263
1667185
4467909
2688561
4391833
696117
1691777
Agistriou
1038347
1955994
48297
464723
1338607
1067230
1400670
46887
439975
Agrafon
6117136
1326291
1514897
1632441
2404993
5713565
2962678
3392826
1558041
2816808
Agriniou
48566378
27571612
50318315
3931551
20615117
45681715
33012111
45860265
3818776
29312516
Aigaleo
41661034
30588930
41848905
1709428
13062174
82313673
70332329
80446346
1705234
59082729
Aigialeias
28029000
19261048
32000944
2268088
11559244
28599198
21020564
30079214
2213181
12535643
Aiginas
325425
2369397
10825661
7958105
10928240
375557
2552096
Aktiou-Vonitsas
8479409
4101143
9983391
902208
4186199
9914201
3883087
9008089
881105
4477154
Alexandreias
19148653
11784991
20696086
1414231
8369325
16989578
10566863
15914358
1399017
9155900
Alexandroupolis
41865040
23140654
42751622
4187733
12120076
47868972
35093668
46543641
4080665
28748068
Aliartou-Thespieon
5184918
2629011
5927884
488896
2188827
4221258
2420713
3839333
475911
2332895
Alimou
21992760
16464122
21997307
682138
7278240
20933541
15440679
21251560
692566
7755136
35
Almopias
13975824
8905563
14706269
1339719
6417392
12357422
8851114
12365409
1312721
6974655
Almyrou
11317544
6158947
11179944
918389
3691028
8534643
5926408
8387064
897674
4136391
Alonnisou
2485061
1316391
2726412
150521
1189129
3152593
1192450
2218448
143824
1208690
Amariou
2853358
1256025
3423503
500541
1348781
2557976
1154953
2460313
480973
1470502
Amarousiou
66637410
29698630
67058464
948427
11198768
62117296
31539574
60319497
967586
12010864
Amfikleias-Elateias
6237430
4069834
7871144
701603
3165866
6776582
3143273
5197507
682911
3356013
Amfilochias
10137187
5806432
12136892
1205647
4428095
11517272
7797076
11577769
1170085
6723781
Amfipolis
7584574
4227393
7678661
602454
3130918
5996504
3316985
5060608
584272
3333288
Amorgou
2408812
1099144
2778049
209124
791305
3347470
951073
1754368
209960
817223
Ampelokipon-Menemenis
27147069
18784629
27968832
1116133
9297202
22779516
15587474
22611697
1137110
9855246
Amyntaiou
8255620
4549435
9547267
1168663
4553905
11438798
6135839
10465554
1206788
5215337
Anafis
497500
185966
303656
40811
367549
486638
281668
456645
41517
396367
Anatolikis Manis
9226869
5869056
12399737
1303286
4574747
7793535
4690635
9309836
1252377
4951757
Andravidas-Kyllinis
5963870
4985439
9891261
1026207
4342987
8994793
5572330
8589822
998779
4585920
Andritsainas-Krestenon
3343295
2529341
5615902
952939
3756953
7900620
4270111
6946063
916474
4055914
Androu
3725212
398959
1251483
1088371
1946337
7179674
3303751
6162541
1047180
2168541
Anogeion
2596436
1493831
2765242
202533
938928
3006424
1252512
3039149
196410
1037793
Antiparou
351728
235714
513501
97966
429387
1396710
841595
1324871
96487
452088
Apokoronou
8867386
4977127
9963553
726360
2751148
6504562
3863564
6079835
711442
2984940
Archaias Olympias
5685803
2883362
6695120
929274
3330749
5692664
2833165
4802872
894539
3489516
Archanon-Asterousion
12895752
8665018
13998969
794387
4508224
11861795
7308681
11798738
778602
4781304
Argitheas
2454181
1095866
2315577
457175
2229088
2138967
967246
1478917
436383
1294249
Argous Orestikou
6384684
4722554
6991419
841791
3132368
5600041
4208077
5546728
815748
3405766
Argous-Mykinon
21762646
14002114
24091108
2176295
8839685
20051038
12547100
17628909
2133411
9614759
Aristoteli
11029468
7321508
11447087
978079
3410517
11466756
6937095
11073133
951675
4930522
Arrianon
8287302
4074658
8959814
1327069
2674958
6447099
3144649
5886574
1276591
2845448
Artaion
5905225
4793574
9322501
1867438
9935805
27189192
15579730
26397575
1993576
14990336
Aspropyrgou
41111185
32055556
41651994
1110444
4801409
34784192
26925540
34891605
789674
5222813
Astypalaias
2436763
900230
2358858
141502
793607
2090853
710621
1115656
138175
1150481
Athinaion
474549837
380088312
521423845
9023423
125355564
517759280
400448348
514162394
9052582
198905229
3850835
Avdiron
10163680
5775190
11410367
1310773
3704412
7453864
5227725
7745607
1265715
Chaidariou
28940639
19545445
29197786
1094763
8475105
22572971
16328534
22520116
1096478
9111389
Chalandriou
37649151
27473174
37749626
954061
11835222
34434747
26208146
34684515
988692
12892556
Chalkideon
45646906
30696887
52041771
3087709
15297089
57887224
44450692
57049917
3065278
31065418
Chalkidonos
13169912
8135742
12448715
828239
5840721
12647468
8065889
11341735
833001
6432187
Chalkis
1196435
747552
1254464
60966
498990
894172
630468
728437
60796
578847
Chanion
61469100
38423526
63441166
3450248
17009937
64054625
47057171
67698094
3426594
29388669
Chersonisou
17349579
10950773
19775419
933068
4817884
14587449
10046280
16058842
926147
5152255
Chiou
23055310
16793112
28434446
4168271
13698429
32882385
23946766
32400872
4022606
18518065
Dafnis-Ymittou
17943261
13293718
18023285
811277
7087048
17500035
13081974
17685930
812757
7823554
Delfon
22619748
13533572
24640538
2239041
7713822
19025896
12756633
17850941
2015962
9074267
Delta
30924841
19522523
29107517
992760
8007636
25228408
14864105
21745770
1000262
8520023
Deskatis
5098383
2245961
5471223
639704
1696282
3434324
2286631
3473655
624082
2033005
Didymoteichou
14173408
8345506
15248721
1670988
4502635
9806855
6803384
9788846
1607014
4954789
Dionysou
15711503
11527482
16084861
765222
5106213
25467974
15978921
23773028
766275
5197159
Diou-Olympou
13403264
8370452
14258403
1001098
3619401
12902472
9423177
13430773
976613
4864972
Dirfyon-Messapion
12432538
5679804
13981577
1094978
3361425
9242425
5222830
8873133
1054557
3605728
Distomou-Arachovas
3403864
2545169
4216529
509704
1999617
4137063
2555639
3775600
496788
2225840
Dodonis
7377743
4231620
8546464
1007583
12563847
6489009
3691811
5928959
967384
3236918
Domokou
6797923
4139394
8284057
797358
2854187
6278455
3228023
5393282
766098
3091041
Doridos
8701464
5293703
10672052
1329330
3315809
8105558
4288638
7490661
1272842
3542210
Doxatou
8738919
5717354
9717873
1337062
3541187
8304159
4580817
7872385
1289424
3838908
Dramas
25146983
16196415
25782796
3960215
10422625
31352402
24243585
30072412
3853050
20749311
Dytikis Achaias
9550133
6034260
11890886
1189565
4893899
12273053
7301167
12332886
952133
5316050
Dytikis Manis
3752713
1452754
4044987
513397
1760383
4079464
2146264
4164306
495968
1992029
Edessas
14789322
10254189
13361100
1084511
6600154
22969452
19277409
22838618
1070012
16484671
Elafonisou
841757
324398
839215
53154
366348
79245
98312
131844
51227
362241
Elassonas
14990641
8752551
15996727
2814214
7302260
13841253
7800843
12744757
2811892
8755582
Elefsinas
27432864
19541183
31365721
857044
5542524
43035527
36946365
42343989
857097
24891283
Ellinikou-Argyroupolis
27026770
20962982
28437785
948113
9865909
26446059
20340471
25832500
968381
10730325
Emmanouil Pappa
5098928
3427302
5315039
582975
3457618
7170706
5077596
7027205
649732
3635664
Eordaias
28064512
18787674
29829269
1868665
10774129
23359882
16712737
23266959
1847027
10408354
Epidavrou
3606319
2319724
4751384
503610
1548981
3063108
1871825
2705762
482913
1665924
Eretrias
1849051
1727444
2799761
510717
2213925
5176161
3864048
5341747
498368
2387708
Ermionidas
6801567
4835654
9462355
584170
2389313
5522336
3804547
5461899
569801
2600223
Erymanthou
5134877
2744306
5606377
673332
2401708
4325838
2612225
4165035
756753
2542909
Evrota
9068422
3703138
10152467
1261735
5026589
9513346
6385198
10474029
1217299
5454013
Faistou
12163911
5836569
13080165
1030476
4675775
8327687
5244589
8559077
1009735
5046588
Farkadonas
9058136
5928393
9745755
844619
3915716
5097870
3651454
4724886
717358
3486108
Farsalon
6686946
4286872
7598778
816798
4101943
8543375
5766356
8116775
806763
4484868
Filadelfeias-Chalkidonos
22075345
18226597
22952333
757859
6388692
17963415
15392187
17812811
783677
6850110
Filiaton
7108514
4383864
6867635
1198023
3105984
5193044
3534115
4620052
1146093
3306072
Filotheis-Psychikou
26454619
19451026
27048574
676071
5954016
23857472
14722778
20337993
525589
6133325
36
Florinas
20339562
12880127
22727839
2074555
8621314
19111379
13842198
16711165
2023264
13356020
Folegandrou
1001013
498755
1054598
74571
368218
518158
322495
451604
73287
377347
Fournon Korseon
244236
741452
234613
799926
Fylis
71280686
45916129
71499051
3836163
7108096
60070027
39774439
54766516
1247142
7032356
Galatsiou
25067482
18852546
26042151
934070
10017493
22510920
17191623
22076826
942641
10750444
Gavdou
47238
279899
249779
50040
50040
45918
277124
Georgiou Karaiskaki
2856778
1541724
3073796
572147
1450413
3278839
1587204
2697796
554072
1809081
Glyfadas
41621927
26901344
39643814
1181955
12319415
38941517
24688553
36824929
1191518
12562604
Gortynas
16613233
5515941
11254198
882769
7754763
9286392
5936470
9309263
861569
3994414
Gortynias
12010253
2384264
6423851
1373415
4231953
8009584
3243830
6391004
1312836
4489636
Grevenon
17723338
9501892
18273986
2764076
7953433
18045323
11818471
17002826
2664329
10128687
2547912
Iasmou
7558876
3877008
8825387
1023663
2275627
5371163
3288002
5043782
985740
Ierapetras
15596102
9909389
16758428
1433977
5002068
15431094
10788889
16248732
1415419
5227915
14483440
9526007
16298147
1372008
6835099
20997295
15803117
20339611
1351952
12737005
Igoumenitsas
15412887
11120494
15638752
1638676
7497443
17438643
15019893
17079119
1597497
11834864
Iiton
2774825
1657752
2864929
186352
873496
2804048
1340928
2744474
202448
911942
Ikarias
933268
1077122
2614060
1420840
1719095
4523958
2299814
3315146
1364452
2108993
Ilidas
20208380
9096278
21207123
1354930
6595217
19955975
10662445
21364132
1325449
6986091
Iliou
33534984
24479864
34539400
1931335
13981247
32200710
23569309
30650038
1843285
14832265
Ilioupoleos
32296030
10568073
20994478
1165276
13335880
31297641
22742904
29152249
1181871
14141910
Ioanniton
73562947
35844153
62418347
4157027
18931399
70529437
48093415
72593675
4094791
30380398
Irakleias
10492901
6767834
11125486
922662
2287425
8532987
5465890
8063005
822013
4613090
Irakleiou Attikis
25433222
19562614
26285120
738619
8472152
25408719
18998774
25108505
778823
8717697
Irakleiou Kritis
50079823
21120218
37780546
4288377
26693669
91431952
63351842
95500164
4325148
46478871
16683426
9829303
17570954
1222312
7125198
16113613
9793436
15012069
1200870
7474742
Istiaias-Aidipsou
6524784
4670269
7226118
1051614
3927588
11518955
8669046
12497176
1025016
4243870
Ithakis
572746
1722128
3291721
2990333
3481986
546823
1748802
Kaisarianis
14271159
10667744
14388226
536355
4827102
13485309
9399841
13503799
542236
5042346
Kalamarias
41804777
29907261
40956489
1575829
14230854
38542899
28306941
39847106
1589554
14888454
Kalamatas
38290618
23300375
38794091
2433575
12764724
46078796
32740179
44942181
2411346
24812460
Kalampakas
17674701
10216658
16216070
1715724
6849794
12342771
8889708
11935574
1665070
7319851
Kalavryton
10245808
5251508
11600587
1191868
3864898
8066481
4078072
8058339
1179888
4064226
Kallitheas
45883730
38963913
47793231
1963698
1425221
78704100
69609006
75061356
1963126
54899309
5720781
Kalymnion
12314790
8262668
12546108
1312038
4420137
11512195
7335784
10943528
1273556
Karantanou-Selinou
2456264
1280806
3076439
455184
1828053
3312417
2014374
3322476
439923
1754766
Karditsas
28918065
22538304
31112408
2352406
12242338
40712381
31504291
40040063
2325205
24727433
Karpathou
5978996
3508712
7664063
726427
1884848
5053128
3027061
4701414
697196
2216221
Karpenisiou
5942050
3038764
7452600
2356278
4843001
13536647
8268395
14334918
2172053
6291837
Karystou
8604479
5129140
9026278
767521
2524389
8067664
1375689
4103517
741638
2815002
Kasou
1414033
634099
1515199
128908
707948
1128808
309158
389158
126119
951554
Kassandras
25111679
16522104
27367637
733855
2483823
20031316
12041527
19774928
662240
2794266
Kastorias
19616933
14069082
20551306
2270117
15316244
20236886
17644570
20199235
2207789
13349727
Katerinhs
47354480
26357679
47835248
2852002
15851107
49360132
37158648
48931703
2632627
27436879
Kato Nevrokopiou
5288943
3353427
5826696
852691
2065353
4758335
3169279
4607858
822567
2210055
Kavalas
29853182
24430939
31375937
4145548
15039799
41425640
33569940
40392666
4034378
25053250
Keas
3803482
1724429
4622288
360081
1087998
2200008
1170277
1746490
347205
1138570
Kefalonias
6990489
4963806
7691320
3137558
7522583
29973687
18143890
26875496
3029061
10441393
Kentrikon Tzoumerkon
4295946
2239523
5999336
777694
2090959
4373950
1585838
3204436
746712
2196727
Keratsiniou-Drapetsonas
2265341
14870086
37868211
28367663
37859468
2014847
14603961
Kerkyras
58016621
36284025
57960366
5311074
20834182
63664074
45833285
62763603
5185002
29464839
Kifisias
65008176
40743174
64608168
1018350
10361636
54603956
35653752
54986107
1001994
11258569
Kileler
47126472
37239787
48469615
2596023
4295024
10674596
7478314
10470023
887152
4502157
Kilkis
27304353
17145505
28838004
2589388
11175242
29167961
22009599
27497784
2531389
17687233
Kimolou
85834
417222
595389
71146
221277
83867
431767
Kissamou
7307335
4119410
7670340
645509
2516190
5472506
3608930
5539537
631608
2647771
Ko
34812314
23502414
40152917
2260672
5297535
29945159
18688746
28925791
2197502
7850272
Komotinis
28983835
20221682
32059017
3637611
12483886
39875608
28958888
38572661
3537096
25177435
Konitsas
4684877
3091109
4485786
885881
4006417
6137285
3294737
6185303
856598
2852012
Kordeliou-Evosmou
36584335
26791962
38387766
1394637
12375190
32744077
23401103
32914854
1465539
13517308
Korinthion
30958042
19659936
38752260
1937604
10321141
37383582
25549564
38772894
1915004
20018373
Korydallou
26058860
23696580
28448113
1423086
10181701
21457999
19992997
24241282
1417859
11090966
Kozanis
43219282
28534403
43640682
2803096
14590248
41204448
34281353
39102695
2760530
23595547
Kropias
19148499
11728509
19920257
480145
3832532
21679141
13096194
21603549
484248
3965169
Kymis-Aliveriou
15524488
9781235
18480147
1465410
5466722
12329632
7562568
12199434
1492046
6007672
Kythiron
5164748
2051704
5521629
501144
1768184
3336912
1729351
2818734
494303
1815645
Kythnou
2354750
987960
3005431
172790
835496
1968525
999296
1520649
167711
839094
Lagkada
27612828
14795566
33762764
2396237
6942180
17899965
11244578
15188292
2136056
7661234
Lamieon
37345188
20423663
37316074
2637311
12853104
40923936
27505404
38688247
2598131
21765802
Larisaion
75398040
54790043
76931877
3957178
25176110
84565046
61987745
84427873
3694242
40023750
Lavreotikis
22901214
12508287
23111755
594113
4984494
18742121
11460689
18649083
594512
4497110
Lefkadas
9615782
7087259
14711960
2401938
5576124
24242632
10229132
24535001
2327929
7644172
Leipson
1388506
963074
1574618
70167
684115
1346202
390005
845995
69584
808770
Lerou
6808052
4074479
7147948
635987
2563483
5324223
3728055
5172389
616188
3348810
37
Lesvou
57848890
27591263
61447680
5008139
28113760
50305200
32374803
43240546
4956193
29636326
Levedeon
20604284
11852762
20699115
1307214
6808407
26040740
20418090
25430066
1279542
16271136
Limnis Plastira
3216833
1391091
3842838
422439
1193716
2425944
1253196
2482200
402329
1268414
Limnou
13683319
6992237
15218716
1852158
4374289
9994723
5507310
8868185
1784371
3586206
Lokron
7790804
5495350
7797834
963797
2881678
11417663
7802458
10497827
937100
4447119
Loutrakiou
21881060
14032786
26824487
737768
3688091
17450637
10648954
18735607
725072
3858688
Lykovrysis-Pefkis
16219979
11326270
17656745
532746
4702589
14607418
9889518
14997980
532486
4972777
Malevizou
13474038
7521180
16016521
976331
4723172
10173027
7936666
10016818
848141
4941417
Mandras-Eidyllias
15491945
10742697
18673321
860241
3545970
15017253
9615528
14184954
839154
3728849
Manrakomis
8105975
4524013
8946273
1181438
3613656
7355357
4566828
6911093
1139038
3796574
Mantoulidou-Limnis
7825089
4948348
8348738
787164
2895322
6277402
4454870
6091158
757295
3204903
Marathonos
20244266
14278712
19825735
721185
4675314
21466636
13901124
20628571
715324
5049486
Markopoulou-Mesogaias
14179975
9669183
14740605
299624
2476777
15379998
9858515
14745434
295422
2930774
Maroneias-Sapon
4861416
2894697
5957317
1249559
2946420
8233410
4180946
7326082
1203470
3185626
Megalopolis
11307081
5386838
12264221
1231792
3725220
9915962
5194675
9700790
1199159
3622603
Meganisiou
1552555
1049488
2024842
403150
888266
1234936
812853
1301186
384502
867841
Megareon
19766054
13826940
20677392
1136071
6023739
17098987
12630534
17601315
1115166
6417653
Megistis
1216742
411205
829490
47923
452208
821677
263725
401561
50860
572710
Messinis
8800153
5050588
9642825
1458990
5750838
12618680
7640544
11967826
1384453
6212277
Metamorfoseos
21208484
14343059
20980613
547427
4203327
20228644
12249766
20340045
548814
4364558
Metsovou
5458637
3073816
6191172
520503
1726872
4726492
2545209
4986942
502942
1876370
Milou
4827744
3671913
5102541
499453
1519998
4749909
2938175
4659719
481306
1597603
Minoa Pediadas
11300115
5638331
10574740
869402
3954922
8061519
5443043
8353689
844355
4381845
Molou-Agiou Konstantinou
6082516
3714122
6861554
688560
2338251
7621358
4648725
7469641
666877
3334768
Monemvasias
13512090
8096376
16430009
1345893
4761462
12447060
7174751
12083135
1302103
5223556
Moschatou-Tavrou
26581034
19050235
23688934
803590
6776500
26034752
17642551
26062725
809151
7073107
Mouzakiou
6805248
3342746
7554642
854419
3169819
5960240
3964600
7111042
853360
3576168
Mykis
7250549
3143441
8448782
1288430
2494116
5260499
2428850
4863919
1249928
2702824
Mykonou
11135629
3017101
4553927
398395
2320367
10779863
6655657
10309487
391161
2329868
Mylopotamou
9740648
5579524
10058112
971929
2843188
8844873
5157187
8655964
943770
3064276
Nafpaktias
16494924
8793790
19957673
1844487
7760180
18374524
11183143
19672157
1790519
9877830
Nafplieon
19719371
11844451
21237439
1574049
7927825
21251890
15330013
21627800
1532919
12952136
12951128
7750766
14924376
1798069
6514114
14008295
7775766
15467703
1739466
4762808
Neapolis-Sykeon
39587806
24403916
37583439
1775228
11821938
38932090
21008236
40094063
1800890
17246024
12163795
Neas Ionias
15702813
10161984
16054345
903598
11335478
31041796
23395244
30531581
1013495
Neas Propontidas
24282124
16688153
24856520
1372485
4549081
23026999
14733584
23254442
1347095
5968660
Neas Smyrnis
33987012
26337089
35030514
1222488
12646578
33937896
23894738
33811015
1226400
13055178
Neas Zichnis
6773013
4711490
7178100
595024
3146994
6431431
4309087
6090724
577068
3263247
Nemeas
4713806
2305691
5792957
349428
1704096
3361043
2330806
3524670
338661
1785932
Nestoriou
3579279
1820674
4057590
467952
1637119
3314884
1572048
3247940
454941
1842153
Nestou
10417611
6522713
11229056
1515114
4760869
10707677
6228375
10686492
1469592
5122901
23210092
12718886
23064533
617401
19519710
56562362
48065374
63244776
2305812
18854544
Nikolaou Skoufa
4962615
2981332
5380674
731341
2960025
5179866
3547916
5542384
708789
3261529
Nisyrou
3492951
2138956
3498477
144688
993520
2912970
1425529
2930640
139574
1323308
Notias Kynourias
4246873
875440
1758829
670768
2119861
5950703
3248468
5581011
649857
2298066
Notiou Piliou
1833888
300870
657724
2466844
5838056
3767645
5513141
637072
2704427
Oichalias
6715286
3494206
7657286
856293
3305702
6981412
3911630
6738077
823892
3706923
Oinnousson
1019309
683331
850893
155712
730833
754678
611221
824178
150127
1774475
Oraiokastrou
18841121
12382727
19536704
619346
5465262
16339036
10747008
16464616
636138
4934754
Orchomenou
5709679
3487272
6556619
558281
2497923
8807770
3649009
8800044
549326
2822230
Orestiadas
20270208
13335210
22221894
2733419
7963179
19652651
11782941
19655759
2640291
8636777
Oropediou Lasithiou
2292578
798475
2447497
266983
937752
2001454
882524
1944332
257424
956235
Oropou
15552194
9528245
15718302
996802
5015899
19145030
13168587
19023504
1009188
5828006
Paggaiou
16654823
8440220
14340963
2205380
6680355
17053323
11774731
18682245
2140113
7192399
Paianias
5716811
4381547
6159845
421254
3275769
14316333
9152056
14722319
426419
3376473
Paionias
15717887
10606257
17950678
1695586
7685453
14078937
9226120
13217924
1643863
7877621
Palaiou Falirou
30121747
21515759
30364103
986692
10598205
29599262
20106879
28312041
984373
11130686
Palama
8699027
5366180
8517182
982567
3788661
7550862
5453363
8525096
954375
4219182
Pallinis
25810192
15304764
29455634
645785
5573815
54148954
44955488
54957635
727006
35283258
Papagou-Cholargou
22849962
19760853
23880263
752165
8243477
24482000
17776159
23216092
750591
8594173
Paranestiou
4578138
2205406
4289117
691247
1521428
3049255
935189
1261628
665448
1581085
Pargas
11092176
4526564
11380979
785387
3180469
7540285
4224418
6861555
761548
3417586
Parou
10679088
6525512
11858936
1076386
2645775
10641806
6218449
11181837
1041396
2850024
Patmou
3912641
2417059
4293657
247572
1136454
3307426
1756846
2790092
239894
1469371
Patreon
90289318
65974539
92292855
5579524
32479376
114539669
87813929
112862933
5617044
63908099
Pavlou Mela
40796341
30974147
44915921
1696405
8617711
37452936
24733480
35609987
1750626
16280371
Paxon
7037917
1691978
7271396
240792
959586
6413702
1551716
6177126
231159
979473
Peiraios
104273375
93167292
107601814
3359709
27799721
149007217
136076904
146356303
3363352
94862561
Pellas
30626845
17213536
31037879
2079225
11546632
26060093
16984161
26436441
2099096
13572553
Pentelis
21142731
13415935
21496807
529249
4759522
19577701
12773368
18209510
542494
5098553
Peramatos
3404251
2020612
3734086
873917
5216074
17247010
12606106
15836457
648333
5591278
Peristeriou
62477405
52763117
68344766
2974288
24035025
60953908
45586994
61503382
2989494
25434874
Petroupoleos
21939955
15826713
24329666
1056214
8502354
20623157
15474237
21087978
1067239
8767602
38
Pineiou
8228071
4677448
9699596
772103
3422080
8089648
4561130
8360664
750177
3746248
Platania
9522423
5854791
10623100
976210
3173672
9755312
6299258
9674801
950960
3318349
Pogoniou
6956227
4173432
7856029
918355
3302371
5423097
3764835
5345225
897002
3527891
Polygyrou
10955389
7533715
11167661
1110902
4491356
19600727
15989570
19849969
1080547
9361553
Porou
4248457
3156846
4644714
149170
1166290
4364865
2430368
4507073
140664
1342971
Prespon
2541691
872301
2461398
350538
888555
2051194
878648
2136761
335804
969013
Prevezas
14406035
9655079
14599542
1426044
6699253
21408612
14852653
20089112
1395463
10573156
Prosotsanis
8833088
5897452
9202481
1212076
3733476
8372281
5071010
7799179
1167965
3980721
Psaron
904273
349466
957627
121685
634412
702809
423798
724902
117359
637933
Pydnas-Kolindrou
9137196
5973629
9876131
710247
3366179
7177537
5097332
7673784
682565
3817204
Pylaias-Chortiati
35608839
21708014
36027750
1031508
8071563
29260523
19898571
29562512
1039950
9495935
Pylis
11147655
7112411
11481867
1131042
4639405
8460340
6110905
7999274
1098687
5151307
Pylou-Nestoros
11888805
8677249
16691490
1131476
4656565
15614210
6690384
15970117
1104690
5046063
Pyrgou
25955552
14388511
27685108
2002544
9735417
29493893
23252626
31030321
1968949
18964405
Rafinas-Pikermiou
10799467
6327958
11275593
332523
2470299
13085984
8545572
13069777
338580
2785278
Rethymnis
36945597
19260431
36514323
2290799
9016425
34191440
22162826
35575681
2262203
14172477
Riga Feraiou
5278841
2870992
6491973
566258
3675557
5524158
3361691
5023883
550701
2560817
Rodou
93626881
55543183
97844478
4683383
34846011
105340922
75549999
100129426
4619288
40826381
Salaminas
21781702
14927819
22718489
852542
5185037
22033291
15044919
22889894
971020
6649774
Samothrakis
3068965
2564369
3220579
296216
1326433
2856858
2327973
2713234
282278
1344079
Samou
20954546
13616908
22076952
2583458
7074436
20692292
15569152
20241422
2497903
9982815
Saronikou
9960255
5909116
9185146
614999
4001328
19772004
12469987
20352871
613497
4307672
Serifou
2467677
950676
2452885
137014
713228
1046613
934108
1060070
132750
680057
Serron
32400797
20398600
32956238
2402870
15518796
44992884
34617280
44639817
2405496
29504643
Servion-Velventou
11577819
6160179
12178423
1044602
4562159
9619863
5790659
8853974
1012293
5025158
Sfakion
1311993
863814
1524573
220431
524289
1428684
741240
1426563
212241
535302
Sifnou
3250942
2044890
3661652
356358
1341752
2684177
1939947
2719018
344210
1379475
Sikinou
564466
492204
791931
43481
372786
470113
277610
408787
43920
381463
Sikyonion
12982684
7172021
13919734
1026607
4236358
10844361
7004450
9740960
998032
4747379
Sintikis
14005761
9738461
15029020
1129849
5746993
11798783
7464674
10894853
1110314
6155768
Siteias
12462869
8271921
13743169
1099562
3584812
10632619
7575175
10640741
1075648
3977269
Sithonias
10564413
5273335
10577517
632184
2108194
11543501
6500274
11254469
618132
2294405
Skiathou
7217069
4849876
7221731
230299
1844398
6982148
4434307
6890587
226904
1859095
Skopelou
3828420
2500705
4164385
237728
1511875
3656258
2655587
3639217
234042
1607205
Skydras
10339542
6876948
10579097
841612
4839812
8905853
6117027
8979617
822583
5125119
Skydrou
4410809
2539719
4351638
293438
1308574
2853491
1949227
2549119
280574
1386900
Sofadon
4371557
3292843
4799388
1183047
5269749
8765512
5704129
8314112
1150385
5054256
Soufliou
9098963
5692458
9805003
1559033
3935387
8221867
5642655
8391082
1501400
4166131
Souliou
7578812
4491013
9005199
1024212
2782347
6029389
3222723
5679514
986759
3005511
Spartis
18009787
5909796
12163520
1922475
7365439
22532926
16252804
22438280
1940630
11822288
Spaton-Artemidos
24831709
16948876
25600314
522709
4400121
20981331
15348378
21861844
526967
4596986
Spetson
4126950
3422366
4415380
114658
1104405
4241005
2554777
3351393
112581
1132200
Stylidas
10315794
4883810
10.500.764
620443
2471590
6571025
4606990
6417841
603482
2810504
Symis
3084077
1776303
3000387
242950
1134233
3100315
1782534
3171887
235152
1423996
Syrou-Ermoupolis
16437226
10633029
17317476
968505
5484170
19539325
15687432
20188120
940412
10603460
Tanagras
17738077
10417047
20808144
872009
3904146
14973037
9430473
14159608
855368
4323969
Tempon
10018092
5992988
11373272
670770
3994602
6591658
4159305
5584722
658787
3438311
Thasou
7111457
5064076
7183373
1001290
2618489
7016863
4712506
6682171
963330
2719312
Thermaikou
22116195
12704422
19002905
786974
6592035
19684715
12200754
18697258
813962
7394231
Thermis
29315933
22546648
36664741
803204
7335050
27765355
22267090
39418967
824887
8302185
Thermou
808858
992418
1806342
578057
1821402
3260052
1778090
3183021
557215
1929528
Thessalonikis
218006586
154580436
223935772
7186856
58356539
287111971
223355320
287090675
7146565
138644998
Thiras
13959285
9783503
16045992
1095676
2674150
12313085
7697846
12605995
1063531
2967712
Thivaion
24828121
12049072
16804722
1414974
6622045
16769793
11794692
17414097
1384171
6788389
Tilou
1183240
967674
1271958
124306
558549
760851
697951
2314687
119216
728704
Tinou
8415555
4871114
8729342
800917
1777661
7084111
4057028
7222413
773489
1961877
2427695
Topeirou
5704275
4185614
6012513
935402
2343957
4530966
2960645
4523422
901838
Trifylias
19892322
10535348
22413868
1596515
6354859
15748763
8012228
14790342
1386495
6353453
Trikkaion
41010973
27525348
42671531
2909959
15861559
48129288
39355154
48199726
2881161
28019759
Tripolis
25719732
16136920
33946574
2631624
10296590
27753262
20297380
25566373
2563338
16296764
Troizinias-Methanon
3426293
2283580
3745426
338266
1448153
4694830
2882052
4703012
334760
1636954
Tyrnavou
9469251
6265778
9892290
823675
4134057
8094610
5075968
7591975
816502
4392044
Varis-Voulas-Vouliagmenis
37223961
25871150
40011649
788669
6338381
36411425
24301495
34532864
787152
6570994
Velou-Vochas
10751551
6216060
11344690
630628
3444768
9000795
5894496
8385284
618502
3683102
Veroias
30978082
18734947
31794832
2122499
13122182
40680769
27622941
38796602
2100067
24192359
Viannou
4527525
2006906
4083630
395892
1318127
3968671
2215286
4116295
380263
1412105
Visaltias
11341854
6459862
11711713
988066
5028050
8973670
5924160
8338151
968377
5319270
Voiou
17591007
10120931
19305200
1445110
11194714
11979469
7572338
11001918
1420077
6726092
Volou
93411227
65173634
95548021
4512329
26400453
81755322
57785193
78057771
4267867
39531568
Volvis
15128750
9244590
15183983
1326476
3485909
12607161
8633182
11986950
1284875
4697057
Voreias Kynourias
6537126
3638656
6479418
898546
2688128
5536752
3190657
4899722
865934
3006850
Voreion Tzoumerkon
4860964
2480564
6530281
586261
2112873
4297564
1995596
4115763
566260
2272894
Vrilission
19050367
12680568
19470595
428327
4268967
16989348
10284759
17459933
438216
4913365
39
Vyronos
25890417
23062480
29063343
922681
11334450
27977426
20490915
28129855
923687
11520749
Xanthis
27979451
20179689
29841027
3614245
18858052
35691204
27550648
34586966
3530821
21882553
Xiromerou
612557
513980
910480
747741
2790372
5103074
3229136
4354350
727301
3001120
Xylokastrou-Evrostinis
13315394
7218723
15011567
1048513
3802484
10433193
6712106
10874105
1012875
4335915
Ydras
2976261
2278416
3190187
93188
915561
2639985
1362204
1888411
91111
993217
Zacharos
5714510
3005008
6591928
642739
2552324
4593787
2490519
4652460
619356
2631090
Zagoras-Mouresiou
5491062
2624965
5046344
361095
1265921
4465740
2717263
4244076
350151
1523056
Zagoriou
4849819
2016883
4965477
691198
1690622
3797762
1743288
3457481
669248
1828078
Zakynthou
14441638
8742390
15024454
2889441
7298420
27675442
17800816
28085623
2824395
11945576
3845724
Zirou
7642588
5152298
9921052
938548
3515156
6828739
4470554
6802119
908729
Zitsas
12865161
5931432
12974713
1141075
4716799
9618756
6148140
9458741
1127407
4715682
Zografou
38325711
27207473
38582588
1211641
13831273
36116561
26250330
33705118
1208129
13862292
rev_2012
operational_2012
exp_2012
sata_2012
kap_2012
23664905
58102724
44078802
55988559
1114730
Agathonisiou
569689
230613
624858
17870
186535
Agias
8061425
4779214
5311384
380830
1918921
Agias Paraskevis
56513699
49750349
56739911
557270
38042141
Agias Varvaras
12289698
7168717
12050997
524430
3538783
Agion Anargyron
23429695
17260840
22935208
1027190
7336567
Agiou Dimitriou
22895065
16149740
21955795
758410
7269884
Agiou Efstratiou
691769
289638
548761
33110
269566
Agiou Nikolaou
19342273
12622280
19160869
835930
7350494
Agiou Vasileiou
4731781
2776110
4650201
418890
1197511
Agistriou
1221489
1014302
1135230
19760
305647
Agrafon
6410244
3146570
4860213
1021700
1956737
Agriniou
46911891
28090244
46271319
2534530
21838456
Aigaleo
80959214
71072939
81189906
1172550
56461950
Aigialeias
27167724
19221092
28010783
1434080
8021094
Aiginas
11232533
9051361
10959809
240740
1608436
Aktiou-Vonitsas
8785861
3972504
9559401
572760
2874058
Alexandreias
16979080
11313006
16144303
948890
6511619
Alexandroupolis
53005213
34272914
51393264
2774080
24551665
Aliartou-Thespieon
4373676
2599145
4338636
300250
1541672
Alimou
18947809
13169611
17887290
486860
4936657
Almopias
12264144
7590853
11901454
873680
4476020
Almyrou
8597926
5380595
8612899
568300
2586200
Alonnisou
2161593
1160394
2647139
75830
776854
Amariou
2704688
1001139
2363814
305020
894565
Amarousiou
57788514
26987181
56297590
664940
7580815
Amfikleias-Elateias
6252144
3141847
6578779
415080
2153322
Amfilochias
10802599
7355674
10080448
757170
4807032
Amfipolis
6209639
4167501
6485699
383440
2137606
Amorgou
2958791
1014251
2861083
131990
546566
Ampelokipon-Menemenis
21250628
13439687
19542929
782270
6337480
Amyntaiou
3386523
12017835
5602373
10058325
795840
Anafis
607943
313668
755080
23560
252213
Anatolikis Manis
9153007
4958743
9275726
810280
3243635
Andravidas-Kyllinis
7640364
4755937
7055949
615240
2895937
Andritsainas-Krestenon
8027958
4671008
8408698
566490
2705149
Androu
7656084
3304874
7683211
686740
1353557
Anogeion
2711883
1138526
2531958
126010
636271
Antiparou
1352176
821394
1312661
60830
305714
Apokoronou
10161486
5650574
9374687
428020
2098289
Archaias Olympias
5827886
2732921
4941686
545090
2279336
Archanon-Asterousion
11072410
6749655
10834130
518290
3308769
Argitheas
1835713
1208326
1875946
279100
816977
Argous Orestikou
5230878
3618313
4886380
547530
2169440
Argous-Mykinon
19734082
13523962
20807009
1353670
6263487
Aristoteli
11523990
7430333
11534432
588140
2360275
Arrianon
5995379
2869179
5611637
837520
1778404
Artaion
27042036
14715692
25149059
1346660
11797224
Aspropyrgou
34068262
24667333
33855658
528790
3420943
Astypalaias
1366891
749923
1292219
81730
727599
449851671
341940683
456908505
6240230
155186703
Athinaion
Avdiron
8310230
4878569
8198411
854000
2459368
Chaidariou
20955036
15117641
20753943
744750
5667677
40
Chalandriou
33606620
22638620
31975263
671710
8390645
Chalkideon
53944408
43272156
56067607
2054030
25189046
Chalkidonos
3956186
11341286
7827283
13200567
546050
Chalkis
838548
621246
739358
32780
371540
Chanion
63359815
41086912
60912893
2300310
23393204
Chersonisou
15460105
9792373
15530886
612120
3431837
Chiou
30863764
22854373
31037227
2622750
13923282
Dafnis-Ymittou
14611123
9532999
14006500
536780
4772012
Delfon
18627120
12621077
19349920
1284600
6292212
Delta
23527492
14895143
22098763
669290
5398648
Deskatis
4345747
2054839
4304304
408440
1172945
Didymoteichou
9758083
6141039
8851777
1077210
3232990
Dionysou
22186238
15821245
23835185
420490
3352458
Diou-Olympou
11646975
7347146
10884529
610790
3235767
Dirfyon-Messapion
9824022
5151767
8511334
670570
2440239
Distomou-Arachovas
4203165
2744710
4159183
312340
1430856
Dodonis
6711222
3690347
6138916
631330
2027450
Domokou
6468375
3597860
6446828
486570
1922786
Doridos
8518151
4410969
8118287
811530
2227700
Doxatou
12433581
4519566
11955749
866550
2533959
Dramas
32058412
21804931
33291052
2628740
16283797
Dytikis Achaias
11221693
7828114
12053128
595030
3401264
Dytikis Manis
4442447
1949591
4224129
306100
1342402
Edessas
26649302
16223691
25958209
712740
14052971
Elafonisou
664754
436466
647144
25430
238298
Elassonas
15608517
9132939
15169027
1863200
5639684
Elefsinas
41792002
35683544
40410626
568070
22781134
Ellinikou-Argyroupolis
26472677
17153870
26859730
660140
7211755
Emmanouil Pappa
7086522
4788788
6709910
439980
2320176
Eordaias
21475818
14704017
22205980
1248370
6571493
Epidavrou
2937631
2061978
2705707
281930
1060263
Eretrias
5171522
3765245
5737161
312810
1595553
Ermionidas
5440383
4223375
5524530
350810
1787058
Erymanthou
6402869
3166180
5733563
461120
1624374
Evrota
10895975
6010400
8749409
764410
3441502
Faistou
8907949
4434108
9244046
661320
3252560
Farkadonas
4764871
2779194
4045790
479230
2139731
Farsalon
8014426
5112040
8519469
527020
2785952
Filadelfeias-Chalkidonos
19031273
13523044
18550665
516040
4471950
Filiaton
6579943
3168420
5907941
752180
2076499
Filotheis-Psychikou
21945430
14866600
20353044
345080
3914625
Florinas
21121811
13069655
20523316
1361090
9981366
Folegandrou
708269
430162
667926
43860
239514
Fournon Korseon
936096
422657
1002972
148430
499974
Fylis
49505222
33374817
49264723
805660
4587246
Galatsiou
6653695
21009355
13708727
20316975
636450
Gavdou
152702
71754
78938
17850
178554
Georgiou Karaiskaki
3319729
1775297
2933362
364900
1123708
Glyfadas
38894821
23588106
44443177
816070
8323765
Gortynas
9468613
5643111
9437396
556290
2528458
Gortynias
8838527
3649565
9009107
812140
2794438
Grevenon
19131983
12717787
18903716
1730850
7180201
Iasmou
5480585
2918449
4933353
655100
1595654
Ierapetras
15274356
9857231
15080150
913930
3232090
19174172
13601750
18987148
898810
9187688
Igoumenitsas
19180880
13779481
18853832
1057990
9146552
Iiton
2859294
1595984
2839814
129200
595459
Ikarias
3767273
2347117
3706698
871300
1170366
Ilidas
18398401
8245039
15923461
877090
4523674
Iliou
28084236
21812036
29561517
1269550
9735222
Ilioupoleos
26569161
19857924
26964456
809790
9122530
Ioanniton
71104590
39190759
67556821
2791190
24037504
2893070
Irakleias
7244827
4444859
6917637
551160
Irakleiou Attikis
19505065
16286854
19658504
531300
5799430
Irakleiou Kritis
98882074
55967900
97425855
2987470
38280765
15156040
9576872
15973108
804070
5418451
Istiaias-Aidipsou
10702049
6944023
10236127
631190
2900916
Ithakis
3687806
2550938
3365823
356110
888267
Kaisarianis
11251367
8168414
11086762
351600
3303700
Kalamarias
38224743
22544502
36055073
1099040
9485851
Kalamatas
46060286
29033445
45337795
1618040
20119411
Kalampakas
11919646
7390713
11172206
1078390
4502782
Kalavryton
11460865
4830642
11451537
738780
2924395
41
Kallitheas
74661088
71711500
75762955
1373450
52923358
Kalymnion
11416725
6128091
11318615
857780
3779829
Karantanou-Selinou
3367567
1964456
3648797
253750
1215834
Karditsas
34528901
27382732
34144961
1580660
17367558
Karpathou
5443075
2964438
5117488
438070
1404768
Karpenisiou
16611271
8897707
16409300
1423590
4478043
Karystou
7551487
4263196
7216536
436010
1834203
Kasou
1061355
388880
513757
76840
624697
Kassandras
22019652
11796888
21423041
419060
1765053
Kastorias
20747340
15112800
19870305
1472970
9554850
Katerinhs
47795440
34685095
48326027
1766920
22416545
Kato Nevrokopiou
6937492
2943303
5147650
545220
1465220
Kavalas
49253654
30227616
45549088
2761630
18963789
Keas
3218256
1310965
2442854
227520
756568
Kefalonias
28364111
19222394
27898076
1946070
8031689
1388130
Kentrikon Tzoumerkon
4781867
1704073
3873390
490310
Keratsiniou-Drapetsonas
34351769
24714640
34096631
1389390
9985626
Kerkyras
63461297
41737594
61556540
3348220
22626042
Kifisias
49772533
32286261
49846283
629230
7068779
Kileler
12792429
7149693
11908250
566730
2880883
Kilkis
26567307
19434812
25185824
1654030
12460373
Kimolou
190363
230632
281940
50460
279235
Kissamou
6381372
3799805
5756150
395880
1693088
Ko
28759225
18336484
29330222
1461310
5306846
Komotinis
39229046
28255065
37729114
2413220
20872425
1806264
Konitsas
5655864
3414110
5716887
555420
Kordeliou-Evosmou
32499189
19943516
31845453
1023790
8639720
Korinthion
35946543
23150635
30775021
1221810
16291476
Korydallou
35652452
15909200
24973169
977570
7394734
Kozanis
45086538
30961295
45839044
1866320
18037604
Kropias
21797139
12730696
20675535
322040
2649251
Kymis-Aliveriou
13096169
8695462
12541062
937500
4244620
Kythiron
3057275
1629583
2842744
288120
1204638
Kythnou
1823006
1342753
1958783
107390
542181
Lagkada
20493179
13830547
21321370
1399030
5123537
Lamieon
37629004
26335595
38732619
1714750
17527909
Larisaion
86193233
51361009
85114712
2552440
31887112
Lavreotikis
18089281
10785751
18828761
337690
2854887
Lefkadas
14789332
9437622
19509564
1511280
5778888
Leipson
1649710
625062
1838564
38730
549465
Lerou
5951121
3957910
6673826
407770
2198131
Lesvou
44029401
29765361
43260705
3119380
18682750
Levedeon
25955061
18951910
25740728
818040
13093864
Limnis Plastira
3042092
1866866
3082010
263090
803587
Limnou
13556564
5627695
11809608
1172580
2337046
Lokron
9833743
6837178
9809427
578400
2735859
Loutrakiou
17298760
11460376
19933374
459330
2627333
Lykovrysis-Pefkis
13366639
8956655
12938659
346940
3136288
Malevizou
12756713
7299041
12622078
562640
3211345
Mandras-Eidyllias
15455922
9829207
15340435
494410
2363155
Manrakomis
7613370
4371964
6994719
720620
2384952
Mantoulidou-Limnis
6539102
4114506
6084067
460830
2155243
Marathonos
19221966
13397461
19025219
418110
3197339
Markopoulou-Mesogaias
18390456
10824152
18446081
190020
1959663
Maroneias-Sapon
8008232
4876714
8170357
811320
2078255
Megalopolis
8689343
4795794
8722874
771080
2555540
Meganisiou
1501526
696394
1111616
255760
594601
Megareon
15353145
11697715
15375707
732610
4241158
Megistis
728190
358076
652245
27520
367209
Messinis
15052384
7625176
14988826
854880
3953963
Metamorfoseos
18558496
11485469
18478777
370910
2865523
Metsovou
4309456
2514001
4293692
323180
1140915
Milou
4989280
2880770
5689521
316250
1094795
Minoa Pediadas
9861120
5429710
8985568
553460
2773416
Molou-Agiou Konstantinou
6612003
3903052
6856545
416290
2099153
Monemvasias
13700707
7038907
11924654
825240
3445830
Moschatou-Tavrou
21964461
15658870
21644651
567370
4558703
Mouzakiou
6972205
3512238
6177355
569810
2249329
Mykis
6498372
2629276
6175591
834060
1684632
Mykonou
10547011
5912596
8658670
254430
1600051
Mylopotamou
12132382
4418568
12169544
620990
1881553
Nafpaktias
18102983
10272775
16790548
1172700
7374177
Nafplieon
21172088
14780437
20949435
994940
10400200
42
16235330
8457663
15677214
1136460
3194437
Neapolis-Sykeon
35108892
15285167
30800759
1212680
11115107
Neas Ionias
28651437
19894559
28858337
694860
8197576
Neas Propontidas
23321381
12489709
21678603
888970
4089940
Neas Smyrnis
30736365
21329136
30551545
858960
8402233
Neas Zichnis
5771569
3797378
5748377
383830
2098548
Nemeas
3515190
1969118
3297031
214620
1128866
Nestoriou
3637104
1709045
3394937
286920
1165815
Nestou
10761407
5183573
9484481
983820
3176210
52847122
38226767
49677112
1591190
12312710
Nikolaou Skoufa
5688145
2921350
5775595
472910
2026917
Nisyrou
2755688
1146378
2760734
83770
895843
Notias Kynourias
4727186
3453611
5331224
403230
1522124
Notiou Piliou
6423194
3656046
6495439
350660
1643041
Oichalias
7669586
3783272
6952440
508420
2368034
Oinnousson
944416
442536
1036381
92740
481131
Oraiokastrou
14902142
9257681
14822926
413740
3177162
Orchomenou
12873862
3101665
12003993
346390
1857482
Orestiadas
19617962
9967987
15753182
1773910
5433576
Oropediou Lasithiou
1745486
858305
1482045
160080
618546
Oropou
25539361
14390560
26223834
544460
3728300
Paggaiou
18511582
10567047
16612984
1432490
4510271
Paianias
20908642
9948913
18830316
263820
2205437
Paionias
13945822
8216219
13615213
1085550
5059989
Palaiou Falirou
25682752
17564602
25066270
688270
7111786
Palama
6833668
5418145
7051996
645270
2681117
Pallinis
40912391
34151698
41378517
475430
22035292
Papagou-Cholargou
22575264
15033006
21924687
490990
5350503
Paranestiou
3601587
2039295
3034834
426380
1049840
Pargas
8228670
3803185
7330408
507570
2150520
Parou
10743911
6076357
9171151
690210
2054166
Patmou
3448854
1746443
3497389
150410
977631
Patreon
109815832
82761284
106769636
3813420
50817159
Pavlou Mela
35907783
20861183
33268945
1203340
10599187
Paxon
3084004
1352737
3062497
143170
682168
Peiraios
130891626
127150918
131858309
2353880
76230044
Pellas
25507106
15371297
24436878
1415300
8683498
Pentelis
15693954
11441035
16836367
319440
3230049
Peramatos
12916664
9497541
13633111
437820
3469708
Peristeriou
54021168
39224080
52486974
2075500
16176041
Petroupoleos
20672746
15050215
21533997
731620
5759273
Pineiou
9042145
4027871
9212665
476060
2531499
Platania
9823705
5558358
8819443
601910
2139382
Pogoniou
5900452
3420191
5326325
566620
2237027
Polygyrou
22941429
16040317
23097817
671490
8766897
Porou
3462150
2172530
3163249
69280
865233
Prespon
2562694
935136
2647075
207420
605543
Prevezas
25592173
14192514
25070682
937150
8144659
Prosotsanis
9069261
4724140
8460358
780280
2697809
Psaron
4353329
440754
4320223
68910
410184
Pydnas-Kolindrou
9357495
5941981
9113323
434800
2544928
Pylaias-Chortiati
27785712
17381716
26844513
694050
6110926
Pylis
7135554
4959149
7042625
713850
3128284
Pylou-Nestoros
12390934
5107802
12810543
679020
3238801
Pyrgou
26786778
20901812
26155272
1305090
15658104
Rafinas-Pikermiou
12879007
7538750
12512139
201160
1856951
Rethymnis
49620646
20678028
48276954
1524180
10361651
Riga Feraiou
4740420
2781313
5357663
332280
1582586
Rodou
108839632
74890561
111099414
2991330
31213933
Salaminas
19951190
14435688
19298537
604270
4206369
Samothrakis
2475335
2017330
2338331
170760
913418
Samou
21952813
14412742
20975747
1617950
7701327
Saronikou
23136321
10932886
21155972
357990
2687714
Serifou
1102398
824670
2208494
83150
468891
Serron
47279431
32453965
45375452
1644580
23837273
Servion-Velventou
9683322
4793579
9259915
669510
3290458
Sfakion
1420204
685203
1428156
113260
349417
Sifnou
3269444
1911663
3032072
228450
1041733
Sikinou
474695
223905
293622
24120
242451
Sikyonion
10605858
7289187
11341514
626120
3200667
Sintikis
10706054
7214498
11137330
725780
3926024
Siteias
11194122
7487846
13307253
690230
2754289
Sithonias
14104247
7753050
15054397
369770
1488829
43
Skiathou
6882172
4067270
6816449
130960
1238668
Skopelou
4554359
2478042
4474414
129460
1040563
Skydras
9814822
5667305
9580988
551060
3326460
Skydrou
4543881
1913342
4501554
167450
902212
Sofadon
9393600
6060836
9372245
766060
3192193
Soufliou
10725241
5697646
10256587
971170
2625080
Souliou
6487730
3425267
5590639
645440
1895320
Spartis
21200496
14832809
22157859
1208870
9197239
Spaton-Artemidos
24715242
14314780
21812333
342600
2988953
Spetson
3991039
3971677
4520337
63130
764847
Stylidas
6655193
4907464
7418629
377340
1703744
Symis
2747955
1635871
2635814
148100
927670
Syrou-Ermoupolis
17940350
13209540
16496727
610560
9239531
Tanagras
15446276
9501323
13125351
525520
2699219
Tempon
6771578
3748856
7062273
415710
2154504
Thasou
8554462
4367561
7838551
624640
1763472
Thermaikou
20069145
11545987
20224433
546780
4858753
Thermis
26490316
18434426
28131751
543300
6999419
Thermou
3734602
1548097
3293195
367820
1240319
Thessalonikis
291522852
199435835
286652724
4929980
118411875
Thiras
13920653
7573085
12494076
710630
2258358
Thivaion
16521804
11358365
16100794
878260
4430550
Tilou
1953077
898770
1875598
67090
879248
Tinou
7421897
3527231
6815999
509260
1306079
Topeirou
4686713
2626425
4428096
609590
1540939
Trifylias
12185645
6741668
11476215
892710
4228966
Trikkaion
43770523
34001743
44290663
1959630
19553107
Tripolis
27544403
21370334
29173477
1649730
12206981
Troizinias-Methanon
6380701
2851357
5911449
186740
1034598
Tyrnavou
8276371
5196423
8633936
542060
2813405
Varis-Voulas-Vouliagmenis
29612735
20763823
31173119
505430
4399913
Velou-Vochas
8739603
5837163
8732388
400890
2342667
Veroias
39984326
27836022
37969075
1404330
21472485
Viannou
3722128
1898492
3645267
245850
881132
Visaltias
8979543
5905453
8575822
647000
3410084
Voiou
13936406
7598081
12981236
940280
3880283
Volou
68299680
51503032
67436298
2856320
29461768
Volvis
11407710
7172826
11412288
825900
2978092
Voreias Kynourias
5481226
2999820
4303920
570300
2050555
Voreion Tzoumerkon
4324109
1911001
4010529
344270
1409005
Vrilission
15564608
10313298
14849853
288620
2942390
Vyronos
33822147
18166474
34188470
626950
7644647
Xanthis
36805068
25339417
34460996
2418460
16961514
Xiromerou
4712241
2856188
4460868
466770
1899777
Xylokastrou-Evrostinis
10790136
6663740
11152547
657980
3010836
Ydras
2351062
1960208
2319371
47580
608036
Zacharos
4604189
2705528
4739176
392410
1680682
Zagoras-Mouresiou
3189903
2187258
3122739
211270
868180
Zagoriou
4518313
1428299
3740934
416190
1144827
Zakynthou
23633164
14013288
24309577
1849180
8150862
Zirou
11417582
4285443
10929130
600760
2443473
Zitsas
10337636
6671171
10481962
735280
3188728
Zografou
33756406
23887015
32864218
826080
9071776
44