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An Important Element of
WDM Systems
Xavier Fernando
ADROIT Group
Ryerson University
Optical Amplifiers
Conventional Repeaters in N-WDM
systems are very inefficient:
Wavelength de-multiplexing
O/E conversion electrical amplification N times
retiming pulse shaping E/O
conversion}
wavelength multiplexing
Basic Concepts
Most optical amplifiers use stimulated emission
An optical amplifier is basically a laser without
feedback
Optical gain is realized when the amplifier is pumped
optically (or electrically) to achieve population
inversion
Gain depends on wavelength, internal light intensity
and amplifier medium
Two types: semiconductor optical amplifiers and
fiber doped amplifiers
Applications
Power Amp
Configurations
Continuous Wave
(Constant)
N3
Radiationless
Decay
N2
N2
N1
N1
980 nm
Pump
N3
~1550 nm
~1550 nm
Signal
N2
N1
Output
EDFA
configurations
Co-Directional Pumping
Counter Directional
Dual Pumping