Name: Muhamad Ashmal Daniel Bin Mohd Ashraf

Matric ID: 1327697

Parenting: Section 24
Contraception
A woman can get pregnant if a mans sperm reaches one of her eggs (ova).
Contraception tries to stop this happening by keeping the egg and sperm apart or by stopping
egg production. Based on the Oxford Dictionary contraception is 'The thoughtful use of
artificial methods or other techniques to prevent pregnancy as a consequence of sexual
intercourse.' Contraception is the deliberate prevention of conception though the use of
different devices, drugs, agents, sexual practices, or surgical procedures. It avoids pregnancy
by interfering with the normal process of ovulation, implantation, and fertilization. The major
forms of artificial contraception are barrier methods, of which the most common is the
condom; the contraceptive pill, which contains synthetic sex hormones that prevent ovulation
in the female; intrauterine devices, such as the coil, which prevent the fertilized ovum from
implanting in the uterus; and male or female sterilization. Contraception can be categorized
into two which are temporary and permanent.
History of birth control, its already exist since ancient times. Birth control and
infanticide are well documented in Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt Kahun Gynecological
Papyrus- one of the earliest documents that explicitly referred to birth control methods in
1850 BCE Plants with contraceptive properties were used in Ancient Greece from the 7th
century BCE onwards and documented by numerous ancient writers on gynaecology, such as
Hippocrates. The botanist Theophrastus documented the use of Silphium, a plant well known
for its contraceptive and abortifacient properties
Contraception is used by over 550 million couples worldwide. It has affected the
sexually active by minimizing the risk of gestation and some STI's. Due to modern medicine
there are a lot of diverse types of contraception that can fit the needs of almost everyone.
Contraception has affected women by enabling gender equity when it comes to sexual
intercourse. Women used to have to wait till marriage and when the husband wanted to have
kids to have sexual intercourse now they have more of a say in what happens.

Figure 1Contraception method commonly used by U.S. people..

In Singapore, contraception is a vital thing as regulation stated that only two kids in
one family. This is because the land of Singapore is small and limited. Thus, once the parents
managed to have two kids, they decide to do permanent methods of contraception which are
female sterilisation and male sterilisation (Vasectomy). This will work by proceed a surgery.
The surgery involves blocking or sealing the fallopian tubes, which link the ovaries to the
womb (uterus). This prevents the womans eggs from reaching sperm and becoming
fertilised. Eggs will still be released from the ovaries as normal, but they will be absorbed
naturally into the woman's body. In most cases, female sterilisation is more than 99%
effective, and only one woman in 200 will become pregnant in her lifetime after having it
done.
However, there is still some disadvantage of this type of contraception. Female
sterilisation does not protect you against STIs, so you should still use a condom if you are
unsure about your partner's sexual health. Moreover, it is very difficult to reverse a tubal
occlusion this involves removing the blocked part of the fallopian tube and re-joining the

ends, and reversal operations. Those who attempt should consider the risk. With tubal
occlusion, there is a very small risk of complications, including internal bleeding and
infection or damage to other organs. It is possible for sterilisation to fail the fallopian tubes
can re-join and make you fertile again, although this is rare (about one in 200 women become
pregnant in their lifetime after being sterilised). If you do get pregnant after the operation,
there is an increased risk that it will be an ectopic pregnancy (when the fertilised egg grows
outside the womb, usually in the fallopian tubes).
In Islamic perspective, contraception is the use of birth control methods to choose the
number and timing of children born into a family. This is including to limit the number of
children to a very small number, to distance the occurrences of pregnancies for a specific
period of time and to eliminate the possibility of having children. Contraception also is a way
of avoiding pregnancy temporarily, using either artificial methods such as condoms and birthcontrol pills or natural methods such as avoiding sex during the womans known fertile
periods.
We can see the legality since the time of prophet hood regarding the contraception.
One form of contraception was practised during the time of the Prophet (saw) while the
Quran was being revealed but neither the Quran nor the Prophet (saw) prohibited it. In
another hadith Jabir reported: We used to practise 'azl (withdrawing the male sexual organ
before emission of semen to avoid conception) during the lifetime of Allah's Messenger
(saw). The news of this practice reached Allah's Messenger (saw), and he did not forbid us.
The Prophet (saw) alsso said about contraception: There is no harm if you do not do that,
because the birth of the child is something pre-ordained.
As a conclusion, the Prophet (saw) did not prohibit contraception but he did not
encourage it as I t would be lawful for a couple to use contraceptive methods if they opt for it,
provided that it does not involve pregnancy termination and it should not be made as a
general policy of a Muslim community as it may be exploited by anti-Muslims to affect
Muslim communities and turn them to minorities. Furthermore, contraception should not be
imposed on anyone by anyone, as it is the absolute right of everyone to have children. In
addition, it should be practised only with the consent of both sides; husband and wife.