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PRODUCTION FACILITY
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PIGGING PROCEDURE
PRODUCTION FACILITY BANGKO CRESTAL 0-0-82A
SR NO. 1259772 01 04770 000

SLO N
MARCH 2015

DESCRIPTION

Issued for Review

& Approval

BP3
DATE

RW / CPI
PREPARED BY

CHECKED BY

APPROVED BY

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SUMATRA LIGHT OPERATION

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1. SCOPE
This procedure cover minimum requirement for Pig cleaning test of new
pipe line. Pipe line pigging is done for the following reason:
-

To clean-up pipelines before use/put in operate (Poly pig)

To fill lines for hydrostatic testing, dewatering following hydrostatic

testing, and drying and purging operations (spheres and foam pigs).

To inspect pipelines for detect such as dents, buckles or corrosion.

2. P & ID REFERENCY
P & ID, Drawing or skecth shall be attached for Boundary cleaning
3. PURPOSE
This procedure shall be applied to pipe line as per approval drawing.
Pigging is performed to clean the pipeline for any foreign material left
during construction. The pig cleaning shall be done firstly prior to
hydrotest.
4. APPLICABLE CODE & SPECIFICATION
-

ANSI/ASME Code B31.4

CPI SPECIFICATION

5. DEFENITIONS
PIG

A tool propelled through a pipeline to perform a

Several pig launched in a set order to perform a

Pressure vessel used for launching and receiving pigs.

function.
PIG TRAIN
specific task.
PIG TRAP

UTILITY PIG :

Non-autonomous pig used to carry out simple task

(batching,
cleaning).
INTELLIGENT PIG : A generic name given to a pig that utilizes power to
perform a specific task or log specific information.
6. TYPE OF PIGS

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Foam Pig

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Generally used for liquid removal, swabbing, drying,

product separation and many cleaning duties. Foams
are often suited to pipeline systems with very tight
radii or mitred bends and where significant reductions
in internal diameter exist. Foam pig selection will be
dependent on the operation to be performed and
length of run required. These molded polyurethane
foam pigs are available in three densities:
Light density ---- 1 2 lb/cubic foot
Medium density--- 5 8 lb/cubic foot
Heavy density ---- 8 10 lb/ cubic foot

Cleaning Pig

Pig can be configured with various tools to aid

cleaning. Circular brushes, spring mounted brush,
scrapers or plough blades for waxes and sledges.

Gauging Pig

The inclusion of a simple gauging plate, made of soft

metal (generally aluminum), on batching pig provides
the function of conforming the integrity of the flow
area of the pipe. Any major intrusions into the line will
cause damage to the gauge plate, highlighting there is
a problem, thought not highlighting where.

Batching Pig

Also known as a swabbing pig, the batching pig is

designed to act as a simple barrier between dissimilar
fluids or to provide a sweep of a line.

Magnetic Pig

Inclusions of powerful rare earth magnets on the

circumstances of the pig mandrel allow the pig not only
to lift ferrous debris from the line, but can also provide
the secondary function of activating pig signalers.

7. HOW PIGS WORK

Pigs come in various varieties, the most common being mandrel, single
bolt, solid cast, foam, articulated and sphere.
Pigs are designed so that sealing elements provide a positive interference
with the pipe wall. Once inserted into a line, pigs are driven through the
line by applying pressure in the direction of required movement. A

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pressure differential is created across the pig, resulting in movement in

the direction of the pressure drop. In operational lines, this pressure is
applied by the line product, whereas, in un-commissioned lines, the
propelling medium can be chosen to suit the task being carried out, e.g.
water for flooding or dry air or nitrogen gas for dewatering.
8. PIG SELECTION
Selection of the correct pig depends on several factors such as line type,
length, material, condition, propelling medium and the function to be
performed. Advice should be sought from pig manufacturers and those
experienced in the science and art of pigging.
9. PIGGING FUNCTIONS
-

Cleaning
Like the process for displacement, the positive interface between the
pig and the pipe wall imparts a cleaning action on the pipe wall. This
can be further enhanced by the addition of brushes, scrapers, or even
more aggressive tools to the pig. For line where ferrous debris is
expected, magnet attached to the pigs can add a pick-up action for
removal of magnetic debris.

Gauging
In order to identify any major restriction in flow area through a line a
simple metal plate is attached to the pig to provide an internal line
gauge. Generally sized to 95% of the pipeline internal diameter ( 95%
nominal or 95% minimum, depend on specification being used), the
gauge plate tends to be made of a soft metal such as aluminum and is
chamfered on the leading edge. It is common to petal the gauge
plate with short, radial cuts to minimize the risk of the pig becoming
stuck. These radial cuts through the gauge plate allow the plate to
bend more easily if an obstruction is encountered.

10.REASON FOR PIGGING

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Pigging of a pipeline is required at various stages of pipelines life for a

variety of reasons. These are summarized below in an example of an oil
production pipeline.
-

Pre commissioning
When new pipeline are built, they generally need to be cleaned of
construction debris and prepared for hydrostatic testing. This is
generally done by utilizing a pig train consisting of cleaning, gauging
and batching pig to flood the line.
Depending on the medium to be transported in the line, further pigging
may be required for dewatering and drying operations.

Commissioning
As the product is introduced into the line, a batching pig or pigs can be
used to separate the product from the medium currently in the line.

Operational pigging
During the life of a line, operational pigging is a cheap effective way of
maintaining flow and minimizing back pressure. Pigs can be used to
mechanically clean waxes and other hydrocarbon builds ups, or
chemicals can be batched between pigs to provide chemically
enhanced cleaning. Inline inspection is generally carried out as part of
a routine maintenance plan.

Decommissioning
Whether pipelines reach the end of their useful life or have their used
change (e.g. changing a production line to produced water disposal
line), they generally require some form of cleaning. Again, mechanical
and

chemical

means

can

be

used

to

allow

subsea

disconnection/reconnection and in some cases pipelines can be

dewatered for recovery and reuse.

11.PIGGING MEDIUMS

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Liquid
The preferred medium for propelling pigs is an incompressible liquid.
Incompressible liquid provide maximum control over pig speed as well
as lubrication for the pig seals, minimizing wear and maximizing seal
effectiveness and life. Liquids such as water, crude oils or process
products and chemicals can be used as propelling mediums. Care
should be taken to ensure sealing element materials are compatible
with fluid medium and prevailing pressure and flow conditions.

Gas
As gasses are compressible, the amount of stored energy behind a pig
propelled with gas is far greater than of similar pig propelled with
liquid. Appropriate consideration should be given to safety implications
resulting from this stored energy. Pig movement can also be affected
by improper use of a compressible gas as a propulsion fluid. Failure to
deliver adequate quantities of gas required to maintain sufficient
pressure behind the pig can result in start-stop motion of the pig.

Multiphase Fluid.
When the pig propelling medium is multiphase, the same safety
consideration should be given to the pigging operation as if the
propelling medium were gas. Extra care should be given to the
consider the effect of slugging and the associated forces at the
receiving end.

12.PIG LAUNCHER AND RECEIVER

Pigs can be inserted into lines directly or via spool insertion, however the
most common method of getting pigs in and out of lines is through the use
of pig traps. The selection of pig traps and the method of launch and
receipt of pigs depend on several factors. The pressure rating of the pig
trap required to meet system design codes/standards and function can
also affect physical size and design of the trap. The pig trap can also
feature additional ports for pressure/temperature monitoring, chemical
injection, pig signaling, etc.
13.PREPARATION

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To conduct cleaning pig on this project BP3 CS-WUR-C NG, the preparation
tools, equipment and type of pig can be shown below :
-

The Medium for Pigging Test

Equipment and Accessories to be prepared

a.

Temporary pig launcher and pig receiver.

b.

-2 hoses

c.

Air Compressor

d.

Pressure Gauge
The pressure gauge will be installed on the line to indicated the line
Pressure after the valve is closed whenever possible located the
pressure gauge at a low point in the pipe line where pressures are
naturally higher.

e.

Poly Pig or Foam Pig Heavy Density,

14.APPLICATION
To further clean the pipe line from foreign material and check the general
integrity of pipe line, the pigging test will be conducted step by describe
as follow:
-

Ensure all supporting document to start the work has been approved
by client, such as SOP, JSI/JSA, GPTW, ITP and Work Procedure.

Ensure all personnel incharge for the work has attended and passed
safety training class such as HES Induction, FSWP, etc

Ensure all personnel fit to conduct the work

Ensure all personnel are using proper PPE

Ensure all warning sign and barricade have been installed

Install temporary pig launcher and pig receiver.

Insert poly pig in to launcher.

Ensure sqeunce of tightening bolt asper procedure

Install 2 hose to the launcher to and start the air compressor.

Run the air compressor and gradually increase the pressure to round
30 psig for keep the poly pig moving. Monitor the receiver at site and
watch for the coming pig.

When the Pig arrived, inspector shall immediately contact base to stop
the air compressor.

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Conduct visual inspection

If Client accepted, continue to dismantle temporary pig launcher and

receiver

If the result is not accepted, restart the work step above.

Acceptance criteria of the pig cleaning is the pipe line free from pieces
of metal, wooden, welding electrode and other construction debris and
the physical condition of pig coming out shall be 80% compare to the
original pig.

15.SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
As is any system where pressure is employed adequate safety precaution
should be excised the following safety precautions should be considered.
-

There is no safe pressure any pressure is potentially dangerous. In fact

that Some practiced which are not save are used because we never
had any trouble before should be never be accepted.

Pressurizing

equipment

should

be

operated

be

qualified

and

experienced personnel. Untrained or unauthorized personal should not

be around the pressurizing equipment.
-

Do not make any adjustments on pressurizing fitting for example if an

adapter or flange joint is leaking takes the pressure off the line before
attempting to tighten.

The test operation should be well planned and carried out with all due
precaution. It is always best for one man to be take their direction from
him.

Testing with air or gaseous media is particularly dangerous and should

be avoided if it all possible.

Barricade launcher and receiving area during operation.

Safety man shall be standby to keep receiving area during operation.

16.CAUSES OF THE PIG NOT COMING OUT

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The stuck pig can happen if the pig has encountered obstruction that it
cannot negotiate. This will include excessive debris build-up in front of the
pig, partially closed valves and various obstructions such as lunch boxes,
tools, etc. For removing this type, the following options may prove helpful:
-

Increase pigging pressure. The increased pressure equates to increased

force, which may be enough to allow the pig to push the obstruction.

Increase/decrease pigging pressure. By increasing and decreasing the

pressure in a quick on and off fashion, may give it the proverbial kick
in the rear to help the pig to negotiate the obstruction. This option
works very well in smaller internal diameter fitting and valve.

Remove pressure and volume (allowing the pig to recover). As with the
lost seal type, this procedure is useful for the same reason, allowing
the pig to recover its shape after encountering an obstruction.

Reverse flow direction. Reversing flow direction is very effective for

removing this type of stuck pig. In most cases, the pig cannot
negotiate or push the obstruction and reversing the flow allows the pig
to be retrieved from the line.

If the pig was not coming out thru the line the following check list may
of some help in locating the problem.

17.INSPECTION
-

To ensure satisfactory pig performance, the pig must be inspected

especially if it has previously been used. By measuring the outer
diameter of the pig with a diameter tape or using a regular tape,
ensure that the outer diameter of the pig is larger than the internal
diameter of the pipe in order to maintain a seal against pipe wall. The
pig surface should also be inspected for tears, cuts, uneven wear,
punctures and other damaged which may affect the pig performance.

Whether pig is to be used again or not, the pig should be inspected for
satisfactory pig performance.

18.ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
The criteria of acceptance for inspection are the pig is coming out
minimum 80% compare to original at receiver point. If there is any foreign

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materials in side of pipeline, it will not passed out the line and the
inspector must monitor along the line and to find out where the position is
and if required the line shall be cut of to get the pig and or brush out. A retest shall be done after repair the line.