TypesofElectricMotors

ElectricMotors

DCMotors

ACMotors

Shuntmotor
h
SeparatelyExcited
motor

Steppermotor
Induction
motor

SeriesMotor
PermanentMagnet
DC(PMDC)
Compoundedmotor

OtherMotors

Brushless DC motor
BrushlessDCmotor

Hysteresismotor
Synchronous
motor
Reluctancemotor
Universalmotor

DCMotors
1.ShuntDCmotor:Therotorandstatorwindingsareconnectedinparallel.
2.Sparately Excitedmotor:Therotorandstatorareeachconnectedfromadifferentpower
supply,thisgivesanotherdegreeoffreedomforcontrollingthemotorovertheshunt.
3.Seriesmotor:thestatorandrotorwindingsareconnectedinseries.Thusthetorqueis
proportionaltoI2 soitgivesthehighesttorquepercurrentratiooverallotherdcmotors.
Itisthereforeusedinstartermotorsofcarsandelevatormotors(p.563Chapman,4e,
2005 McGrow Hill).
2005McGrow
Hill)
4.PermanentMagnet(PMDC)motors:Thestatorisapermanentmagnet,sothemotoris
smallerinsize.
Disadv: only used for low torque applications
Disadv:onlyusedforlowtorqueapplications

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushed_DC_electric_motor

DCMotors
5.Compouned motor:thestatorisconnectedtotherotorthroughacompound
ofshuntandserieswindings,iftheshuntandserieswindingsadduptogether,
themotoriscalledcomulatively compounded.Iftheysubtractfromeach
other,thenadifferentiallycompoundedmotorresults,whichisunsuitablefor
anyapplication.

A:shunt
B:series
C: compound
C:compound
f=field(stator)coil
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor

Disadvantages of DC motors
DisadvantagesofDCmotors
1. Brushwear:Sincetheyneedbrushestoconnecttherotor
winding.Brushwearoccurs,anditincreasesdramatically
inlowpressureenvironmet.Sotheycannotbeusedin
artificialhearts. Ifusedonaircraft,thebrusheswould
needreplacementafteronehourofoperation.
d
l
t ft
h
f
ti
2. Sparksfromthebrushesmaycauseexplosionifthe
environmentcontainsexplosivematerials.
3. RFnoisefromthebrushesmayinterferewithnearbyt.v.
sets,orelectronicdevices,..etc
Ref.Chapmanp.674675

ACMachines
InductionMotor:Socalledbecausevoltageisinducedin
therotor(thusnoneedforbrushes),butforthistohappen,
the rotor must rotate at a lower speed than the magnetic
therotormustrotateatalowerspeedthanthemagnetic
fieldtoallowfortheexistance ofaninducedvoltage.
Thereforeanewtermisneededtodescribetheinduction
motor: the slip.
motor:theslip.
SynchronousMotor:Socalledbecauserotortriestolineup
withtherotatingmagneticfieldinthestator.Ithasthe
stator of an induction motor, and the rotor of a dc motor.
statorofaninductionmotor,andtherotorofadcmotor.
SquirrelcageInductionMotor
Seeiton:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induction_motor
Note:Figureismisleading.Thenumberofpolesmust
be an even integer of the number of phases used
beanevenintegerofthenumberofphasesused.
Thusthisdiagramshouldhave6coils,butthatwould
preventonefromimaginingtherotation.

ACMachines
Accuraterepresentationof
a6pole3phaseAC
inductionmotor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
/File:Rotatingfield.png

SynchronousMachines
4-17 THREE-PHASE ROTATING FIELDS require three pairs of
windings 120
120 apart,
apart energized by voltages that also have a 120
120degree phase displacement.
SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS are specifically designed to maintain
constant speed
speed, with the rotor synchronous to the rotating field
field.
Synchronous motors require modification (such as squirrel-cage
windings) to be self-starting.
Textandfiguresontophalfofpagefrom
http://www.tpub.com/content/neets/14177/css/14177_101.htm

DC

AC

http://www.motcointernational.com/sy_motors.htm

Dave Polka Chapter 3 of AC Motors: IEC Ratings

Reluctance motors
Reluctancemotors
1.

2.
3.
4.

5
5.
6.

Reluctancemotor:Asynchronousinduction
motor.Therotorhassalientpolesandacage
so that it starts like an induction motor and
sothatitstartslikeaninductionmotor,and
runslikeasynchronousmotor.
Usessoftmagnetrotorthatismagnetizedby
pp
theapplicationofcurrentinthestatorcoils
Themagnetisspunbya3phaseACmotor
withnorotorvoltage
Thegearteetharedesignedtoincreasethe
magneticfluxdrivingtherotorwhile
providingasymmetrythatgivesitthe
rotationalacceleration
http://wapedia.mobi/en/File:Switched_rel
Permeability of the rotor provides a
Permeabilityoftherotorprovidesa
uctance_motor_64.svg
significantincreaseininductivepower
FullsolutionofFaradayslawwithtimeand
velocity dependence.
velocitydependence.

Other motors
Othermotors
1.

2.
3.
4
4.
5.

Reluctancemotor:Asynchronousinduction
motor.Therotorhassalientpolesandacage
,
sothatitstartslikeaninductionmotor,and
runslikeasynchronousmotor.
Hysteresismotor:hysteresisproducesthe
torque,canbeverytiny,usedasthedriver
for electric clocks (Chapman p 669)
forelectricclocks(Chapman,p.669).
Steppermotor:aspecialtypeofsynchronous
motors.Rotatesanumberofdegreeswith
eachelectricpulse.
B hl
BrushlessDCmotor:aclosecousinofa
DC
l
i f
permanentmagnetsteppermotorwith
electroniccontrollers
Universalmotor:Ifaseried dcmotorhasa
laminatedstatorframe,itcanruneffectively
fromanacsupplyaswellasdc,thisisthe
universla motor.

BrushlessDC
(actuallya
pulsedAC
l d C
motor)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Poles.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/67
htt
// l d iki di
/ iki di / /6/67
/StepperMotor.gif

Quiz Yourself
QuizYourself
Question:
Question:atthesamepower,Wwhich
at the same power Wwhich hasa
has a
higherefficiency,thesynchronousmotoror
the induction motor?
theinductionmotor?
Sol:thesynchronousmotor,becausethelack
of brushes to connect the rotor of the
ofbrushestoconnecttherotorofthe
inductionmotormakesitsmagneticfieldrun
through an air gap which has a much higher
throughanairgap,whichhasamuchhigher
reluctance.