THE

OF

PHANTOM
THE

POLES

The

phantom
THE

OF

BY

WALTER

POLES

WILLIAM

S.

REED

COMPANY

ROCKEY
NEW

YORK

Copyright,

by

1906,

WILLIAM

REED

and

WALTER

Entered

ROCKEY

S.

at

Stationers'

Hall,

1906

London,

Eng.

This

MY

SYDNEY

is

Volume

Dedicated

to

GRANDSON

REED

SMITH

CONTENTS,
PAGE.

Introduction

15

General

Summary

20

"

Flattening

Earth

the

Poles

THE

AT

II

of

Length

29

Polar

of

Nights.

32

III

Working

IV

Around

of

Compass.

the

37

Curve

the

Mysteries

of

47
Polar

the

Regions
VI

The

52
It

What

Water-sky;
Is

VII

The

54
Aurora:

Its

ful
Wonder-

Variations
VIII

Meteors

65

Volcanic

or

turbances
Dis109

IX

Finding

of

Rock

in

on

and

Ice
X

XI

Dust
Open

114
in

Arctic

the

Water

at

Point

124the

North

thest
Farand

South
XII

Why

128
It

THE

Warmer

Is

Poles

Near

175
9

PAGE.

XIII

Driftwood

Whence

"

Came
XIV

196

Have

Others

Arctic
What

Es-

than

Inhabited

QUiMOs

XV

It

the

Regions?

201

Produces

Snow

IN

Colored
Arctic?.

THE

XVI

Where

Are

How

and

bergs
Ice-

Formed?
XVII
XVIII
XIX

The

Tidal

Clouds,

213

Wave

Fogs,

Arctic

232
Vapors.

and

250

Antarctic

and

Winds
XX

The

255

Centre

of

Gravity

269
.

XXI

XXII

Reach

Cannot
What
OF

In

Is
the

209

In

the
the

Earth?

Conclusion

Poles.

2^2

Interior

275
282

10

ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE.

Frontispiece

Portrait
Some

Polar

Famous

Explorers.
.

Showing

Globe,
Earth's
Planet

of

Interior

Life

27
30

in

Arctic

the

Working

of

Circle.

33

Compass.

the

41

...

View

of

No.

Water-sky,

the

i
.

View

of

No.

Water-sky,

the

The

Aurora

Borealis,

No.

The

Aurora

Borealis,

No.

Rock

55
61

2.

79
100

Ice

on

13

the

Saturn

Home
The

Portion

121

Icebergs

141

Northern

Entrance
OF

to

the

terior
In-

Earth

THE

171

Ptarmigan

177

Eider-ducks

182

How

Arctic

THE

Slaughter

Natives

Swarm

of

An

Eskimo's

Section

Seals

in

Circle

187

Auks

191

Sled
of

207
Great

the

Ice

Barrier
The

225
Penguin

Emperor

Birds-eye
TO

THE

View
Interior

of

257
the

of

the

Opening
Earth
.

II

273

"A.

G,

W.

'"

'"

Notihward.FmrlhesI

F.

Famous

Some

1 From

Gkeely,

Melville.

1 From

W.

F.

Norlh.''

A.

Stokes

Coprrithl

Hall.

Polar

Co.

Explorers.

Copyright
1807

by

Harper

19C8
"

by

Rockwood,

Brotbers,

N.

Y.

"

""
"

"""

""

"

"

"""

INTRODUCTION

volume

This
those

and

and

of

more

considered;
all.

for

Throw

locked

in

they

as

the
task

is

the

am

may

and

to

land
the

succeeded

archives

of

but

herculean;
I

tasks,
that

but

tackle;
at

giant
by

Investigation.

the

place

Prejudice
that

young

at

them
to

unknowable,
ited
inhabthat

the

Hercules

powerful

one

in

stone

which

formed
per-

likewise.

do

to

be

so

securely

realize

have

the

be

man

hope

but,

refuse

or

the

as

also

not

remain

fully

prehended.
com-

unlock

since

been

earth.

aware

giant

will

have

his

will

truths

the

or

not

will

key,

the

be

can

boastful
it

key

to

half-score

seem

hope

one

away

it, and

use

proof

hitherto

may

understood,

but

as

truths

This
when

far

so

proved,

mighty

entertain

to

amusement,

prove,

established

written

not

for

read

who

establish

is

sling

my

it is

aimed,

low

and

laid

stalwart.

General

be

MHA

i6

INTRODUCTION

The

problems

be

to

solved

lows
fol-

as

are

1.

2.

Why

is the

Why

have

the

reached
3.

is

Why

What

the

What

7.

Why

points

Aurora

produces

Borealis?

tidal

fall

meteors

the

in

long

so

and

icebergs formed,

are

near

been

farthest

the

south

is the

do

poles

never

invisible

sun

or

5. Where
6.

poles

near

north

the

at

winter

4.

flattened

earth

poles,

wave

frequently

more

whence

and

how?

they

do

come?
8.

9.

What
the

Arctic

and

calm

Why

is

Arctic
10.

Why
six

Why

ice-pressure

in

still tide

during

weather

colored

in

snow

the

region?
warmer

hundred

is ice

near

to

from

etc.

one

the

poles

thousand

than
miles

them?
in

the

filled

sand,

great

Ocean

there

is it

away
11.

the

causes

Arctic
with

Ocean

rock,

quently
fre-

gravel,

INTRODUCTION

i8

their

lives, that

and

the

world.
to

all

might

know

geography

of

this

prove

interior

sustain

to

after

"

accustomed

to

its exterior,
mankind

with

the

in New

subway
of

that

people

(if

homes

York

it be

the

find

of

build

to

The

ber
num-

comfortable

already occupied)

not

as

"

outlay

it cost

City.

can

and

accessible

made

life that

time, and

little discomfort

as

one-fourth

its

in

conditions

be

can

is not

acclimated

different

and

able

am

earth

with

man

the

suitable

but

getting

to

treasure,

be

double,

or

this

truth

wonderful

reports

that

theory

my

only hollow,

on

their

'Through

the

will

billions.
Some

said:

have

"Isn't

if

it wonderful,

true?"
I

like

am

Falls
stood

of

*'Why,

at

with
the

falling

wonderful?"
the

*'Why,"
anything

said
to

the
hinder

expresses

stranger,

As

the
he
the

waters,

it wonderful?"

asked

pitching

water

visited

friend.

''Isn't

remarked:

''What's

that

stranger

Niagara

gazing

friend

That

the

the

stranger.
like

over

"I

don't

that."
see

it."
the

whole

situation.

It

INTRODUCTION

may

many,

nothing

19

be

surprising,

and

ridiculous

or

to

hinder

seem

to

it.

others,

wonderful

but

to

see

GENERAL

20

GENERAL

and

and

clearly
another

convince

rather

than

will

the

Greely

world;

gazing

on

To

order,

and

be

may
then
these
a

the

but

mock

facts

into

the

the

future

square

he

was

home

of

old.

years

clear, concise

1 20

sister-

our

bars,

to

at

sun

into

the

the

past

Lieutenant

saw

two

explorers

look

horizontal

what

in

the

Nansen

with

present

only hollow,

When

looking

when

daughter,

ideas,

my

time

had

earth.

was

and

their

have

beholding

was

lined

sun

of

and

the

L., he

deg.

his

of

will

only hope

to

is not

earth

much

turning-point,
interior

credit

nearly all, of

all, or

spent

my

that

not;

give

quite

state

can

manner

know

is

expression.

my

that

that

have

lem,
prob-

thought

public,
I

form

the

the

in

best

out

convey

to

subject

reader

I claim

to

study

Whether

others,

the

but

able

forcibly

this

on

that

To

thing.

views

in the

expressed

be

to

is worthless

opinion

an

mistake.

great

that

it is not

because
is

SUMMARY^

conclude

To

SUMMARY

the

reader

form,

let

in
us

GENERAL

SUMMARY

whether

see

21

there

with

be

claim

the

that

anything
that

the

flicts
con-

is

earth

hollow.

Why

1.

poles
be

As

the

the

earth

is the

round,

the

is

opening

from

its
size

the

of

the

interior

the

at

it could

not

that.

Again,

would

detract

in

just

proportion

to

opening.

have

reached?

to

answer

roundness

Why

2.

is hollow,

the

to

flattened

earth

the

poles

poles

No

been

never

in

exist,

the

sense

understood.

usually

will

poles,"
however,
the

be

for

for

long

poles

time

strikes

Upon

the

the
the

one

shines
until

the

interior,

sinks

long

him

over

it strikes

squarely

and

the

the

it does

that

part

shines

down

equator

so

the

winter

the
the

near

in;

hence

not

show

into

sun

poles.

hollow,

being

the

so

ing
approach-

curve,

of

for

supposed

the

earth

way

ing
cover-

as

appear

near

obliquely

round

way

not

during

earth

work,

explorers.

sun

winter

Because

the

divers

by

in

this

sake,

from

point

"the

term,

throughout

convenience'

does

Why

3.

used

farthest

long sought

The

the
up

earth
the

sun

again
more

basin.

GENERAL

22.

Assuming

4.

what

produce
that

it is

5. We

the

farthest
must

solid,

earth,
the

one

judges.
compass.
near

falling

can

this

answer

answered.

easily

from

If

Why?

in

eruption

and

earth

question

interior

of

the
into

thrown

are

cano
vol-

Some

the

it rocks

the

near

air.
The

7.

in

the

the

does

rocks

of ; for
be

carbon

of

some

8.

dust

Ocean.

called

ask

what

it has

been

not

of

volcanic

The

is

query

Arctic

dust?
up

next

quantities

great

The

poles.

it is

is in

plored
ex-

drawing

constantly

are

no

if hollow,

have

poles?

supposed

be

that

the

when

show

to

best

to

will

can

the

resort

work

to

Meteors

the

ones

be

hollow,
We

we

will

now

is

warmer.

The

supposed
6.

earth

evidence

it refuse

Does

be

warmer.

the

the

should

interior

the

that

SUMMARY

constantly
What

shooting

that
stars.

dust

is

analyzed,

and

iron, supposed

and

found

causes

eruptions

this

the

concerning

to

this
send
One

composed
found

to

out

come

volcano.
What

Aurora

produces
Borealis

the

Aurora

is the

Borealis

reflection

of

?
a

GENERAL

SUMMARY

fire

within

23

interior

the
and

exploding

on,

so

of

absence
is due

all kinds

such

Icebergs
they

are

the
or

This

prevails

the

the

earth,

down
loose

the

to

and

reason

that

mouth

of

be

last

the

Under
be

sea,

be

those

to

the

freeze

it flows.

as

until, owing

the

bergs

are

the

inland
the

conditions,

the

ing
pass-

thawed
bergs
Ice-

ocean.

earth,

on

than

for

the

at

the

would

mouth
first to

icebergs

to

warmth

the

rains

and

of

ing
continu-

water,

warm

; hence

by

mouth

the

it is colder

terior
in-

Arctic

the

to

cold, the

formed

stream

the

it is warm,

into

washed

cannot

and

matter,

In

in summer,
and

while

Where

how?

months,

weather

warm

from

for

oils,

toning,

order.

it, freezing

over

pass

in

flowing

freezing

cano,
vol-

fires.

where

it is very

faint

vegetable

And

canyons

stream
to

next

earth,

Circle, where
the

are

formed?

of
streams

forest

burning

coloring;

of

or

The

of minerals,

only

or

burning

prairie

as

9.

"

coloring,

earth.

much

causes

the

to

the

of

igniting

containing
and

of

thaw.

could

not

formed.
10.

What

causes

tidal

waves?

Many

started

are

where

This

ocean.

else

nothing
part

of the

when

it

the

greatest

and

waves,

advance

starts

tidal
it is

hard

have

to

travel

miles

an

them

farthest.

the

the

moon

them

keeps

going;
would

they

as

more

than

one

which

is too

fast

the

start

that

believe,

creates

thousand
for

wave

water.

What

II.

Arctic

and

Two

yellow

that

density
colors

it.
to

be

it does

naturally
interior.

This
the

the

blossom

or

grow

on

not

believe
Black

consisting

that
snow

of

by

ble
vegeta-

the

such

is supposed
of

pollen
earth,

and

plant.

one

by

can

in

grow

is caused

it

snow

matter

it must

carbon

red,

with

air

with

vegetable

the

The

causes:

it falls

when

in

snow

caused

are

permeating

matter

dust,

colored

causes

region?

green,

As

and
to

hour,

It will

theory

is

What

iceberg

an

send

waves

iceberg

ocean.

the

hundredth

monster

if

commotion

because

given
one

the

conclusion

Some

but

of

into

plunges

natural

largest

produce

can

into

plunging

is

answer

commotion

the

and

formed,

were

place

the

icebergs leaving

by

they

the

of

SUMMARY

GENERAL

24

the

black

iron,

and

26

GENERAL

and

break.

must

whole

The
raft.
while
when

wind

under

little
an

but

when

in

is

moving
which

is

would

sink.
it

raised,
the

where

all

of
the

iceberg

it

keeps
the

ice,
it

else

wave,

is

therefore,

and

These

was

but

roar;

in

passed

first
into

the

with

rock,

substances
volcano

formed.
of

seasons

course,

stream

filled

ice

exploding

iceberg

during

appear,

the

an

the

reaches

by

ice,

split,

sand?

from

came

fall

is
and

gravel,

it

on.

goes

Why

14.

The

that

the

break,

must

wave

before

the

When

in

puts

with

than

lighter

but

different.

interfered

not

is

hut,
wave

force

the

This,

gale.
or

are

long

and

rise,

cannot

tidal

motion

ice-field,

the

ship

things

appearance,

is

in

monster

and

perfect

cover

felt;

wave

time

blows

different.

is
like

along
is covered,

sea

the

wind

moves

The

SUMMARY

the

near

As
year,

they
they

all. stages,

from

the

froze

until

the

ocean.

over

GLOBE

SHOWING

SECTION

EARTHS

The

earth

sought
at

the

the

interior

and

the

by

races

earth',"

new

yet

table
world,

unknown

long

so

openings

are

extremities.

continents,

Va5e

this

poles

There

southern

vast

are

in

The

phantoms.

rivers.

evident

peopled
upon

hollow.

northern

and

are

INTERIOR

is

but

are

THE

OF

In

tains
moun-

oceans,

and
and
to

animal
it is

probahly

the

dwellers

exterior.
The

life

Author.

THE

PHANTOM
THE

OF

POLES

CHAPTER

is the

Why
school-books

flattened

tell

us

hollow,

the

as

it could

not

the

just

the

and

have

hole,

hole
is

ball

the

to

from

it

not

round

of

made

be

small

however

the

size

the

cannot

in

same

interior

the

to

detract

ball

earth

the

at

proportion

opening.

round

in

and

then

this

easily answered,

is

opening

the

not

solid,

is

If the

hollow

would

earth

roundness
the

be

do

they

answered.

Our

is round,

earth

earth

question

; for

round

the

be

cannot

be

of

If

poles

; but

poles

POLES.

THE

the

the

that

the

at

AT

flat at

earth

why.

question

EARTH

teach

and

time

THE

OF

FLATTENING

I.

that

to

extent.

If
built
earth

the

just
be

be

earth
as

double,

it would

round,

have
would

there
29

it is

hollow,

or

to

be

be.
no

If

the

need

of

THE

30

this

for

book;

for

question
one

To

maybe

and

earth

could

is

had

of

its

if it

Stance,
an

miles

that

alone

would

be

is flattened
prove

that

in-

diameter.

it,

and

If

at

the

hollow,

the

be

not

yet

and

world,

flattened

is

the

earth

sufficient

the

that

within

the

fact

poles is

it is hollow,

and

and

one

that

round,

was

to

earth

the

interior,

the

to

hand,
at

world

claimed

opening

other

For

within

world

in

were

show

the

sometimes

walls.

could

on

fact,

always.

in

round

move

miles

20,000

inner

75,000

the

SATURN.

is

The

more.

poles,

will

not

Saturn

planet

settle

prove

circumstances

PLANET

The

POLES

would

time.

sufficient; but

be

THE

OF

alone

that
all

two

or

PHANTOM

refute
that
not

is

it.
the

But,
earth

sufficient

to

only

of

one

FLATTENING

evidences

the

is

earth

we

have

The

the

fact

not

of

the

earth

condition,

gives

good

It

is

but

at

only
not

the

shows

the

now

only

to

we

the

poles.
at

the

is

earth

that

favorable

absolutely

foundation

If

flattened

that

proof

be,

then

double,

is

31

evidence

flattened

earth

hollow.

or

shape

is

it

it.

other

is

it

any

for

shape

POLES

if

that,

earth

the

that

is

show

enough

why

AT

EARTH

right

the

shown

double,

start.

in

that

poles

and

to

produce

can

prove

such

THE

OF

the

to

necessary,
with

which

to

THE

Z2

PHANTOM

OF

CHAPTER

LENGTH

If
is

the

that

"

As

in

would

during
until

it got

part

of

earth

termed
in

advanced

would

be

and

day

in the
called

it for
for

the

its

real

sun

appearance

the

"

Fram

considerably

The

or,

opinion

of

farther

solid

that

the

quite,

every

Nansen

saw

what

sun,

days

was

much

must

have

since

longer

if not

the

he

as

tudes,
lati-

earth

the

several

"

that

southern

the

When

mirage

on

interior, the

nearly,

year.

as

south

of

out

shine

Were

tirely
en-

shut

directly,

the

am

seen

the

to

skies.

night.
I

be

could

he

the

months;

more

the

into

round,

sun

in

it out

shut

more

near

sion
slight depres-

enough

pole.

the

obliquely

to

winter

high

higher
one

only

being

not

sun

near

earth

required
the

the
be

the

it

I contend

the

time

winter,
be

and

"

for

strikes

poles

NIGHTS.

hollow

long

so

sun

would

POLAR

accounts

for

the

the

be

fact

visible

II.

OF

earth

POLES

THE

he

took

and

took

too

soon

pointed,
disapdrifted
his

last

LENGTH

POLAR

OF

observation.
make

If

such

would

the

of

miles

got,

That

is

into

the

be

sense;

for, in

before

in

would

in

For

than

the

to

us

air ; not

going

rises

be

solid
you

are

later

and

the

represented

farther

the

traveled

were

if

where

they

earth

but

sunk

mountain:

can

this

propound

Pole

North

on

and

The

shape.

from

sun

north

trance
en-

as

advances

one

it becomes.

deeper
Let

or

the

earth

valley,

earth,

example:

valley,

have

if the

going

point;

will

had

night.

go

they

been

distance

earlier

the

the

have

round.

deep

do

north

the

must

out

been

farther

the

farthest

the

they

same

sets

one

reach

into

they

as

longer

It has

interior, travelers

way

shutting

would

long

living

for

cause

sands
thou-

the

they

and

be

several

that

until

the

of

arrival,

heretofore,

true,

long

sun's

in the

traversing
a

could

days' drifting

months?

supposed,
one

35

several

for

sun

few

difference

not

the

NIGHTS

location

supposed
is from

straight

straight

allowing

for

to

450

up,

but

north
the

in another

problem

miles

500

on

from
natural

of

the

same

60

in the

angle

degs.

curve

the

of

tude,
latithe

f
f

36

THE

If

earth.

balloon,
each

in

red,

latitudes

southern

rise

sun

horizon

in

fact
of

to

wait

earth,
that

and

month

going

was

while
he

yet

was

he

was

going

bright
in

above

but
for
into

more

to

expect

glorious

under
north.

see

the
shall

we

that."
the

The

so

were

minutes;

few

we

second

rate.

now

should

we

bright

is, Nansen
the

is

19,
ity
veloc-

per

grand

if

that

with

feet

twilight

midday

have

at

January

wind,

nineteen

north

Nansen's

of

Friday,

to

glowing

perhaps,

sun,

375,

page

"Splendid

says:

going

about

the

in

there

year.

I,

thirteen

are

located

see

North,"
he

of

the

the

Volume

1894,

we

would

one

"Farthest

be

POLES

THE

OF

could

one

day

In

PHANTOM

The

interior
the

pression
im-

WORKING

OF

THE

COMPASS

37

CHAPTER

WORKING

If

of

the

the

OF

compass?
a

let the

drop
and

the

the

begins,
60

to

follow

rise

poles

which

degs. latitude,

to

north,
the

it stood

on

at

glass

work

like

the

it not

do

as

the

soon

about

probably

the

compass

top,

will

to

do

or

as

55

will

try

so,

will

far

as

permits.

Greely proved
suspended

As

and, in order

glass

adjustment

is

and

the

to

should
?

self,
him-

it north,

tip

will

why

will

needle

rise

compass

the

near

to

York,

New

same

curve

the

If

The

it will

soon

compass

Then

can.

quickly

top.

in

that

it

as

how

see

at

far

as

as

satisfy

any

south.

thing
any-

needle

To

take

the

that
the

can.

expected

knowing

turn,

it

reader

is

knows

to

as

it toward

tip

what

Anyone

compass

far

as

up

COMPASS.

THE

hollow,

ship begins

tip

be

earth

about
as

III.

an

that

when

untwisted

the

needle

silken

pointing nearly straight

up.

was

thread,
That

latitude

at

was

would
be

be

the

by

see

of

if the

fault

the

compass

is

suppose,

for,

to

had

had

to
one

it

well

Creator;

be

of

that
and

was

universe,

the

claimed

the

needle

did.

if, in

about

His

fact
some

arguments
is hollow;

earth

supposed
that

if the

would

not

seems,
turns

compass,

great

given

The

What

powerful

say

and

as

the

to

be

If it

halt

to

work,

defective

the

to

that

it

trolled
con-

accurately.

pointed

as

the

strongest

substantiate

nothing

earth:

would

is

needle,

not

the

hollow,

therefore,
be

it should

as

elsewhere.

theory

pointed

to

is hollow,

it is better

not

of

the

was

have

earth

of

works

does

it could

north,
earth

be

one

of

laws

right,

seem

in favor

north.

differently,

the

in order

not

that

the

at

point

just

magnetic

or

one

when

does

would

wrong.

compass,

and

what

the

worked

if it worked

been

just

nearly

that

it

degs.

90

farthest

needle

and

have

is

POLES

; at

were

explanation

the

have,

degs.

they

at

or

THE

OF

That
if

expected

On

85

erect.

turning,

out

PHANTOM

THE

38

proofs

sary
neces-

Man

truth.

the

making
to

an

wisdom,

AUwise
it

was

WORKING

OF

made

THE

double,

wise

Greely's trip

observation
if

see

we

If

but,

of

and

would

be

while

"

Greely

on

says

of

declination

greater
not

pass
soon

toward

position
in

half-way
would

or

then
did

What

up.

it

127:

page

uninitiated

object

feet

needle

straight

the

will

exact

is

The

curve.

do?

the

individual

"

round

head

the

to

north

down

your

has

sailing

be

to

fact,

north,

point

does

and

hollow,

seems

course

or

to

the

that

this

have

the

be

earth

your

the

duct
con-

friend

interior, and

ship

and

faithful

gradually

the

unruly

the

the

such

the

"For

for

you

toward

around

needle,

point north,

into

magnetic

sail

farthest

when

here

right

you

that

south

every

that

matter

holding

the

to

servant

the

as

poses,
pur-

little metal

direction

paid

note

us

the

proved

man.

In

some

scientific

was

account

can

this

always

note

Let

of

of

that

for

was

for

was

attention

it.

of

branch

the

it

hollow,

or

great

be

39

purpose.

As

in

COMPASS

it should

be

said

these

readings

was

of the

magnetic

needle.

part

point

of

the
to

world

the

the

to

pass
com-

geographical

and

pole,
the

PHANTOM

THE

40

the

pole,' is only

difference

place

For

points
is said

the

to

W.

Fort

At

be

needle

the

by

direction.

fro

various

1882,

the

netic
mag-

the

and

west

degs.

100

known
in

even

calm

restless,

As

in

were

fixed, illumined,

to

but

are

swung

which

way,
me

to

and

outlined

glass scale,

zontal
hori-

what

uneasy

clearly

twisted
un-

Conger,

at

days,

right

of

any

on

impressed

it swung

magnet,

fibre

single

magnet,

not
as

times

small

feeling quite foreign

uncanny

movements

degs.

readily

This

quiet,

never

technically

at

when

135

silk, swings

and

and

being

magnetometer

freely suspended

to

the

be

to

declination

to

tion
declina-

the

west,

in

ally
actu-

where

between

pointed

pole

degrees

degs. W.,

Conger,

the

W.

I3min.

was

in

southwest,

the

southwest,

true

90

is

needle

the

to

The

geographical

instance,

the

to

to

pointing

any

is measured

west.

or

"In

of

which

to

and

points,

needle

simile.

the

quarter

needle

the

as

inaccurate

between

the

east

an

declination

magnetic

and

'true

saying,

POLES

THE

OF

which

with

an

my

ture.
na-

left, its
on

served

THE

42

shows

PHANTOM

tendency

strong

At

position.
needle

would

be

inclination

made

What
much

emotions
in

said,

we

takes

it down,

draws
round

act

in

the

curve

there

no

it up,

is

gravity
result

must

is

gravity

shows

fall; but

enough

to

in

overcome

the
when

perpendicular

the

net
mag-

conflict

The

As

soon

the

magnet
the

while

south.

stronger,

gravity,

both

ity
grav-

north,

needle.

the

earth,

the
or

it

entering

constant

pulling down,
restless

laws

while

to

poles.

gravity

is

of the

swings

one

down,

haps
per-

the

magnet

true

and

because

conflicting

forcing

Let

assumes

nearing

interior

be

it

why

the

he

as

position.

position,

When

needle

the

needle

pulled

the

to

pulls

must

are

harmony.

draws

the

and

ed
suspend-

it would,

position

so

ant
unpleas-

was

level

when

level

the

needle

tell

position

the

restless?
such

Greely

that

then

can

different
It

it takes

why

the

Conger

so

latitudes

nearly

assume

see

us

middle

the

right
up-

degs.

90
at

needle

If that

of

an

85 degs."

it caused

that

so

POLES

assume

while

erect,

that

to

dip

about

was

THE

OF

as

needle

is strong
needle

position, or

is

point,

WORKING

the

to

THE

OF

here
be

Fort

had

have

could

have

this

witness
could

would

not

into

have

pointed

phenomenon,
be

of

one

hollow.

Happily,
witnesses

enough

remain

If

the

earth

be

needle

is

needle

is still "true

speak

would

not

and

the

can't.

is, but

thread,
I

then

you

gave

pointed

the

ship

down,

straight

me

better
up,

or

to

where

you

me

do

loyal

am

show

or

little

friend,

"My

me

yet

if it could

suspended

you

equally

interior, the

hold

you

is

spared

Poll," and

gladly

lishing
estab-

case.

harshly:

would

out

earth

of

and

said:

so

When

silken
and

me

north

to

have

judge

you,

in the

half-way

the

our

hollow,

strange

turns

be

prove

cordingly,
Ac-

for

that

could
to

as

number

the

did.

compass,

fact

great

strong

it

witnesses

best

our

the

balky

or

by

needle

the

or

as

case

that

"

regarded

was

supposed

shown

and

hollow,

at

in this

Compass

be

not

all

as

too

needle

the

court,

Mr.

"

witness

defense

done, the

what

to

If

nesses
wit-

own

"

worked,

come

earth

case

impeached.

Conger

it should

Nature's

our

proves

to

43

of

One

north.

strong

COMPASS

so

on

I
a

chance,

nearly

THE

44

south,

was

north,

which

pulled

have

the

colored

snow,

earth

have

does

mind

of

to

"

to

the
heard
had

east.

of

and

several

degs.

natural
super-

it always

as

relief

of
his

an

the

aide:

24th
six

the

just

needle

remarkably

extremity

pointed
ever

inclination.'

same

he

"

o'clock,
has

of

and,

inclinations

needle.

the

said, 'There

remember

Nansen

19,

little after

degs.,

other
At

and

inclination

I cannot

such

why

and

November

was

its northern

enough,

and

natural,

i8

pages

twenty-four

ing
flatten-

body.

supper

singular

the

inclination

it

Arctic

the

found,

we

waves,

open

poles,

Johansen,

quite alarmed,
been

of

teries
mys-

tidal

understanding,

the

day
in

to

II,

Speaking

came

way

and

about

"One

been

great

icebergs,

the

at

not

with

Volume

writes

end

hollow,

the

aurora,

giving

to

opposite

other

as

all

south,

the

poles

comes

the

the

warmer

of

In

of

as

ice-pressure,
Ocean,

POLES

the

or

earth

solution

such

"

the

the

treating

By

THE

down."

needle

the

OF

was

that

for

so;

PHANTOM

having
He

of

to

about

time, through

also
teen
fif-

the

WORKING

OF

into

Opening
it

that
and

was

that

the

out

of

the

ship,

but

the

only

that

in

and
Nansen's

of

west,

have

needle
it

where

might

assume

one.

locate
north

could

if not

arti

the
should

through

loss

any

from

needle

earth

attraction

entirely

the

earth,

which

it

where

does

that

then

the

would

angle

an

Unless

on

thread,

but

know

the

moves

be

it

itself ?

seems

right

it may

the
to

attraction

be.
north
is derived

what
If

it gets

influence
me

to

needle

attracted

beyond

from

the
where

whatever

or

influence
the

to

more.

to

that

magnet,
this

with

was

on

position

attraction

the
"

at

clinatio
in-

independently,

move

any

unusual

time

compass

suspended

was

It

sky.

it

that

at

the

put

the

usual.'*

as

location

aurora,

connected

way

forty-five degs.,

the

Why

some

the

not

probably

this

Lights, though

Northern

east

the

that

if it

through

covered

then,

appear,
was

the

discerned

in

ice
as

No

moonlight.
be

doors,

visible

plainly

as

was

clouds

would

noticed

he

observatory
light

could

however,

45

unusually

full

been

thick

his

not

distance,

had

COMPASS

THE

its
of

it mast,
terminate

If

the

the

is

or

betwixt

the

fully

into
I

have

been
stand

to

south,

as

needle

at

it

draws

or

end

The

pole
a

weak

to

the

or

do

makes

or

The

of

the

to

force
and

the

vacillating

or

assume

an

of

magnetic

the

pass
com-

north

restlessness

disappearing,

opposite

pass
com-

poles?

end,

be,

may

for,

the

farther,

other

the

near

passing

position?

one

case

accounted

one-half

Hence

the

in

magnetic

the

at

judge

to

causes

perpendicular

position.

upright

hard

can

earth.

what

causing

down,

thus

asked

draws

pole

that

operate
the

erect

opposite

is

should

influence

assume

Until

it

of

half-way

centre

the

entering

edges?

needle
interior

what

to

POLES

attraction

the

earth

it drawn

outer

the

is

the

determined,

the

how

of

THE

OF

hollow,

edge

interior,

be

be

earth

around

it

PHANTOM

THE

46

the
is

poles

it

drawing
leaving

work

of
needle.

the
both.

AROUND

THE

CURVE

47

CHAPTER

IV.

AROUND

In

round

passing

the

interior

for

some

of

made

earth.

question

absurd

to

many;

is

water

of

centre

with

is

gravity
draws,

does.

that
the

water

there

is

at

interior

form,

to
no

the

of
or

of

the

earth,

Take

and

see

acts

magnet,
if there

one
any-

it draws

turning

bent
be

in
any

that

force

being spilt.

like

that

I know

such

the

that

ether

or

it be,

its

heavy,

earth

do

with

at

curve,

ance
in accord-

Whether

air

nor

the

'*up''or

is

the

in the

earth

danger

is to

water

Whatever

the

While

not.

its level, yet

in

know,

not

the

seems

earth.

something

I do

repels,

the

something

or

is

As

it to

of

nature

everything

weight

forces

gravity

it

water

edge

is all there

affects

its

how

that

seeks

and

gravity
and

"down,"

of

difficult

seems

the

on

but

liquid

it

understand

stay

into

leading

curve

earth,

to

to

CURVE.

the

the

people

be

can

THE

into

large
a

ity
Gravthe

net.
mag-

circular

difference

THE

48

inside

outside.

or

OF

The

attraction

show

the

either

side.

On

PHANTOM

to

am

be

about

80

September
us

say,

go

on

this

At

or

latitude

ice and

in

home

best, if things

now

shall

we

"A

secret

reasoning.

doubting

to

getting

over

the

driftwood."

But

(Page

Whenever
interior

it.

the
of

the

of

out
more.

doing

are

all

the

the
I

nearer

there
that

the

is

no

Siberian

303.)

explorers
earth,

degs.

years.

no;

of

in

though

theory,

in

it, with

behind

my

evidence

80

two

they

as

we

pole

of

or

eight

seemed

is, let

getting

lurked

doubt
It

side

as

in

in

and

at

of

on

go

If
the

at

month

home

I defended

longer
came

be

be

other

prospect

some

is
now

; that

months

the

on

are

fifty, months,

hundred

this

months.

five

if

latitude,

degs.

shall

we

say

one

or

probably
the

rate

on

writes:

I think

north

for

same

We

in 79

were

will

calculation,

matters.

degree

forty-five,
ninety

into

degs.

we

one

at

north

of

state

the

again

perfectly honest,

wretched
in

be

Nansen

^'Taking everything

POLES

experiment

to

396

page

THE

as

pass

they

into
have

the
been

THE

so

Greely's
passing

round

"The

had

not
over

strong,

earnest

best

each

seized

projecting

in

landscape

sight,
for

If

which
caused

would

greater
other
around

place;
the

find

and

farthest

which

see

what

at

times

always

be

to

and

new

pleasure

our

yet

was

of

the

zon
hori-

disappointment."

of

the
the

poles

were

be
seemed

tering
en-

earth,

they
has

earth

than

point north,
would

yond
be-

was

as

they passed

as

at

lands,
head-

high

portion

that
the

near

the

companions

interior

certainly

reached
another

his

the

curve

certain

and

Greely
into

off

neared

we

in advance

ever

cut

As

found

we

the

forward

reached,

point

unalloyed,

and

to

intense

so

Each

painful.

point

of

spur

civilized

trodden,

press

all.

us

eagerness

became

to

now

traveling.

were

desire

gait

our

not

we

feet

had

was

of

eye

his

is

earth

we

journey

nor

which

ground

the

which

The

seen,

of

265,

with

intensified.

greatly

of

our

POLES

page

clear

interest

pursued

on

curve

and

good

deep

hitherto

our

the

THE

OF

description,

exceedingly

man

PHANTOM

at

any
or

over

each

jection
pro-

followed
to

take

by
in

THE

AROUND

of

part

CURVE

51

horizon.

the

This

is

just

what

they experienced.
''1

extremely

am

understand

how

neighbor

hills,

least

at

them

cuts

with

in vain,

for

hills

is

It

discharge

into

the
feed

'

Bender."

cided

; for

that
of

those

^
or

fiord

earth,
when

low

the
hills

would

passing

up

range
break.

tant,
dis-

excellent
the

same

must

It is

way.

be

but

glaciers

the

among

those

that

have

water

extending
and

height,

miles

with

some

on

the

by

seen

the

reach

from

the

the

opposite
into

there.

Hazen

de-

clusion
con-

side

bay

some

interior

Lake

was

easily
to

come

discharged
into

earth

been

have

would

he

an

low

409.)

would

that

hollow,

was

lying

may

known

Greely

in

lakes

they

(Page

Had

I
i

that

nine

the

lake

in

like

to

glass

evident

possible they
hills, and

the

used

Lynn

result.

telescope

of

entire

the

looking

seven

plus
sur-

Hazen,

telescope

but

the

feet

Lake

anything

were

and
one.

from

the

their
line

hundred

two

off

scanned

The

well-marked

water.

its

and

discharge

east

"to

added,

Glacier

Gilman

the

to

he

puzzled/'

of

the

only

THE

52

PHANTOM

CHAPTER

MYSTERIES

OF

Besides

the
of

finding
mysteries
with

in

the

the

few

work

"That

culled
will

with

thirteen

yet

drifting south;
or

is

now.

Curious

at
moon

the*

moon's
stands

daylight

now,

little

be

too.

in

more

Nature.

the

present

the

or

farther
of

this?

just

day

again

and

be

north

degs.

quarter.

even

to

seem

reason

sky,

persistent,

every

of

of

the

nine

80

to

393

not

it should

change

the

minutes

pressure

that

high

in

few

can

There

of

phasis
em-

page

still

do

we

lie

we

even

What

north.

is

Arctic
an

by

for

velocity

feet, but

latitude,

suffice

met

pretend

not

from

wind

north

sometimes

all

propounded

instances

Nansen's

of

laying

do

other

are

accounts

they

riddle

of

phenomena

narratives

since

^that is, the

"

accounts

"

writers

the

noteworthy

REGIONS.

mystery

pole

their

on

great

published

exploration,

solve

POLAR

strange

or

POLES

V.

THE

the

THE

OF

occur

The
there

is

MYSTERIES

"Friday,

north

few

minutes
in

since

the

clouds

there

and

has

the

at

we

the

last

current?

south

was

in

northerly
powers

ones.

of

some

the

ice

we

are

It

kind

air,

got

so

in

of

at

the

to

winds

is

our

spite
that

seem

be

or

way,

influence

and

would

that

south,

southerly

now

must

of

that

we

thing,

have

the

the

of

the
in

shove
face

very

as

of

under

come

the

winds

appearance

wind
of

remarkable

where

the

south

That

lately

and

Friday,

it,

haziness

drift

come

something

Is

from

been

preventing
have

this.

along

have

we

last

is

deg.

80

northerly

There

all

thought

since

constant

about

shows

that

so

north

Monday.

singular

Hurrah!

to-day

of

53

"

latitude,

spite

REGIONS

i6th.

observ^ation

min.

that

POLAR

February

meridian

THE

OF

work."

maining
re-

of

the

new

THE

54

PHANTOM

CHAPTER

THE

In
the

water-sky,

well

point

to

earth's

anything

the

sky,

when
as

as

certain
is

earth

however,
as

Circle, is

easily

vicinity

condition:

the

surface

of

the

but

cause;

how

know

for

it

that

of

the

or
our

trance
en-

is

earth

to

is

The

accurately.

interior

plained,
ex-

doubtedly
un-

why,

purposes,

positively

does

mirror.

show
of

reflection

The

not

they

atmosphere

the

to

believe

to

what

in that

tell; it is sufficient

cannot

case.

the

the

To

skies

portance
im-

the

Arctic

the

the

more

when

reflected

to

act

in

the

mirror

Something,

causes

act

from

be

of

be

people

most

young

seen

peculiar.

very

first to

at

different

or

new

is of

sky

on

it will

reflection

the

seems

reports

ice-bHnk,

that
in

IS.

IT

different

the

or

it is for

taught

were

in

the

surface

hard

in

WHAT

out

than
How

VI.

water-sky:

presenting

POLES

THE

OF

the

that

the

ice, water,

sky

reflects

and

land

the
would

tions
condinot

PHANTOM

THE

S8

of

fancy

reliable:
that

that

the

reflected

in the

burning

volcano,

interior

the

there

must

south

and

be

"In

of

water-sky,
which
so

is

or

it.

it is

It is

can

over

I cannot

land.

dark

the

at

rate

defined
it must

land

hardly

so!

the
that

and

"

on

reflection

and

remains

that
But

be

just

off, and
of

either

be

have

we

course

way

sky,

continues:

that

it be

in

in

supposition

horizon

our

the

lanes

correct,

any

help thinking

May

forest-fire

or

be

to

on

good

from

come

of

"

sharply

so

immovable

water
on

or

claim

the

judge by

II, he
us

skies

the

must

number

Volume

front

it.

fire underneath,

"To

proved

233,

curately
ac-

so

earth.

southwest,"

afterward
page

and

adds

also

sky

supports

prairie-

the

the

in

understand

great

surface

whenever

fact

sky,

of

Nansen

in

seen

is

aurora

absolutely

the

can

This

overcast.

are

of

anyone

is

fact, and

explorers

being

is reflected

water-sky

POLES

fixed

as

condition

that

THE

northern

upon

the

country

The

that

things

depend

always

but

explorer,

one

the

of

one

OF

small
it must
between

the

over

bears
water

extent;
be

over

us,

to

THE

WATER-SKY:

judge

WHAT

the

by

there

sky,

Nansen

his

and

endeavoring

were

sky

59

be

to

seems

as

plenty

It

water

mentions
were

that

so

progress

obliged

were

in

and

just

would.

the

wise

considering
the

Aurora

that
interior

Borealis,

opinion
or

that

about

ice, while

their

they
them,

land

and

indicated

that

they

us

the
there

of

that, instead

the

there

the

through

the

on

is

to

so

be

is

an

tricity.
elec-

difference

no

reflection
is

earth,

it

earth,

supposed

and

lanes

around

is fire

of

he

times

flash

there

the

found

tell

men

It is strange

water,

sky

of

retarded

miles

flames

When

heavens,

in

as

variably
inof

the

Many

go

in

And

this

they

directions

those

water,

to

water,

appearance

after

much.

very

or

They

sky.

ahead.

earth

that

numerous

ice,

condition

the

soon

the

openings

the

upon

the

on

of

be

to

in the

determine

ice

or

happened

reflected

to

water,

representing

depended

sky

Johansen,

appearance

whether

lanes,

ice, were

the

the

by

ahead.

was

many

the

companion,

determine

to

land

of

IS

lanes."

of

or

IT

much

of

land,
about

is

happens

one

error

the

could

arise

about

the

from

Nansen

of his

he

water-sky

Why

is it

it is, all the

some

of
and
for

if

even

way

it

of

size

on

as

the

clearly.
hundreds

some

in

seen

it?

do

we

again

the

over

earth,

surface
It is such
years

and
of
a

the

says

the

south.

But

there
for

us

it very

reach

not

again, looking

and

; for

mirror,

of

out,

alluring goal

sky, extending

interior

cerning
con-

Volume

In

us.

gone

an

beautiful

hope."

us

imparts

reach

and

of

one

nothing

knew

and

be

is to

see

blue

no

reflection

enlighten

has

We

so

fire.

says:

same,

for,

make

that

the

to

cannot

we

being

hollow.
to

who

same

fact

what
is that

its

they

being

^'Johansen,

the

that

ambitions

261,

II, page

The

idea

water-sky,

restless

soon.

the

there

to

as

aurora

of

from

proceeds
the

the

think

POLES

why

opinion

fire, as

earth

THE

reason

of

to

arose

entertained

to

of

reflections

the

causes

This

only

difference

any

no

the

Perhaps

fire.

OF

PHANTOM

THE

6o

it is the

us

the

act

to

reflects

true

to

entrance

seems

the

color

earth

in

objects
plainly

mirror

people living

that
there

WATER-SKY.
Here

is

earth,

another
water,

view
and

showing
ice

is

how

reflected

the
as

surface

in

of

mirror.

the

WATER-SKY:

THE

those

or

WHAT

going

is reflected

what

Another
on

the

writes

152,

seemed

broken

interior

it

of

condition
of
of

the

who

nacchi,
Antarctic
of

water

made

strongly

the

marked

we

reached

the

65 deg.

33

above

sky

almost

tirely
en-

the

how

pearance
ap-

the

dition
con-

ice.

two

to

years

that,

in

Berin

the

ing
speak-

had

storm

efforts
which

was

Vater-sky'
evening

Toward

the

in reference

declares

the

east,

the

the

nearly

Antarctic
noon

the

by

determines
and

strenuous

to

of

skies, and

water

regions,

"Before

in

me

quoted

latter

spent

the

back

extension."

the

the

and

this, however,

explorers

of

face

earth

from

have

Arctic

of

of

its

south,

beyond

its continued

Heretofore,

Kane,

surface

the

till far

glare

or

expect.
north,

piles

Still

blink

from

the

to

hidden

was

hill.

showed

we

"as

rubbish,

white

the

that

with

rock-stained

the

the

from

tell

to

to

of

receded

glacier

slope

what

just

explorer

page

learn

there,

63

IS

IT

open

min.

sea,

S.

of

passed,

to

some

indicated
in

that

the

next

being
and

reach

then

and

by

tion.
direc-

day,
in latitude

longitude

165

THE

64

deg.

min.

48

from

rose

pack
very

nearly

been

six

the

of

tons

(Page
This

is

as

the
in

nearly

had

we

those

during

with

coal,

of

now

position

burnt

sea

dred
hun-

one

result."

little

60.)
assures

in

seen

Arctic.

mirror

had

the

were

and

from

edge

the

We

before,

we

swell
of

at

F.

same

weeks

weeks

F.

deg.

30

temperature

deg.

29

to

six

the

was

POLES

THE

OF

There

E.
and

north,

the

PHANTOM

us

the

that

of

both

the

it

causes

circles,
earth

sort

same

regions

Antarctic

Something
in

the

in

and
the

reflects

sky.

as

to

act

the

of

sky

in

the

as

dition
con-

66

THE

directions,

many
few

then

place,

one

fresh

as

down,

wonderful

think

many

in

many

as

brightest
the

least.

been

has

aurora

reason,

the

to

They
on

the

with
and

will

not

the

least.

the

claim

the

the

aurora

of

aurora

uous
conspic-

most

that

For

will

be

show

given
it

how

to

peared
ap-

it.

to

or

the

years

solved.

be

was

aflfected

not

the

to

imagination,
in

discovered

was

space

nearest

surely

statements

hollow,

be

mainly

those

it

of

to

sky,

it

thousands

considerable

subject,

in the

theory

was

one

mysteries

the

rejected by all, as

when

For

pictured

it

needle

the

the

seen

the

as

cases

that

that

that

soon

produce

agree

fire

be

dying

now

have

Many

would

by

that

all

anew,

up

must

anew,

first

burning

reached,

efifect, as

electricitywould

was

in

is

tlie
in

changes

shooting

representing

as

one

and

another,

does.

aurora

and

roving

exploding

now

aurora

the

of

reflection

the
All

material

moved

searchlight,

throw

fire, then,

POLES

THE

OF

miles.

many

great

is

or

inches, will

light

PHANTOM

accused
of

When

coloring
read

that
is

ing
of draw-

the

their

in

nection
con-

earth

produced

by

is
a

THE

AURORA

burning

volcano,

forest-fire,

different

entertained

earth
the

especially

depended
when
Men

ice,

water,

open

embark

who
such

whale,

and

bear,

unless

the

conditions

is
the

If

skies.

wherein

the

aurora,

be

To

call

fire

in

to

the

other
the

advance

to

that

they
as

equally

of

the

fire, like
clear?

as

mock

or

sun,

the

change

not

in

see

mirror,

great

aurora,

does

name,

suits,
pur-

conditions

not

an

ahead.

seal, walrus,

acts

the

in

tell them
lies

what

reflected

fact

least.

hunter,

Suppose

locating

musk

skies, should

morning

noted

etc., would

ice, water,

any

sky

the

long

favorable:

be

by

the

be

can

land

attempt

determined

always

of

have
to

the

never

nection
con-

dangerous

hunting

as

be

is, reflected

whalers

upon

"

for

surface

the

or

in

known

been

or

will

taken

reflection

the

upon

when

that

earth,

aurora

be, and

can

correctly

so

the

that

prairie-

of the

has

years

ocean

sky

of

what

of
or

interior

view

with
hundreds

extensive

an

in the

"

wholly

67

BOREALIS

in

see

the

ox

same

accustomed
the

by
herd

of

way.

for

reflection
reindeer
What

years

in the
some

would

68

THE

if he

he

do

he

take

wanted

his

he

up

by calling

name?

other

The

the
did

when

they

Let
Aurora
as

take

reflection

reflection

by

he

would

forest-fire,

the

burning

fire

or

fact

of

considerable

time

Antarctic

northern

in

frozen

order

to

solid

If

sky

reflected

be
is

or

that

by quoting
have

who

of

verge

the

regions.
or

those

country,
tell

whether

or

the

on

the

than

and

those

by

the

prairie-

proved

whalers,

that

frozen
the

be

the

that

kind,

some

spent

sky

will

of

Polaris,

volcano,

made

in

was

less

nor

observations

game

is

ject
sub-

aurora

I contend

more

from

The

all

this

on

Aurora

called.

is the

and

what

question

the

such

Arctic

some

of

thing

the

up

nothing
of

then

know

writers

or

it is sometimes
is

the

what

Borealis,

aurora

is!"

and

nomenon!
phe-

it.

saw

now

us

it

know

not

them,

strange

strangest

explorers

Would

stalk

to

what

No;

it meant.
that

''What

wonder

wind

out

POLES

them

at

start

say:

THE

OF

shot

and

gun

would

or

PHANTOM

whitish

covered

look

gray,

with

seek

into

the

ice

the

whether
there

that

is

openings.

are

the

ice;

surface
if

there

of

patches

be

of

condition
If that

can

it can,

why

appears

to

in

appeared

and

the

higher

reads

red

to

those

as

it is

of

his

"Owing

latitudes,

the

horizon,

conflagration.

they

dark

the

that
case

across

sky,

beneath?

story

mighty

from

color

one

in

dart

to

resembled

Higher

in

one

reflection

great

the

fire

what

see

in

Bernacchi's

In

proved

doubt

true

as

been
we

can

exploration,

the

and

be

must

is

away.

burning

person

another.

flames

fire

there

Antarctic
to

be

tell the

to

miles

it has
when

we,

openings

able

are

many

and

cannot

reflection

same

earth

done,

reasonable

No

they

the

be

that

know

blue, they indicate

Thus,

ice.

in the

69

BOREALIS

AURORA

THE

changing

rose,

of

variety

every

shade."
You

note

''flames

horizon,

he

that

that

appeared

and

resembled
That

People

visiting

have

pole

the

location

any

world;

the

told, heat,

the

are

the

air

same.

no

other

wet,
Then

gration."
conflait

what

part
the

why

was.

the

nearest

great

as

the

across

mighty

just

was

them

dart

to

experienced
with

compared

describes

change
of

dry,

the
and

should

THE

70

PHANTOM

electricity or
there
one

falling

than

THE

be

stars

elsewhere?
the

answer:

OF

POLES

more

lent
preva-

There

exploding

is but

volcano

duces
pro-

both.
On
o'clock

in the

time

the

The

light
from
the

to

the

and

to

first time,

depths

What

there
of

further

is

the

display

could
volcano

we

have

earth.

italics

another

light
search-

from

the

in

adds:

the
who

one

convince

He
very

Seen

sight,

burning

earth?
was

suddenly

earth

more

subsequently

some

Here

the

towards

along

run

great

some

the

curtain,

the

wondrous

like

of

then

the

was

of infinity' (the

quotes).

with

it

appeared

me

motion,

tain
cur-

round

went

would

toward

directed

that

times

downward

for

waving

constituting

at

Fahr.

motion

The

undulating

an

shoot

and

ing
dur-

temperature

and

southeast

beams,

rapid

with

in

southwest.

March

degrees

first emanated
the

arrow-like
was

sixteen

being

of

nine

Polaris

the

weather,

"At

15th

first Aurora

our

clear, calm
at

writes
of the

evening

witnessed

we

Bernacchi

92,

page

one

the

terior
in-

"This

compared

poor

witnessed."

great

proof

that

THE

AURORA

the

BOREALIS

is not

aurora

in

terrible

and

storms

storms,

the

aurora

in

Bernacchi

Adare

Cape
the

the
it

and

the

was

aurora

very

always

manifested

display,

direction

same

author

''But
the

be

what

S.

E.

most

This

brilliant
not

was

repeatedly
natural

exploded

mere

observed."

result

on

130:

page

interest
the

exist

E.

if

Would

rapid

between
ances.
disturbS.

auroral

coincidence,
What
tremendous
it not

E.

and

by

display.
but

would
volcano

force

in
nection
con-

invariably preceded
and

in
form.

was

from

one

comes

same

aurora

gale

tofore,
hereat

atmospheric

strong
almost

the

to

an

were

occur

greatest

appeared

in exactly

always

in

south,

claimed

again,

the

approaching

was

the

it

to

it

but

of

of

in

itself

and

was

which

observed

apt

asserts,

observation

it and

generally

been

as

deg.

71

If

has

as

another,

at

as

The

to

(latitude

manner/'

it would

the

refers

again

rarely

north,

same

electric

place

terrible,

so

"At

185)

not

occurs

weather.

129

page

it

electricity; for

in clear, calm
On

71

out

be

fact
the
had

strong

PHANTOM

THE

y2

wind?

not,

for

wonder.
o'clock

lo

continues
and

luminous

only

of

streamers

and

the

whole

and

rapidity

leaving
embers

of

one

on

but

the

matter

of

we

origin!"

usually
simply

this

with

fire.

the
"in

an

hour,

like

the

dying

in

of

almost

adds:

''How

the

he

has

aurora

direction,
manner

its

of

nature

description

its usual

more

comparison

the

same

in

mine,

one

Yet,

that

like

are

but

Bernacchi

this

from
says,

is

general

fact

brilliancy

about

page,

the

the

away,

quotation,

therein

understand
In

the

Href'

breath,

same

sky

preceding

aurora

little

in

in

italics

instance

motion
the

for

faded
its

ever,
how-

This,

phase,

lost

in

by

manner

display
of

dazzling
fested
first mani-

north.

the

3d

visible/'

and

usual

cause

June

gradually

great

the

was

transient

glow

The

the

in

display
was

the

the

of

w^as

''it

if it

great

evening

spectacle,

in

POLES

occur;

been

aurora

Bernacchi;

itself

flow

have

grand

incomparable

did

says

in the

exceedingly

an

he

would

there

had

"At

what

just

"

THE

OF

ognized
rec-

comes

and

by

he

lumi-

PHANTOM

THE

74

two

in the

north

would

reflection
which

I quote

which
the

sun,

of

sight

that

be

for

it

only

was

lit

fire

ice.

of

winter

night,

of

one

in

so

rather

w^as

that

we

than

we

soon

days

some

one

must

of
have

thought.
discovered

yet,

pain,

of

drifted
So
that

it

was

to

by

ance
appear-

the

ought
it

but

long
be

to

not

was

expected

not
so

the
the

above

after

had

an

given

impression

We

case.

my

Life

excitement

jubilant

it for

see

the

we

by

first

the

that

pened,
hap-

According

Arctic.

travelers

394

mirage.

just

many

of

the

south,

produced

descriptions

God

been

correct,

enthusiastic

this

have

midday

the

of

look-

thing

more

was

the

of

edge

outermost

one

page,

about

to

glowing

those

as

the

another

peculiar impression

fire,

case.

that

or,

the

in

noteworthy

was

sun,

of

image

the

from

another

''To-day

the

been

have

Nansen

was

looking north,

one

exactly

was

saw

the

; to

POLES

would

reflection

the

.ing south,

To

it?

described

men

THE

exactly

been

have

it not

would

it

If

Pole.

South

the

ward

OF

my

to

feeling

disappointment,
farther
with

it could

south

pleasure
not

be

the

THE

AURORA

sun

itself.

BOREALIS

75

The

mirage

glowing

red

at

was

first

flat-

fire

on

'

tened-out

later

horizon;
above

one

the

or

over

length,

as

if

dull

square

streaks

red

saw

the

it

was

I think
he

far

he

describes

of

the

ice"

north.
have

"

never

describes

in

square,

what

he

he

have

not

being

You

"just

is, looking

sun,

if visible

opposite

but
he

saw

always
as

at

get

note

that

the

edge
the

all, would

direction;
round.
square

not

to

toward

at

simply

interior

that

the

been

had

ship
the

days.

does

mirage

in

days

following

two

volcano.

as

itself ;

it three

saw

was

saw

volcano

the

into

The
been

that

enough

it

dark

claimed

as

this

afterward

His

of

glimpse

imagine

that

days.

three

equal

horizontal

it could

that

lines

imagined

the

or

see

Nansen

was

inasmuch

mirage,

drifted

it

could

all of

What

states,

proves

last

with

mirage.

succession,
This

only

but

sun,

neither.
as

could

it/'

tween;
be-

horizontal
and

sun

the

space
I

maintop

another,

one

across

he

and,

one

the

streaks,

dark

five, such

even

directly

the

of

two

were

other, with

from

and

four,

there

streak

it is
"He

fire, and

76

THE

afterward

yesterday
again;

was

If

it ?

light

this

interior.

third

of

earth

or

the

as

call

point

how

of

of

heifer

He

then

is

one

old

cow.

interior

the

said

"I

and

another

The

exact

always

be

location
a

the

earth,

fire

was

sibly
pos-

in

so

in

still

think

to

believe

has
a

some

may

call

others

asked

was

she

becomes

for

moment,

I know,

dividing
When

It

earth.

as

three-year-old

of the

on

mine,
deter-

to

four-year-old

question.

is

one

on

who

one-

or

when

gradual

it

why

reason

is difficult

is when

don't

has

what

half-way

farmer

the

neighbors

my

sun,

interior, while

stopped
:

the

condition

Just

farther

much

reminds

in.

curve

point

one

398.)

no

been

way

in the

assume

(Page

of

is

have

the

the

in, but, nevertheless,

There

not

above

to

the

interior

far

the

were.

not

was

very

should

what

eyes

fire in the
not

the

his

how

or

seemed

in

of

mirage

sume
as-

and

to-day

high

was

form/'

imagine

cannot

it

almost

disk-like

round

the

it

see

*'Both

seen

to-day

and

horizon,

have

we

POLES

almost

form.

round

THE

OF

could

he

says

sun

PHANTOM

the

one

cow,

heifer.''
line

will

needle

AURORA

THE

BOREALIS

straight

points

line

dividing

for

enough

another

arise
In

should

Vol.

all

day

displays

luminous
observed
At
the

and
these

p.

in

an

and

light-yellow

phenomena

evening,
Fantastic

were

being
forms

the
of

form

seen

of

were

ens.
heavclear

south,
arch,

and

mountains.

the

their

resumed

white

present

ing,
morn-

southwest,

northeast

in

appeared
and

an

to

the

they

the

being

from

northeast

hour

shape,
of

the

above

auroral

of

sky

"an

Nearly-

clouds

parts
the

toward

accumulating

are

might

the

faint

light

from

enlarging

half

During

m.,

breeze

it

if

describes

beautiful

different

clouds,

extended

6th,

though

in

trouble

Hall

seen.

were

and

mines

slight coloring.

the

on

case,

valuable

280,

but

unless

earth,

that

some

near

"

claimants.

I, page

with

aurora

In

point,
the

the

the

near

purposes,

claim

that

between

as

determined

interior.

that

at

be

practical

appear

located

be

can

as

the

should

it will

up

all

nation

one

tj

the

bands.

during

in

light

every
came

In

inal
origform
These

the

whole

direction.
and

went

78

THE

rapidly,

and

of

that

from

the

the

7th,

north

of

consisted

was

appearance

cirro-stratus

of

POLES

THE

OF

frequent

morning

It

PHANTOM

On

cloud.

south

to

observed.

was

of

bands

uniform

ing
extend-

arch

perfect

the

yellow

white."

and

Siemens

281,

I, page

five in the
in

the

that

about
a.

This

This,
the

then,

is

does

aurora

"This

itself

show
horn

of

it not
Here

page

297,

was

affect

the

follows

of

an

needle

adds,
did

was

not

tric,
elec-

electric, why

was

description, by
aurora

not

either

Take

if it
If it

it ?

where

Siemens

needle."

the

similar

needle.

electric,

if

dilemma:

the

what
did

in

if electric,

the

this,

phenomenon,

about

instance

affect

of

Corroborative

it

needle/'

the

another

not

from

of

phenomenon,

itselfin

show

parallel

east,

clouds

three

zon
hori-

western

disappeared

at

seen

was

distant

and

It

arc

the

to

Way,

leaving

not

the

1872,

10,

bright

from

degs.

brightness.
did

"a

zenith

the

Milky

12

m.,

January

on

sky passing

the

journal, Hall, Vol.

his

morning,

through
with

in

says

produced

Hall,

by

82

PHANTOM

THE

toward

move

from

the

of

progress

of

As

east.

toward

between

'At

3 :30

journal,

southeast

direction.

At

due

nearly
4:10

above

the

southwest
brilliant

and

m.

straw-color,

and

and

in

southerly

arch

extended
due

nearly

fading
were

very
an

brilliant

one

in the

slowly

exhibiting

formed

south.

arches,

formed

south

which

east

distinct

were

the

and

east,

luminous

due

new

to

south,

to

Mauch

says

of

arch

display, though
Those

away.

and

accumulated

east

other,

intense

beams

three

m.

p.

was

white."

if driven,

4 p.

to

moved

northeast,

soon

as

west

curtain

very

and

the

irregular

an

slowly moved,

At

'on

They

formed

beautiful

seconds

and

I observed,'

m.

them

to

from

being

horizon,

clouds.

from

the

passing

seven

moved

yellow
p.

while

opened

north,

arose

watched

and

corona

its colors

bright,

in his

six

POLES

ones

assigned

They

the

the

formed,

"

and

between

degree.

new

as

streamers

stars,

motion

THE

Mauch

these

some

to

north,

south/

the

over

OF

very
soon

intense
tacle.'
spec-

"

Can

any

better

refutation

of

the

theory

AURORA

THE

the

that

Does

of

electricity

heavens

the

agency

moving

for

thinks

who

man

slowly along by

Who

slowly,

tricity
elec-

driven

being

or

some

of

heard

ever

the

through

move

ever

if driven

as

unseen

in

air?

the

did

agitation
but

threw

out

As

several

appeared,

shock,

the

no

another

etc.

proof

that

the

burning

Taken

in

display,
heavy

and

the
of

clouds,

eral
sev-

turbed
disaurora

the

tion
erup-

liberated

the

produced

the

the

and

needle,

for

supposed;
the

needle

strong

it

coloring

minerals,

beautiful

everything

with

was

coloring,

appear,

connection
the

for

this
that

did

aurora,

and

most

was

before

the

tent,
ex-

any

light

when

When

the

the

hitherto

aurora

great

dust, dirt,

much

agitated

what

was

in

to

once

which

gases,

affected.

shown

at

evidence

volcano

and

was

most

from

is

electricity, as

there

this

needle

the
hours

that

minerals

so

caused

it obscured

hours.

of

ignite

not

that

smoke,

not

which

eruption

The

the

electricitybe offered

is

aurora

consideration

the

83

BOREALIS

was

arises

oils,

gas,

the

derful
won-

coloring

and

points

one

to

PHANTOM

THE

84

cause

electricity, would
No

it

fire, dying

wider

as

over

up

of

Hall

further
p.

m.,

asserts,

on

the

on

luminous

bright

horizon

it, it

saw

of

the

to

move,

zenith,

zenith,
of

the

to

and
and

but
at

then

it

it, where

southwestern

6:30,

it

had

position

6:30

usual

haziness

occurrence

wish

here

one

corroborative

the

usual

occurrence

these,

to

emphasize

haziness
of

of

these

my

of
was

was

Its

up.

the

vanished.
the

At

sky

after

noticed."
this

claim:
the

the

southeast

touched

just

of

of

seemed

arch

broke

it

where

northwest

just passed

gradually

curve,

the

the

whole

twilight
the

what
some-

northeastern

the

extremity

very

When

little to

"At

streamers

the

all

300:

southwestern.

was

thing
any-

lasted

observed

of

from

extending

find

can

page

8th,

arch

starting

aurora

day.

This

is characteristic

if it

next

was

slowly?

then
It

This

all the

this

slow.

but

down,

spread

to

POLES

risen

have

extent.

consume.

and

night,

5 130

fire

to

first

If

electricity is anything

acted

THE

explosion.

great

"

OF

sky

noticed."

point
"At
after

"

6:30
the
Does

THE

AURORA

BOREALIS

85

electricity generally
Hall

the

uses

words

descriptive

of

skies

those

after

'When
than

making
the

the

of

arch

the

while

southwest

of

the

to

directly

close

to

the

ing

reached

the

the

breeze

nearly

the

the

they

that

seemed

and

earth,
in

briskness

crossed

the

night.

This

the

heavens

to

"A

wind:

blowing

seemed

and

it

(P. 83.)

was

merry

quite

prismatic

the

north

the

before

direction."

the

of

of

fell dur-

fire

out

about

with

been

just

throwing

says

from

whole

burst

every

he

of

the

was

base,

have

ball

earth.

to

bearing

it must

transitiv
in-

belt

small
in

and

quickly

as

auroral

So

tionary
sta-

degrees

returned

the

igloo,

fathoms,

igloo

several

was

ning
run-

the

by

the

by

that

what

smart

to

50

display,

scintillations
Note

than

change

proved

aurora,

less

overhead.

palpable

so

quickly,

of

and

igloo,

it

hill

me.

less

Indeed,

the

now

was

it seemed

moved

was

the

displays.

aurora,

as

of

of

top

hazy?

condition

distant.
I

sky

haziness"

head,

my

distance

''usual

auroral

When

to

up

the

normal

pistol-shot
by.

near

the

above

leave

to

add

dancers
fro.''

as

Now

PHANTOM

THE

86

reflection

if this
would

wind

the

it seemed
he

less

palpable

close

the

to

Hall

On

its
of

with
the

to

he

of
enable
what

reflection

thought

the

has
the
anyone

the
of

aurora

fire.

he

''Yes,"

heard

form
is

"

sound
this

during

display.
from

Captain

very

fine

His

to

the

one

remarkably

extensively

aurora.

ing
dur-

mouth;

had

written

the

noises

his

active

most

quoted
he

quite

whether

imitate

accorded

as

the

from

came

hear

to

Hall,

of

decide

to

Innuits

the

asking

says

Hall,

to

actually

from

I have

will

unable

noise

time

of

been

have

puffing

what

such

bearing

it must

endeavoring

noise,

head,

my

with

displays, they answered,

them

by

the

accustomed

were

over

base,

himself
noise

any

aurora.

the

produce

earth.

found

whether

they

that

proved

the

pistol-shot distant,''
a

in

change

fire caused

would

small

ness
brisk-

its

to

**When

than

So

says.

aurora,

wind

describes

he

if

; but

not

reflection, then
effect

added

have

I think

by electricity,

caused

was

POLES

THE

OF

an

scription
de-

description
opinion

electricity or

as

the

THE

BOREALIS

AURORA

Lieutenant

from

Icy

Franklin,

heard

the

^'not

once,

aurora,"
but

from

now

this

from

now

seemed
then

it

shot

heard

admits

from

times,

loudly

the

of

its

slowly
perhaps,

than
when

water-mill,

of

the

that

cannon-

Hooper

aurora

many

There

fire.

at

and

light,
the

as

it

The

time

noise

was

of

flected
re-

noise,

the

plosion
ex-

more

moves

have

might

latter

light

make

not

the

caused

noise

the

could

have

people

many

and

the

occurrence

would,

of

field-ice,

unmistakably.

skies

in the
but

and

explosion,

force

the

of

other
an-

first it

distance."

heard

little doubt

be

heard

he

that

at

At

whirring

short

that,

and

sound

sound

the

last, like the

at

by

like

from

down.

the

journal,

unmistakably;

high,

low

have

faintly and

now

on

one

resemble

was

and

can

from

to

and

near

"I

; not

quarter,

point

one

time

times

loudly

1849-50

in his

he

pedition
ex-

Mackenzie

Lake.

wrote

many

indistinctly, but

of

Bear

on

boat

to

winter

the

spent

Cape

in

second

N.,

Pullen's

Lieutenant

of

Fort

R.

Hooper,

command

River,

87

arrived,
most

liant.
bril-

88

"There

is

emits

ever

as

noise.
have

the

this

sounds

of

after

therefore,
have

are

the

But

of

auroral

auroral
any

heard

during
ascribed

Sound
distance
port
re-

movements

sounds

auroral
to

ment
move-

who

interval.
the

the
this

sound,

observers

the

that

be

quence
conse-

If

travel

to

the

or

in

interval.

minutes

the

causes

wind,
ice

the

to

other

audible

inferred

to

that

temperature.

succeeding

been

sion.
illu-

mere

to

and

follow

mention

is

the

snow

any

fifty miles.

no

of

considerable

four

convinced

ascribed

due

tic
Arc-

in their

seen

been

been

low

to

noises
make

the

in the

inferred

motion

emitted

requires

have

been

their

ought

been

observers,

are

rustling

have

of

crackling

sound

has

winters

auroras

have

the

as

aurora

heard

is, therefore,

must

such

of

where

which

aurora

sound

several

supposed

It

aurora

The

competent

brilliancy,

greatest
that

most

spent

regions,

the

rustling, hissing, crackling

But

evidence/'

sound.
been

have

to

described

who

audible

POLES

THE

''that

Loomis,

an

supposed

OF

satisfactory

no

Professor

says

"

PHANTOM

THE

other

It

is,

which
tions
exhibicauses

THE

90

PHANTOM

it varies

in

deceased

friends

is

given

by

Aurora

of

heaven

into

waving,

silver,

which

over

and

rays,

the

shoots

bright
the

of

light, vague

But

now

melts
as

up,

and

And

the
all
as

ing
glitter-

vanishes.
flame

of

again

from

the

Here

of

they

are

glittering
again;

new

endless

game

time

this

the
the

and

streamers

"

the

heard

one

spirit.

it

zon,
horiin

away

waving

growing

shining

then

though

aurora's

stillness, impressive
infinitude.''

up

foreboding

it is

afresh.

few

the

shoot

of

tongues

departing

as

from

billows

in

right

it is

left

are

of

glory

whole

and

moonlight,
sigh

ray

it breaks

bands

and

to

now

next

the

zenith,

very

until

dust

then

it shimmers

Presently
over

shoot

ver
sil-

it contracts

spreads,

many-folded

the

over

yellow,

change;

ently
''Pres-

glittering

of

to

It

aurora

shakes

veil

red.

the

253

page

now

restless

in

again,

of

description

its

their

say

merry.

very

on

POLES

THE

they

Borealis

to

now

green,

there

are

changing

"

form,

Nansen

the
vault

the

and

color

impressive

An

OF

symphony

the

cloak.

nings
lightgins
beutter

of

THE

BOREALIS

AURORA

it

"Presently
flame

the

over

it shoots

cloak."

the

ice,

water,

that

aurora

sky

for

land,

it did

not

Shakespeare's

know

did

On

another

horizon

southwestern
sun

in

front

together
a

the
from

troop

of

dust-cloud

were

light

cloud

of

the

it

like

distant

streamers

sun

"

of

sun,

up
or

sucking

dust

riders.

seemed

gauze
over

to

the

it in

to

markable
re-

three

scription
de-

"On

glow

the

of

the

swept

were

rising

above

Then

dark

stretch

from

sky, as
rather

perhaps

lengthy

briefly :
the

to

saw

clouds

of

Miranda

about
In

thoughts."

my

aurora

lay

of

"More

Nansen

I cite

which

the

that

of

with

afternoon.

open

reflection

the

occasion,

in the
of

but

of

of

him

to

occur

years

comprehenr

"Tempest."

display
o'clock

two

reflection

the

meddle

never

description,

spent

is reminded

One

"They

gHttering

it passes

nothing

fire.

dust:

that

who

one

or

was

great
in

from

the

from

up

the

reads

again

then

aurora's

the

one

twice

watching

sion

from

When

quoted

of

of

tongues

right

ray

speaks

dust

in

zenith, and

very

He

the

shimmers

bright

horizon."
are

91

itself

if it
as

from

came

if the
the

whole
of

Here

sky."

that
In

evidence
'The

of the

idea

adequate
the

from

of

to

and

arches,

which
of

part

the

were

three

sky

be

to

surrounding

from

cleared

During

centre.

exposed
plate

toward

at

other

than

time

there

forests
or

the

sensitive
the

aurora

as

open

to

no

ment
mo-

vivid
were

the

horizon.

simile,

haps,
per-

conflagration

seen

space

at
to

display Sergeant
dry

about

spanned

exact

to

heavens

which

it to

to

again

for

horizon

liken

change

lasted

which

and

any

splendor

entire

one

from

striking

most

convey

back

phenomena

perfect arches,

would
of

during

At

southwestern
The

It

''and

streamers

the

time.

remarkable.

and

ful
wonder-

and

and

covered

hours,

twenty-two

to

from

streamers,

the

opinions,

continuous

ribbons,

patches

further

writes,

beauty

was

is

was

he

which

the

It

scene.

arch

for

in

words

no

21st

description,"

beyond
have

January

able
remark-

of my

correctness

of

aurora

of

there

183)

(page

dust.

annoying

by Greely

account

an

mention

other

have

and

POLES

THE

OF

we

ever-present

aurora

of

PHANTOM

THE

92

night
their
Rice

photographic

without

any

effect,

THE

AURORA

but

the

from

93

experiment

the

the

BOREALIS

Despite

the

remarkable

of

the

aurora,

the

new

of

color
The

During

remarkable

will

the

it

of

storms

would

ordinarily

any

hours

twenty-two
from

the

should
aurora

ordinary

Reddish
but
that

the

makes

it

tints

Greely

auroras

saw

that

but

almost

This

none.

have

so

"

different
reader
of

much

the

less.
color-

occasionally

were

as

length

description

one,

not

such

The

aurora.

brilliant

turbed.
dis-

exploding

an

its

this

does

clouds

addition,
"

remember
"

He

accompany

in

and,

the

forest-fire

"

earth.
or

the

undoubtedly

be

to

the

of

slightly

was

seemed

speak

despite

but

aurora

of

volcano,

exactly

extent

was

interior

the

cent
cres-

was

that,
and

magnet
This

in

display

narrow

say,

note

duration

just what

but

blood/'

reader

aurora,

tent
ex-

was

the

to

strange

and

magnet

appeared,

moon

which,
the

duration

disturbed.

slightly

though
reported.

were

the

one

general,

colorless,

tints

red

occasionally

In

light.

quite

was

doubtful

of the

shifting

aurora

was

ported,
re-

shows
color

THE

94

from

come

burning

coloring

is

burned

This

the

"

in

able
was

sky

aurora

such

was

kind

trifle of

aurora

has

difference

The

is that
the

matter,

everything

that

needle

explosion,

great
of

minerals,
into

thrown

needle,

but

depend

upon

explosion,
Sir

no

several

and

the

other

air, might
not

am

popular belief,

appreciable

light."

the

was

occasions,

the

was

remarks

light

and

states
a

are

disturb

the
would

liberated

near

Nares

table
vege-

matter

That

sure.

was

how

quantities

large

and

what

George
to

us

the

rainbow.

the

Greely

which

gases,

regular

little disturbed:

but

in

the

vegetable, mineral,
else.

was

the

burned

one

other

oil, and
the

of

coloring

it

This

with

one,

while

that

electricity?

coloring,

all the

ice,

reason-

than

white

plain

was

water,

more

case

of

being

and

"

as

seem

the

was

merest

truly

the

that

forest-fire

or

earth

on

as

POLES

material

the

it not

different

and

have

Does

that

volcano,

prairie-

we

the

land.

THE

by

was

as

reflected
and

caused

same

OF

PHANTOM

by

^'

the

needle.

trary
that, ''con-

the
In

aurora

gives

Greely's

perience,
ex-

considerable

during

the

on

aurora,

BOREALIS

AURORA

THE

Greely

his

saw

brilliant

Borealis
I

case,

of

after
and

the

claimed

been

light.

which

be

and

the
in

my
tire
en-

my

compared
half

above

"the

days

horizon

the

is clear/*

sky

It has

the

during

may

degs.

25

of

which,

or

two

moon

full, when
the

no

Lapland,

that

light

ascertain

to

in

sojourn
that

of

when

quarter

one

emitted,

able

was

time

says

amount

greatest

Aurora

in

was

printed above,

at

Tromholt

only.

very

to

shadow,

display

heavens

is

which

of

description

the

95

fire

If

that

the

the

produces

gives

aurora

it

aurora,

give light.

must

also

Greely
23d,

could

(termed
be

#This

to

more

of

eyes

meteor

7:35

was

a.

m.,

colorless
red.

No

to

the
for

is

this

of

burst
one,

detonation

was

A
the

into

which

the

varying

work.
in

noon.

satisfactory,

presence

remarkably

which

leading

by printers),

not

was

observed

except

for

difficultyat

some

the

January

on

used

long primer

however,

partly

that

as

with

read

test,

owing
but

such

print,

articles

remarks

moon,

ity
capac-

brilliant

north

about

fragments,
was

heard.

all

brilliant

'The

in
often

''However

light,we
cast

it is

begins

to

light

is

sky
it fades

behind

the

with

shoot

from

up

the

to

They

west.

from

zenith

out

fine

and

silver
Surt

the

in

veil
over

of
the

bright,
threads.

himself,

in

only

the

towards

patches

they

like

the
Is

striking

it
his

play

east

darting

to

nearer

suddenly

But

the

from

showers

northern

ing
reach-

from

off.

rays

there.

almost

chase

of

suddenly

more;

way

Now

brightly

rays

fiery mist,

wild

ern
east-

and

here

then

It

fire.

few

east,

away.

stretching

always

seem

long, long

perfect

gathers

tral
spec-

the

of

of

scattered

zenith;

belt

the

over

while

far

mass

visible

haze

It

away.

in

whole

mist

of

southwest,

After

the

till

sense

self

fire

glowing

one

and

mountain

of

seems

pale, yellow,

of

soon

belt

luminous

so

with

again, and

luminous

dawn

and

one's

447.

play

it ; it

at

sight

tear

reflection

the

broadens,

the

to

446,

weird

gazing

both

spell oyer

this

see

tire of

never

wonderful,"

were

II, pages

we

impossible

like

Vol.

POLES

THE

OF

Lights

Northern
Nansen

says

to

PHANTOM

THE

96

sky

they

are

finest

of

ing
glitter-

the

fire

giant,

mighty

silver

98

THE

"It

the

be

to

seems

of

of

color

form/'

here

that

during

the

but

auroras,

during
sudden,

Greely,

POLES

experience

colorless

and

"

THE

undisturbed

disturbances

marked

OF

the

is

magnet

prevalence

of.

PHANTOM

shows

vivid

the

plays
dis-

violent, changes

App.

November

13,

16.
"...

auroral

an

continuous
of

the

in

patches,
above

the
and

the

which

lasted

while

from

ascended

first

shape

for

five

apparently

the

in

spasmodic

issuing
The

any

App.

13,

the

the

clouds

diffused

and
marked

November

"Magnetic

15

deg.

of

regular

minutes

of

form

as

with

clouds

of

thus

out

disappeared

at' times

seen

smoke-stack

tive.
locomoately
immedi-

without

formation/'

of

defined,

sharply

thrown

summit

the

are

more,

summit

These

from

cone,

or

clouds

motion.

puflfs, such

from

about

auroral

emanated
cone,

dim

well-defined

curling

or

part

gradually brightened

the

luminous

whorling

greater

mained
re-

in

which

its

which

appeared

northwest

horizon,
took

the

during
It

day.

display

"

suming
as-

Greely,

19.

disturbance

again

occurred,

AURORA

THE

BOREALIS

five-minute

and
from

after

the

"I

happened

that

and

floating

D.

L.

"The
this

the

13,

the
in

bright

southern
zenith

closely resembling
arising

from

Journal

by
and

ten

sprang

gradually
a

the
a

"

16, 1882.

streamer

with

crater

mass."

witnessed

horizon,

The

puflFsand

20.

November

between

morning,

shot

smoke

the

from

November

Brainard,

and

its formation

like
up

East,

deg.

20

of

appear

deg.

luminous

only display

the

smoke

about

in

away

o'clock.

about

give

can

Island,

brighter

curling

Greely, App.
of

260

work

at

light

being discharged

volcano,

of

is

ascending

while

auroral

became

movement

or

ber
Novem-

Bellot

North

altitude

an

idea

best

Henry,

toward

about

gradually

to

up

menced."
com-

November

13,

B.

small, dim,

azimuth

which

shortly

magnet

yesterday,
look

to

saw

from

C.

up

1882.

outdoors,
and

the

App.

from

kept

were

appeared
of

Greely,

Extract

16,

of

Aurora

disturbance
"

20.

readings

m.

p.

99

labored

was

eleven
from

ing
approachmovement,

spasmodic
working

me

puffs

locomotive.

of

PHANTOM

THE

100

in this

Remaining

position

AURORA
The

Brainard,
After

authority
Will

you

call

appeared."
C.

B.

party

it

that

1882,

it;

in

then
If

not,

November

of this

and
ever

we

are,

could

described

Gredy's
read

determine

Greely, App.

"

time, it
dis-

slowly

engraving,

electricity?

aurora

one,

and

seen

above

about

Henry,

"The
low

the

says

as

16,

November

observing

POLES

BOREALIS.

BorealJs,

Aurora

short

dissipated and

gradually

was

THE

OF

what

13,
17,

morning
I
say

what

an

origin.

it?

Journal

of

1882.
was

think,
we

L.

Appendix.

its
was

D.

by

were

the

very

only
in the

THE

AURORA

midst

BOREALIS

of

electric

close

of

"The

B.

C.

emitted

light

full

of

the

landscape

abundant.

The

maintained

above

at

and

clouds,

audible.^'

Rice,

the

of

out

above

their

speak

of

avoid

it.

heads

having

that

one

hundred

Journal

of

feet
D.

C.

display
time

no

cumulus
the

kind

any

of

was

G.

W.

dark

and

blinded;

first

at

appeared
Gardiner

so

and

near

Israel

is

close

not

from

thinks
have
the

Ralston,

all

quarters,

dodged

Israel, who

could

aurora

and

unconsciously

intelligent observer,
the

in

touched

Journal

time

one

of

almost

the

it felt
at

but

1882.

17,

observed

all

at

was

of

of

that

to

the

than

from

November

curtain

earth

noise

no

Ext.

"

"Coming
who

the

tense
in-

most

visible

which

height

13,

Objects

plainly

apparently

but

ground,

magnitude.

elevation

greater

the

fully equal

were

our

1882.

17,

entirely eclipsed

first

the

Nov.

during

was

and

moon,

of

one

Greely, App.

"

Henry,

brightness

stars

scared

considerably."

Journal

ing
fact, its alarm-

In

light.

proximity

members

loi

very
that
been

at

Nov.

17,

and
times
than

more

earth."

to

"

From
1882.

THE

102

"It
I

appeared

raised

to

PHANTOM

it in

bathe

low

so

hand

my

free

the

was

clouds,

and

the

light

plainly
moon."

visible

"The

colored

we

repeatedly put
would

we

There

one

was

affected

by
that

his
"

hands
From

as

17,
"In

lowered
to

of

D.

the

appeared

S.

H.

one

ranged
disarinstant.
that

earth

though

as

doing.

so

was

much

so

grandest

head

ward
L.

mass

and

by

its

at

his

though

full

the
of

hands

who

display

Journal

of

the

to

our

person

the
he

close
up

as

were

every

something

touch

long.

seemed

arranged

so

day

all

1882.

rearranged
was

tinued.
con-

Journal
17,

flames,

display

The

needle

light

heavens

and
The

from

whole

the

display

the

November

Gardiner,

of

finest

by

as

Extract

"

of

visible

the

of

violently agitated,

aurora

during

tirely
en-

eclipsed.

was

readings

The

that

sky

was

five-minute

times

at

The

stars

needle

Objects

down

POLES

light.

second-magnitude

and

THE

instinctively, expecting

from

magnetic

OF

and
off

Brainard,

ments
mo-

put

up

blow."
vember
No-

1882.
northern
an

intense

sky

there
vermilion

gradually
color,

THE

AURORA

which

BOREALIS

and

in

manner,

this

"A

which

the
It

and

the

the

heavens."

for

space

would

is

difficult

such

gives

and

latter

is but

of

of

of

it when

saw

to

the

be

of

has

the

to

much

so

it.

without
aurora

been

greatest

our

years,

devoted

by

pass

through

for
of

earth,

the

aurora

thought

both

and

splendor,

it

it

Yet

comment

Greely

as

Appendix.

in his

Electricity
of

ible.
discern-

its movements

that

not

The

time

approach
of

brilliancy,

moon.

one

also

Lynn

descriptions

puffings

at

were

thousands

to

full

the

cation.
modifi-

slight

unparalleled
to

near

it not

minds

time

grandeur,

zenith

subject

the

than

unusual

rapidity

Were
the

earlier

flagration.
con-

of

and

its

of

speak

great

nessed
wit-

colors

its

at

was

of

Gardiner

was

Israel

minutes

brightness

extreme

mind

light equal

prismatic

several

recorded,

have

display

its

the

minutes

and

its

to

few

which

for

the

above

deg.

10

remained

suggestive

of

for

expanded

horizon,

103

is

never

found

acting

stationary engine,

or

like
a

the

burn-

PHANTOM

THE

104

drifting

one

the

to

give

could

not

be

aurora

time

give

to

Before

in the

latter

Arctic

brighter

than

through

the

of

in

frost, and

and

forth

reflection

at

the

the

would
of

as

they

at

the

would

apply

earth

was

shut

out

The

earth.

and

snow,

times,

many

effect.

dazzling
sun

can

at

summer

the

ing
open-

kaleidoscope,

the

It is the

the

shines

sun

ice,

rays

other.
when

opening

condition

the

and

winter,

southern

of the

because

therefore,
into

the

most

from

in winter,

is winter

in the

sun's

the

only

ly
frequent-

mammoth

re-reflecting

That

more

The

strike

rora,
au-

seen

interior

as

sending

is

the

on

probable

from

sun

act

of

waste

more

summer.

earth

the

and

rapidly

seems

of

one

regions

the

through

result

the

chapter

the

assign

to

the

reasons

all.

them

wish

why

reason

slowly-

the

so

it

that

concluding

rays

multiply

convincing

so

and

rising

attempts

electricity, they
are

POLES

away.

When

why

smoke

its

ing volcano,

THE

OF

shines

sun

South

pole

one

only

son,
sea-

directly
this

Pole, and

only
free
the

appear

sun

when
from

the

terior
in-

clouds,

in the

same

PHANTOM

THE

io6

wonderful
considers

the

the

cause

"

different

in

the

opening

much

is

one

in the

within

and

also

and
in

entrance

to

the

the

thousand
would

the

illustrate

the

the

big

end

in

the

fact

that

the

the

magnetic

miles
the
north

point,
to

supposed

an

the

of

the

to

of

the

at

take

pole,

pole,

thus

southern
is fifteen
it is

while

Pole.
more

rays
at

have

North

sun's
than

netic
mag-

the

earth

the

the

south.

tin horn,

electric

is

seven

they

in diameter,

make

at

than

miles

interior

miles

hundred

earth

north

opening

is that

the

passed

the

the

passed
that

powerful

of

have

south,

within

only

five hundred

showing

one

the

by

the

rays,
of

fifty miles

while

in

south

proved

south

been

the

is

aurora

sun's

reached

and

pole;

hold

in

have

hundred

To

from

the

interior

the

to

This

explorers

only

conclude

to

than

the

by

greater

north.

That

north

produced

pole

duce
pro-

reasoning

come

why

reason

brighter

the

which

than

kinds

then

electricity?

Another

when

and

above

the

not

POLES

aurora,

causes

reasonable

more

that

the

various

does

them,
seem

of

variety

THE

OF

light,

and
then

THE

AURORA

turn

the

BOREALIS

little end

will

be

will

It

very

noticed

that

of

reverts

in

the

description

of

it

there

the

is

submitting
the

produces
the

reader

from

his

on

such

the

reading
the

of

truth

thereon,

different
at

poles.

the

place

same

Electricity
will

world.

poles only?
affected?

is

matter

have
duced
ad-

my

contention

he

still thinks

it

always

always

why

one

of
is

the

the

Everything

at

An

universal.
in

it is

why

manner

then, does

form

Why

apart

why
;

that

sense,

tell

work

Why,

in the

ask

extracts

him

coloring;

battery

all the

always

the

on

what

to

merely

electricity,let

appear

the

it

what

as

common

opinions

prove

aurora

electrical
over

great

commenting

his

comments

my

appears

the

is

question

aurora,

If, after
to

of

the

use

what

been.

the

of

subject.
In

and

it

Nansen's

that

of

need

no

rally
natu-

describe

fire.

As

every

mind

reflection

the

as

almost

the

of

fire, is magnificent.
was,

in

Writers

form

every

ence
differ-

The

quickly.

aurora,

fire.

to

almost

light.

the

to

observed

be

description

107

aurora

needle
tends

tricity
elec"at
not

to

io8

THE

that

prove

PHANTOM

the

is

form,

color,

or

time,

of

the

earth

not

aurora

would

be

and

as

in

or

Does

day

clear,
it

others

the

varied

by

it

for

does

location.

in

wind

exists

or

like

of

wind,

only;
five

the

an

if

coloring

the

lightning,
aurora

pears
ap-

weather

stormy

minutes

four

seem

no

or

ten

in

in

hand,

other

The

night,

or

lasts

that

the

fire

furnish

not

color

the

as

either

electricity,

same

electricity.

not

which

On

were

POLES

THE

condition,

single

solution.

intelligent
the

is

aurora

There

interior

OF

and

times
some-

while

at

days.

electricity,

or

fire

METEORS

OR

VOLCANIC

DISTURBANCES

CHAPTER

METEORS

OR

Herman

Siemens

Hall
meteors

also

on

that

have

from

of

small

North

reach

from

in

take

them

the

earth

as

and

fire.

This

call

Let
and
stone

misnaming

are

us

the

if

out

that

teors,
me-

ing
noth-

are

earth
so

land

come

drop

stone,
should

the

near

not

by

many

termed,

get down
a

appeared

it would

when

months,

start,

and

bunch,

thread,

rocket.'^

Could

they

times
some-

pushing

from

up

comet,

business,
sense,

the

"We

instances

shooting stars,

passing
Pole

few

of

those

volcano.

stars,

silver

fireballs

thrown

exploding

shooting

book:

first

; in

about

stars,

they

to

so-called
rocks

where

claimed,

or

from

Hall's

it were,

as

similar

them

but

"

of

tain
Cap-

writes

trip

disappearance
seen

with

was

shooting

point

I have

an

last

numerous

the

who

257

forming,

to

DISTURBANCES.

"

his

page

saw

from

VIII.

VOLCANIC

on

109

ably
probto

years,
this

natural
super-

to

common

and

be

fire
done

be

The

and

planet,
main

or

and

sent

this

on

the

should

universe

of

detached

be

lute
abso-

are

part

no

the

sooner

star,

from

the

sailing through

earth

near

the

west

falls

shower

space

North

or

Pole.

South

in

"Far
shower

the

of

others

stars,"

444,

"some

bright

like

II, page

south

again

lies

Does
shower
North

that

thought,

That

rocks

elephant,

or

called
it
are

would

is

the

ern
North-

the

sky

sea

believe

read,

to

of

he

should

fireflywere

Meteors

able

fall

stars

such

be

never

the

gave

be

thus!

called
sun,

just plain

or

no

rocks

more

the
it

person,

of

be

is

that

near

incapable

the

and

now

there."

water

If there

is apparent

of

the

in

Low

clouds,

gleam

shower

Pole?

worlds.

over

is open

after

Vol.

all with

candles,

of

the

by

anyone,

in

faint, scarcely visible,

bank

but

there

dark;

after

Nansen

distant

outlined

Lights;

writes

Roman

from

message

any

and

and

can

POLES

THE

children

of the

comet

body

the

laws

immutable,

land

to

Our

differently,

taught

better.

OF

forever.

with

away

PHANTOM

THE

no

matter

thinking.
If

microbe

an

absurd.

thrown

out

OR

METEORS

from

the

An

earth

rocks

show

the

On

the

nine

and
of

Bear

from

drew

some

What

is

stars?

right

bright,

very

of

came

des.
Pleia-

the

shining

characteristic

dust

should

throwing
The

Great

direction.

shooting

dust

eruption,

and

the

come

earth

is

given

that
the

in lieu

of

that

volcanic

have

earth,

theory

the

passing

by

up

in
is

contention

all meteors

This

shooting

meteors

of

volcanic

is located

Bear

air, thrown

externally.

these

are

out

that

than

follow

out

My

stars

the

through

comets

the

from

or

were

streak

more

shining

eruption

or

Ser-

in

they chiefly

them
a

six

number

right

them."

after

the

of

writes

them

Aldebaran,

or

Several
and

of

; afterwards

Bull

the

was

came

to

Between

"

there

most

not

as

again

12th.

not

dust.

Nansen

Some

pentarius.

small

and

morning
stars,

when

appear

so

smoke

December

shooting

Great

be

page

this

volcano.

explosion might

an

the

same

"Thursday,

always

burning

through

in

exploding

an

not

fall, as

ignite, or

DISTURBANCES

by

might

aurora

these

VOLCANIC

about
better

struck

internally
passing
one,

and

PHANTOM

THE

112

will
shown
the

small

base

of

to

the

close
the

during

meteor

was

sky,

descending

later

the

to

the

the

west,

and

that

the

northeastern

and

"a

and

little
trail

green

half-way
ward
down-

slight

meteors

the

were

of

vicinity

undoubtedly
the

liant
bril-

about

in

in

it

before

163

two

found

Pole,

fire fell

prismatic

out

and

with

Those

volcano

on

traveling

North

from

page

red

many

be

direction.

with

zenith

it to

of

just

vertically,

angle."
of

burst

seen

meteor

seen

ball

throwing

on

that

proved
A

and

in every

writes

Peary

remarks

aurora

earth.

earth,

scintillations

was

one

is

earth

the

Hall

display,

the

reached

after

hollow.

be

to

quite

advanced

be

not

POLES

THE

OF

came

interior

of

the

earth.
He
the

also

noticed

"apparent

sinking

accompanied

snow

which
crust

in

peculiar phenomenon

large

by peculiar

rumbled

every

of

direction

until

accounted

for

of

areas

muffled
beneath

away

they

ports,
re-

the
died

away."
This

could

be

disturbances

in

the

by

the

earth,

canic
volfrom

THE

114

PHANTOM

OF

CHAPTER

FINDING

OF

Arctic

why
found

IN

and

gravel,

sand

imbedded

in

another
This

is not
rocks

it struck

after
turn

its side

on

in

berg

the

another

position

berg

Two

in

the

of

together.
if the

case

the

found.

berg,

of

where

in

in

That

got

they
long

tons,

adhere

to

iceberg?

No,

glacier,

of

to

the
with

contact

ed
ground-

been

the

how

an

how

have

other

some

Besides,

weighing
side

rocks

together.

bottom

have

icebergs, drifting
freeze

against

the

as

the

come

must

fast

drifts

would

water,

to

that

become

or

ice,

bring

to

ing
adher-

explanation

the

on

are

time

freeze

they

floes.

and
rocks

the

at

often

so

that

reasonable

came

wondered

are

iceberg

and

berg

ICE.

bergs

claim

till the

them,

ON

long

by glaciers, while

to

not

AND

have

writers

shoved

be

ROCK

and

on

Many

the

IX.

explorers

rock,

POLES

THE

manner.

could

ocean,

would

have

to

middle

into

th^

are

frequently

would
the

that

bottom
is

not

rock,
or

the

ROCK

IN

AND

into
the

the

air

Some

his

the

it

they

and

sand,

have

these

send

eruptions

all

into

the

into

plunged
still

in

the

When

rock

stated

that

is

found

it is

caused,

water,

heat

not

seem

nearly

the

one

that

iceberg
water

wait

several
Had

melts

very

for

the

so

ice, and

quickly,
sun,

there

which

land.
it is
of

the
This

rock
does

explanation

an

rock

"

pool

by

sun.

good

warm

the

in

lighting
makes

being

may

not

no

as

an

upon
a

pool

of

need

to

appear

for

months.
I

the

imagination

of

is

berg

iceberg,

rests

the

time

the

they

claimed,

from

drawing

bergs

afterward,

an

on

generally

it

the

where

location

rection.
di-

in every

until

and

ocean,

gravel,

from

over

me

Volcanic

upon

formation,

the

To

rock,

disperse

first freezes

stream

if

of

air

fall

of

explained

origin.

the

dust, which

stages

rejects

or

substances.

Finally they
at

on

some

cause,

refutes

volcanic

of

appear

one

however,

of

fell

and

forming.

was

predecessors

presence

thrown

were

explosion,

assign

each,

They

some

writers

another
what

by

while

berg

115

there.

they got

way

ICE

ON

Shake-

ii6

force

the

and

then
vivid

real

and

would

the

see

We

capacity,

must

as

best

gifts

our

of these

one

as

must

the

rocks

Arctic

they
earth?

from

the

icebergs
they
for

colored

none

the
is

snow

such

icebergs
and

or

grow

there

that

vicinity

also
such

in

the

that

vegetable

matter

pollen
in

the

of

of

the

shown

then

where.
some-

produces
(which

plant,

vicinity

no

interior;

supposed
a

the

that

material

is

of

that

earth,

on

are

then,

be

formed

the

from

interior

and

the
that

come

evident,

can

soon

shown

be

certainly

analysis shows),
blossom

As

established,

can

formed

are

If

use

formed

be

they

to

are

be

must

content

in the

conditions
can

our

the
it

When

that

it

is it not

come

think

in

be

volcano,

Ocean,

book

would

may.

can

volcanoes

burning

this

so

however,

we

the

in

picture
of

but

be

If

found

exploding

no

facts

follow.

rest

an

limited,

and

ley,
Hux-

I do.

as

all

Homer,
of

reader

view,

matter

are

paint

no

another

take

and

that

of

power

directness

and

would

POLES

THE

OF

descriptive

the

speare,

the

PHANTOM

THE

of

the

to

be

when
Arc-

ROCK

IN

tic

AND

Ocean,

the

colored

We

might

than

all

in

each,
and

stick

facts
like

out

case.

list

are

for
a

the

other,

the

next

chain

of

exist
fact

but

other,

will

stubborn

to

cumstances
cirfalse

on

stand

the

things,

finger going

sore

more

direction,

each

not

but

of

lems,
prob-

one

with

Such

Nothing

for

well, which

as

in

nothing

could

test;

would

snow

strengthening

turn,

where
else-

unanswered

pointing

away.

theory.

the

hitherto

leaving

explain

the

through

conflicting

never

it grew

locations

go

dozen

then

be

to

seem

if

terior
in-

the

in

grow

for

earth;

in other

not

117

it must

earth,

on

does

ICE

then

of

be

ON

to

and
tor's
doc-

shop.
The

dust,

Ocean,

by

the

produced

Being

light, it

wind,

when

when

disagreeable.

snow,

it

iron

burning

by

"

volcanic

tions.
erup-

far

away

the

ships

it falls

on

When

it falls

is found

supposed
volcano.

Arctic

the

is carried

produces

analyzed,
and

some

and

in

annoying

is also

is very
the

so

black
to

to

Where

and

snow,

consist

with

of

bon
car-

from

come

is

that

volcano?

burning
of any
it be
in

of

stars,
that

in

black
and

meteors,

they

are

caused

am

willing

bear

account

the

dust

fall

best

way

to

dust

in

the

ice, this

snow,

the

is to

sayj
cano.
vol-

exploding

an

call

to

shooting

aurora

that

and

swer.
an-

my

stand.

not

of time,

test

the

does

by

if

and

is found,

the

If false, it will
it will

or

The

rock

this

or

record

Ocean?

this

ocean,

POLES

else, why

Arctic

dispose

THE

Pole

North

anywhere

the

the

No

the

near

OF

PHANTOM

THE

ii8

If true,
pop

up

like

of

this

cork.
As

remarked

chapter,
travel

has

drifts.

dirt

There

been

get

how

of

been

have

great

written

upon

for

rock,

the
land.

The

these

substances

from

miles

stray

away,

as

only
are

comet,

ice-

and

nations
expla-

two

no

agree.

would

have

those

who

have

on

accounting
ice

difference
on

gravel,

many

when

being

Arctic

theory
to

matter

etc.,

rock,

and

benefit
this

of

icebergs

on

volcanic-explosion

been

on

beginning

mysteries

observers:

as

The

the

always

and

wood,

of

one

the

at

land,

passing

as

well

is that

as

when

they

come

millions

and, ninety-nine times

out

of
of

ROCK

IN

AND

land

hundred,
it is to

earth,

million

come

from

miles

Note

icefoot

precipitous

bay

solid

rock, without

only vegetation

outlying
our

In

place
than

more

of

the

rock
tons

about

crest

which

of

half

deep,

the

tation
vege-

miles,

at

had

the

on

was

wide

broke

the

the

point
made.

been

mile

At

and

not
over

continuity
one

weighed

have

must
on

of

ten

feet

bluffs.

the

lying

was

of

cleft, apparently

hundred

feet

thousand

earth

over

Indeed,

some

cliffs,

camp

narrow

level

vestige

for

clayey

previous

where
one

of

spur

schistose

nakedness.

these

along

traveling

high,

very

of

the
a

seen

time

precipices,

above

their

cover

long

of

base

sheer

as

feet

to

rose

thousand
"

the

the

at

it

hundred
says

cliffs, evidently

They

slate.

for

was

have

of

Greely

point

the

several

large paleeocrystic
from

the

comet

to

couple

what

derful
won-

stray

than

matters

striking

away,

traveling
the

from

easy

more

meteor

earth

to

is

It

pole,

the

How

pole.

supernatural

for

away.

along

two

the

the

near

"Our

the

account

few

miles

119

understand!

not
to

ICE

near

apply

do

we

ON

shore.

floe
I

THE

I20

visited

and

it

but

that
which

bay

this

373

page

mile

southwest

picked

up

in

we

tion
forma-

same

It is

of

worthy

farthest

mark
re-

point
in

seen

wqre

they drifted

he

remarks

"that

of

the

at

this
from

of

of

The

spread

the

it

the

on

sembles
re-

of

It

Bay.

over

find

should

and

Bellows

the

seems

coal

this

that

which

lignite coal,

remarkable

about

Biederbick

divide

Watercourse

somewhat

widely

cliffs,

that

piece

that
mines

the

floes

might

ocean."

polar
On

of

the

was

evidence

good

it

other

some

nearby.

palaeocrystic

"

the

from

apparently

those

POLES

THE

it, thinking

brought

was

as

OF

examined

been

have

PHANTOM

country

and

watershed

of

is

so

that
Lake

Hazen."
did

Greely
picked
It

up

is not

of

one

to

watershed

of

at

all

strange.

It

the
be

beautiful
Aurora

known

interior

thrown

volcanic

those

the
as

the

being

of

the

earth.

dropped
the

hitherto

reflection

but

of

was

Hazen.

was

explosions
lights

the

Lake

into

Borealis,
as

coal

why

on

after

there

understand

not

air

that

by
duce
pro-

known
hereafter
fire in

the

ROCK

found

Kane

floating

out

to

with

boulders,

Marshall

them,

the

geologist

than-

middle

the

many
massive

the

so

were

melted

as

he

saw

have

the

for

study

boulder-covered

the

numer-

would

sea

curious

more

In

matter.

of

lines

latitudes.

Hall

twenty

of

bottom

our

have

and

impregnated

rafts

they

presented

rocks

detrited

these

could

that,

ous

"

angular

seemingly

Bay

broad

eighty

by

long

with

throughout

tables

symmetrical
"

large
and

ice

detached

of

sea

feet

covered

123

masses

hundred

two

ICE

ON

AND

IN

tells

feet

Polaris.

of

an

thick,
On

pieces,
rocks

which,
embedded

old

floe,

which

more

grounded
it

striking,
turning

broke

the

near

into

exposed

over,

in

than

ice.

CHAPTER

The

of

speaks

sen

land,

the

is

black.

it is

the
falls

This

ought

and,
carbon
some

to

sky

it

looks

to

way.

be

it

and

analyzed,

is

to

as

found

volcano.

If it

it

probably

home.

in

have

stray

his

of

go

for

to

comet,

tion.
irrita-

one

was

from

dance
abun-

of

iron, supposed

exploding
passing

far

great

such

accounted
So

snow

like

wanting

learn, it is dust

when

the

in

such

in

source

for

reasons

reasonable

colors

declares

Nansen

principal

it

it becomes

that

found

ships

not

life ; cannot

that

on

from

it does

somewhere;

itself; yet

and

while

miles

many

without

In

clouds,

able

ocean

quantities

great

which

annoyance

commodity

reproduce

Nan-

and

times,

such

from

comes

ARCTIC.

many

of

in

drifting

grow

so

source

was

THE

polar regions, which

in the

dust

X.

IN

DUST

POLES

THE

Op-

PHANTOM

THE

124

some

been

comet,

to

contain

come

from

came

from

started

about

DUST

IN

the

same

fall

THE

ARCTIC

time

as

the

frequently

so

traveling

millions

the

and

dust

continuously;
only

last

If

it

to

"

the

This
it

great

Dust,

Arctic,

dust

is what

source

one

of

not

the

from

would

away,
space

from

sun

in

come

earth, and

where
of

the

so

Arctic,

the

veiled

be

does

from

miles
as

dust,- falling

cover

rays

would

comes

many

twentieth.

the

miles

the

first

the

to

of

out

is

theory

millions

which

earth,

ridiculous

the

to

in

yet,

in

necessary

shut

comet;

the

how

it sometimes

credit
of

in

say,

continuously
comet

amount

would
the

and

cient
suffi-

is;

comet

no

that

must

shows

how

nothing

true

from

came

does

say

were

densely

show
This

and

absurd,

appears

again;

things clear,

are.

almost

stars

This

to

miles,

Comets

explanation

necessary

century,

comet

come

years.

theories

of

shooting

they

After

fall

years.

and

make

becomes

most

the

to

some

whereas

till

nonsensical
order

stars

twenty

or

millions

and

which

stars,

poles!

the

near

shooting

dust

to

shooting

several

in

once

distribute

ten

125

ness.
dark-

from
not

it is found.

annoyance

in

hardly expect

the
in

126

THE

that

PHANTOM

region,

if

dust

as

Imagine
middle

of

earth

great

what

do

dust,

dust,

not

hollow.
in

and

here,

dust,

but

Nothing

the

the

Nansen

passing

they bring?
which

be

POLES

Ocean!

are

years

THE

annoyance

Arctic

the

"The

says:

the

OF

first

wind

drives

does

not

believe

away."
Will
the

some

is

earth

dust

that

commodity

us

or

go

no

When

the

is hollow,

earth,

without

the

Arctic

earth

the

away

and

is found

congratulate
mainly

confined

"Let
here

the

dust

is

from

interior

dust

solid, then

themselves

If

the

that
near

all

over

regions.

or

of

millions

comet

scattering

to

the

easily explained

passing

be

that

comes

in the

volcano

question.

however,

Antarctic
to

on

is solid, there

earth

puzzle

of

remain

to

or

fast

says

perplexing

and

accusing

miles

the

is

of

article

an

dust, dust, dust."

this

to

eruption

the

can

but

that

very

we

it is understood,

earth

of

have

that

answer

isn't

yet Nansen

Nothing
hold

where

me

accumulates

; what

home

If you
is

tell
It

water

open

for?

hollow

from?

comes

ice,

who

one

people

the
the

the

dust

poles,

DUST

where

But

proved.

IN

the

there

THE

ARCTIC

inhabitants

is

no

danger

127

are

of

few

in

that

being

number.

ever

128

PHANTOM

THE

OF

CHAPTER

WATER

OPEN

XL

FARTHEST

AT

AND

is
it

Although
of

drift-ice

are

by

out

that

the

have

where

they

to

and

sea

lost

but

easily imagine
the

and

never

that

the

present
that

the

and

earth
to

the

hollow.

was

reader,

Arctic

the

farther

one

an

game

advances

might

One

can

might

get

not

is the
open

of
the

to

lost

knowing
I wish

What

is

with

knowing

tried

however,

Ocean

tinued
con-

that

out,

way

they

they

"

those

their

ried
car-

live.

balloon

pole by
find

still

how

abounding

water,

hollow,

was

turned

being

not

"

will

instances

Had

sea,

frozen

were

near

came

to

bodies

travels

many

lost.

out

earth

been

reach

and

water,

going

it is not

explorers

that

water.

large

Arctic

of

student

open

cited

contains

tic
Arc-

the
of

body

icebergs,

find

NORTH

that

many

frozen

and

invariably
back

by

always

The

over.

POINT

SOUTH.

It is Still claimed
Ocean

POLES

THE

to

proof

body

of

all kinds,
warmer

THE

130

north

Hall

fog

writes,

was

At

Kruger,

Nindemann

of

much

the

Note
the

of

extending

"On

also

the

to

in

far

24th,

north

at

and

open

"a

January:

could

eye

m.,

examine

ton.
Lupwater

reach.''

could

a.

of

23d

Cape

of

sea

11

old.

accompanied

Bessels,

Dr.

they

day

the

to

eye

in

fog

that
a

"On

the

as

started
go

the

as

was

as

than

by

broken

also

went

seamen,

day

dark

the

Esquimaux,

far

as

seamen,

team,

of

288:

and

it."

more

reported

water

open

not

two

the

They

This

ice upon

page

the

two

easily

speaks

ice

on

January

of

the

return

than

more

was

to

spaces

indicating water,

young

Then,

the

he

that

north,

found

it

that

"

went

"

their

open

not

"

men,

possible,

On

water.

ice

the

if

dark

indicating

of

ascertain,

pieces

throwing

Berg

Hobby,

several

284:

page

north,

and

open

thin

so

straits

the

on

three

m.

to

young
"

by

a.

reported

they

old

10

Lupton

extent

the

to

seen

water.

Cape

of

Providence

top of

the

length

POLES

south.

to

further

"From

THE

OF

whole

the

extending
from

PHANTOM

with
with
the

of

sea

reach."
of

two
a

dog

water

OPEN

WATER

third

their

the

by

reported
the

running
estimated

mile

the

Here

tide

found,

and

miles

to

time

the

other

289

the
and

same

the

vessel,

all established

rules,

have

small

inspect
their

prevented
Chester
hour

at

been

open

to

'*On

the

the

going

the

rounding

journeys
was

ordered,

third
of

current

The

the
upon

sled,
now

cape.

mile

one

existence

regarded
in

ter
Ches-

which

the

north.
was

more

and

dogs

water

open

has

"

28th, Mr.

with

party

the

water

boat

sled

diary

observed

toward

this

large

Hall's

"

subject:
a

to

went

of

to

four

the

; at

falling

was

north

way.

upon

an

the

was

from

at

hour

per

should

Page

Mr.

at

the

to

estimated

according

current

half

water

open

running

mile

tide

to

hour

same

ously
vari-

rate

miles

24th

current

half

whereas,
the

the

variously

rate

the

current

falling."

on

at

four

water

open

reported
north

at

was

again

the

at

from

hour;

per

vessel

difficulty. Leaving

the

to

reached

They

They

m.

p.

131

seamen.

without

cape

there

at

POLES

sled, they arrived

about

THE

NEAR

as

able
favorA

spring.
which

one

THE

132

of

the

boats

could

proposed
Toward
western

with

the

Reference

the

extensive

on

view

field.

fog,

impenetrable

hardly

able

to

There,

above

and

pleasure

fifteen

as

by

most

to

paces

was

the

the

ice of the

which

west

it

south

considerable

new

utes
min-

winter.

toward

fog-stratum,

hanging,

and

all

in

twenty

for

the

joy

phenomenon

though

free

beautiful
was

see

northwest,

remained

black

dark,

cover

time

straits, where

as

long,

before

observed

never

and

last

ferred
re-

by Hall,

short

the

My

to

the

water,

open

is made

for

over

sufficed

only

and

frequently

so

appeared

however,

not,

fog,

had

"I

white

of

explorers,

water

open

spot
did

301

page

very

the

by

to

the

possible.

north.

going

to

as

was

distinctly seen/'

evidence

current

it

which

soon

the

to

sky cleared,
be

have

we

as

the

could

coast

Again

of

extent

evening

POLES

transported

ascertain

to

THE

OF

be

the

water,

open

on

PHANTOM

time.

bay,

intensely

most

white,

continually changing

its

height.''
Being

in

winter,

Anything

he

that

calls
could

it
cause

enon.
phenomthat

fog

OPEN

WATER

be

must

to

of

out

pole,

warm

the

coming

page

236

from

If

way.

the

extended

ocean

land
be

would

It

be

must

with

there

fog.

air

and

other

some

pole,

that

produce

133

ordinary,

connected

or

the
to

in

POLES

solid, and

were

the

the

for

accounted
earth

THE

NEAR

rounding
sur-

nothing

was

caused

by

the

the

interior

of

the

earth.
On

circumstances

north

confirm
tells

He

299)

26th,

says

north,

rots

or

to

miles

"The

coast

thought,

must

winter

to

the

open

wide,

more

ice

separating

ice, and

I think

open

sinks,

and

the

the

see

or

mashed

the

we

Monday,

on

I could

as

it is all small

ahead

none

far

out

the

that

the

subject (page

the

journal,

fifteen

drives

of

and

round;

during

on

sometimes
But

ports
re-

existence

fogs, etc.,

more

'As

were

them.
either

us

(McGary)

year

W.

some

fact."

the

"Morton's

passages

with

S.

"Indeed,

the

to

the

the

to

seen

to

he

water-skies,

frequent

go

which

all

water

have

says

point

to

seem

Kane

to

space
as

could

it
the
see

north.'

after
trend

passing
to

the

the

he

cape,

eastward,

as

he

THE

134

could

at

land

time

no

But

"His

where

supposed
above

the

progress

be

about

the

like

its top

most

cliffs, of

takes

of

Arctic

Parry.

and

slowly
no

saw

in

this

on

the

at

Bay.
the

peak,

known
from

upon

the

great

Edward

Sir

summits

were

to

cannon-balls

his

use

of

succession

perspective.

on

says,

page

side

north

by

the

of

storms

up

the

150,

question:

open-water

still washed

broken

truncated

sugar-

declining
Mr.

Morton

ice."

Greely
to

stacked
the

remarked

resembling,
a

six

some

This

name

he
feet

Magdalena

The

rounded,

he

peak

travel.

expression,

loaves

point,

land

its

pioneer

own

the

at

arrested

north,

northern

globe,

still

hundred

its summit.

at

remote

generally

of

distance
the

bare

was

any

coast

was

this

west

farthest

in the

see

outlook

three

From

sea.

to

it

west

of

his
to

degrees

our

station

highest

point

below
the

POLES

THE

north.

the

to

OF

when

beyond.

opened

It

PHANTOM

the

of

Wrangel

open

the
sea-floe

sea,

previous
in many

in

reference

"The

Bay

cliffs
were

showing

that

month

had

places."

WATER

OPEN

Again,

on

snow,

as

the
Dr.

attempting

well

return

Taking

Henry.

for

the

few

in

returning

further

in

width

about

to

to

had

in amount

He

does

as

in

north,

the

that
water
a

the

the

but

is reflected

reader

of

but

an

as

some

northeast

the

strange

cloud

skies)

that

in

water-

established

certainty.

the

increase

the
of

(or
in the

for

signs indicating

water-cloud

question,

the

of

one

land.

distinctness.''

and

distinctness

clouds

the

while

and

of

increased

have

north

speak

not

and

amount

the

of

toward

miles,

three

water-clouds
increased

camp

to

it

opposite

water-space

found

was

the

in haste

and

old

the

stores,
Hecla

Cape

started

them

their

to

fects,
ef-

feed

three-quarters

between

extent

cided
de-

Joseph

to

arriving

of

water

open

mile

provisions

on

the

over

indispensable

only

but

from

him

Cape

to

days, they

Cape,

found

On

of

consequently

once

sufficient

and

for

He

at

clause

limiting

northward

pack.

of

melting

prevented

proceed

to

135

"This

the

as

orders,

disintegrated
to

POLES

254:

page

Pavy's

party

THE

NEAR

water

fact

where
is

no

"

the

longer

It may
reference

strike
is

THE

136

made

often

so

reflected
if the

in

of

the

Dr.

to

abandoned

it

offing

great

that

the

would

also

their

progress

The

ice

in better
from

the

as

He

the
liable

was

south.

diately
immewith

was

open,

ing
fear-

necessary,

Sheridan

Cape

and

the

in

impressed

was

up,

of

since

toward

break

seriously delay

homeward.''

leading

condition

there

pack

Channel

haste
ice

much

concluded

again,

Robeson

that

the

as

some

southward,

"that

idea

with

the

and

ice,

for

drifting

started

that

all times

255)

page

return

was

being

water.

northward

move

and

fire

articles,

land

at

the

water,

POLES

illustrates

reflects

(Greely,

unwise

the

This

it reflects

Pavy

THE

ice, and

sky.

reflect

as

accuracy

OF

water,

the

it will

land,

to

to

sky correctly

condition

it

PHANTOM

they

back

to

their

than

farther
clear

traveled

was

camp

and

north,
back

coln
Lin-

to

Bay.
"At
View

April

noon,

Point,

old

English

where

cairn,

the

24,

record

and

the

following day they

At

a.

m.

of

the

26th

party
was

in

the

reached
the

party

camped

at

left in the

evening
Harley
was

of

Spit.
again

THE

138

ing

PHANTOM

water,

open

Greely

writes,

the

thickness

entirely

at

deep
made

point

where

open

the

travel

of

keeping

couple

sharp
we

all

shall

dust,' from
feet

was

the

fed

which

eight

some

northern

partly

snow-clad

the

sight
to

open,

range

appeared,

hog-back,

one.

and
which

lake
of

and

day.
lake.

snow-clad

our

water

northward
base

the

at

(Hazen)

high

behind

at

blue

its

"

'diamond

the

To

the

severe

icebound

of

miles

task

dying

our

sun,

of

rocks

the

scene

reflected

pool

the

farther

midnight

ten

or

edge

Range)
which

in

river.

the

yards

immense

broad

Here

year.

rendered

covering

snowy

less
doubt-

stream

projecting

remember
an

to

disappeared

sledge upright

was

us

eled
trav-

hillside, where

and

hundred

N/'

decreased

entire

sharp

brought

turn

Before
Its

of

''We

which

the

the

to

slow,
the

have

river, keeping

open

and

snow

greatly

84 deg.
:

eventually

driven

were

of

275

page

and

remains
we

on

ice-walls,

bordering

in

latitude

the

alongside

POLES

Markham,

the

perhaps

THE

could, without

we

Commander

distancing
reached

OF

hills
and
summits

"

field
(Garabove
of

OPEN

WATER

the

United

their

NEAR

States

left

and

rounded

to

mountains
of

one

"The
our

excitement

and

for

culminated,
that

Council,

lamented

the

from

the

missed

all the

Polar

If

round.

good
failed
have
several
than

at

there

the

no

was

point

continually
him

turned

clared
de-

Greenland,

North
that
and

would

he

not

for

discoveries

reach

spent
cases,

of

open

water

the

year

be

open

water

the

year

farthest
be

anxious

here

Sea."

reason

to

and

which

foot

scene

speaks

Greely

round

the

which

ground

had

enthusiastically
have

was

engendered,

who

trip to

curving

enthusiasm

revealed,

frozen

reality

scene

vantage

all seemed

tended
ex-

impressiveness.

had

our

hidden.

back

The

and

discoveries

new

such

north.

in

the

joined

low,

snow,

until

west,

beauty

great

rule, of

they
the

to

as

the

To

shore

southern

and

east

with

rose

splendor.

the

on

perspective

139

Mountains

hills, bare,
far

or

POLES

unchanging

stern,

right

THE

assigned
the

their

point north,

pole?
time,

lives,
to

were

succeed,

can

all

why
The

yet,

have
that

men

comfort,
all

any

men

and,

in

more

strange

to

PHANTOM

THE

140

all

say,

failed.

weather

got

The

I could

as

in

pages

from

wind

The
make

sky

below

the

the

to

rocks

the

above

ducks

had

island

of

N.

and

the

"

the

26

highest

weather
from

northern

as

had
the

during
been

the

north),

sea

were

of

first

the
and

gulls

coast.

took

(this being

sun

last

and

in

The

the

cloudy,

was

gulls.

petrel

point

brig

to

N.

the

The

nesting

starting,

of

in

broke

the

out

near

it

of

rain-cloud,

were

but

Before

"

surf

dark

seen

waves

eastern

enough

"

silver-backed

channel,

the

ning
run-

breakers.

and

been

swell

small

since

seen

me,

not

about

one,

of

was

far

and

regular

meridian-altitude
the

northward

Dr.

"As

open,

due

W.

and

"June

was

Ivory-gulls

moUe-mock

hung

sea

was

I had

up.

there

from

379

if with

in

N.

first that

frozen

and

as

whitecaps

rocks

on

game

because

was

378

the

crosswise,
set.

found

extracts

are

discern, the

coming

the

place.

work,

POLES

because

they

it

No,

following

Kane's

to

and

warmer,

such

not

was

this

Was

plentiful ?

more

THE

OF

obtained
two

with
then

cept
ex-

days
gale
set

the

ing
blowoff

at

OPEN

WATER

POLES

THE

143

the

down

return

our

on

m.

p.

NEAR

channel

to

south.

the
"I

imagine

cannot

ice.

the

south

either

north,

to

tide

the
and
blew

and

Dr.
what

of
to

goes

dissolves.

tide

open

the

being

came

hours,

seven

wind

The
from

but

the
since

brought

it

no

not

from

slack
come

the

that
in

space

read

we

tide

it apparently

thus

the

pole, they

north

the
that

from

was

water,
from

imagine

cannot

ice, and

the

an

he

Again

hours

it did

; but

south

freshening
;

the

in-shore

channel

gale

that

says

becomes

there

in

it."

Kane

seven

to

space

and

been

in

fore,
there-

water.

the

had

nearly

ice with

that

down

of

must,

ran

slack

no

was

water,

yesterday

or

northward

heavily

open

north

only

miles

tides

The

both

make

from

there

open

an

dissolve.

or

seemed

to

go

It

of

spaces

fifteen

them.

stantly
con-

saw

great

to

the

altitudes

feet, I

ten

between

breadth,

but, from

ice, with

from

water,

open

no

of

strips

narrow

in almost

sets

of

becomes

hundred

five

than

more

current

strong
to

what

for

north,

showing

pole.
should

If the
have

PHANTOM

THE

144

had

low

The

tide

tide

and

all that

In

(page
this

west,

and

long

way.

it

when

ice
of

lands
the

east

had
we

patch

extent,
it

found
fiords

We

mapped

it all

this

did

not

help

they

seemed

island
the

us

to
to

had

It

any

find
be

no

only
then,

seemed
it must
of

along.

the
To

island, and

whole
as

covered
dis-

had

and

upon

well

as

us

it, only

now

traveled

hitherto

to

on

we

than

yet

thought

we

the

not

little.

is

in

us

We
as

extent

and

sounds

were;

dark

but

that
new

seemed

had

we

lifted

wider

we

land

of

for

There

everywhere.
its

on

southward

extend

snow

quite low,

of

south.

beyond

to

mist

the
be

the

seems

bears

discovering

snow

glimpses

caught

be

of

single

idea

there

work

journal

my

mysterious

and

clear

in

to

This

snow

find

land

extremely

to

"I

lands

great

during

Nansen's

of

continually

of

hours.

ice

no

information

more

Are

islands

six

plainly enough

volume

second

point:

one

shows

505)

day:

bringing

of

POLES

bring.

to

the

THE

expiration

wind

time,

none

was

the

at

OF

along.

way

could, but

we

where

out

only

crowd

we

of

PHANTOM

THE

146

colder.

or

In

manifested

in

cloud, fog,
Vol.

In

either

snow

I, page

the

condition

met

by only

ice which

has
of

top
all

was

think

upon.'
On

196

dead

water,

carried
heavier

all

as

his

follows

of

*We
of

were

that

day

ice

it

hardly

single piece

have

on

that

ice.

on

of

sort

noticed

river

of

fresh-water
we

to

cut

seal

up

better

is

along
sea

The

water

with

beneath

rests

and

this

the
as

difference

on

ent
pres-

it than

surface-

upon

the

fresh

water

ship, gliding
if

between

the
sea

at

studying
a

enon,
phenom-

had

We
of

for

whole

where

occurs

sea,

the

peculiar

water.

It

the

occurs

all

at

on

swept

opportunity

fresh

of

get

It

dead

volume,

same

we

us.

this

of

of the

and

desired.

water

of

of

account

channel:

or

hardly

with
"

layer

"

"

could

we

fiord

big enough

''We

writes

quantities

came

we

page

along

this

salt, and

melting

be

change

writes

layer

the

that

ice

of

his

'*In

small

of

Nansen

195,

of

would

it

rain.

or

Nordenskiold

voyage,

POLES

THE

case

kind

some

fellow-explorer:

the

OF

salt
is

on

fixed
the

the

dation.
fountwo

OPEN

WATER

strata

water

in the

case

from

got

room

far

Dead

form

of

stretching

waves

behind

the

forward
in

our

clear

The

if the

of

the

of

ship

I wish
sen's

to

call

water

those

for

The
is:

the

she

dead
he

within

the

ice, and

Nan-

to

What
that

water

be

to

that

one

could

they

was

touched."

mean

which

spite

present

water.

seems

water

the

attention

only theory
dead

In
momentum

of

edge

special

to

it seemed

till

speed

It

phenomena

account.

in

Does

current?

no

could

when

made

antics

back.
the

about
?

We

of

and

the

shock

information

is dead
has

of

two

far

little purpose.

sucked

we

one

as

stopped

engine

full

at

feel

hardly

the

or

sometimes

sorts

very

weight

go
or

to

were

Frains

fathom

all

it, but
the

instance

itself

wake,

turned

tried

for

ripples

amidships.

usually has,

she

the

course,

moment

as

smaller

or

the

used

manifests

across

almost

right around,
get

be

of

other, arising sometimes

as

loops

cock

salt to

water

the

surface,

bottom

too

while

that

the

on

larger

147

great

so

the

was

boiler.

the

POLES

drinking-water
we

engine

THE

in this

was

had

we

NEAR

I
at

of
not

can

sent
pre-

point

THE

148

where

the

strong

; the

the

salt

force

drawn

that

the

this
about

universe

that

"

According
make

this

case

that

bottom

far

too

found

that
be
York

in

harbor

we

the

salty

to

Arctic

other

ocean?

have

causes

of
be

the
used

fresh

Ocean

it?
water

in
had

water

difference

any

tween
be-

they
the

cock

ferent
dif-

water

while

in the

what

in

turned

surface,

there

any

difference,

is

could

ship

fresh

the

found

the

and

salt

from

Is

the

gravity

difference

obtained

water

of

was

of

laws

the

on

boiler.

if so,

and

water

the

the

b^en

they

great

so

was

dence,
evi-

or

and

drinking

room

milk.

entering

and,

centre

tinct
dis-

have

curve,

with

of

strata
was

proof

must

Nansen,

to

directions,
the

pan

not

point.

headway,

no

of

earth,

the

this

at

strongest

the

accordance

perfect

could

further

the

with

and

upon

round

of

earth

separate

water

half-way
interior

the
in

dead

than

water

as

any

heavier

the

fresh

cream

of

extremely

was

to

POLES

THE

being

laid

as

absence

the

gravity

was

it

upon

OF

water,

it, and

penetrate

In

of

centre

fresh,

such

PHANTOM

gine
en-

for
tween
beand

If

there

In

New

and

salt

WATER

OPEN

but

when

that

comes

water,
water

NEAR

is fresh

water,

coming

in from

is

Hne

no

and

the

THE

they meet,

the

the

where

be

can

is

gravity

should

strong

so

the

heavier

the

earth, and

that

the

the

lighter

just
of
that

poles

toward

cannot

one

No

centre

solidly

is drawn

body

be

have

the

near

there

fresh,

Ocean
I

it

meets

there

what

"

River

called

be

than

given

The

is salt ; but

Why

explanation

stated

that

then, in the Arctic

difference,
other

water

may

salt.

mix.

they
Hudson

ocean

one

149

the

down
and

other

POLES

trate
pene-

it.
Nansen

speaks,

kind

of

water

there

is

of the

point

there

Frmn

we

got

with
be

ahead

forced

notice

seemed
passage

clayey

quite

was

to

of

off

the

deep layer,
us

clayey

be

for

ship.

saw

ent
differ-

where

"

north

the

water

open

the

point,

When

covered

the

track
The

to

could

It

water.

either

I ordered

prised
sur-

was

suddenly

sea

it, but

and

us

through.

way

clear.

skimmed

the

us

water

**To

between

her

right

out,

brown,
a

of
ice

some

to

"

of

209,

page

commingling.

no

was

the

on

we

left

clayey
side

not

hind
be-

water

by

the

soundings

to

PHANTOM

THE

ISO

and

taken,

be

water

and

found,

five

then

and

stranded.

lay

sounding,
forward.

five

deeper

and

one-half,

full

speed

into

the

side.

water

and

There

was

blue.
from

came

went

We

were

water

The

out

the

other
dary
boun-

brown

surface

muddy

dently
evi-

water

river

some

at

on

sharp

the

six

soon

on

quite

got

we

went

wo

on

then

fathoms,

now

between

clear

the

six

blue

clear,

slowly

went

Presently

again.

line
and

"

very
stantly
Con-

lead

the

fathoms.

into

northeast.

Fortunately

showing

also

again

we

ice-floes

us

was

looked

Things

running

current

strong

six

then

one-half.

and

round

There

low
shal-

expected,

backed.

and

now,

suspicious,

very

as

POLES

THE

first, eight fathoms,

"

one-half,

stopped

OF

little farther

south."
claim

Many

body

frozen

considerable
of

frozen

of

water

that
over,

points

the

; and

in

the

Arctic

Ocean

for

is devoted

although
where

Arctic

the

water

space

open

I contend

that

that

tion
ques-

Arctic

regions.

Ocean

is

it appears

large

reason

the

to

is

fields

so

of

never

at

ferent
dif-

ice have

OPEN

WATER

drifted
and

lodged
two

spent

that

it

icebergs

that

straits

ice
the

that
the

almost

very

strong

large

floes

coming
the

making

by

the

be

safer

would

to

stay

beautiful,
!
we

I gave

the

and

with

sky

orders

pushing

were

steam,

and

time

we

stitch

knots

it would
but

were;

set

or

speaks

eight

"

this

smiling

to

until

point.

sunshine

the

at

interior,

the

miss

to

through

every

true

winds,

thought

so

it be

Nansen

where

and

opportunity;

filled

position,

work

annoying

be

ice would

of

that

''Sverdrup

too

If

from

past

his

Atlantic,

heavy

splendid

such

log.

be

of

212

page

ice

interior

is strongest

that

up

The

ice.

the

fields

currents,

shove

On

in

during

to

attraction

held

be

naturally

into

point, large

turning

would

of

that

connecting

constantly.

centre

Arctic

the

Arctic

the

the

and

clear

of

portions

with

Ocean

earth,
Nansen

by

from

up

sounds

and

cause

of

come

Arctic

fill the

and

in

closed

not

was

the

places.

proof positive

is

time

of

drifting

years

which

Ocean,

certain

at

151

interior

the

from

up

POLES

THE

NEAR

did
splenwas

and

sail, and
the
of

it

so

suring
reas-

soon

ice, under
canvas

that

PHANTOM

THE

IS2

crowd

could

we

be

must

vanquished

so

fast; she

knots

by

the

knew

how

had

open

eye

could

along

the

Fram

than

her

on

the
land

the

eight

though

as

through

were

water

Chelyuskin

more

depended

we

POLES

had

it seemed

much

Soon

Never

made

log;

THE

Cape

on.

gone

on.

OF

she

getting
ice, and
far

as

as

'

reach.

We

passed

new

fiords

point, discovering
the

on

caught
of

in the

far

islands

and

that

thought

through

mountains
be

soon

glimpse

some

must

and

way,

after

point

large telescope

north;

away
of

neighborhood

they
yuskin
Chel-

Cape

itself.''
This

was

succession

sailing directly

He

distance,
an

ought

the

covered

making

Had

he

only

made

would

yet

found

himself

he

have

to

have

when

he
in

going
was,

his

took

latitude

been
his
79

ing
sailing?
sail-

long

nine
five

knots

knots,

nearly

2,000

he

reckoning
If

degs.

straight north,
sailing would

was

he

was

of

distance

been

where

speaks

miles,

had

so,

he
not

was

he

as

hour.

If he

in

days

supposed

north.

nearly

or

fifteen

the

Nansen

when

north,

of

one

on

as

have

he

he

posed
sup-

taken

THE

154

with

perhaps,

shut

his

think

hardly

PHANTOM

would

position

he

in

enough

all other

to

his

but

stars,

shut

certainly

star.

one

far

was

view

from

out

seeing only

that

POLES

THE

OF

out

great

many.
On

.ward
at
we

218

page

avoid

to

were

looked

knots

vain

in

Nordenskiold's

was

ice at

of

frozen

fast

channel

before
of

farther

drift-ice

the
west

islands, lying
We

had

to

stop

corner

of

the

right

by

short

of

into

the

dark
on

the

land

air,

winter

ice,

other

had

at

see

sea.

from
at

noon

of
the

the

us.

was

of

an

the
little
small
coast.

western
northaccount

on

seemed

before

open

could

Chelyuskin,

side

an

couple

there

which

thick

way

before

that

visit,

out

drift-ice, which

the

again

for

Vegs's

we^

passed

we

bay,

We

but

of

land.

us;

but

greatest

think

The

with

the

to

the
not

time

telescope

did

the

that

"So

Bay

I had

time.

closed-in

now

edge

the

spare

clear

was

the

land, but

to

could

through
cairn.

inclination
we

Oscar's

south-

making

hour.-

an

King

off

now

sailing

ice-floes, and

some

nine

time

the

mentions

he

to

To

reach

judge

open

water

island

which

OPEN

WATER

NEAR

ahead.

lay
that

We

island,

with

firm

forced

ice ; and

her

outside

of

knots.

then, but

into
On

220

page

land

of

entirely.
quite

lost
did

enough,

*'In

the

it

of

to

of

rate
now

easily."
long

of

way

of

again;

the

did

nor

St.
our

maps,

day

strangely

and

Peter
the

of

losing sight

land, and,

St.

was

every

course

it

see

according

though,

of

the

ing
mak-

earth.

tells

not

wind

went

the

he

sight

islands

the

he

sailed

the

ice

the

on

night,

upon

that

Fram

and

at

through

got

interior

the

see

came

is apparent

It

we

We

the

all

went

of

closed

drift-ice

when
we

inside

evening

coast

way;

sure

quite

steamed

the

stiffest,

blowing

the

on

the

We

along

splendid

and

in the

it.

made

were

through

way

southward

nine

south,

155

and

fiords

or

the

to

POLES

landed,

straits

some

this

THE

we

Paul,
course

lay past them.''

This
and

his

they

were.

islands

If the

mentioned
then

did

know

not

knew

men

course,

that

shows

statement

they
where

nothing

above

were

wrong,

were

he

about

showed

charts

was.

explorer

the

where
that

the

on

or

the

ship's

Nansen

PHANTOM

THE

156

channel

"The
writes

Nansen,

continued

on

our

of

mouth
of

part

lower

mountains

and

kind

same

coast

sea

seemed

shorten

but

to

On

but

six

to

the

shallow

to

waves

direction,
It

was

of

warm

into

fathoms.

which

plain

that

water,

be

the
was

good,

Lena,

the

heard

there

so

in

that

expected.

had
with

beginning

lowing
fol-

than

water
we

us

open

more

east,

open

indeed

drove

"The

We
the

the

land."

never

"

coast

of

ice

says:

got

we

certainly

must

Nanseii

to

the

mouth

thick
the

free

attempts

for

by

the

and

open

across

time

As

way.

leaving

seven

roaring

whole

along

seen

by

day
water,

the

course

226,

page

apparently

several

channel

our

the

tolerably

every

but

between

had

we

made

striking

back

be

we

our

Olenek;

sea,

land

paratively
com-

region,

stretch

the

to

ice,

and

low

almost

the

from

of

past
ern
east-

is

Peninsula

the

strong

This

Chatanga.

level

now

coast,

mountainous

high,
with

the

along

Taimur

the

against

course,

the

'*We

225.

page

southward

current,
the

on

ice,"

from

still free

was

POLES

THE

OF

its
to

masses

assert

its

WATER

OPEN

NEAR

influence.

The

and

signs

showed
river
He

he

the
the

thought

Lena.

and
of

Ocean.

Nansen

More
on

are

pretty

and

the

air

high

flocks

is

dark
and

as

against
west

of

well

weather,

current

distance

right
where

from
between

the

is

given
i6th

northwesterly

through

got

as

pole

this connection

keeping

compass)

warm,

is

Lena

the

on

'^Saturday, September

have

Mild

the

warm

effect

the
the

discharges

is considerable.

227.

^We

(by

of

concerning

page

"

and

was,

points

two

side

country.

is not

any

Again:

opposite

the

on

it

year

have

to

that

which

water,

however,

enough,
Arctic

of

than

warmer

in

of the

seasons

deal

great

river

other

any

beria,
Si-

in

river

no

are

the

from

came

is

that

marked

so

Lena

less salt.''

much

water

its waters

certain

In

change

the

dy
of mud-

mixture
also

was

browner,

was

some

warm

Now,

those

of

It

I57

here

sea

water.

found

POLES

THE

of

35
us,
our

eider-ducks

but
the

to

ice,

no

see

northward.

comparatively

water

deg.

and

water,

open

north,

course

Fahr.

and

are

always

reckoning.
were

have

We

seen

siderably
con-

Several
in

the

158

THE

of the

course

to

the

day.

north

of

keeping

back

The

reader

regard

PHANTOM

us

ought

can

it be

will

their

far

they

location:

when,
in

pointing
they

as

their

keeping,

were

that

the
when

the

Nansen

same

and

On
met

would

had

as

that

with

ice, and

it

controlled

the
was

only

of

fair

not

recounts

their

small

westerly
northto

the

infer
pass
com-

time,

confusion,

and

supposed,
end

they

it all the
or

Nansen

22j

page

that

steering by it, was

was

individual,

all

was

controlled

mixing-up,

the

the

be

that

was

what

to

not

rection,
di-

fact, it

says

it

the

certain

compass,

Is

influence

that

reckoning

by

course.

ing
reckon-

direction

himself

tion,
posi-

exact

If

of

matter

Nansen

wrong.

in

ways
al-

ing/'
reckon-

basis

the

opposite

supposed,

in

are

fact, lost.

on

the

says

our

their

pointing

was

is

he

of

west

in

taken

compass

which

"and

knowing

as

were,

was

that

what

note

considerably
So

land

have

to

ice?"

the

to

We

POLES

THE

OF

at

the

was

pass?
com-

that

they

first, that

journey.

it

ever,
How-

drift-ice; and

he

OPEN

WATER

made

good

"Next

day

little to

began

to

get

for
1

far

as

as

read:

west

and

we

had

north

to

to

are

find

I had

than

latitude

and

75
and

the

the

thought
rose

So

from
far

the

north

that
so

regularly

see

it

if
a

are

more

in

still open
and

ice, which,

that

"

everything

About

bow.

the

here

west.

ice-light

was

I could

it is

We

dark

starboard

course

is correct,

have

there

proaches.
ap-

which

on

expected.

to

noon.
after-

the

Now

and

sky

clear,

our

J/^ deg. N.,

evening

on

shaped

theory,

is better

from

wind

compass).

current.

Biel-

of

moment

little north

Shaped

west

in

is based,

expedition

able
notes

day.

decisive

if my

be

Weather

progress.

(by

east

it; and

September

good

sea;

north-flowing

In

of

in my

the

to

12.15

proved

whole

splendid

hold

to

not

But

hoped.

the
At

water

should

we

little sunshine

Now

we

that

clear

keep

to

Open

good

sailing

had

ice, and

met

Island.

be

"good

had

northward,

course

the

to

159

following day (Monday,

8th)

koff

he

south

fear

POLES

progress."

we

the
to

the

our

THE

that

further,

States,
and

NEAR

ahead

seven

ever,
howresem-

PHANTOM

THE

i6o

it

land, but

bled

the

to

from

the

found

that
and

north,
On

228

the

an

open,

dark

night

rolling

hundreds

air

the

waters,
this

took

his

in

latitude

be

but

had

north.
he

reckoning
755^

unknown

deg.

away

no

so

was

ship

over

boat

or

have

been

southerly

more

mild

north

away

might
in

it

lands,

where
''We

was

that

sailing

to

sea,

miles

of

had

steadily

remarks

before.

been

he

still ahead.

he
to

reflection

speak of,

to

water

feeling

in

for

September

latitude."

They
earth

was

open

page

strange

had

he

he

farther

days

supposed,

when

However,
found

he

as

the

thirteen

previous

continued,

Biel-

be

Kotelnoi/'

interruption

no

tinctly.
dis-

see

might

be

even

snow-covered

the

to

big light spot

might

east

For

in

and

Island,

if it

as

POLES

THE

dark

too

was

It seemed
koff

OF

at

in

surely

were

that

point,

the

several

interior
miles

of

the

past

the

turning point.
Under

Tuesday,

following

day)

'T

never

sail.

have
On

to

the

September

(page
had

north,

19th

228),
such

he
a

(the

writes:

splendid

steadily north,

with

i62

THE

it

if anyone

myself

fortnight

me

reflections

and

had

to

led

me

farther

way

one's
No

PHANTOM

inferences
open

water

north;

but

it is

had

we

and

morning
still

We

evening.

; but

day

going

After

half-speed,

suddenly

referred

their

direction,

evening;

but

they

morning

and

afternoon,

"I
not

dream,"
have

must

know
As

almost

was

it
on

the

he

ice-lights
in

the
all

weather
as

quence,
conse-

if this

myself

on

go

they

half-speed.

at

to

means

afraid

even

and,

the
with

Greenland

stream

the

is

"One

230.

page

against

gone

what
it

writes

No

not

ask

to

were

fortune,

thick

had

running

have

all

we

were

sky.

any

were

that

good

in

were

whole

the

something."

on

the

to

now

even

weather

we

as

that

correct.

so

not

thick
so

good

seldom

land

no

and

fog

discussing

again

saw

forenoon,

at

coming

direction,

my

subject

for

be

to

out

All

the

on

expect

any

it to

it is.

true

turn

POLES

THE

prophesied

; but

ago

ice-lights in

of

had

inspirations

in the

OF

to

stream.

expedition,

so

it is here."
He
he

asks

regards

it

himself,

as

"Is

such
it not

good
a

fortune

dream?"

that
Yet

OPEN

WATER

they

were

no

were

two

weeks

On

the

an

and

later

evening
it

of

to-day,
When

with

in

water

deck

the

here.

visible

distance.

bucket

the

to

guillemot

in the

almost

could
be

to

up

sparkling

was

One

black

wash

to

life

any

or

hauling

was

they

refers

he

page

sea-gull

than

pole

the

before.

same

auk

Saw

163

POLES

nearer

"Hardly

water:

THE

NEAR

noticed

the
that

phosphorescence.

have

one's

imagined

self

south."

in the

This
the

is

second

the

phosphorescent
in

caught

that

part

instance,
a

embers.
found

every

This
in

many

of

the

nearly
2

st he

interior

cases,

find
the

the

met

of

an

the

in

it would

be

not

interior

for
This

journey's
ice-floe

the

end

coming

earth, and

for
prising
sur-

eflfects
of

purpose

proved
;

be
terior
in-

the

phosphorescent

darkness.

Nansen's

will

provides

Nature
and

glowing

things

perhaps,

other
an-

ing
empty-

like

of

they

In

that, when

condition

earth.

to

relieving

world.

the

stated

he

emergency,

throughout

of

notes

fish

the

fish, they looked

of

net

and

water

he

that

time

for,

up

supposed

to
on

from
it to

be
the
the
be

i64

PHANTOM

THE

solid

in

ice

OF

north.

the

THE

He

PQLES

(page

says

233):
**So
a

in

the

boiler

shift

and

with

water,

here

and

that

this

there
is

should

his

on

would

not

trying

to

stopped

think

that

of

the

to

October

earth

the

one

well

might

commencement

this
of

nothing

12th,

of

From

stopping-place.

one
Any-

point.

Pole
the

was

progress

thing, yet

North

that

their

interior

such

the

to

get

conclude

of

presentiment

that

at

the

to

floes

large

why

reason

way

in

harbor."

winter

no

have

I have

the

lying

are

few

to

clean

to

We

only

; but

our

is

There

prepared

coals.

fast

made

we

ice-block, and

great

open

meantime

time

special

on

note

occurred.
Three
water

still open

was

October
and

our

the

middle

stretched
the
and
the

12th.

floe

of

atmosphere
blue.

As

crow's-nest

to

(page
In

"

large,
the
at

far
with

the
as

on

blue

horizon
we

the

could
small

we

in

water

lane,

and

the

day,
"Thurs-

morning

open

north,

that

273)

the

drifting

were

far

mentions

later, he

weeks

in the
was

see

which
north
dark
from

field-glass.

OPEN

WATER

there

was

end

no

and

the

to

there.

165

These

with

water,

open

ice

of

only single pieces

here

POLES

THE

NEAR

sticking

in

up

it

extraordinary

are

changes."
He

speaks

again
in

"that

it

again,

this

the

north/'

indicates

northern

"this

of

on

far

indicated

page

278,

the

and

To-day
the

dark

same

of

extent

some

mosphere
at-

towards

away

where

horizon,

dark

water.

open

stretched

same

mosphere
at-

open

water."
On
the

282

page

also

north,
October

the

ice opens

and

day,

that

beforehand.

sea

open

What

can

pressure

floes
the

were

port

we

To-day

channel

open

the

to

far

as

this
has

to

well

north

had

as

pretty
up
were

regularly

against
once

it

on

same

it

beyond

and

This

in

It is still

the

view

our

on

when

calculate

can

north,

been

side, and

pretty

quite

we

mean?

packed

got

start

packing

so

day,
"Satur-

morning.

to-morrow

slackening
twice

clear

to

have

we

is

engine

are

we

water

open

ice-pressure:
To-day

"

the

rudder;

order, and
the

the

14.

of

speaks

he

extended.

evening
violent.
the
or

the
The

Fram

on

twice

on

i66

PHANTOM

THE

the

of

point

toppling
broke

ice, however,
back

OF

and

again,

below;

had

to

rail.

the

over

POLES

THE

tumbled

they
under

go

The

after

us,

all."
On

is the

everything

it showed

taken;

and

indicated

drift

steady
been

not

With

all my
all

going

south

here,

steamed

we

and

the

bay

These

could

going

current

W
,

I,

here

current

If

one.

how

is

north

for

only

be

which

in

southto

current

great,
be

gether,
to-

two

any

be

runs

open

sea

explained?

farthest

produced by
I

but

ing,
reason-

ought

to

across

tainly
cer-

of it ?

and

the

not

is

reason

two

that

ended

we

has

all my

there

"

this

to-day,

be the

account

cannot

north-going

north

of

ing
drift-

are

there

lately;

information,

putting

my

we

There

can

The

understand

not

the

What

strong.

that

either

little from

oms
fath-

again.

water

southward.

wind

much

sounding

thirty-fivemetres),

I do

southwest.

had

had

he

seventy-three

sounding-line

are

what

over

deeper

we

of

why

"I

in

so

know

to

be.

hundred

(one

puzzled

reverse

it should

figured

is

he

291

page

the

presupposed.

north?
northThe

OPEN

WATER

NEAR

which

only thing
west-going

167

out

me

which

whole

our

POLES

puts

current

during

us

THE

bit

is that

had

we

against
berian
Si-

the

along

voyage

coast."
What
after

he

days,

from

with

had

sailed

there

was

That

southerly

would

lead

ice

was

no

have

drifted

and

had

the

ice

floes

in

the

he

basis

that

they

would

problem
of

have
have

the
not

the

answers

the

of

the
vanced
ad-

earth,

met.

low,
hol-

was

sailing north,
to

clear
of
was

to

had

the

earth

were

He

evident

he

he

admitted

reasoning.

water

is

of

water

been

current,

interior

interior

that

would

open

that

fresh

supposed,

queries
the

of

known

he
and

the

there

confined

evidence

quantity

Had

as

the

ice.

no

it

or

It

from

into

far

there

"

and

of

body

is

Another

little

impression

Arctic,

come

fog

current

through.

the

21,

what

"

south-going

vast

sailed

successive

from

north,

the

the

that

earth.

is

the

to

that

September

to

the

to

with

closed

he

mainly

arose

much

so

fifteen

for

interruption

any

fact

the

was

September

hardly

was

him

puzzled

him,

to
a

these
or

different

also

going

i68

PHANTOM

THE

out

of

salt

not

nearly
On

he

338
find

the

day.
and

now

out

reaching

no

lines
have

such

deep

In
of

to

many

cases,

water

being

February
wind

that

the.

yesterday.

to

light,

sound

day;
to-

metres

of

done

line
have

We

be

Who

find

should

we

water

of

curve

said

I have

as

as

miles
399,

21st,

under

In

date

put
the

up
out

upper

as

in

is held

is, in
the

bottom,

deep.
of

says:

Took

it is

there

no

miles

Nansen

were

and

I suppose

and

interior

the

before,

land,

practically

continues.
which

to

no

water?''

be

page

on

bottom.

guessed

position by gravity.

On

have

fathoms)

the

we

we

hundred

is to

earth,

likely

Here

tried

We

; what

rounding

the

extraordinary,

moving

are

why

day,
"Thurs-

passes.

hundred

without

could

is

twenty-one

eleven

more

is

water

know

to

day, though

again.

had

"the

water.

It

"

we

summer

(over

loss

time

the

shortest

But

is at

deep

21.

all, how
at

are

says,

such

December
after

he

as

POLES

THE

salt/'

so

page

should

he

water

OF

the
the
one,

Wednesday,
"The

south

bag-nets
day
which

day
to-

before

hung

and

N.

left his

touched

the

stretching

seen

iceless

an

in

with
five

great

expanse

of
for

claiming
only
without

feet

above

any

such

facts

^'i.

it this
the

to

facts

free

fifty-two

this

channel

by

"3.

pearance
ap-

In

sea.

or

theory.

by

width

mean

along

had

been

and

belt

twenty-two
the

this

the

ence
refer-

I have

ice, having

thaw

unbroken

to

of

support

Among

following:

coast-ice

The

ing
roll-

channel
of

length

of

thirty-six

miles.

geographical
"2.

with

actually observed,

or

from

and

was

sea

all

iceless

approached

was

the

confirmation

the

are

along

height

character

deduction

It

entirely

and

it

swell

presented

open

seeking

from

and

At

an

who

north,

heavy

whitecaps.

still

It

coast

the

W.

to

western

and

hundred

min.

way

towards

far

POLES

THE

Morton,

his

it the

horizon,

about

an

made

From

coast.

William

by

and

dogs

OF

65 deg. 35

longitude

only

was

of

PHANTOM

THE

170

of

the

miles

stroyed
de-

completely
action,

water

solid

water-line

ice,

one

in diameter,

while

hundred
ed
extend-

south.

gale

from

the

northeast,

of

fifty-

NORTHERN

ENTRANCE.

WATER

OPEN

NEAR

four

hours'

from

that

drift

invested

clouds

in

of

he

as

his

by

that

water

open

Nansen

in

the

Now,
in the
who

the

atmosphere
what

Antarctic

spent

southern
"At
observed

nearly
portion,

Cape

Adare

during

had

who

two

the

seen

all

with
this

Fram,

apart

was

winter,

seen

ever
when-

favorable.

Louis

years

tells

the

"

found
ice

obtaining

conditions

region

there,

the

on

was

the

are

south

winter."

them

skies

he

we

leaving
kept

March

turn

Jackson,
trip

long

535,

water

open

all the

After

Johansen.

to

which

to

and

distance

had

by

refers

in

great

of

water

after

served
ob-

were

534

pages

hut, but

he

water-sky

birds

that

no

atmosphere

Herein
him

at

stopped

open

dark

II,
found

been

was

same

the

Vol.

winter

our

any

its waters.''

now

have

must

disclosing

horizon.

migratory

of

"We

says:

sea

and

northeastern

thronging
Nansen,

heavy

ice.

Crowds

"5.

brought

nimbus

the

i73

without

quarter,

Dark

"4.

duration,

other

or

POLES

THE

us

huge

Bernacchi,

in the

extreme

bergs

perfectly

calm

were

often

weather.

traveling

"In

is where

ward
to-

39.)
they

meet

so

icebergs/'

"An

open

ice, is

tells

did

they

back

turning

But
the

from

apparently
I also

of

from

"

smoke

of

part

or

After

the

that

"

frozen,

the

not

why

poles

"

are

do

the

if there

in

sea,

interior

the

of

tic.
Antarc-

that

Mount
saw

interior

the

of

account

on

of

the

in.

evidence,
believe

frozen
that

such

is it

that

bodies
these

explorers
be

at

Bernacchi

way

believe

the

opinion

in

can

anyone

do

winds

foregoing

oceans

they

north,

pole.

discovery.

entering

the

is

lost

great

which

coming

earth,

the

He

instead

on,

being
a

of

high

am

of

pole

magnetic

the

made

favor

in

earth

Erebus^

fear

have

am

the

they kept

for

would

they

had

and

found.

be

can

reach

not

regions."
,

they passed

that

us

sea

open

from

free

Antarctic

the

an

do

why

They

the

in

with

declares

If so,

comparatively

sea,

met

He

the

hour

per

(Page

sea

open

POLES

THE

knots

northwest."

this

many

If

OF

four

about

at

the

of

PHANTOM

THE

174

ble
possi-

the

spective
re-

of water
oceans

fail

places

to

are

reach

WARMER

NEAR

THE

POLES

175

CHAPTER

WHY

IT

One

of

the

WARMER

IS

the

If

poles.

attribute

the

has

found

been

poles
shown
farthest

poles

that

"

it could

come.

of

best

those

will
form
In

his

be

to

In
able

be
own

''Captain

read:

''We

the

to

made,

tiful
plen-

more

have

we

that

presenting
judge,
the

very

heat

the

the

only place

the

vegetation

then

of

be

can

supposed

is

claim

as

it

made

that

interior

the

seems

to

the

near

the

game

to

we

however,

who

south,

right

from

comes

that

those
toward

farther

reasonable

are

If

warmer.

life, that

than

near

heat

produce

to

the

warmer

what

to

it is warmer,

more

that

Nothing,

advance

shows

is

heat?

it

it is

so,

quoting

by

"

be

POLES.

proofs

is that

this

make

to

THE

NEAR

principal

is hollow,

earth

XII.

earth,

as

from

which

the

reports

little

reader

ment
com-

should

opinions.
Hall's
find

Trip,'' page

Last
this

much

warmer

i66,

THE

176

than

country
Alexander
of

PHANTOM

the

mountains

Strait

found

we

ice, with

covering,

saw

min.,

from

the

"We
abounds

latitude

the

strait, and

direction

east-northeast
seen

about

side

east

of

mountains

have

found

with

life, and

that

as

the

seals, game,

geese,

bears,

partridges,

lemmings,

while

water

Arctic

long

the

above

sun

draws

Nansen

for

warmth,

of

he

December

open

Our
October

the

tober
Oc-

meridian

at

special

attention

of

limb

upper

glacier

land

of

at

of

home
snow

frost

might

We
"

to

''Fancy, only

says:

Fahr.)

deg.

ourselves
in

the

2th."

(21^

the

in

commenced

only

seen

Our

encampment.

night

13th, having

foxes,

etc.

seals

two

this

at

Bay.

country

rabbits, wolves,

shot

be

can

musk-cattle,

have

30

extending

Polaris

by

we

deg.

ducks,

sealers

that

80

far

as

and

snow

glacier

side

Robeson's

bare

of

exception

the

and

entirely

Cape

either

on

Channel

Kennedy

POLES

From

expected.

we

the

THE

OF

forget
to

eighty-first parallel.''

the

in

12

that
north

deg.

middle

the

almost

the

imagine
were

we

of

the

PHANTOM

178

THE

Greenland,

while

He

Bay.

we

maximum

four

miles

fiftygeographical

in

page

256)

were

due

which,

and

these

that

raised

the

He

says

1892,

temperatures

storms,

of

one

given),

not

thermometer

F., 8y2 deg. higher than

curred
oc-

XI,

high

(date

February

The

us.

May.

fohn

severe

and

recorded

Mittheilungen,

to

in

of

he

February

(Petermann's

hundred

south

temperatures

POLES

McCormick

at

were

about

was

THE

OF

to

denly
sud-

deg.

50

had

instrument

my

recorded.''
It will

be

winds

strong

in
but

the

the

earth.

to

the

"This

us:

to

me

be

face

beach,

of
an

one

the

old

in

island
the

Ocean,
hundred

four

such

from

could
manner,

interior

the

volume,
came

we

earth

ably
consider-

Nothing

second

of

of the

Arctic

the

coming

in his

Nansen,
tells

of

away.

storm

of

interior

extremely

temperature

temperature

these

materially

miles

except
the

the

vicinity

fifty

raise

that
the

it very

affect

and

from

raise

only

not

observed

355,

page
to

seemed

lovely spots

most

earth.

beautiful

strand

lined

with

on

flat
shells

NEAR

WARMER

THE

about,

Strewn

cliffs

the

At

the

beach

bottom

of

When

that

with

able

to

that

the

land;

drift-ice

seaweed

of

Under

the

just beyond

drifts

the
reach

into

this

of

the

of

cliffs

beautiful

that

goal,

no

keep
there

leads
this

and

connects

been

has

one

pole, notwithstanding

the

is

they

them
one

life, less

more

yet

to

of

it is

where

going

is

little snow,
that

Nansen's

account

island,

fact

travelers
where

sought

all

be

fair

and

eternal

were

takes

description

progress

light,

the

snow."
one

but

denly
Sud-

to

forests

Fucus

there

rose-colored

and

sea

to

stone

seemed

life

the

the

us

twitter.

day

the

of

and

warmer,

beside

through

on

In

about.

from

whole

see

ia and

( Laminar

bottom

and

was

longer

I could

here

the

Here
no

were

the

hundreds

forth

and

fleecy clouds,

we

at

cheerful

burst

sun

sunshine.

urchins

fluttered

their

with

water

sea

were

auks,

snow-buntings

dear

swimming

were

little

of

and

visible

overhead

screaming

stone

snails

were

amphipoda

the

belt

where

(Echinus)

I79

narrow

along shore,

and

POLES

the

make
the

ice,
no

much-

strongest

PHANTOM

i8o

THE

arguments

that

farther

The

of

reach

time
be

and

the

him

bad

and

he,

in

be

to

he

there

bad

the

the

be

it

was

feared
to

it

than

hand

will

that

State,

curing

at

it

where

there
but

quite

was

So

After

he

chasing

returned,

harmless,
no

milk-

no

it

got

there, they

got

he

he

was

as

one

county

no

it.
ported
re-

was

when

adjoining.

the

poles

the

in

but

that

when

his

practice, thought

worst,

while,

spends

was

county

he

will

milk-sickness

much

story.

for
that

nearer

when

they

Some

county,

county

same

phantom

need

that

and

on,

him

told

in

in

the

was

sickness

the

ing
sail-

Illinois.

county

try his

to

for

started

the

certain

like

would

He

that

having

not

in

up

plain

but

Whoever

doctor

fog,

coming

find

for

be

passing

much

so

weather,

pole.

young

told

very

has

strength looking

like

one

he

comfortable

in

drift-ice

and

terior
in-

the

it will

succeed

that

place.

into

pass

interior, they will

and

such

no

warmer

they

clouds,

the

never

the

country

and

snow,

from

when

of

belt

explorers

earth,

and

found;
the

the

the

is

there

POLES

THE

OF

and

eled
trav-

told
the
ported
re-

disease

could

get

adjoining.

WARMER

NEAR

is much

That

73

On

one

of

of

which
he

"

creek

of

of

considerable

to

the

and

gathered

shows

the

explore

large

flock

in

open

an

the

and

covered

with

familiar

buttercup,

this

beasts

part

to

Does

of

of

our

that

was

new

sound

camp

of

three-

north,

were

hills

growth.
birds

settled

were

the

flowers,

greeting

warmer.

had

countless

and

the

speaks

sloping

luxuriant

but

musk-oxen

vegetation,

presence

and

he

the

ten

the

were

from

out

that

to

mile,

quietly grazing;

poppies

trip

eider-ducks

pool,
of

quarters

getting

surroundings,

of

Cape

desolation."

of

was

sarne

tation
vegeat

stay,

was

it

tended
ex-

of flowers

brief

our

that

on

than

varieties

which
The

abundant

eight

''This

drained

extent,

more

page

vegetation:
size, and

appearance

Again,

on

northwestward.

during

general
This

the

north

trips

account

an

moderate

seemed

to

gives

of

Hawks,

will

explorers

farthest

Greely's

speaks

valley

than

poles.

he

was

i8i

POLES

nearer

the

to

get

ever

"

THE

tic
Arcly
"Sure-

and

flowers

on

nature's-

home.''
as

if he

had

expected

to

i82

THE

find

was

of

tone

From

what

that

or

POLES

their

ence
pres-

occurrence?

everyday

an

THE

OF

things there,

these

it is the

PHANTOM

No:

surprise.
had

place

those

birds

and

EIDER-DUCKS.
in

Found

come?

game

miles
snow

deep.
summer

great

the
"

and

the

of

locations
are

as

found
it is

warmer

Arctic

Circle,

for

them

is covered

in many

in

South

earth

They

numbers

with

perpetual

thousands
in

that

many

of

feet

location

in

farther

north,

WARMER

NEAR

would

they

THE

of

interior

their

able

find

to

is that

theory

Greely

at

were

we

the

this

the

point

he

them

also

the

noted

four

to

appeared

to

buflfalo

the
be

indicated

winter

resort

no

for

of

man

had

these

musk-ox,

ever

ited
vis-

Connell

of

be
the

flows
that
with

season.

found

trail

the

to

and

the

also

the

the

At

wolves,

he

to

during

valley.

plainly

they proceeded

white

trails

of

of

"While

evidently

musk-ox

trails

which

As

valley,
a

264

that

first

the

musk-ox,

Leading

the

from

bay

My

go.

vegetation

river

ever

valley running

reported

months

summer

tinent
con-

interior

the

page

found

and

abundant,

they

Private

the

He

has

the

Pole.

on

camp,

of

mouth

northwest.

into

again,

says

one

no

South

the

that

into

pass

that

leave

where

out

they

earth, via

the

and

September,

suits

as

here

Australia

of

into

pass

far

as

or

colder

to

state

me

to

go

seem

earth,

Let

mutton-birds
in

They

the

nature.

been

likely to

in winter.

climate
the

be

not

183

POLES

Tar

what

( similar

to

West*),

valley

was

animals.''
farther

north,

where

trod, they found

showing

that

those

the
ani-

THE

i84

made

mals

it their
had

they
without

PHANTOM

we

about

bird,

flew

It

fox, lemming,
tracks

On

luxuriant

ptarmigan
captured,

the

day."

and

observed.
to

ice-foot,

musk-oxen

of

"Sergeant
fresh

fifty-two

recent

records

musk-oxen

seen

of

proving
place
the

in

that
siderable
con-

indications

date."

Brainard,

meat,

ing
pass-

traces

this

though

were

abundant

frequent

numbers,

of

was

mings
lem-

and

northeast,

and

Two
hare

Tracks

the

cating
indi-

near.

foxes

discovered,

were

animals

not

of

traces

camp

life, thus

flying around,

bear, going

the

gan
ptarmi-

"This

vegetation

were

were

were

and

says:

animal

in

prolific

the

he

330,

page

proved

these

Wolf,

agreed.

during

seen

and

276. )

( Page

on

all

were

ing
snow-bunt-

musk-ox,

hare,

of

behind,

from

all

as

camp,

size

the

neither

was

ptarmigan,

nor

of life.

about
us

miles

of

entering

swiftly by

disappeared.

ber,
Remem-

hundreds

signs

any

were

dark-colored

plover,

abode.

traveled

meeting

"As

winter

POLES

THE

OF

had

who

had

that

up

been

charge
to

this

obtained

of

date

in

THE

PHANTOM

If the

musk-ox

i86

skinned.
time

of

after

could

Where

one

of game
reached?
summer.

of

Can

anyone

tell

Greenland

is

Arctic

the

be

found

in

summer,

it

would

migrate

in

winter?

It

where

is.

it

trails

winter

would

warmer

not

if

not

they

do

interior
Nansen

description
which

to

go

go

of

(Vol.
of the
one

be

better

tells

us

go

south

points
suppose

climate
to

stay

that

the
make

Since

it becomes
instinct

north,
in winter.

they

trip
game

musk-oxen

there.

south,

the

his

to

colder

they

as

feet

the

the

that

with

northerly

to

quarters

tells them

If

in

it goes

of

report

Greely

indicate

there

reasonable

it

north

thousand

extreme

is

point

covered

overland.)
the

dance
abun-

where

ten

Peary's

to

at

is

to

one

such

found

game

(Vide

deep.

from

regardless

farthest

The

from

snow

the

the

find

and

go
at the

as

winter?

their

on,

conditions.

weather

in

length

skin

the

tainted,

becomes

meat

is left any

with

death

POLES

THE

OF

must

And
go

into

earth,

II, page
conditions
can

judge

75)

gives

that
of

the

us

obtained,
warmth

NEAR

WARMER

of

the

that

which,

bears, auks,

where
a

land

seals

Canaan,

POLES

"I

weather:

with

THE

and

black

for

two

eyes

only

who

it must

for

provisions

the

ice,

milk

have

of

needs
for

and

be

must

and

seals

in

good

the

Arctic

honey,

the

the

Circle.

rifles and

surely yield food

the

teems

SEALS.

slaughter

men

April,

guillemots,

on

with

flowing

natives

in

even

basking

are

help believing

cannot

SHOOTING
How

187

enough
but

moment,

journey

good
not

also

onward

to

Spitzbergen."
This

was

Nansen's

remark

when

he

was

i88

about

leave

to

drifted
In

the

the

land

in order

to

for

"

unbroken

land

there

; but

clear

mist,

on

prevalent,

Ocean.

The
air

earth

(where

should

produces

mist,

generally

snow,

"As

in

mentioned

clear

of

us.

us.

weather,

lies in front

land

This

be.

we

flat,

land

to
are

without

clouds
be

of
to

not

ceasing;

spoken

plain

explanation

the

atmosphere

when

it passes

fog,

or

summer

Volume
before

is

or

by

that
of

the

wholly

in winter

out

cloud;

as

Arctic

seems

interior

the

of
for

accounted

than

from

comes

diflferent),and

Nansen,

and

best

warm

left behind

of

front

it is.''

diflferent

something

out
with-

have

weather

as

fog,

to

doing,

attached

Mist

and

in

must

be

gives

sensation
are

the

must

push

must

The
so

where

he

mile

hopes

it appears.

have,
we

we

in

see

ice

kind

some

had

weather

to

we

see

found

we

always

are

us

to

as

he

346,

curious

POLES

ice-floe.

an

page
as

mist,

able

being

in

months

is

THE

after

Fram,

evidence

in

OF

volume,

''It

paddle

We

five

same

warmth.

The

the

nearly

additional

of

PHANTOM

THE

but

more

winter.

II, page

354,

(August

says:

13),

WARMER

had
to

THE

NEAR

first

at

POLES

of

seen

bounded

position,

our

westward

could

we

have

to

come

of

part
and

so

far

countries

the

But

so

far

to

be

that

situated

East.

This
but

in

the

had

82

Archipelago,

Payer.
seen

even

which

ought
and

North

52

ble;
incomprehensi-

indeed
there

nothing

seen

not

deg.

must

western

by

Land,

was

was

had

we

Oscar's

of

anything

in
or

we

We

discovered

west

that

consequently

we

land

that

west

of

south

possibility

Josef Land,

Franz

the

traveled

degree

region

new

now

noticing

have

The

it is

was

finallyexcluded.

be

to

to

traversed

we

half

in this

be

hold

now

of

for

Buda-Pesth.

Cape

nothing

without

Land

good

pears
ap-

this

have

either;

now

which

by

If

must

we

of

trace

any

side.

Wilczek

and

glacier

Glacier,

one

this

was

west

our

on

but

there

as

Dove

on

sound

Sound,

impossible,
be

the

supposed

Rawlinson's

be

189

other

any

tion
explana-

?''
And

this

traveling

and

floating ice,
farther

into

is

Nansen's

drifting
when
the

he
interior

experience
more

than

undoubtedly
than

any

after
year

on

passed
explorer.

PHANTOM

THE

190

himself

he

although

THE

OF

did

POLES

know

not

he

where

was.

Schwatka

After

region.

ask

naturally
winter.

Some
does

it

where

such

an

winter.

Most

mentions

is

number

the

the

earth,

and
"In

"is

polar

in

been
I

have

line
more

of

life

than

the

of

heavy,

are

ka,
Schwat-

seen

miles,

in Terror

eiders

The
who

writer
so

an

to

and

the
The

constantly

'are

in

as

summer.

many

extending
three

sure

interior

says

the

of

says

Spitzbergen,

them

the

literature.

polar

frequently

the

so,

quite

am

abundant

so

of

one

rotges,'

if

birds

the

to

common

or,

world,"

given

or

in

Schwatka

all

of;

place

no

goes

that
at

; but

long journeys.

I have

in
auks

of

during

is but

of
game

into

regions

Bay

south

not

in the

aquatic

instance

it goes

limited.

for

place

no

the

think

many

built

not

during

game

passes

as

goes

of

the

can

be

game

will

amount

the

know

certainly

must

that

that

stop?

of

location

reader

it

say

tic
Arc-

in the

game

reading,

where

where

any

of the

speaks

countered
en-

little
has
that

numerous

uninterrupted
a

distance
so

close

of
to-

SWARM

A
birds

These

regions

that

skies, their
of

four

found

are

when
little
or

OF

they
voices

five

plentiful

so

fly

overhead

being

miles.

AUKSj

often

in

they
heard

the

Arctic

darken
from

the
a

tance
dis-

with
for

first time

the

beyond
Jackson

sound

On

With
his

ice, made

north

the

Andrew

Cape

"

him

upon

to

seen

cape

retraced

and

danger

steps
his

good

few

ice,

weeks

water

hundred
unusual

ing
reach-

and,

landing

on

would

they

continuing
broke
shores

frigate,
sailed

up

channel
for

four
were

or

their

As

or

all that

five
could

for

But

them

in

evidence

the

of

Morton

nor

the

on

cape,

nomena
phe-

new

They
so

was

on

were

that

open

traveled

into

an

small
be

north,
iceless

pieces
seen

over

"

have

frigates, might

they

expanded

'flies,

crow

exploration,

of

this

ice beneath

them.

fleet

it.

the

of

takable
unmis-

channel,

only

the

Landing

upon

of

and

Hans

it.

for

Hayes

miles.

believe

Neither

prepared

the

of

the

the

birds

of

way

not

eyesight.

and

six

"From

region

as

was,

sight

giving

the

to

and

Dr.

by

seen

before,

mysterious
one

adds:

Kane

302

page

southernmost

"

broke

Then

coast."

new

the

band

water.

was

"

difficultyhe

fact

protruding

POLES

advance.

to

the

dark

long,

THE

OF

refused

terror,

that

PHANTOM

THE

194

this

area;

lumps
the

en-

WARMER

NEAR

tire

surface

Viewed
six

the
the

as

of

extent

In

the

north,

and

finding
which

this

thousand

it filled with

there

had

for

warmer,

what

made

blowing

in

from

produce

have

differently
earth.

iceberg

any

belch

out

is, the
of

at

the

poles

of

earth
the

interior

breeze

interior

If

the

colder

winds,

elsewhere

breeze

furnace.

The

of

atmosphere

the

on

off

blow

hollow,

then

operates

cold

that

climate,

Nature

cannot

red-hot

being

How

becoming

than

than

more

dred
hun-

one

atmosphere,

is that

game,

theory

was

still

say

hot

it

warm

to

the

it so?
a

of

south.

on

If

water,

open

farther

accounted

would

to

sign

no

miles

six

all kinds

been

miles

six

earth

ice,

of

speaks

and

^olid

solid?

warmer.

liable
re-

ed
estimat-

justly

Kane

hundred

is

the

to

open

four

excerpt,

over

and

out

than

more

one

due

all

had

sea

waters.

taking thirty-

radius

mean

above

traveling

the

whitecapped

miles/'

square

is

195

cliffs,and

this

survey,

of

its

of

from

miles

POLES

THE

an

can

fact

air

passes

earth;

hence

the

is

necessarily

196

THE

OF

PHANTOM

CHAPTER

XIII.

WHENCE

DRIFTWOOD

driftwood

The

material

some

and

floated

the

cannot

further

and

that

the

interior

of

the

hollow,

Siberia.
it

there,

supposed

If

then,

the

over

so,

have

must

Why,

pole.
sail

explorers,

ing
border-

present

the

from

shores

found

very

course?

same

Because

there;

why
the

itiaterial

the

from

say

the

past

is

from

earth;

come

earth

came

it

of

Ocean,

the

that

proof

other

sides

Arctic

the

CAME.

IT

and

northern

the

on

POLES

THE

if

it
same

they

have

place

hollow.

"

explored,
this

explorers
to

get

knowing
If the

they got

compass

half-way

have

One

which

all

in view,
not

not

from

Heretofore,

could

route.

as

that

from

came

never

they

had,

the

object

driftwood

the

sued
pur-

sailed,

or

driftwood
have
far
the
told

round,

ask

might

had

came.

but

north

as

earth

anything
or

to

more,

one

sible,
poswas

ter
afit

DRIFTWOOD"WHENCE

would

locate

had

just

the

from

pole)

that

it

that

had

out

again,

the

was

how

tells

Connell
coniferous

tree

thirty
feet

carried

long,

for

cut

up

in

that

timber

of

did

Whence

place

that

can

large

above

just

It

was

and

for

of

where

it

There

of, and

was

time

is

there

it

that

camp-fire

mentioned

think

been

first

the

Now,

come?

some

to

years

portion

man.

near

it

found

of

dimensions

anywhere

vate
Pri-

that

100,

bright, cheery

to

the

work.

apparently

ing
know-

not

mark.

couple

firewood,

valley

stormy,

beach

had

and

to

such

circumference,

current.

comfort

gave

in

under

and

page

the

inches

within

point by

earth

high-water

extreme

thirty

the

should

on

going

impossible

to

Frederick

and

steer

through

on

us,

would
were

next

compass

ship,

the

not

they

weather,

foggy
the

Greely

about

of

therefore,

they

passing

and

cloudy,

be

the

passed

and

thinking

conditions,

place they

aware,

round,

interior

the

not

compass,

turned

the

(having

and,

It would

reach

the

197

from

north

come

magnetic

north.

CAME

IT

ing
growfound.

was

is

no

but

that

one

is the

interior

of
native

from

Farther
that

found

six

were

or

coniferous

were

drifted
be

from

obliged

almost

to

the

interior

open

water

of
to

lift it above
On

page

about

half

old

an

four

long,
thick

piece

"

split from
It

308

Greely

mile

from

of

driftwood

the

Note

tree

that

must

he

or

it would

have

speaks

six

four

as

feet

inches
ly
evident-

of

indications
been

found

he

coast

branch

that

us

fir, and

of it

to

waves

mark.

and

and

have

water;

nearly

or

and

from

tidal

the

body

wood

it would

informs

wide,

all

came

high-water

partly buried,

was

that

in, and

the

four

miles,

if it

hand,

pine

from

frozen

drift

apparently

pieces

this

of

earth,

inches

the

surface,

the

the

If

through

other

above

Nearly

hundreds

go

the

upon

and

long,

earth's

constantly

while,

of

woods.

the

wood
drift-

slightly

diameter.

in

states

of

pieces

Some

feet

seven

Grcely

or

near

inches

eight

to

of

mark.

high-water

practically
willows.

dry

io6),

number

large
were

few

made

fire

wood

thing

(page

on

the

is

wood

barring

unknown,

earth.

the

POLES

THE

OF

PHANTOM

THE

198

tree.were

large.
partly buried.

DRIFTWOOD"

WHENCE

which

be

would

thrown

there

One

of

discovered

the

by

the

noted,
On

of

pair
a

piece

pine

this

of

and

two

by

feet

long

and

originally

second

tree

inches

six

and

ten

was

in

diameter,
The

and

long

They

the

coniferous,

branches.

feet

fiftyyards

nearly
near

One

two

in diameter.

hundred

ravine

inches

had

was

and

probably

sixteen

and

up

apparently

"

earth.

picked

long,
a

the

found
I

wood

In

trees,

covered

partly

"On

and

feet

in diameter.

were

camp

half

mirably
ad-

vicinity.

says:

antlers,

he

bark,

Biederbick

close-grained

two

"

articles

timber,' it should

in that

lake

been

eruption.

birch

Greely

reindeer

inch

an

368

of

of

This

grows

page

shores

volcanic

piece

never

it had

interesting

preserved.
be

199

if

case

some

most

was

CAME

IT

twelve

about

were

distant

from

one

Lake

Heintzelmann.''
If

Greely

timber
about

why

grew,

it?

country,

Greely
musk-oxen

in

was

Because
the

writes
"

did

he

it did

incident
on

fifteen

where

country

370

page
in

one

in that

grow

recording.

worth

was

anything

say

not

such

of

herd

the
and

many

three

in

PHANTOM

THE

200

which

another

he

willow

enough
them

make

to

From

shrub
It

frozen

of

it

in

this

it.

lurked

the

theory,
But

no,

of

Although
from
view:
the

earth.

that

and

is

only

country.

generally

and

that

is

it

he

usual
un-

cook

to

of

speaks

all

the

the
I
is

Siberian

that

Siberia,
it

came

It

getting

defended

doubting
over

the

driftwood.''
felt

Nansen

I
to

came

no

secret

reasoning.

longer

nearer

there

"A

303:

page

behind

though

as

evidence

came

in

enough
so

on

says,

seemed

my

much

so

the

connection.

Nansen
doubt

large

ers,
explor-

about

winter,

the
it

have

tea;

is

spring,

in

down
to

cup

the

tea.

different

of

growing

in

sprouts

enable

to

brew

willow

that
timber

or

and

writings

learn

fire

ity
vicin-

the

remained

the

In

saw.

"

POLES

THE

OF

hold
from

the

an

the

driftwood

entirely
interior

ferent
difof

PHANTOM

THE

202

vertical

bank

abandoned
had

in

occupied

built

from

rocks.

large

the

around,
from

feet

half.

back

of

the

chimneys
six

feet

houses

wide

possibly they
walls

fallen

and

distant

most

feet
house
of

of
in

space,
It is

from

the

structure

been

pieces
which

probable

utilized

the

which

the

the

served

The

were

was

that

side-

whole

large pieces

roof, for
in

partly

filled

width

ing
be-

three

the

found

the

as

had

through

about

with
as

were

bank

river.
were

covered

the

longer,

Apparently

height.

had

the

by

inch

an

long, though

partly disappeared,

slate, which

such

to

been

have

varied

houses

feet

ten

may

undermined
walls

The

as

lying

in which

rested, and

and

slate,

were

against

built.

were

inch
had

bank

ing
adjoin-

which

an

Eskimo

The

this

feet,
of

were

the

of

two

of

manent
per-

slate, which

from

thickness

precipitous

steep

the

by

three-quarters

and

of

pieces

pieces

Many

as

houses

obtainable

three

as

fine

large,

readily

were

past

"These

abodes.

doubtless

far

the

three

River,

which

huts,

POLES

THE

facing Ruggles
Eskimo

been

OF

the

of

many

interior

by
the

them.
houses

HABITANTS

OF

depended
which

of

to

the

removed

flat

the
dirt

the

at

least

three

were

which

of

articles

of

of

from

might

be
had

pieces

worked

other

selection

the

in

order

killed
this

rotted
when

by

the
A

size
to

such

was

an

handled."

was

it

that
of

Eskimo

piece

of

use

species

place.

considerable

fell to

sledge-

been

had

for

unknown.

what

and

needle,

the

bones,

of

one

it, and

on

wood,

determined

which

ivory,

of

in

articles

other

bone

(and

found

were

shoe

and

bone

occupied

birds

work
a

the

of

Bones

walrus

and
near

various

number

was

made

numerous

Among

of

was

relics

many

fish)

whalebone,
and

of

which

fish-hooks,

runner,

had

moss,

ornamental

whalebone

which

digging

of

combs

had

pieces

and,

of

abundance.

great

slabs,

fireplace.
and

support

carefully

most

kind

one

wooden
We

were

hare,

No

seen.

and

or

slate

covering.

found

chimney,

musk-ox,

or

of

pieces

depth,

which

203

the

as

be

to

were

considerable

the

used

be

roof,

bones,

of

ridge-pole,

among

REGIONS

size

the

on

could

signs

ARCTIC

mals
aniwho

of

skin
dog-

also

dug-out,

extent

that

it

Farther
in

and
about

immediate

and

walrus

of

small

two

now

with

knife
bear's

for
the

by

two

bone

stander

bone

fitted

of

some

bone

and

two

dog-traces,

such

and

and

iron

blade,

for

the

up-

and

made

ners
run-

wooden

an

skinning-

shoes

others

wooden

complete

one

were

Several,

top.

worked

and

horns,

carefully

collected

we

handles,

sledges,

with

houses

Greenlanders

handle

bone

two

two

wood

tooth, whalebone
of

the

narwhal

used

arrow-head,

POLES

articles

ivory toggles

are

THE

vicinity

other

Among

large

"In

says

forty pieces

bone.

as

he

on,

the

OF

PHANTOM

THE

204

well-

sledge-bars,

of

and

wood,

which

sledge-runner,
,

was

very

inches

in

nine

feet

badly

two

rotted,

pieces

long,

of

wood,
of

feet

nine

long,

inches

two

over

other

diameter,

Parts

five

thick,

discovered.

"Among
pole,

and

high,
also

were

heavy, being

and

hard,

probably
wooden
but

wood

of

about

was

inches

two

close-grained,
fir

or

hard

was

yet

niferous
co-

pine.

sledge-runners
one

in

were

fair

condition.
"There

were

several

articles

of

worked

HABITANTS

bone

whose

the

character

our

own

of

narwhal

which

was

unknown

bone

articles

and

Musk-ox

and

to
were

the

whalebone,

material,

articles

small

and

surmise,

predominating

the

being

made.

had

been

bones

hare

were

plentiful.

very
"It

evident,

appears

these

that

Eskimos

and

fish.

to

have

found

those

were

the

by

river, yet the

than

more

"It

is

than

as

no

entailed

circles

them,
been

large
the

pear
ap-

stones,

the

as

side

east

indicate

that

these

with

skin

roofs,

been

from

construction

not

probable

covered

have

manner

on

encampment.

were

must

does

on

rows,
ar-

occasionally

with

me

fed

arrangements

summer

more

habitations
which

and

covered

been

and

knives,

habitation

this

says,

dogs, sledges,

seals, hares,

While

Journal

my

had

skinning

musk-oxen,

have

The

205

not

which

of

Eskimo.

from

The

REGIONS

I could

use

walrus,

first

of

ARCTIC

OF

secured

the
of

of

entirely

found.

certainly

of work.

In

its supports

removed.

ferent
dif-

od,
meth-

were

houses

these

and

Greenland

stones

amount

roof

in

It

is

ting
quitmust

possi-

THE

2o6

ble

PHANTOM

long

the

that

in

been

used

the

roof.

some

manner

is

It
this

abandoning

the

were

valuable,

the

accident

their

during

articles

the

were

left

been

they

as

which

debris,

their
which

at

having

found,

where

by

depth

other

indicates

discovered

by

The

which

indeed,

unless,

and

dog-toggles

have

sledges,

the

there.

perished

dogs

and

pole

in

that,

should

they

country,

for

support

as

have

may

extraordinary

left behind
very

found

pole

POLES

THE

OF

ered
cov-

were

evidently

mulated
accu-

of

these

occupancy

huts.
"The

surroundings
for

covering
of

such
have

must

one

of

the

have

been

by
to

remark

bones

Nearly

died.

uncared-for

foxes
that

musk-ox

an

hour

found

was

of

deed,
inthe

moved
re-

pertinent

expected

or

other

in

Grinnell
in

any

would
bones

It is

spent

some

nor,

case

their

wolves.

or

the

itations
hab-

of

traces

remains
and

rarely

were

but, in

devoured

likely

found,

be

amined
ex-

pancy,
occu-

of

years,

was

No

could

dogs;

latter, their

two

size, it

remains

human

least

at

the

during

as

graves,

carefully

were

the

Land.
exam-

HABITANTS

OF

ARCTIC

these

ination

of

started

westward."

On

locate

to

and

Sled

of

sites

of

found

relics.

fifteen

Greely

by

feet

very

large

circles

in

diameter.

making
stone

inches

pieces,

and

had

thongs.

discovered

"

tents,

large

one

tively
intui-

summer

of

his

varied

number

trips

from

There
bone

runners,

fifteen

seal

during

The

upstanders,
etc.,

Eskimo

shoes,

been
There

fastened
was

to

two

were

complete

was

farthest

five

bars,
cross-

sledge;

(steatite, probably)
across,

we

writes:

seemed

places

them

near

which

again

who

such

eighteen

gathered

"

207

after

Greely

Brainard

"Sergeant

the

remains,

420

page

REGIONS

broken

lamp,
in

five

together by
also

bone

2o8

THE

and

spear-head,
the

Danish

use

Eskimo."

of

PHANTOM

other
which

THE

OF

relics

was

of

unknown

like

POLES

rial,
mate-

to

our

PHANTOM

OF

plant

is known

THE

210

flowering

such

interior

The
that

it

seasons,

also

is

from.

comes

seasons.

out

where

the

Nansen's

ship

with

questions

could

be

would
is

believe

other
so

point

to

unanswered

by

"We

passed
Ross

John
The
derive
the

their
distance

it

one

any

might

two

or

but

answer;

could

fur-

not

score

not

be

swered
an-

falsehood.
first volume,

of

forenoon

red

could

name,

of

snow,

ten

miles

44,

page

Cliffs'

'Crimson

the

in the

patches

under

could

problems

in his

Kane,

at

other

some

one

is hollow;

falsehood
:

if

answered

them

solutions

many

covered

unexplained

earth

answer

theory.

nish

of

to

ing
explod-

an

All

easily
the

snow,

explorers,

that

dust.

that

impossible

kind

the

is

It

black

of

out

the

that

the

by

comes

of

"

different

presume^

those

the

to

at

at

It

volcano

fall

to

mentioned

frequently

only spot

answer

an

colors

fair

find

to

is the

earth
with

the

matures

easy

the
us

As

question.

flower

of

furnish

will

earth,

on

elsewhere.

look

must

we

POLES

THE

of

of

August
which

from
be

says

Sir

5th.

they
clearly

seen

from

the

coast.

COLORED

SNOW

It had
the

stain

ravines

in

now

Franklin
the

would

be

the

shade

Kane
it

he

as

"

were

doubt

earlier

taking

two

the
that

matter,

red

snow

as

was

of

fully
beauti-

and

alopecurus;

was

bare,

red

and

it threw

in

"if

the

diffused,

he

weeks
fact
colors

in

of

speaks
later
into

than

account

the

snow

be

which

the

to
face
sur-

snowy
it

as

is
In

red

the

that
a

blossom

no

other
an-

snow

usual.

is

if

as

season/'

the

to

snow

season

says

in

supposed

if

color."

the

more

place

being

of

regular

for

brown/'

speaks

had

appear

of

John

crimson

season,

surfaces

large

sandstone

the

Sir

diffused,

"The

mosses

green

rich

in the

ficulty
dif-

no

somewhat

more

states:

lodged

locality;

prevailing

with

diversified

were

I
and

I had
the

this

to

earlier

also

Kane

where

it.

which

surface

doubt

no

when

had

justifying

applied

snowy

it is

with

all like

at

gorges

snow

nomenclature

poetical

not

the

the

tinted

deeply

211

noticed

All

which

in

hue,

which

before.

here

were

ARCTIC

THE

fine, deep-rose

brown

was

IN

Now,
the

terial
ma-

vegetable
or

pol-

THE

212

len

of

for

time

The

to

in

then

not

the

its

may

becomes

grow

on

interior

it

not

the

the

of

the

earth,
earth.

in

of

object

for

it

July
great

when

but

important;

from

of

seem

plant

come

is

readers,
with

it

such

no

does

POLES

THE

appearance

many

connection

that

where

This

August.

OF

aind

plant,
earth,

on

grows

PHANTOM

must

and

portance
im-

taken

this

if

book,
it

grow

does

in

HOW

ARE

ICEBERGS

FORMED?

213

CHAPTER

AND

WHERE

As

HOW

already

iceberg

an

ARE

form

to

at

the

canon.

If

it

farther

last

the

freeze
to

iceberg.

to

thaw

into

whole

the

loose,
as

ocean?

and

break

would

then

it.
for

yet

of

as

is

It

discovered.

interior
mouth
warmer,

of
of

the

just

it

"

would

form
the

earth

rivers
suited

out

"

until
thawed

was

be

it

push

start

to

would

being

water

and

not

have

an

commence

river

the

On

the

is

make

where

to

be

ice to

simply

iceberg

an

be

the

could

there

would
would

it loose

It

mouth

there

it would

"

length

whole,

mouth

formed

break

to

the

or

and

was

first,and

there

the

over

it is

stream

at

the

mouth

where

the

warmer

one

the

from

come

of

over,

pass

If
at

warmer

mouth

for

impossible

place

any

inland,

to

water

no

it is

at

be

FORMED?

ICEBERGS

stated,

warmest

than

XVI.

down

come

nothing

of

the

to

tion
ques-

location

in any
other

hand,

the

^back

from

the

or

for

canons

the

"

^being

formation

THE

214

The

icebergs.

of
the

PHANTOM

overflows

the

of

weather

in

from

shoved

the

into

bergs
rains

the

they

tidal

and

owing

the

down,

ocean,

warm

and,

from

rushes

for

the

earth,

water

ocean,

freezes

As

the

the

loose,
interior

the

the

advances,

summer

thawed

are

first,and

to

and

spring.

warmth

the

to

flow

to

mouth,

until

months,

freezes

mouth

river, continuing

POLES

THE

OF

are

are

waves

started.
difference.

the

Note

length

whole
the

farther
while

in

is frozen,

and

with

only
bergs,

but

ocean,

while

either

purpose.

the

the

the

interior

the

the

of

stream

of

to

reach

the

have

and
been

the

is well
the

plied
sup-

bergs.

In

is not

produce

these

to

shove

hundred

"

water

been
and

Arctic

thousands,

the
for

fairly

have

Arctic

of the

by

isn't

years

explorers
poles

into

them

there

shores

traveled

mouth

earth, also, there

to

last three

steady

"

produce

earth

on

the

only

and

ing,
freez-

the

water

water

plenty

frozen,

harder

open

to

of

plenty

For

inland

the

earth,

is

stream

rains

interior

the

of

On

ing
tryarctic
Ant-

region
includ-

HOW

ARE

ing

ICEBERGS

natives,

the

iceberg

an

and

into

mention

been

piece

of

but

ice

that

numerous,

No,

from

the

it strange
about

the

it is not

having
large

bergs

of

cliff;
so

are

full of them.

their

when

of

thought

has

one

strange

so

saw

are

place

never

reports

Yet

no

has

projecting

oceans

that

reason

it has

Kane

iceberg.

an

asking

is that

break

location,

occurrence

an

and

seen

ever

The

ocean.

Hall, it is true,

not

Isn't

has

original

such

landslide,

its

recorded

seen.

seen

215

one

no

the

of

been

never

yet

leaving

plunging

that

FORMED?

origin?
to

stops

one

think

that

heretofore

the

general

belief

has

been

that

the

is solid, and

that

the

icebergs

must

the

near

is
to

says

rainfall
while
fell to

Under

out

the

formed

"There

was

in eleven
it snowed
any

found

location

some

great
those

of

less

than

one-half

Antarctic

the
that

icebergs

earth,

the

earth?

on

and

in

theory

interior

the

be

cannot

be

to

bear

from

come

from

come

poles.

What
Ocean

earth

and

Bernacchi
two

inches

months,

quite frequently,

it

of
and

never

depth.''
conditions,

where

would

2i6

PHANTOM

THE

materials

be

the

Yet

greatest

than

rather
four

hundred

wide.

It

is

from

to

of

"

over

fifty

miles

thousand
extends

and
feet

hundred

two

rier,
Bar-

Ice

two

water,

one

"

^being

and

in

grounded

eighty

Great

the

long

feet

is there

iceberg

an

iceberg

an

earth

on

miles

hundred

one

one

POLES

THE

produce

to

it is called

that

large

so

found

OF

above

water.

berg

would

it

Now,
to

form
rain

no

made

from

water

to

some

place

in

or

snow.

other

itself, being

in

mid-ocean

of

"Where

could

formed?"

do

wide,
I know

that

to

come

the

temperature

the

it

was

great

last
laws

Just

lies

January?

be
in

earth;

straight

river.

I know

thing
any-

as

do

July

the

the

that

or

seen,

How

of

is;

now

iceberg

of

and

this ?

next

at

water,

an

interior

pass.

it

fresh

such

not

formed

was

no

water.

deep,

I have

yet

of

the

In

long,

than

salt

of

are

is

there

and

where

than

tically
prac-

icebergs

freeze, it evidently

berg

How

As

water,

the

having

country

frozen

this

for

impossible

be

will

has

know
be

that

warmer

Because

universe

not

one

declares

2i8

THE

enough

it to

Another

proof

is that

of

many

Antarctic
called

they

on

the

of

out

came

level.

The
other
that

they

abrupt,

more

shorter

and

Should

had

Stanley
while
would

be

far

iceberg
not

more

Africa

in

icebergs

as

state

by

again
water

of

be

to

in

than

icebergs

Arctic

the

see

in

the
An

down

the

Arctic

of
cle,
Cir-

how

if Africa
of

way

Circle.

iceberg
a

they

production

Consider

then

or

conditions

Yet

the

for

briefly:

running

bergs

Africa,

"crazy."

is known.

than

streams

Livingstone

why

advantages

icebergs

the

Darkest

is formed,

tainous
moun-

fall of

spoken

favorable

cating
indi-

thicker.

never

dubbed

more

so

causing

on

Arctic,

the

more

the

ask

exploring

that

chunky,

from

probably
anyone

are

nearly

in

more

where

the

indicates

found

come

in

They

running

are

the

entrance,

sHm.

rivers

hand,

then

of

found

which

bergs

country,

are

and

"ice-tongues,"

is

Antarctic

icebergs

long

are

interior

the

the
the

rains

location.

that

near

POLES

THE

heavy

its present

is level

earth

OF

it loose

thaw

to

shoved

PHANTOM

an

has
ing
formTo

is formed

stream,

where

HOW

ARE

the

freezes

mouth

frozen
the

mouth

it freezes

until

from
down
In

'

ocean.

or

water

If

there

than

in

but

freeze,

the

Africa

there

being

would

stop the

being

already

be

rain
water

no

be

last

to

of water,
and

frozen;

there

snow,

the

berg

formed

for

into

it is not

Circle.

Africa

cold

mouth

Circle

lacks
and

Peary
say

on

the

to

the

has
page

conditions

to

something

he

while

than

only

in
the

Arctic

the

the

be

terior,
in-

warm

freeze.
of

where
found

to

so

lacks

mouth,

water

33,

more

stream,

cold

the

it is absolutely

iceberg

an

in Africa,

Arctic

the

while

observed,

impossible

the

warmer

ocean.

So, it will

to

flow

shove

to

iceberg.

the

melted

or

rain

no

an

be

to

water

being

would

no

it into
stream

Circle

mouth,

interior,

water

is the

produce

to

the

furnish

Arctic

the

stream

would

plunges

the

were,

freeze, which

there

and

is found

the

the

loosens

to

when

spring,

and

rain

the

over

pass

sun

the

of

plenty

fall, and

the

to

washing

with

in

early

continues

warmth

the

219

water

the

as

FORMED?

ICEBERGS

intense
he

on

interest

writes

his

trip

about
to

the

PHANTOM

THE

220

Arctic,

and

Ocean

the

it

it is

melt,

in

even

until

the

the

in

and

lifted

snow,

the

length,

and

resting

on

For

the
on

this
occurs

these

even

with

still

piling
last

at

mountain

mits,
sum-

of

feet

thousand

sea;

Sahara,

miles

African
frozen

in

feet

huge,

hundred

hundred

eight

to

ten

twelve

of

plateau

thousand

the

is

to-day

unbroken

supporting

no

terior,
in-

the

has

Greenland

five

of

five
the

has

thousands

even

shield

Arctic

which

from

level

glistening

an

of

and

thousand,

and,

even

elevated,

an

day,

ice.

interior

simply

is

and

not

of

them

centuries,

of

highest

snow

"The

above

leveled

say

does

snow

valleys

tude
altito

summer

the

the

and

correct

the

summits,

hundreds

deep

all

through

buried

latitude

long

it has

mountain

higher

in

practically

filled

gradually

the

tation
snow-precipi-

rains, and

never

Arctic

the

to

accumulated

centuries,

where

POLES

THE

Greenland:

the

of

that

approach

through

"There,

OF

white,

miles
in

in

width,

mountains.

It
with

comparison

Sahara

is

insignificant.

Sahara

of

inner

form

of

life,

land
Green-

animal

or

HOW

ARE

ICEBERGS

vegetable;
of

sand

its

and

his

week,
party,

own

the

world,

namely,

the

frozen

plain,

cold, blue

nothing

melted
able

the

learn, the

for
the

inland, and

In

north.

the

dome

the

of
sun

far

"

end

warm

The

cold

is to

could
the

is to

page

704,

end
nish
furor

farthest

the

be

must

iceberg.
"The

from
a

icebergs

how

ciers
gla-

south,

an

quotation

or

been

the

produce

Wonders,"

rain,

from

conditions
to

for

have

which

canons,

the

not

no

as

ice.

not

icebergs,

to

is

discharge

order

as

is

there

so

following

advanced

of

conditions

the

as

These

in

World's

formed

it

and
or

water

reversed

all

expanse

Greenland

and,

streams

point

in

things

cold, white

the

icebergs,

is water
of

have

himself

of

infinite

the

has

snow;
to

infinite

that

nor

forming

the

these."

shows

country,

three

and

sky,
but

This

but

across

as

outside

sees,

grain

no

traveler

traveling

wastes,

after

rock,

The

visible.

is

221

of

fragment

no

frozen

week

FORMED?

is

theory

be

may

'*Is it not

possible

theory

as

to

that
the

the
manner

commonly
in

cepted
ac-

which

PHANTOM

THE

222

OF

THE

POLES

If

repeated

"

icebergs

congelation
of

the

destroys
water,

sea

is false

formed

are

saline

not

may
take

decomposition

of
be

icebergs

discovered,

is

an

The

the

though

mountains

influence.

If,

proved,

there

climate

prevailing

proximity

of

would

is

of

the

waterspouts,
suck

up

vast

precipitated

points,

like

the

which

condenses

and

current.

vaporized,
barriers

the

falls

first meets
If

should

this

the
rents
cur-

warm

lent
vio-

most
as

clones,
cy-

might
which

water,

certain

at

Gulf-Stream,

England

over

with

counter

uplifted water,

strike

against

the

Greenland

along

well

warm

These

again

of

vapor

it there

be

poles,

the

sea

ice

spheric
atmo-

air, such

of

quantities

be

cold

of

etc.

would

because

and

It

these

to

the

productive

paroxysms

visited.

seems

cold

to

ent
appar-

under

about

excessive
be

of

comparatively

mation
for-

yet

are

whether

as

of

the

been

created

not

are

tinuous
con-

rivers

point

has

question yet

open

under

place

is ascribed,

formation

iceberg

cal
chemi-

debouchment

whose

to

tion
crystalliza-

similar

congealment?
Greenland,

the

now

tain
moun-

coast

it

HOW

would
of

would

fell, thus

building

ice, just

water

consistency,
fresh

to

plausible
of

strata

to

and

hot

until
is

rather,

or

of

mountains

reaching
them
sea,

one

forming

into

which

flowing
mouth

my

into

icebergs,
interior
feet

the

gravity

their

the

freezes,

path."
the

writer

theory

of

about
roundgoes

at

just plain

Arctic
and

the

boulders,

account

this

causes

into

great
in

of

after

sea;

sweep

them

takes

icebergs,

the

and

water

the

at

sea

hail,

to

fresh

to

the

to

anything

in

way

where

with

or

the

rain

in

size,

loose

carrying

When

form

above

which

from

air

are

altitudes

at

slopes

break

to

there

always

certain

driftwood,

water

and
or

for

infrequently

glaciers,

Greenland,

congelations,

change

Not

complete.

perfect
of

through

chemical

the

This

icebergs

that

alternate

would

of

peaks

with

for

cold

ually
grad-

them.

see

further

assume

it

as

great

we

account

poles, passing

water

as

form

intensely

an

up

by repeated

water

in the

congeal

extend

might

theory

the

with

meeting

and,

223

precipitated

atmosphere,

fresh

it is

be

certainly

rain,

cold

FORMED?

ICEBERGS

ARE

the

Ocean,
balance

of

PHANTOM

THE

224

the

keeps

stream

frozen

the

over

will

months,

ten

producing
is

placed

Peary
does

snow

five

it

to

of

the

open

Could
led

have

they
the

to

where

Concerning

the

in

Arctic

snow

the

of

Nansen

says,

will

it not

what

is

falling
all

snow

snow

the

have

^which

"

rain

of

regions,

on

have
we

is

not

cludes
pre-

have

berg,
ice-

"Why

is near,

and

thickly

snow,

been

ficient
suf-

an

335,

had

and

which

produce

page

without

? We
time

to

Christmas

Christmas

out

origin.

water

per

north.

way

earth

scarcity

quantity

eling
trav-

right

possibility of furnishing

the

is

knots

four

the

their

had

they

of

sertion,
as-

snow

track, it would

the

that

icebergs

their

on

deep.

southeast

the

interior

of

feet

about

in

and

the

says

left

dence
depen-

ber,
Remem-

proof

huge

sea,

in

rains,

In

at

from

coming

successful

rain.

no

never

mentions

northwest

to

especially

thousand

ten

seven

where

"

furthermore

Bernacchi

hour,

is

melt.

not

he
from

than
rain

there
says

for

more

upon

where

country

be

ing
flow-

water

mouth,

iceberg

an

with

open,

POLES

THE

OF

one

fall
snow-

drifting."

HOW

Bernacchi

When
Antarctic

the

2th)

as

the

very

Httle

at

in

Each

height.
of

look

side

of

down
cloud

the

somewhat

the

cauldron
in
facilitate

the

the

and

precipitation.
fall
sea,

of
the

due
fresh

in
the

to

water

number
How

notion

of

how

this

the

upper

present
immense

an

was

mixing
inter-

and

icebergs
and
a

the

surface,

icebergs."
account

icebergs

of

the

large quantity
derived

(Page

accord
are

mote
pro-

erable
consid-

specific gravity
of

from

eye

clouds

There

tre
cen-

was

These

of

presence
at

does
of

the

an

of

formation

the

would

air.

on

feet

each

bubbling

upper

were

was

scene,

appearance

pendicular
per-

twenty

over

stratum

boiling

they

Could

upon

them,

by

them

for

cloud.

vaporous

and
of

one

condensation,

white,
aloft

hundred

one

average

was

among

all sides

on

counted

bounded

and

large

very

bergs,
ice-

There

form

of

of

being

time.

one

variety

cliffs
an

thousands

ninety

and

(nth

days

some

bridge

being

two

as

the

in

voyaging

wrote

next

many

from

all

he

passed

we

227

.was

Circle,

"During
1

FORMED?

ICEBERGS

ARE

with
formed

from

60.)
your

in

THE

228

two

inches

but

small

the

of

to

them

return

with

them,

as

whence

place

furnish

the

only

Bernacchi's
with

just

his

as

turning

point,
to

south.
it
of
with

of

centre

strong

if

ship

My
was

the

not

gravity,
the

salt.

an

the

it

of

Gravity

about
the

earth

thinking

water

draws

position

unusually

round

unusually
fresh

in

an

the

in

believe

to

being

half-way

for

reason

place

water,

me

^by

"

interior

berg.
ice-

an

one

held

gravity,

or

that
snow

into

fresh

of

was

was

the

earth.

ice, leads

water

filled

is

from

the

to

be

melted

or

come

bergs
ice-

from

freeze

to

the

fresh

that

rain

of

many

Where

speaking

connection
that

come

interior

the

"

ing
averag-

never

will

can

produce

"

others

water

Bergs

north

came.

is

Those

long?
way

no

and

and

always

is

year,

icebergs

will

they

There

place?

of

ocean

^yet the

"

than

will

in thickness,

their

oh

less

Where

that

miles

several
were

to

feet

thousand

snow?

from

come

whole

of

quantities

great
a

in

quantities

POLES

THE

reports

rainfall

of

water

such

Bernacchi

where

country

OF

PHANTOM

at

trance,
en-

the

is, that

so

strong
would
the

the

tre
cen-

mix

heaviest

HOW

ICEBERGS

ARE

substance

fresh

than
it

that
is

Arctic,

he

where

the

fresh

water,

and

did

the

Fram

down

into

the

salt
in

being aground
make

which
for

he

why

fresh
and

not

and

being

winds,

heavy
floes

in

which
that

months,
On

and
page

push
Nansen

only
263

could

on.

Bernacchi

great

relief

water,

reason

the

gether
to-

correct

ice

much

so

certain

by

It will
in
one

of

ship

come

along

drifted
advanced

it, but

his

be

ship

of

other

at

replaced
it

his

dead

for

shoved

like

ly
scarce-

turned

should

drifts

with

almost

no

account

large

or

ship passing

If this

mix.

held

the

clear

water

it will

explanation,

being

salt

and

moved

the

to

salt

but

was

of

"

the

himself

I know

days.

water,

on

and

labored

had

three

free

the

lay

He

It

success.

in

dead

was

free

to

himself

find

to

water

mud.

direction

little

with

of

headway,

any

in every

mix,

bottom

the

"

water

not

mixing.

found

called

ly
firm-

so

from

two

Nansen

what

which

"

the

being

water,

is drawn

water,

keeps

just

229

Salt

strongest.

heavier

This

FORMED?

tions,
loca-

by

other
be
this

very

large
bered
remem-

ice

five

degree.

speaks

of

the

THE

230

Ice

Great

huge
the

of

tongue
for

ocean

hundred

fifty

flowing

distance

in

width."

met

with

near

the

to

breaks

up

out

and

moves

Great

usual

south,

such

east,
be

large

"Sir

spot

of

'appearance
where

near

did

We

although

we

we

and

extremity

of

in

the

If

sea-ice
Ross

James
land'
landed

tensive
ex-

would

ed
report-

the

to

an

farther

or

of

south
the

on

sight

however,

not,

face
sur-

Barrier,

of

mass

tract

year,

behind,

were

impossible."
the

the

direction.

northwesterly
land-area

in

or

to

frozen

the

Tongue,

tends

spot

whose

around

Ice

pack
ice-

heavy

considerable

late

only

than

more

"The

of

five

perhaps
not

into

eastward

this

existence

the

than

more

of

if

as

appears

possibly

miles

ocean

the

ice

miles, and

prove

of

nothing

others

what

"It

is

POLES

THE

refutes

it.

about

barrier

ice

the

and

Barrier,

written

have

OF

PHANTOM

rier.
barany,

had

exceptionally

fine, clear

that

the

of

weather.''
I

contend

in

found
called
while

the
not

Great
formed

the
Ice

greatest

as

Ocean

Antarctic

Barrier
most

"

all

is

an

bergs
ice"

iceberg,

icebergs

are,

HOW

ICEBERGS

ARE

and

not

that

country

than

opening

of

south.

The
of

speaks

he

in

the

found

in

plain,
of this

of

if

Are

we

that

understood,
still to

still, and
but
is called,

is

little what
or

how

flat?
the

it

was

start

from

the

ascribe

to

some

understood?
believed.

earth
Then

Great
formed.

Ice

origin

the

be
the

how

to

preference

that

or

tongues

shape.

to

be

rier
Bar-

And

not

cannot

believe

solid

Ice

came

cannot

the

surely

ice

that

construction
in

ice"

only

are

land

Why

iceberg,

theory

And

earth.

the

of

Great

without

undoubtedly

at

that

other

of

the

monster,

Ocean?

not

are

the

great

the

to

Bernacchi

that

glacier,

the

form

reasonable

absurd

of

earth

claim

Antarctic

the

berg

interior

is

from

come

"tongues

who

shape

Glaciers

This

the

this

should

glacier

of

as

same

Why

error.

be

on

the

shorter,

leading

them

Barrier

Ice

could

calls

Writers

Great

found

be

tic
Arc-

the

mountainous

hilly or

long icebergs

"

smaller.

they

interior

the

just

are

"

will

in
much

are

streams

more

found

they

the

through

231

those

where

"

showing
flow

all like

at

Ocean

FORMED?

stands
it matters
Barrier

PHANTOM

THE

232

OF

CHAPTER

XVII.

THE

As
caused

let

the

us

waves

raised

and

started.
That

But

conditions
and

several

such

force

the

falling
ripple,

while

falling

one

mighty

wave.

be
that

met,
wave

to

might
"This

feet

will

rock

ten

Wells's

get

wave,"

says

would

be

of

the

in
will

instead

ble
pebsmall

diameter,
make

obstructions

no

long

wave

but

feet

if

run?

different

make

"Natural

larger

be

moving.

wind

the
go

would

they

size

feet,

own

into

many

it

set

are

plunge

would

the

as

the

causes

their

waves

upon

Then,

would

to

were

hundred

and

of

start

far

that

five

something

commotion

depend
"

there

large

how

would

grounds

not

great

are

into

iceberg

ocean,

do

waves

plunging

First,

they
an

tidal

many

what

see

If

accord.
the

that

belief.

that

WAVE.

icebergs

by

ocean,

for

TIDAL

I contend

POLES

THE

be

favorable,

way.

ing
Accord-

Philosophy,"
of

it

smaller.

he, "propagates

itself

THE

234

PHANTOM

and

tides, currents,
wave,

however,

comes

when

and

it

If

only

when

the

wind

blew,

natural

it

causes,

people

thinking

things

could

reads
will

the

ox

noticed
in

doubt

whether

excite

more

such

as

earth

the

to

produce

; and

that

one

no

no

from

exterior
when
knew

one

that

who

explorers
are

many

musk-

If
to

would

many

situations

"

of

interior

the

necessarily

would

the

plained.
unex-

with

doubt,

takes

in

things

hitherto

the

rock,

many

puzzling

and

set

such

observer

occurrence

than

meets,

change

how

fast

an

those

that

pressure

country,

changes

of

absence

regions.

wonder

have

never

mysterious

such

One
radical

the

different

growing

wonderful

out,

or

would

the

Arctic

the

in

close

how

found

were

that

of

the

wondering

Any

reports

have

things

and

be.

or

the

was

occurred

changed,

the

In

at.

tion
proposi-

hard

set

ice-pressure

wondered

been

ed
exclud-

pressure

tides

the

it

current,

or

were

current

or

of

be
the

for

puzzling;

theory

would

tidal

The

wind

no

tidal-wave

answer.

question

it

is

POLES

THE

waves.

makes

certainly

to

tidal

there

if the

OF

into

earth

account
was

hoi-

THE

TIDAL

low,

and

about

WAVE

those

of

they

else
double

the

and

did

see

the

"

is

make
so

grand;

everything
up

most

storm

; the

clear

sky:

understood.

saw

land

see

it

flected
re-

great

mock

thing
some-

sun,

wonderful

other

the

the

and

dictionary

is

not

is

situations

remind

It

one

and

nothing

Circle,

kind,

couldn't

it "the

mysterious

understood.

Arctic

the

called

it,they called

perplexing

every

could

some

yet

fully

the

it is not

people

aurora,
or

phenomenon;

The

miles'

pole,

ice, water,

sky

moon,

when

the

be

to

was

land,'' especially when

in the
If

brought

hundred

to

that

at

surface

fire.

few

north

straight

mysterious
the

in

wondered

whatever

conditions

strange
for

journey
be

that

supposed

accounted

to

235

the

words

much

of

with
the

of

one

the
ice

is calm

none

difficult

the

roars,
; the

blow
of

derstand,
un-

fine, but

he

everything

crushes

heavens

are

there

terribly
these

to

story.

and

when

of

reading

man

were

the

in

scenes

explorers:

beautifully
winds

grand

things

with

met

out

things

when

lighted
is
of
can

no

the
be

PHANTOM

THE

236

Nansen's

second

about

"To-day,

12.30

than

that

we

later.

would

think

cause;

but

it

few

tide.

neap

on

and

days

and

morning,

Thursday
again

at

that

strong

jumped
that

the

ice

It is very
so

when

long

who

Peter,

up

would

singular,
now

the

that
Fram

we

feel

receives

tide
menced
com-

of

pressure
pressure

nine,

half-past
It
at

the

been
almost
these

so

was

ing-hole,
sound-

thinking
him.

underneath

have

we

withstanding
not-

almost

repeatedly,

burst

one

primary

had

we

was

it

eleven.

half-past

the

spring

was

the

at

for

when

to

night,

last

sure
pres-

regularly,

it

ago,

the

"the

tle
lit-

pressure

was

that

addition

In

yesterday

this

in; indeed,

set

yet

nothing

fact

the
not

hear

pretty

recurs

been

has

wind

the

that

during

shake

there

about

It is odd

storm.

has

another

ceived
re-

ger
stron-

even

was

could

waves:

Fram

experienced

I suppose

aft, but

the

had

There

night.

sure
ice-pres-

tidal

shock,

fa-

that

from

m.,

of

29,

what

by

p.

violent

another

the

describes

doubtless,

caused,

"

POLES

page

experienced

explorer

mpus

THE

volume,

North''

"Farthest

OF

quiet

for

nervous

shocks;

THE

TIDAL

WAVE

everything

237

tremble

to

seems

if in

as

lent
vio-

earthquake/'
Nansen's

remarks

nothing

do

to

other

the

"The
I

is

way

In

with
in

for

accounted

last

recommenced

down

I sat

in the

received

backward

last
and

was

and

trembling
There

out.
to

the

board

loud

and

for

to

have

to

before

press

look;

it

on

was

on

that

the

I went

which

couple

after

chest

ice, packing

of

roar

northwest,

Just

began

the

on

had

rocked

was

continued,

again, shortly

suddenly
out

winter.

Fram

she

as

rumbling

west

such

Finding

uniformly
so.

the

then

sitting.

was

like

it sounded

shock,

forward

tent-roof

the

just

fell

snow

upon

thought

ice, and

violent

received

which

; I

after

I heard

some

says

suddenly

it

First

night.

rigging

reading

packing

not

the

until

night

and

he

on,

noticeable

not

outside,

from

That

way.

farther

was

Friday

on

be

must

wave.

volume,

ice-pressure

rumbling

other

some

having

tide

the

ice-pressure,

tidal

same

o'clock

as

about

of

had

tinued
con-

hours

on

come

noon,

again.
again

or

the

ice

I went
in

the

THE

238

lane

the

on

side

port

and

pressure,

little

and

told

bearing

down

When
all

speaking

calls
the

says

ice

all

and

ridges,

or

in the

ship,

and

several
a

how

of

set

to

during

be

great

describe

was

and

do

his
in

crash

sent
repre-

know

not

them.

ice-pressure
in

sojourn
one

the

by

given

waves,

the
have

they

correctly

not

for

reach

they
after

great

heard

describes, in expressive

succeeding
roar

do

ridge;

like

be

descriptions

in which

scene

time

long

the

look

before

explorers

Melville

"It

it

can

and

eighty,

termed

that

ville
Mel-

Bernacchi

seventy,

they

nearly

ridges.

wave.''

distance

If

passed.

great

that

for

quickly

was

of

Nansen

waves,

miles

ridge

low
be-

came

ice-pressure,

lifted

was

agree

after

of

"frozen

feet.

ninety

speak

it

Sverdrup

on

soon

proaching.
ap-

us."

on

explorers

strong

gradually

was

the

that

us

POLES

THE

was

later

but

deck,

on

up

; there

ridge

the
A

went

OF

PHANTOM

of
a

of

these

gale,"
the

distinctly heard,

says

the

he, "when

part

vals
interthe
could

masses

floe

regions.

oppressive

distant

that

played

Arctic

the

manner,

in

which

TIDAL

THE

WAVE

.239

Jeannette

the

in

of

surface

swelled

into

dolefully.

and

as

and

hands,
shrieked

the
shrill

curdled

and

nearer

waves,

rattled

boom,

while

silent

watched

compressing

bodies

horrible

frozen

the
Seams

with

ran

and

thundering

awe-struck

and

terrible

their

that

song

came

nearer.

them

pitched
invisible

On

across

and

by

and

blood.

the

blocks

controlled

vast

most
al-

heaved

suddenly

Giant

though

and

placid

hills, buzzing

great

wheezing
rolled

ice

ting
split-

began

The

all directions.

level
and

imbedded

was

we

progress.''

(Page

12.)
The

doings
it the
but

occurred

ice,

after

as

after

with

it.

If

continuously

hours,

it would

believe

anything

take

that
to

after

do

with

later.

Melville's

proves

to

my

mind

swell

The
has

for
a

ten

the

that

connection

no

swell

deal

to

subsided
swell

the

after

twenty-four

to

that

description, just
that

with

no

great

it had

during

along

raises

storm

raging

me

; and

moved

storm

weird

these

storm

whole,

that

disturbance.

slight

comes

notice

will

reader

whole

make
it had
came

cited,
aflfair

THE

240

from

arose

storm

calls

"frozen

had

conceive

of

into

commotion

referred

swells

them?

produce

river, laborers
into

causing

of

the

the

swells

the
into

the

the

contrary,

the

part

was

of

being

plunge
know
the

shore,

into
that

on

the
when

can

show

what

know
and

this

happens

wave.

becomes

what

rolling
side

As

On

stupid

we

on

what

knew

that

ocean,

largest possible

stretch

were

if he

"

against
a

rather

be

on

saw

bank,

if asked

other

questioner
We

rolling

up

men

the

point

it be
"

perienced,
ex-

icebergs

high

wash

say

that

"

it would

done.

in

would
to

water

the

the

certain

to

"

imagination

caused

logs

swells

dous
tremen-

constantly

not
a

greatest

the

as

from

water

than

iceberg

the

are

at

can

ocean.

an

engaged

are

heavy

opposite

to

If,

the

into

and

should

why

and

causes

imaginable,

he

caused

were

when
it

what

powerful

more

sea

The

with

They

that

POLES

waves.

do

to

iceberg

an

the

THE

agency,

knows

plunges

the

tidal

nothing

nothing

plunging

logs

of

waves."

of

Anyone

OF

tremendous

some

the

series

later

by

PHANTOM

icebergs
ought

they
soon

of those

as

to

make
one
anywaves

slackens

about

for

The

due

new

moon

day

of

after

the

on

the

later

time

which

tide ;

day,

and

had
first

just

was

it

it, but

noticed

every

now

we

the

it

Then
we

open

just

was

the

always
in

pressure

when

in

have

spring

9th,

morning,

hour

the

pressure.

mid-day
been

the

to

twenty-

happened

the

we

great

very

probably

in
same

of

part

some

water.

o'clock
the

in

has

in between

and

afternoon,
laif)

exactly

almost

twice

pressure

POLES

THE

OF

packs

The

5, and

4,

and

has

and

twice

hours.

four

is

PHANTOM

THE

242

it is at

now

8 p. m."
Farther
read:

"For

no

spot

it in

nearer

and

cracks

pile

on

itself

of

up

left

shaken.
un-

sound

to

the

side

of

Nature's

all of

battle.
you,
a

like

the

earthquake

.an

silent

thunders;

; and

be

waste;

The

every

could

places, always

nearer.

awakening

are

in

there

great

several

with

re-echoes

hear

you

we

begins

surface

earth's

the

on

hear

packing

rumbling

thundering

volume,

same

though

as

the

on

away

the

seems

First

far

the

when

it

earnest

in

on,

and

sudden

then

you

coming,
world

ice

giants
ice

The

begins
you,

to

too.

WAVE

TIDAL

THE

find

it

is

peace

no

into

and

if

as

to

away
in

they

quite

are

flung

front

near

direction,

just

can

blocks

like

nearer

it

standing

on

pours

it ; there

blocks

to

get

to

the

dark

you
ice-

moving
try
the

other
an-

same.

and

floe

smaller

by scrambling

and

another

You

The

except

splits

ing,
roar-

with

salvoes.

cannon

gets

ice

waterfall,

comes.

over

the

thundering

enormous

explosions

water

is

jump

opens,

it is

there

They

you

in

you.

but

some

you

other

each

the

of

ridge

there

of

as

thick,

feet

turn

through

towards

coming

around

you

gulf

You

new

direction,
All

nearer

But

black

there

see

itself

and

now,

up.

but

tossing

top of

life.

you,

streams

water

and
and

the

you
your

of

ness
semi-dark-

feather-weights.

were

save

feet; there

fifteen

on

and

tremble,

the

nearer

twelve,

ten,

broken,

In

piling

high ridges

floes

"

it

see

struggle.

thunderings

your

anywhere.

can

the

ice

the

under

rumbling

you

of
and

feel

you

you;

hear

midst

the

howlings

are

round

up

in

yourself

There

243

over

other

the
side

are

you

and
can

Still

smaller;

be

no

escape

rolling
of

the

ice-

pack.

THE

244

But
down.

noise

The

The

loud

door.
as

in

meets

It

is

coming

as

from

both

shall

openings,
be

taken

gently

is pressure

near

in the

begun

it is

quarter;
as

lane

floe

can

has
the

on

dark
noise
and

it

as

get

lifted

gazing
resemble

is.

with
out

if I

the
at

giant

myself

welter

snakes

lifted
There

the

on

and,

port

so

far

slowly rising.
the
the

see

and
shakes

ship

gently

being

rail, where
ice

writhing

masses

and

large
water,

pressure

were

of

we

Creaking

; the

worse

stern

the

can

up

and

across

both

Now

and

as

you

that

us

water.

is

right

side

worse

I feel

reach

getting louder,

port

now,

thrown

hummock

opened

the

bow

all sides.

hummock

it.

at

opens

ends

of the

old

the

see,

one

they

both

on

us

look

being

if

out

and

It is clear

are

by

beginning

the

stern.

so

are

as

from

the

lightly and

has

one

ridges

pressure

deck

on

go

roar,

well

the

pressures

I must

again.

scription
de-

reproducing:

worth

are

violent

"Most

lost

is

other

begins

Nansen

that

and

on,

calm

to

distance."

383

page

begins

passes

in the

by degrees

POLES

THE

OF

disturbance

the

now

On

PHANTOM

stand
that
twist-

THE

TIDAL

WAVE

their

ing

245

bodies

great

quiet, starry

sky,

broken

aurora

by

one

whose

that

with

our

does

the

before
2

p.

with

no

fact

the

it here,

to-day

is 42

deg.),

but

not

had

for

when

had

all?

The

"No,

that

below

zero

is

no

wind,

and

pleasant

weather

the

ice forward

sounding

out

m.,

10.30
do

to

41.4

"

have

we

walking

for

almost

the

not

was

on

was

and
on

one

came

a.

mild

here

the

sure.
pres-

is still.

roaring

12,

to

temperature

Fahr.

When
to

day
m.

to

7.30

after

it feels

more

something

there

air

at

have

long time;
the

it from

agree

a.

land

deg.

such

12

again

then

have

Can

from

last

the

pressure

was

and

m.,

we

m.

This

sure
pres-

its

experiences;

p.

now

in

moon

previous

yesterday

about

strong

not

that

and

is remarkable

It

"

does

neap

only

waving

this

the

tide.

is

northeast.

2y,

have

with

now,

and

quarter

and

should

we

just

the

January

undei^. the

peace

serpent

flickering restlessly in
"Saturday,

there

out

deck,

at

the

port
boom

side

after

distance,

quarter

began

trembling

loud
in the

of

end

and

then

in

denly
sud-

another,
the

ship

246

THE

and
to

after

there

say,

o'clock

Strange

been

no

since

feet

above

the

eight

feet

At

pieces.

this

Beyond

point

had

been

and

the

cracks

floe

to

the

ice

to

starboard
The

from

ridge

the

behind

ever

seen

had

been

is

lying

some

distance

out

or

she

of

water.

in

there

was

no

There
and

there,

five

large

accounted

doubt

The

night.
in

cracked
had

eral
sev-

evidently
E.

The

highest

I have

N.

of the

there
the

air.

last

I believe

yet.

right

one

monolith
the

or

pressure

North

us

lifted

no

also

was

crushed

into

four

had

broken,

and

here

I heard

explosion

places.
come

packing

port

water;

detected.

be

it, which

across

for

to

little

wall

pressure

the

huge

teen
nine-

to

was

high

rose

disturbance

great

thick

blocks,

one

floe-ice

such

of

in

was;

eighteen

surface

square

showed

astern

yesterday's
was

12

perfectly

seems

ridge

height

in

pressure

ice

the

packing

up

little pressure,

quietness.

its

pressed

POLES

that

place

floe-ice

THE

again

pressure

violent

one

OF

was

night;

The

what

of

has

last

quiet.

to

; there

start

gave

PHANTOM

N.

that
would

if the
have
I walked

Fram
been
for

northeasterly direction.

THE

WAVE

TIDAL

but

saw

the

ice

no

has

signs

of pressure

been

set

it

time,

wind

the

direction

of

Saturday's

pressure,

there

suddenly

has

not

the

in

the

indicates

pressure

it

as

been

movement

of
and

ing
driftwhen

in the
Such

site
oppotion
reac-

been

have

for

way

in process

place.

believe,

as

of

takes
I

must,

that

reaction

away

rection
di-

certain

compressed,

more

dies

in

blowing

gradually

becomes

When

there.

adrift

wind

the

by
some

247

the

cause

which

stopped

began.

Since

tirely
en-

then

slightest appearance
ice.
time

the

Probably

the

the

drift

when

turned.''
ice

Concerning
of

writing

120,

page

picture
roar

was

vividly

audible
A
We

from

whence
it

in

its

ice

had

the

rushed

met

risen

up

A
a

of

sonorous

battle

of

Nature

towards

the

and

came,

eyes

which

on

fles
baf-

absolutely frightful

scene

noise
our

grandeur.

din

on

reader

deep

down

the

the

battle

great

sight

description

of

like

raging.

reaching

"A

saw.

Antarctic,

to

conveys

he

indeed!

shore

in the

voyage

of what

was

battle

his

Bernacchi,

pressure,

mountain

moving
sudden

and

terrible

THE

248

had

pressure

the

PHANTOM

shore.

high

time

and

and

the

advancing

There

nothing

is

the

in

can

''Huge

of

the

then

side

in

appear

bulge

crash

it

blocks

of

ice

it, and

an

idea

of

of

top

for

until

with

air

the

gaps
whole

the
a

and

burst,

and

ating
reverber-

and

mount,

into

mount.

yawning

great

up

sistible
irre-

seconds,

with

down

out

with

the

few

and
lifted

feet

would

fly

to

convey

ninety

the

the

would

The

immense.

was

were

times

at

land.

weight,

and

totter

roar;

whole

the

ice, thousands

in

crashing

come

would

of

to

would

They

dred
hun-

scene.

tons

force

on

sixty

average

the

upon

degree

eighty,

seventy,

eight

comparable

blocks

thousands

about

spectacle

no

of

majesty

the

moving

was

ice

piling

an

on

mass

of

the

for

was

grandeur

words

was

It extended

yards,
feet

in,

set

POLES

THE

OF

like

ful
fear-

great
so

many

straws."
This

than

more

of

any

be

accounted

will

hour.

an

storm

call it

or

for
a

lasted

disturbance

great

set

There

wind,
in

some

of mammoth

so

is
its

no

account

cause

other
waves

little

way.

must,

We

started

PHANTOM

THE

250

OF

CHAPTER

to

of

set

too

are

alike

just
Take

the

Africa
not

the

vegetation,

as

different

from
if

at

his

reaches

one

The
in

passing

would
the
so

many

regions:
and

the

things
vapors,

falling

direction,

atmosphere
or

why

south,
into

it passes

auroras,

each

himself.

is to

is

till
cles,
cir-

Antarctic

in

snows,

Yet

make.

north

common

are

makes

wife

the

That

meteors,

climates

one

country

in

game,

to

and

either

manner.

the

"

opposite

being hollow,
out,

which

man's

as

poles.

regions

the

used

like

as

aflfect
same

Arctic

the

earth

pies

all

and

South

anything

mother

all become

and

people,

in the

travels

one

the
the

as

those

in

them.

conditions

cause,

Norway,

all alike

are

poles ought

peculiar

North

and

peculiar

produces

particular

no

at

the

at

many

from

come

and

what

thinking

to

VAPORS.

vapor,

with

met

snow

one

There
to

AND

fog, clouds,

The
kind

XVIII.

FOGS,

CLOUDS,

POLES

THE

in

finds

one

both

polar
winds,

locality

filled

CLOUDS,

AND

FOGS,

with

fowl,

VAPORS

and

warmer,

following

throw

fresh

ice-cap

though

the

light

there

of

part

field

Gulf

white

Nothing
Far

cumulus

rising

that

is

sky

brightly.
from

would
solid

not,
:

there

warmer

be

The

earth

and

yet

rays

do

when
not

but

the

while
ing
shin-

sun

air

could

earth

could

why

reason

quently
fre-

warmer

if the

case

no

the

seen

is

it

ocean,

and

This

the

is

near

the

the

clouds.

such

dark

low,

as

or,

clear

of

in the

frequently

are

Nothing

interior

the

dazzling

those

as

from

perfectly

Ingle-

common

so

horizon,

expressed,
the

be

regions

the

per
up-

232.)

to

appears

on

and

hidden

was

behind

(Page

clouds,

and

the

clouds, and

invisible

Northern

all

Bay

cumulus

mist/'

the

blowing,

was

McCormick

lay

teresting
in-

"On

says:

sky overhead,

lead-colored

by

this

on

shining brightly,

was

blue

was

Peary

breeze

sun

on,
there-

comments

some

subject.

The

water.

open

with

extracts,

will

251

duce
pro-

not,

earth

or

were

it should

be

poles.

obtains
one

strike

its heat
is
the

where
earth

the

from

the
for

sun

sun's
months

THE

252

at

time, it is found

than

warmer

are

fact

ought

to

from

come

only

could
The
and

The

in

315

of

sight

Sahara,
more

for

"

the

baleful

but

we

from

further

any

truth

in

eye,

the

evil

eyes.

peer

up

of

Just
at

us

This
conditions
the

being

314

day

in
with-

this

tic
Arc-

heights
I also

and,

Inland

long

are

of

the

are

with

with

howling

and

Those

Peary

winds,
are

just

fogs."
apply

to

found

crevasses,

asses,
crev-

howling

seems

as

has

cap,
ice-

the

of

drifts, and

north,

evil

cliffs

black

the

usually

is

surely

beset

eye"

trust,

there

round

we

once

If

Ice

as

the

hummocks,

fogs.

pages

ice, hummocks,

extreme

beset

this

furious

that

the

on

superstition

''evil

term

winds

of

obstacles.

over

storms,

on

shores

hope,

as

slippery
wund

long

so

is

earth

the
warm

says

are

the

coast

the

than

discouraging

good,

must

winter.

the

free

just

of

which

''Another

interior

explorer

same

wind

that
other

from

place

come

that

place

some

This

winds.

south

the

winds

north

the

that

POLES

THE

OF

suggest

Pole.

North
the

PHANTOM

on

to

ing
reach-

speaks

of

slippery ice,
furious
the

drifts,

conditions

would

one

peer

the

comes

ice-cap.

when

the

earth

would

earth's

wheel

one

as

is not

so

it is

short

curve

imagine,
things

yet

level

mists,

slippery ice,

would

meet

interior

the

is solid
be

in

summer

of

the

is

there

clouds,
what

one

to

if the

why

earth
should

they

gives descriptions

conditions
that
page

in

have

264

farther

The

mist

or

than

**A

the
was

vapor

that

frost

on

made

than

so

in

says

which

water,

southern

the

bearing

he

any

more

looking

entrance

yet

reason

make

to

met.

Bernacchi

the

might

The

the

the

one

just

at

one

While
as

are

the

"

persons

earth;

no

wagon

pole.

etc.,

one

like

enough
to

the

to

country

short

strange

appear

ing
mak-

curves,

under.

goes

black

In

follow
of

were

the

says

the

the

up

earth

the

over

up

to

if

Peary

projection

or

spokes

for

that

turn

253

with

Note

cliffs

VAPORS

meet

hollow.

cliff

AND

FOGS,

CLOUDS,

the

rime.

fifty

feet

of

weather

polar
this

subject.
mist

dense
it

regions

lay

impossible

length
in
whole

of

ship

This

high,

mist
and

over

to

see

ship.

the
of

state

On

was

gelation,
con-

ered
cov-

was

in

no

the

THE

254

crow's-nest

not

the

fog
to

the

When

it

being

On

anything."

and

night
the

immediately

it

lay-to

for

we

rose

to

17"

to

"The

says:

time.

to

barrier

compelled

sank

changed

and

thick

too

were

some

day,

sky,
the

he

temperature

wind

the

was

266,

that

fine

over

deck

dense

the

in

POLES

THE

gloriously

visible

Page

so

stop

brightly

barrier).

was

OF

was

shining

sun

(ice
see

it

cloud

PHANTOM

E.

F."

During
to

and

3"
N.

F.

E.,

ARCTIC

ANTARCTIC

AND

WINDS

CHAPTER

This

that

instead

has

the

of

certain

in

have

phases

him

in

wind,

best
These

the

poles.

make.

of

Peary

act

invariably

so

How

closely

does

does

the

at

the

steady

Antarctic

of

men.

what

upon

the

it adhere

gument.
ar-

the

scientific

from
so

no

strangely

so

radial

convince

received

agree

that

says

reader

question

has

cannot

wind

I
need

great

our

perpendicular,
and

that

on

lieve
yet I be-

the

up

may

the

rest

vincing
con-

time

If

the
take

scientists

makes

''it is

us

thoughts

much

convince

to

subject

some

reason,

argument,

my

plain,

of

case,

Let
the

entertaining

an

too

able

be

one

that

to

"

Therefore,

spent

point

every

make

to

For

I will

purpose

prefer making

one

is hollow.

earth

one.

think

but

trying

argument,

WINDS.

ANTARCTIC

book

prove

XIX.

AND

ARCTIC

255

at

North
centre

is this
to

the

explorer

the
Pole
ward,
out-

wind

pendiculari
per-

find

wind?

the

If

wind

the

about

the

similar

great

volcanic

end

would

and

why

Granny

call

not

it

and

earth,

by Peary

of

nacchi

the

of

Bernacchi

morning

ten

great
rninutes

whirlwinds,
with
the

4th

fury

and

strongest

ate.
appropri-

it

gale

page

gale

the

of

the

had

in

given
Ber-

alike.
"On

112:

burst

little

great

drifting
we

is

by

and

are

with

came

it

spreads

its first burst

of

name,

interior

winds

on

May

it tons

that

clone.
anti-cy-

descriptions

Antarctic,

then

rections
all di-

more

the

Arctic

before

out

in

an

please,

The

the

of

force
blow

it

released,

says
of

be

from

when

southern

have

you

direction.

every

with

would

out

the

anti-cyclone, although

what

passing

instance,

universally

so

course,

it

Cyclone
Call

wind

of

entrance

spread

termed

have

it would

great

and

as

For

would

is done

must,

at

which

upward,

writers
It

hollow,

either

explosion

This
certain

be

conditions.

air,

and

radially

THE

earth

at

forth

POLES

OF

the

same

send

dry

warm,

earth

through

under

"

the

passes

operate

PHANTOM

THE

256

us

upon

warning
it blew

in

rush, bringing
It

snow.

as

the

yet

was

experi-

ARCTIC

AND

ANTARCTIC

WINDS

it blew

with

enced,

and

day.

Just previous
barometer

the

reached

These

m.

direction,

of

meteorology

the

and

system
south

*'The

is

of

out

girdle

of

18

min.),

of
the

abnormally

stretching
its
of

turn

upper

towards
to

low

make

good

secondary

the

by

extreme

cyclone,
anti-

vast

toward

blow

Adare
within
tend

pressure,

polar

upon

area,

implies

from

the

and

the

the

north,

the

polar

drain

(lat. 71
the
to

area

prove

anti-cyclone

great

the

in

that

is

necessarily

and

erly
south-

more

by

Cape

of

currents

the
teorologists
me-

east-southeast

which

over

in

pressure.

at

existence

same

continues

the

winds

cyclonic

vast

occupied

prevailing
winds

the

area

pole,

which

low

southeast

deg.

that

at

Some

traversed

area

28.227

feature

contend

; others

south-polar

the

the

as

being

parts

cyclones

from

Antarctic.

held

and

dropped,

low-pressure

far

as

wind

always

the

have

fall

to

remarkable

outburst

reading,

winds,

are

first

the

to

all

potency

commenced

before

just

fearful

minimum

its

inches,
p.

had

259

caused

in

which
existence

blowing
regions
by

the

26o

PHANTOM

THE

surface

outblowing

Bernacchi,
of
time

penguin

storm,

out

presence

late

in

of

the

birds

so

that

feet

high.

far

south
do

they

not

Antarctic

the

during

north

this

ice-pack

four

proves

year

far

migrate

these

tails
de-

Emperor

an

the

over

winds."

"About

of

on

big, sad, solitary bird,

The

POLES

giving

says:

specimen

caught

was

after

129,

fine

very

THE

southeasterly

page

great

OF

winter.''
This
2

the

was

when

deg.

below

flightless bird
If

water.

open

where

food?

for

I
an

that

point

will

give

it

may

To

blowing
blow

must

from

might,

an

seek

its food

in

be

hollow,

not

in

to

winter

found

are

the

at

if

see

it

there

and

outward,
down

upper

naturally,

be

for
it

this
is

from

tic
Arc-

surfacesaid

would

that
north

the
If

why

ference
dif-

any

Perry's

current.

ask,

Bernacchi,

by

account

of

description

you

written

between

wind

is

migrate

birds

anti-cyclone,

wind.

penguin

south.

now

you

The

earth

bird

These

farthest

must

the

this

does

zero.

and

tered
regis-

temperature

one

so,

it

be

ARCTIC

AND

ANTARCTIC

warmer,

dryer,

direction

?
it

No,

does

comes

from

which

accounts

the
is

always

not

come

days

interior
what

of

the

being
the

when

the

warmer,

tion,
direcis sucked

air

ing
follow-

The
about

says

it

earth,

same

earth.

Bernacchi

same

above

of

from

the

the

from

its

for

on

from

interior

always

except
into

and

the

and

dryer,

261

WINDS

cyclones
anti-

"An

which

in
the

at

the

all

spirally

the

at

spiral

blew

"

"

the

cyclone
lowest

low

of

frequency
and

the

highest
formly
uni-

winds
is

just

pressure

in

blow

wards
to-

in

pressure

from

always
"

barometer,
relative

force

and

the

and
the

of

with

persistency

in temperature,
the

the

winds

the

centre

east-southeast,

of

the

mosphere
at-

curve.

"The

gales,

has

and

centre,
this

outward.

the

nearly
and

directions,

of
is

pressure

diminishes

and

reverse,

portion

the

and

centre,
in

blow

is

anti-cyclone

the

which

sudden

dryness

humidity

"

they

direction,

same

high

rise

fall and

rise

invariably
the

these

of

the

winds

generally

be-

262

THE

fifty and

tween

motion

of the

is covered
as

in

the

what

above,

be

wind
two

others,

as

as

the

the

be

wind

blows

hollow,

blow

not

earth

and

is

as

it does,

must

remain

Sir

John

says

One
it

was

says
less

it

than

was

two

of

he

spent

quotes

Sir

Challenger,

and

also

experience.

same

this

of

matter

is all

right,

telling why

no

and
a

on

the

If the

way.

the

consequently

mystery.
mention

Murray

precipitation occurring
winds.

able
consider-

other

any

solid, there

mystery

gives

spirally outward

blowing

it could

the

meeting
be

115.)

where

He
the

earth

(Page

phenomena

Adare,

of

mountains

the

strange

years.

Murray,

John

wind

the

Cape

at

nearly

accompanied

from

Bernacchi

than

appalling

more

imagined."

to

tically
prac-

months

winter

snow

295

page
space

the

the

Pole

anti-cyclone

permanent

in

drift

can

On

South

frightful winds,

of

tons

the

west,
north-

regarded

Nothing

these

the

be

the

and

"

from

that

may

great

summer.

than

by

fact

by

extensive

more

clouds

upper

the

cent.

per

POLES

THE

OF

sixty

to

point

If

PHANTOM

the

the

outflowing

slight, the
inches

nacchi
Ber-

in

other

nearly

ARCTIC

AND

ANTARCTIC

These

year.

is
be

of

that

*The
the
the

this

of

the

E.

the

raising
in

conspicuous

air

the

winter

This

Fahr.
is

more

than

time

the

raises

wind

deg.

for

Fahr.

deg.

temperature

the

water

region?

E.

is 8.8

not
can-

number

vast

5.2

S.

the

it

the

of

was

temperature

power

does

Antarctic

months

amount

mean

that

temperature

eleven

membering.
re-

rain, and

amount

where

the

mean

worth

no

produces

in

icebergs

is

in

measured,

from

come

there

sHght

so

263

statements

are

If
snow

WINDS

in

summer.

'Thus

the
of

July

temperature

of

month

that

month

Fahr.

Such

(Page

while

the

E.

S.

mean

winds

for

of

16.6"

difference

is very

that

this

wind
is

temperature

shown

in

printed

in

Adare

E.

the

contrast

power

the

nacchi

9",

"

the

striking."

304.)

The

On

is

+7.6",

is

for

temperature

mean

the
says

the

table

Bernacchi's

"A

wind-roses

mere

single

ing
raisbetter

perhaps

of

storms,

work.

meteorological
:

in

has

conditions,

Ber-

the

Cape

glance
shows

the

at

prevailing

THE

264

winds

from

marked

PHANTOM

E.

S.

E.

Their

direction,

same

the

which
the

the

rise

of

the

barometer
S.

73

lands

regarded,

to

prevails

than

the

rise

as

with

and,

height
itude
Lat-

arctic
Ant-

the

what

be

may

great

higher

nent
permapressure
to

ocean

open

in

motion

W.,

that

the

over

the

of about

by

practically,

anti-cyclone,

from

mean

south

covered

are

the

N.

in the

indicate

to

seem

force,

blew

the

the

Victoria

and

dryness,

finally,the gradual
the

the
in

of

from

very

were

invariably high

clouds

upper

observed

they

their

temperature,

of

winds

frequency

with

POLES

in

E.

conditions

meteorological

persistency

THE

S.

feature

remarkable

Land.

and

These

degree.

most

OF

the

northwards.
''While
not

be

this

anti-cyclonic

characterized
all

at

pressure

relatively
prevails
"Sir

the

John

expedition,
the

covering

very

it must
low

be

pressure

high
which

northwards.
of

Murray,
was

theory
the

may

absolutely high

an

seasons,

the

to

to

by

region

South

of

one

of

the

Challenger
first

the

vance
ad-

anti-cyclone

vast

Pole, and,

to

on

the

whole.

THE

266

defy

to

as

Peary

Greenland,

the

of

Ice'

'Great

the

radial

from

closely

so

flow

of

slopes

of

interior
If

as

that

of

earth

been

the

to

be

the

of

the

the

wind

it

pendicular
percoast-

and

wind,

this

to

liken

dicularity,
perpen-

only

to

from

the

the
the

descending

water

of

is invariably

is this

central

coast."

hollow,

interior

described

of

outward,

Ice'

'Great

dome

from
has

it adhere

the

the

pass

does

sheet

cept
Ex-

storms

of

part

steady

can

every

regardless

centre

nearest

So

ribbon.

land

in

Greenland

of

visits

and

cause

country

the

the

to

seven

disturbances

direction

rules, the

ordinary

over

which

the

ing
dur-

phenomenal.

atmospheric

across

sweep

Ice'

them

duration

is

year,

"The

'Great

Ice,'

less

or

the

of

'Great

magnitude,

unusual

of

75:

found

sojourn

greater
of

of

have

the

during

to

as

upon

month

tities
quan-

means

and

74

winds

actual

it of

to

by

pages

the

of

regularity

months

POLES

small

such

measurement

on

says,

an

in

THE

snow-gauge."

ordinary

of

OF

ice-crystals, and

hard

an

PHANTOM

of
many

the
the

wind

would

earth,
times,

just

blow-

ARCTIC

AND

ing
times
like

heavy
the

rush

out,

gusts,

on

of

speaks

influence

of

has

It has

; but

about

it

the

fall; let

over

of

the

winds;
below
less

(^

feet

on

is

E.S.E.

and

good

down

; now,

has

not

25

deg. C).

to

velocity generally
moderate

been
to

cyclone

is almost

rose

tres;
me-

begun

northerly

with

way

four

to

suddenly

it

nineteen

which

thermometer

and
raises

there

to-day

sunk

it

began

all

going

bringing

that

to-day
zero

has

that

us,

is curious

be

us

barometer,
time,

that

S.E.

it has

hope

us

passing

of

to

seems

all the

rising

rise

helped

midnight,
and

to

S.S.E.,

doubt

no

north

It

from

second,

per

day,
"Thurs-

wind

sixteen

under

rising

blowing

on

gone

also

I),

winds.

The

"

of

air-gun,

(Volume

northerly

velocity

possible

above.

373

i8th.

other

as

mammoth

temperature

January

with

of

page

the

yesterday

nearly

as

described

as

At

steadily.

explosions

Nansen,

the

and

strongly

267

WINDS

ANTARCTIC

wind.

always

these

strong

deg., Fahr.,

13
A

south

lowers

the

north

wind
perature,
tem-

wind

it."

Farther

on

he

says:

''It is curious

that

268

THE

the

it

"It

from

the

what

northeast,
rotation

the
to

one

wind

and

it

explanation,

Nansen

What
wind

and

is

the

of

lead
the

fact,

and

northwest
southwest

loss

at

all

Unless

do.

to

find

to

isfactory
sat-

this

of

events,

winter
of

another

in

is

about

says

since

earth

more

is

direction."

northwest

the

would

earth

ought
at

am

any

latter

between

of

as

is land,

the

between

is

there

hardly

matter

shifts

northeast,

there

the

As

instead

southeast,

and

though
of

expect.

merely

that

me

wind,

northwest

much

so

the

in

opposite.
to

strange

seems

and

cold

Earlier

the

just

was

POLES

THE

bring

warmth.

southerly

winter

OF

winds

northerly

the

now

PHANTOM

the

and

interior

of

that

phere
atmos-

is

earth
than

temperature

even

the

that

the

important,

proofs

strong

hollow,

the

is

began,

of

change

the

on

of

the

exterior.
It

also

would

colder

in

summer,

found

to

be

the

be

in

warmer

which
case.

all

winter

explorers

and
have

CENTRE

THE

OF

GRAVITY

269

CHAPTER

CENTRE

THE

To
a

the

is

arises

from

of

the

direction,
teaches
If

thousand

say,

the

not

as

well

If

gravity

is

something

or

air, above

no

the

diflference
or

is

whether

be

lesser.

should

why
the

are,

of

centre

earth, if solid?

the

that

the

that

walls

the

repels ether,
it would

earth, then

if the

the

it

is
of

centre

of

earth

make
cave
con-

were

dead

to

the

walls

gravity,

would

found
the

of

centre

attraction

greatest
where

in

convex.

Again
earth

of

as

centre

the

thick,

attraction,

posed
sup-

Philosophy

and

walls

the

is

in the

attracts

miles
of

centre

gravity

centre.

is hollow,

earth

that

theory

everything

greater

seems

undoubtedly

located

the

to

the

the

that

drawing

or

that

the

fact

something

earth,

gravity

This

hollow.
the

be

to

of

against

argument

earth

GRAVITY.

OF

question

the

many,

great

XX.

be

at

of

the

then
the

be.

Nansen's

water,

it will

the

poles,

scription
debe

re-

270

THE

membered,

is:

all, for

at

the

whole

the

PHANTOM

"We

could

dead

water,

along

sea

phenomenon
had

at

it

where
upon

the

fresh

water

gliding
if

as

and

here,
round

the

interior
in

Creator:
is most

do

we

needed.

The

and,

or

affected.
acts

as

to

strongest

seems

about

midway

this

be

they

seem

it is

true,

wisdom

of

the

to

way

gravity
I

as

know,

of

the
it

where
universe

the

otherwise

and

is

most

is not
is

draws

in

zling,
puz-

stood.
under-

not

that, be

show

gravity

magnet,

beneath,

water

laws

solid, gravity
If

ship,

them.

of
far

I desire

hollow

the

attraction

when

so

rests

with

the

The

question

water

along

understand

not

occurs

this

If

greatest

inevitable;

are

It

Nansen's

with

the

of

and

earth.

accordance

We

sea,

sea

on

the

liar
pecu-

the

gravity

curve

of

water.

fresh

probably

was'

swept

we

foundation."

of

centre

on

opportunity

of

heavier

fixed

get

It is

dead

of

water

the

and

desired.

we

is carried

on

hardly

better

layer

salt

on

The

than

POLES

THE

us.

this
a

surface

with

"

present

studying

OF

the
any

something

earth
way

that

everything

to

THE

CENTRE

the

centre,

then
if

OF

is

at

strongest

of

weigh
equator

substance

Every
or

the

and

than

so

the

to

that

of

it

to

the

of

hollow
outside.

less

earth.

earth,

the
of

the
is

force
ball

the

lighter

nothing

requires

will

the

appear

laws

the

perfect

inside
hold

then

the

near

of

interior

the

that

substance

to

in

reason

are

it

less

weigh

for

will

is

objects
than

interior

lieve
be-

entering

and

point

gravity

point

that
the

it.

that

earth,

in

or

earth's

the

affect

turning

at

more

then

found

the

earth

the

"

be
the

hand,

other

above

ether

would

earth

the

nowise

in

will

interior

On

or

"

would
it

the

something
air

repels

shape

of

magnet.

gravity

that

271

walls

the
the

be

GRAVITY

wasted,
to

in

verse
uni-

hold

motion

OF

PHANTOM

THE

272

CHAPTER

the

That
the

fact

In

recent

the

practically

latitude

deg.

84
find

it

and

"

the

to

The
the

earth

and

happens,

of

point

is taken,
But

north.
will
farther

from

upon.

There

well

that

north.

interior

when

the

will

show

the

farthest

continues

the

could

and

must

not

be

point

then
some

and

he

tually
even-

know

not

be

on

getting

or

pole,

supposed
south

tion
observa-

straight

ground,

as

thest
far-

the

to

passes

of

just

water,

circle

losing

land

The

the
or

is
tude
lati-

as

the

going

compass

land

he

if he
be

soon

be
the

be

may

they
sea.

farthest

to

to

degrees

as

the

leading

curve

80

open

observations.

necessarily

not

an

few

longitude

taking

when

is

of

made

that

agree

with

poles.

from

"

all

and

warmer,

owing

as

progress

difference

The

it

same

the
have

explorers

by

proved

to

get

can

all

years

is

hollow

one

no

POLES.

THE

is

earth

that

POLES

XXI.

REACH

CANNOT

THE

it,

depended

good

reason

THE

274

tion

of

and

trying

the

keeps

to

have

or

the

and

water

also
what

the

reached,

either

prove,

beyond

that

north

open

Their

game.

true

plorers,
ex-

that,

with

warmer,

of

is

all

showing

it

is

it

so

of

plenty

claim

and

poles.

purpose

found

they

south,

always

nearly

point

boat

moon

the

from

farthest

the

The

of

quoted

into

away;

PHANTOM

for

at

it.

get

POLES.

THE

getting

distance

the
I

OF

then

moon,

some

with

PHANTOM

marks
re-

doubt,

that

Arctic

and

the

"

Antarctic

oceans

and
If

not

with

abounding

water,
much

true,

been

then

reached?

phantoms

the

why

is

of

reasoning

must

the

poles
hollow,
fail.

kinds,
inland.

have

"

open

all

farther

The
earth

of
of

game

than

warmer

is

that

bodies

are

are

or

all

poles
but

ciple
prin-

INTERIOR

THE

OF

EARTH

275

XXII.

CHAPTER

WHAT

IS

asked

I have

been

the

interior

in

is

course,

the

be

"Is

in

found

afar

but

do
there.

get

we

show

the

not

will

seeing
is

there

till

circumstances
fact

the

that

its contents

but

determined

easily

so

We

it is like

hollow

questioned;

be

cannot

like

not

is like

what
many

is

earth

little

what

know

we

So

is

know
It

know

not

of

hollow?"

not

off:

the

on

It

earth
do

find

to

That,

based

its interior.

island

land,

the

it is, but

that

an

earth.

earth.

on

EARTH?

THE

I expect

the

speculative,

question,

know

what

of

found

evidence

OF

INTERIOR

THE

IN

till

are

look

we

in-

"

side.
and

From
from

tropical
for
in
near

both
the
the
the

also

be

what

analysis,
and

arctic

interior

"

cold

and

all

sea

vast

gather,
kinds

found

must

and

be
cold

arid

bly
possi-

serpent,

territories

"

there;

climates

monsters,

much-talked-of

found,

be

to

inland

warm

Sea

poles.

of

game

will

"

and

warm

able

am

of

may
ara-

land

ble

for

of

the

such
thus

This

Circle.
acres

be

found

in

all

kinds.

and

gems,

'We

of

of

relieve

the

of
winters

eight

of

winter

In

other

of

in

other

little

longer

The

two

of

the

just

six

the

year

the

make

four

in

interior

earth.
interior

long,

and

becomes

summer

the

two

months
on

the

months

winter
up

the

be

mers
sum-

and

years

years

but

are

and

our

usually
un-

will

two

are

and

used

be

this

Vgiving

summer

each

words,

earth

the

every

of

large

be

duration

months

two

months

of

there

as

months^

four

exterior.

would

think

in

be

to

if it should
not

of

minerals

finding

which

I do

however,

case,

in

may
gems

the

on

as

darkness

dark.

and

likely

as

too,

radium,

the

Minerals

are

succeed,

may

millions

contains

earth

the

tic
Arc-

the

require

grow.

they

it, and

of

snow

in

snow

it colors

that

earth

and

exterior

the

quantities,

The

quantities
to

to

great

interior

the

with

would

land

of

quantities
the

to

colored

the

produces

of

falls

quantities

great

POLES

This

great

its way

and

earth,

THE

purposes.

the

upon

finds

that

pollen

OF

farming

is based

theory
of

PHANTOM

THE

276

little shorter.
six

months.

INTERIOR

OF

THE

EARTH

Because

Why?
interior

of

the

forty-five

of

the

earth

at

thousand

one

would

of

the

earth

earlier

than

opening

for

the

later.

the

light

the

interior
less
south.

the

shorter
heat

and

winters
and

the

light
longer.
correct.

from

sun

the
is

than

arctic
Ant-

shorter
its

heat

opening

five

the

"

to

hundred

opening

to

would

ing
earlier, mak-

deriving

summers

This

wider;

consequently

disappear

from

because

the

winter

as

days

summer

derived

earth

interior

disappear

the

heat

north,

diameter
The

would

the

the

later, and

appear

miles

and

of
in

hundred

which

from

and

only

three

several

simply

and

summer

is

The

north,

make

light

interior

or

the

south

it

would

longer,

"

the

the

in

shine

reason

with

supplied

the

diameter,

the

is five

same

ence;
circumfer-

Arctic,

or

arctic,
Ant-

or

circumference.

to

from

That

miles

in

at

the

than

miles
in

in

into

north,

the

in diameter,

miles

the

begin

south,

miles

opening

miles

thousand
sun

hundred

while
the

the

at

hundred

into

opening

the

earth

is fifteen
or

277

the

north,

seems

to

me

their

and
able
reason-

the

PHANTOM

THE

278

dimensions

The

poles

arrived

are

poles,
been

hundred

to

the

poles,

Timber

of

shown

only

as

will

believe

be

may

of

found

be

in

way

places

nuits;

will

climate

the

on

San

be

and

by

earth.

It

Francisco,

the
are

is

about

I should

used.
than

coming

much

such

relics

for

even

in

be

their

present

were

winds

cooler

much

and

know

more

races

Camping

the

latter

earth

found

have

to

will

least

discovered,

much

interior, which

winter

or

articles

shown

as

race

exterior.

the

certain

purposes

earth,

did

nor

The

belong

the

Arctic.

the

at

as

of

shores

the

who

been

not

found,

of

the

have

miles

interior

some

race,

from

did

that

but

varied,

be

of

inhabited.

Eskimo

the

the

that

sand
thou-

one

is estimated.

the

inlets

seven

hundred

will

on

from

other

side

one

size

good

fiords, islands, and

also

five

driftwood

by

the

thousand

one

have

miles

fiftymiles, making

and
and

and

pole,

supposed

netic
mag-

south,

hundred

five

the

at

The

way
and

north

one

openings

the

in this

at

both

reached,

the

of

POLES

THE

OF

Inwhat
The
on

from
in

warmer

than

summer

judge,

climate
where

as

one

OF

INTERIOR

has

to

EARTH

THE

think

to

Stop

279

it is

whether

June

or

January.
I

have

asked

been
of

manner

of

to

be

taken,

to

be

guarded

and

dangers

against.

For

instance,

plunging

swamp

scouts,
To

care

keeping

it does

earth's

should

be

taken

to

breakers,

plan

passing

be

should

boat

weather,

the

should

without

which

and

of
within

the
a

to

round

earth.
few

by

miles

be

which

done

the

turn

Stations
of

the

course.

in

compass

have

and

that

safest

found
a

will

through

interior

placed

be

of
plied
sup-

boats

order

and

be

can

well

be

auxiliary

best

the

all

clear

steer

in

special

pilot

no

to

searchlights,

have

fast

gerous.
dan-

against

guard

trip

out

shore.

interior

as

ship

very

powerful

steer

etc.

with

Some

first

the

especially

seem

the

the

be

can

from

accidents;

an

by sending

into

for

ship

This

away

not

are

would

ocean

near.

going

conceivable
had

if

the

against, however,

me

In

into

ship,

or

are

course;

iceberg

guarded

and

risks

Some

there.

getting

risk

the

about

each

to

foggy
when
into
should

other,

28o

THE

PHANTOM

wireless

with

supplied

manned

should

I have
a

ship,

am

not

which

usual

the

ship,

not

fastened
so

could

move

not

should

large

by
in

be

of

several
When

ship.
and

she

the

timbers

thus
a

would

her

of timber

greater
than

any

two

pressure

ship's

could

edge

feet

be

tended
ex-

of

the

could

ship

the

berg,

endwise

crushed,

square

when

hull

when

another

being

in

timber

that

pressed

from

the

together

put

the

against
be

too

they

approached

crowded

was

and

to

held

Each

they

over

berg

protect

piece

feet

not
across

screws,

bergs

built

weather

place.

adjustable

tions
objec-

three

but

her,

as

be

"

placed

"

pieces,

two

vicinity

the

from

rough

of

out

in

have

to

in

that

be

may

timbers

pine)

of

; but

one

should

strong

(Georgia

position,

"

ship

then

and

heavy
"

points,

strengthening

there

strong

way,

large

when

had

be

good

seems

it.

to

the

shipbuilder

that

so

dangerous

for

plan

ments,
instru-

found.

be

any

POLES

operators,
can

unusually

passing

five

able

by

THE

telegraphy

communications

hourly

in

OF

would

pressed
be

made

and
as

sist
re-

wise
endto

282

THE

PHANTOM

CONCLUSION.

IN

The

earth

What

proof
Not

hollow

have

concerning

the

interior, would

as

the

Would
be

not

seen?

the

"

burning

rising
the

ice.

what

of

to

the

great

the

Arctic

an

exploding,

earth

be

winter
Arctic

Ocean

hollow,
and

would

say

edge

Nothing

it
the

not

of

home;

go
?

such
one

was

of

heart

from

come

volcano?
it not

in

cooler

explorers

the

that

plorers
ex-

clouds

could

in

burning

other

dark

for

if it did

"

dust

all the

Where

annoyances

light?

any

us

flected
re-

just

and

at

stay

bad

so

"

the

smoke

**Let

says:

from

come

clouds

the

or

ocean,

here

we

lights

great

low,

"

dust, dust, dust."

dust

in

the

Nansen

have

but

of

out

the

is what

witnessed

have

in

from

as

That

volcanoes

of

same

volcano

so,

reflect

clouds

great

it be

and

fires

great

If

see

icebergs

other

any

not

you

stantial.
circum-

everything

hollow.

burning

ter?
lat-

the

or

contrary,

being

are

on

or

iota, positive

its

there

and

we

one

to

it is not.

is either

On

points

POLES

THE

OF

If
be

the

warmer

summer?
that

north

wind