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II
THE JEWISH WAR, BOOKS I-III
LONDON
INTRODUCTION
The History of the Jewish War is the earliest and the most famous of the works of
Josephus. The first-fruits of the leisure which he found in Rome after the war, it
was written with all the advantages possessed by an excombatant and eyewitness,
now a pensioner quartered in the former palace of Vespasian, with the "
commentaries " of his imperial patrons, the commanders in the recent campaign,
placed at his disposal." The title by which the author refers to his work is Title.
"Concerning the Jewish War" (Ilept tov 'lov^alKov TTokifjiov Vita 412, A. xx. 258,
cf. xviii. 11). Laqueur, Der Jild. Hisioriker Flavins Josephus, Giessen, 1920, p 255
and p. 98, considers that this heading plainly betrays the purely Roman point of
view of the Jewish turncoat. The expanded form, 'loi'SaJKov iroXe/xov Trpos
'Poj/zaiovs, found at the head of the first two books in Niese's principal ms P, may,
it has been suggested, be an attempt of the author to neutralize the offensive
character of the former superscription. But the majority of the mss employ another
title, " Concerning (the) capture " (Ylepl aAolcreojs), often with the addition of
'lov8al'Ky]s l(rropia<i. The title Ilepi aAcuo-ews is found also in Origen and
Jerome, the latter of whom attributes it to the author himself : quae Josephus
Judaicae
scriptor
historiae
septem
explicat
uoluminibus,quibusimposuittitulumCaptiui<' Ap. i. 50, Vita 358, 423.
vii
INTRODLXTION
viii
INTRODUCTION
We learn from the proem that the Greek text was First
not the first draft of the work. It had been preceded ^Jfuonf
by a narrative written in Aramaic and addressed to
" the barbarians in the interior," who are more
precisely defined lower down as the natives of
Parthia, Babylonia, and Arabia, the Jewish dispersion
in Mesopotamia, and the inhabitants of Adiabene,
a principality of which the reigning house, as was
proudly remembered, were converts to Judaism
{B. i, 3, 6). Of this Aramaic work the Greek is
described as a " version" ("EAAa'St yXwcrcrr] /aeTa/iaAuJi),
INTRODUCTION
rhe Old The original Aramaic edition was at an early date lost
The full text of the Slavonic version has not yet been
made available to scholars : but the first four books of the
War have appeared in a German translation by the late
yersiOD.
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
should learn the facts, that he affixed his own sigrature to them and gave orders for their publication "
(ib. 363, Ap.i. 50 ff.).
INTRODUCTION
attract the general reader. Then follows an inordinately long introduction, occupying the whole of
the first and nearly half the second Book, containing
a sketch of Jewish history from the previous capture
of the Temple by Antiochus Epiphanes down to the
outbreak of the war with Rome, nearly 250 years
later. When in later life the author undertook a
complete history of his nation, this portion of the
narrative was expanded in the Antiquities, where it
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
XV
INTRODUCTION
xvi
INTRODUCTION
xvii
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
These scanty hints can be supplemented by a fewnotices in the works produced in later life, the
Contra Apionem and the Life. Here again he emphasizes the personal part which he took in the contest, as
commander in Galilee in the opening campaign, after
his capture in constant touch with the Roman generals,
and during the siege of Jerusalem associated with
Titus behind the Roman lines. He tells us that
throughout the siege he made careful notes of the
proceedings in the Roman camp and was kept aware
of events within the city by deserters, whose information he was alone in a position to understand
{Ap. i. 47-49). We know, moreover, from the War^
that he was employed on more than one occasion as
intermediary to urge his besieged compatriots to
surrender. We learn further that King Agrippa, who
was kept supplied with a copy of the War as it
appeared in parts, was in correspondence with the
author throughout its production and offered to
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
las of For the pre-war period (Books i-ii) we can confidently name one writer, frequently mentioned in the
Antiquities, as having furnished material also for the
JVar Nicolas of Damascus (c. 61- B.C. to the end of
the century), the intimate friend of Herod the Great
and of Augustus, and author of a universal history
in 144 books and other works, including probably a
xxii
iSCU.
INTRODUCTION
xxiii
INTRODUCTION
xxiv
INTRODUCTION
Josephus, B. vi.
241
" Dr. Eisler suggests that " Christian! " may be a general
designation for Jewish " Messianist " rebels; but here I
hesitate to follow him.
XXV
INTRODUCTION
For the earlier pre-war history Josephus has himself provided us ^vith a certain check upon his statements and enabled us to form some estimate of his
treatment of his sources by the double narrative
which he has left us. The precise relation between
the two narratives cannot here be considered. The
fuller account in the Antiquities was based partly on
the same sources which he had used in the JVar,
partly on new information since obtained. The
subject matter has sometimes been re-arranged,
notably in the latter part of Herod's reign, where
the JVar separates the external history from the
domestic tragedies, while the Antiquities keep the
chronological order. There are, as is natural,
inconsistencies between the two accounts ; but,
generally speaking, it may be said that the author
faithfully follows his written authorities.
overlaps with the Life. Here there are unaccountable discrepancies, and the autobiographical notices
of the historian must be pronounced the least trustworthy portion of his writings. The numerous inconsistencies, of a minor or a graver character,
between the two accounts of his command in Galilee,
to which attention is called in the footnotes to B. ii.
569-64:6, betray either gross carelessness or actual
fraud.'' Laqueur, who holds the Life, or certain
portions of it, to be the earlier and more faithful
record, suspects the author of deliberate misrepresentation of some details in the War in order
narrative
of the wa
INTRODUCTION
cent. xii.
XXX
Abbreviations
A . = Antiquitates Judaicae.
Ap.= Contra Apionem.
B. = Bellum Judaicum.
V.= Vita.
Praeparatw Evangelica).
ins. = inserted by. om. = omit.
xxxii
VOL n
BIBAIOX A
^ om. P Eus.
3
BOOK I
(1) The war of the Jews against the Romans the prefm
greatest not only of the wars of our own time, but,
so far as accounts have reached us, well nigh of all
that ever broke out between cities or nations has
not lacked its historians. Of these, however, some, [nadeq
having taken no part in the action, have collected 5lLtorii
from hearsay casual and contradictory stories which
they have then edited in a rhetorical style ; while
JOSEPH us
' Some Mss. have arowov ouu riyTjad/x-ni'. But chaps. (1) and
(-2) apparently form a single sentence, 4 and 5 being a
parenthesis.
" The " up-country barbarians " intended are more precisely specified in (3.
' As Reinach points out, this is exaggerated. At the outbreak of war the Roman Empire was free from disorder.
the revolt of Gaul under Vindex (a.d. 68) and to that of the
Batavi under Civilis (69).
In the upper Tigris region.
JOSEPHUS
7 (3) Katrot ye laropiag auras 7TLypd(f)LV roXfjLcoGLi', if ah 77/30? TO) fiTjSeu vyieg SrjXovf /cat tou
OK07T0V hoKOVGLV euLOLye OLafj^apTOLUCLV. ^ovXovraL
jikv yap fieydXov? rovg 'Poj/xat'ous" aTToSeiKi'veLU,
Kara^aXXovcnu Se del rd ^[ovSaioju Kal raTretvov-
^OVGLU.
ydp avrr]v GraGL? OLKela KadeiXev, Kal ra? 'Pcopiaiojv -x^elpas d/coJaa? Kal ro rrvp inl rov [dytov]'
vadv elXKVoav ol ^Xovhaicov rvpavvoi, pudprvs avros
6 TTopdrjGas KaLGap TtVo?, eV Travrl roj TToXepLCx)
rov iiev SrjpLov eXerjOas vtto row crracrtacrrajv ^povpovpLevoVy TToXXaKLS he Ikojv r-qv oXcoglv rrjs
TToXecjs V7Tepridep.evos Kal SiSou? rfj TToXiopKia
nation, and yet they continually depreciate and disparage the actions of the Jews. But I fail to see
JOSEPHUS
' PAM : on), the rest : Destinon conj. ulav (after Lat.
solam). 2 A'^^'^"^ Lat, : om. the rest.
C5 . . f, , ary events
JOSEPHUS
IG LOTopLag KaraGKevd^ojv lSlov. Kayoj fxev duaXcvfiacn /cat 7701^01? fJLeyLCTTOL? dXXochvXo? a)u "EAXrjGL T Kal 'Pco^taioi? tt7i^ ^vrj^rjv tojv Karopdoj'
fj-drcou dvariBrnML- Tolg Se yvr]GLOig Trpo? fjikv rd
X-q/jL/jLara Kal rag St/ca? Ke^-qvev evdeojs ro orojia
Kal r) yXdJaaa XeXurat, 7Tp6<; he rrfv loTopiav, evda
\pr] rdXrjBrj XeyLv Kal fxerd ttoXXov ttovov rd
TTpdyfiara ovXXeyen', 7T<j)i}xa>vTaL Trapevre^ rot?
dodeueoTepoL^ Kal fxrjSe ywcoGKOVOi rd? Trpd^ei?
70JW rjye/JLOucoi' ypd^eiv. TLfjcdaOo) Sr) ttq/d' tjulu to
T7J<; LGToplag dXy]d^, errel nap* "EaXXtiglv rjfjLeXrjTaL.
earlier works still left room tor a new " archaeology "
{A. i. proem).
JOSEPHUS
irapd LVXC.
12
13
JOSEPHUS
(10) M}^ narrative will proceed to tell of the second iv. 658.
invasion of our country by Titus, starting from Egypt ;
how and where he mustered his forces, and their v. 47.
strength; the condition to which civil war had v. 1.
reduced the city on his arrival ; his various assaults
15
JOSEPHUS
28 ocra vtto rov Xiixov KaKOjOevreg idXojaav. TrapaXeli/jco 8e ouSe rd? row avrofxoXajv drvxias ouSe
rds rojv aL)(iiaXojrojv KoXdcrei?, ottojs re 6 vao?
aKOvros iveTrp-qodri Kalaapo? Kal ooa rcov Upojv
KeLiirjXlajv eV rov rrvpos rjpTrdyr), r-qv re rrj? oXrj?
TToAecos" dXojGLv Kal rd rrpd ravrrj? cn^/xeta /cat
repara, Kal r-qv alxfJiaXcoGLav rojv rvpdwcov, rcov
re dyhpaTTohiGdevrcov rd ttXtjOos Kal els tjv eKa-
16
(11) I shall then describe the tyrants' brutal treatment of their fellow-countrymen and the clemency
of the Romans towards an alien race, and how often
Titus, in his anxiety to save the city and the temple,
invited the rival parties to come to terms with him.
I shall distinguish between the sufferings and
calamities of the people, culminating in their defeat,
as attributable respectively to the war, the sedition,
and the famine. Nor shall I omit to record either Book vi.
the misfortunes of the deserters or the punishments
inflicted on the prisoners ; the burning of the Temple,
contrary to Caesar's wishes, and the number of the
sacred treasures rescued from the flames ; the taking
of the whole city and the signs and portents that vi. 288.
preceded it ; the capture of the tyrants, the number
of the prisoners and the destiny allotted to each ; vi. 414.
nor yet how the Romans crushed the last remnants Book vii
of the war and demolished the local fortresses ; how
Titus paraded the whole country and restored order ;
and lastly his return to Italy and triumph.
" C/. Ap. ii. 80, 107, for the " discoveries " of Antiochus
Epiphanes in the Holy of Holies and the " unspeakable
mysteries " supposed to take place there. '' c. 171 b.c.
17
JOSEPHUS
aovoTjg KaS^ ou Kaipov 'AvTto;^o? o KXrjdel^ 'Etti(f>avrjg hL(f)pTO TTcpl oXtj? Hvpla? TTpog UroXepLOLOv TOP eKTOv {t) (jyiXoripia S' -qv avroig Trepl
hvvaoTeia?, eKdcrrov row eV d^LcofJiaTL purj (})epovTog Tols op-OiOLS V7TorTdxOo.L) , ^OvLa? pikv els tojv
dpxiepeojv eTTLKparrjoa? e^e^aXe rrjg 7t6XCj<; rovg
34 (2) 'AvTid^w ye p-rjv ovre ro Trap* eXrriha KparrjooL rrjs TToXews ovd^ at dpTrayal Kal 6 rooovrog
<f)6vo9 rjpKeoeu, vno 8e aKpaoias rradcov Kal Kara
pLvqpLrjv (hv Trapo} rrjv rroXiopKLav eiradev rjvdyKatev ^lovhaiovs , KaraXvoavrag rd Trdrpia, ^pe<j)7j
re avrojv cbvXdrreiv aTrepirpirira Kal ovg eTndveiv
35 roj jjojpLoj' 77 pos a Trdvres p^eu 'qneidovv , eo(f>drrovro he ol boKLpLOjraroL. Kal HaKXthr]? 6 7re/x-
" " The refrular course," literally " continuity," i.e. the
Tdwui or continutus (standing) burnt offering. "Sacrifices";
18
the Greek word is that elsewhere used for the Lat. parentatio
or offering to the manes of the dead. ** B. vii. 421 ff.
19
JOSEPHUS
^^et? VTT^ ^ AvTioxov (f)povpapxo?, rfj (f)uaLKi^ irpoGXa^ojv (hfioT-qri to. doe^rj TrapayyeXfjLara napavop.ia<i ovhepLiav KareXiTrev vrrep^oXrjV, /cat /car
avhpa rovs d^toAdyou? atVt^d/xevo? Kal KOLvfj KaO^
Tj/jiepav ivSeLKvvfjLcvo^ oiJjlv dAojcreaj? rfj ttoXcl,
fJi^xpi- rat? VTTep^oXalg tojv dhiKrjpbdrojv tovs tto.oxovras ch djivvrfs roXpiav rjpediGC.
37 TrpooyevojjL^vcov he dno rod hrjpuov ttoXXcov dvadapOTjoas KdreiGi Kal GVjji^aXdw p^dx'O vlko. re rovs
^AvTLOxov Grpar-qyovs Kal rrjg 'louSata? e^eXavvei.
TTapeXddw he dno rrjs evrrpaytag els hvvaGreiav
Kal hid rrjv dTraXXayqv rwv dXXo(l)vXa)V dp^ag rcjv
a<f)erepa)V eKovrojv, reXevra *Iou8a roj rrpeG^vrdrcp rcjv Traihojv KaraXiTrajv rrjv dpxT]i^.
38 (^) '0 he, ov yap rfpefJU^GeLv ^Avrloxov vtteXdfjL^ave, rds r' eTTixojpiovs GvyKporel hwdfieis
Kal TTpds 'PojfjLalovs TjpvJros enoL-qGaro (jjiXiaVy
Kal rov ^K7TL(i>avrj TrdXtv els rrjv x^P^^ e/x^dA-
Mattathias (1 Mace).
20
21
JOSEPHUS
22
23
JOSEPHUS
45 yiv^rai he kol KXrjhujv TaSeA</)tZ ttjs oX-qg napard^eco?' KapTp(Jo<; p-kv yd.p ol 'louSatot koX />te;(/3t
TToXXov btrj-yajVLGavro, TrXrjdeL 8e V7Tpe)(ovT ol
^aaiXiKol /cat Sc^ta xpiqadpievoL rv)(rj Kparovai,
46 'Ai^Tt'o;^? 8e TrapeXdojv el? 'lepoaoXvp^a /cat Kadioas oAtya? iqfiepa? eV aur?] /cara OTrdvLv rd>u
eTTLrriheicov dTTavicrraraL, KaraXiTTow p.kv <f)povpdv
ocrrju d-TTOXP'TjueLV vTreXdp^^aue, rrjw 8e XoLTTrjv bwapiiv aTTayayajv x^tpiepLOVGav el? rrjv Hvplav.
48 (ii. 1) Atade^a/xet^o? he rovrov 6 dheX(f)6? 'Icuvddrj? rd re dXXa npo? rov? e7TL)(copLov? hcd (f)vXaKT]? Tjyev eavrov, /cat rfj Trpo? 'Ptu/xatou? (;^tAta
rrjV dp)cqv eKparvvaro, "Trpo? re rov W^no-^ov
24
daring assailant would have gained but the reputation of courting death in the bare expectation of a
brilliant exploit. To Eleazar's brother the incident
proved an omen of the issue of the engagement.
For, long and stubborn as was the resistance of the
Jews, the king's forces, with superior numbers and
favoured by fortune, were victorious ; and, after
the loss of many of his men, Judas fled with the
remainder to the province of Gophna." Antiochus
proceeded to Jerusalem, where, owing to a shortage
of supplies, he stayed but a few days ; he then left
what he considered a sufficient garrison and withdrew the rest of his army to winter quarters in Syria.
25
JOSEPHUS
50 (2) St/xoiv Se yewacios drfj-qyo-ufxevos ra>v rrpayfidrajv aipet fiev Tdi^apd^ re /cat 'Iottt^v /cat 'la/x.vetay rcDv TTpoaoiKcov, KareaKaipe 8e /cat tt^i/
a/cpav TcrJv <j)povpojv Kpartjo-a?. au^t? 8e ytVerat
/cat 'AvTto;^6fj Gvixpbaxo? Kara Tpv(f)OJVos, ou iv
A(jL}poLg TTpo rrjg eVt MtJSous" arparela? eVoAtop-
52 /cat /caraSouAajao/xet'ov St^a>va, c) Se /catrot yi^patog OJV veavLKOjrepov dcfirjyrjo-aro rod TroXe/jLov
rov? p.v roL ye utet? avrod^ pier a rujv eppojpLeveardr OJV TTpoeKTrepLTreL, avro? 8e fjiotpav rrj? Svvd-
None, however, of these precautions proved a sufficient protection. For the tyrant Trypho, guardian
of the young Antiochus, who was ah-eady conspiring
against his ward and attempting to make away with
his friends, treacherously arrested and imprisoned
Jonathan, when on a mission with a small retinue to
Antiochus at Ptolemais, and started on a campaign
against Judaea. Repulsed by Simon, Jonathan's
brother, and indignant at his defeat he then put his
captive to death. '^
'' Greek " Acra " ; A. xiii. 215 shows that Jerusalem
is referred to.
27
JOSEPHUS
" Reckoning from 312 b.c, the first year of the Seleucid
era ; according to this reckoning Simon's high priesthood
28
dates from c. 142 b.c, i.e. from the beginning of his leadership, where it is placed in the parallel account in A. xiii. 213.
Cf. 1 Mace. xiii. 41 f., " In the hundred and seventieth year
was the yoke of the heathen taken away from Israel," and
29
JOSEPHUS
avrrjg v^ptu eVi/cAaa^eVra (fyeioaodat rod Svcrae^ovg, cl>? OLvrfj ye Kpeirrova rov eV ^ToA^tatou
Odvarov aOavaaias elvai hovros StVa? </>' ols ls
Hyrcanus did not open the tomb until after the departure
of Antiochus.
31
JOSEPH LS
63 vTToXafjL^dvoji' row fiaxLfiojrepow vpi]aeiv. McSa^r^v fiu ovu Kal Hafiayau a/xa rat? ttXtjolov, en
he ^LKLfia Kal Wpyaptl^lu avro?^ alpel, 7rp6? at? to
\ovSaia)v yevog, ol TrepicoKovu to eiKaoOkv rw ev
'lepocroAu/i,oi? Upov} alpel he /cat rrjs 'ISou/Liat'a? aAAa? re ovk oAtya? Kal Whwpeou /cat
Maptcrai'.
65 cr^at Kal rujv drjdecrrdrajv. eTTiKaXovvrai he ^orjdov Wvrio-)(^ov rov eTTLKXiqdevra ^ AoTrevhtov^ KOLKelvos eroLfiojg VTraKOVoas vtto rcjjv rtepl 'Aptaro^ovXov TjrrdraL. Kal 6 fieu p-^XP'- ^KvOonoXeaJS
hiojxd^l? VTTO rcov dheX(l>d)v eK(f)evyeL, ol 8' em
rov? ^afiapelg VTroarpeipavres ro re TrXijdog
TrdXiv el? ro relxos ovyKXeiovaiv Kal rrjv rroXiv
eXovre? avrrjv re KaraoKdrovoLv Kal rov? iv-
rrpoeXdovre? a/xa ri] hwdptei p-expi- Trj? TiKvdoTToXeo)? ravrr]v re Karehpapiov /cat rr^v evro? KappLrjXov rov opov? x^P*^^ aTraoav Kareveip,avro .
32
proph
JOSEPHUS
(iii. 1) On the death of Hyrcanus, Aristobulus, the aristoeldest of his sons, transformed the government into lo^^ill
a monarchy, and was the first to assume the diadem,
four hundred and seventy-one years " and three
months after the return of the people to their
country, when released from servitude in Babylon.
Of his brothers, he conferred upon Antigonus, the
next in seniority, for whom he had an apparent
affection, honours equal to his own ; the rest he
imprisoned in chains. His mother also, who had
disputed his claim to authority, John having left her
mistress of the realm, he confined in bonds, and
carried his cruelty so far as to starve her to death
in prison.
too large ; the decree of Cyrus for the return of the Jews is
dated 537 b.c, 432 years before Aristobulus I. The chronology of Josephus appears to be based on the " seventy
weeks " ( =490 years) of Dan. ix. 24.
" See 81 ff.
S5
JOSEPHUS
dSX(t)6p *AvTLyovov, ou rj-yci-a re Kal rrjg ^aatAetas" KOLVCovou etx^^' kt^lv^l yap /cat rovrov eV
hta^oXcov y a? ol Trovqpol rojv Kara ro ^aoiXeiov
VOKvdoavT0. ra fieu Srj Trpajra Sltjttlgt^l tols
XeyofMei'OLS 6 ^ApLaro^ovXo?, are Sr] /cat rov d8eA(l>6i^ dyaTTcou /cat StSou? (f)d6va) to, ttoAAo, tcou
74 vrrep rdBeX(f)oO. kolv rovrco npooLOvreg ol ttovt]pol ro) /SaatAet r-qu re TToprr-qv rwu ottXltcvu iS-qXovu /cat TO Trapdor-qpLa rou Wuriyovou pLei^ov rj
Kar^ ISicorrju, on re Trapelr]^ perd p-eyiorov ovvrdypiaro? duaip-qacov avrov ov yap dvexeodai
npLT^v pLouou K /SacTtAet'a? ^X^^> irapov avr-qu
Karaax^LU .
36
37
JOSEPHUS
^aoiXeojs OLajTrrjaat, Aeyeiv Be npo? rov 'Avrtyovov ojs 6 aheX(f)6s OLKovoag orrXa re avrco rrap-
39
f>
JOSEPHUS
(6) Remorse for his foul deed had the instant effect The enc
VOL. II c 2 41
JOSEPHUS
^ Or " loved."
43
JOSEPHUS
44-
45
JOSEPHUS
95 ottXols avfiTTeoovres. Kparel he rfj fidx^] ^rjfi-qjpios, KalroL TToXXd raw WXe^dvhpov iJiLodo(f)6pcou
Kal iJjvxT]S ^py^ Kal x^f-pos eTTihei^afievcov. x^P^^
he TO -eXos TTJs TTapard^ecos Trapd ho^av dfxchore-
Alexander was now once more his match and that the
whole nation was streaming back to him, he withdrew.
47
JOSEPHUS
97 alxfJ-aXcoTOvg dvr^yayV eiV 'lepoaoAu/xa. -npovKoipev 8' avTOj 8t' V7Tp^oXr]u opyrjs t9 doe^etau
ro rrj? dnioTTiros' twv yap Xr]<f)dvrojv oKraKomovs dvacrravpojoag eV pL^ar] rfj ttoXel yvvalKa? re
Kal TEKva avrojv d7To4)a^V <eV>^ rat? 6ipGL, Kal
ravra ttlvojv Kal (jvyKaraKeLjievog rat? TraXXaKiOLV
99 (7) Tiverai 8e avrat TrdXii' dpx'q 6opv(Sa)v ^Avrioxo 6 Kal Alovvgos^ irriKXriOeis, I^rjjjuqrpiov
fiV d8eA<^os' ctJ^', reXeurdlog 8e rd)v djTO SeAeL'/cou.
rovrov yap Setaa? arpareveGdaL inl rous "ApajSa?
(LpijL-qpevov, ro fieu piera^v rrjg vrrep ^ AvriTrarpihos
7TapojpLOV Kal row 'Iottt^? alytaXcju SLara(f)pVL
(f>dpayyL ^adela, Trpo 8e rrjg rd^pov relxos rjyeLpeu
vip-qXov Kal ^vXivovs 7Tvpyov<^ iver^Kr-qvaro rd?
^ ins. Herwerden.
49
JOSEPHUS
fidxy)? ycvofievr}?, w? yikv Trepirjv * Avrioxos dvTlx^^ V Swa/xi? avrov, KatTrep dveh-qv vtto twv
104 AAe^ai/Spoi' /card GvudT]Ka<; d^'e;\;c(Spr]o^'. 'AAe|-avSpo? Se rieAAat' eAcoi^ eVi Fepacrai^ ^t TT-CLAtf
Tcoi' GcoScopov KTTifidTOJV yAt;\;o/.tei'os', /cat rpto-t
TOV? (f)povpov? 7Tpi^6XoLs aTTOTCLX^croi? 8t;^a' f^(^XV^
\ovhaiav, rpla rrX-qpcoGas eTiq Trjs GTpaTelasdo/Jievoj? 3' 1^770 TOV edvovg iSexOr] 8td ttjv V-
^ Destinon: 5id mss.: rf. A. xiii. 393 jj anaxl-, and for the
phrase 5ia fidxv^ B. iv. 372.
50
' Ptolemy was king of Chalcis and the surrounding district in Coele-Syria (c. 85-40 B.C.) ; Aretas was king of the
Nabataean Arabs.
51
JOSEPHIS
IhLCJTiqV .
52
53
JOSEPHUS
\\Q pLevrfV Tiypdu-qu 8e rou Wpp.evi(jjv ^aaiXea npooKade^opievov nToA/Ltai8t Kat TToXiopKOvira KAeo-
* o^T&i Destinon,
54
(3) Thus they put to death Diogenes, a distinguished man who had been a friend of Alexander,
accusing him of having advised the king to crucify
his eight hundred victims." They further urged
Alexandra to make away with the others who had
instigated Alexander to punish those men ; and as
she from superstitious motives always gave way, they
proceeded to kill whomsoever they would. The
most eminent of the citizens thus imperilled sought
refuge with Aristobulus, who persuaded his mother
to spare their lives in consideration of their rank,
but, if she was not satisfied of their innocence, to
expel them from the city. Their security being thus
guaranteed, they dispersed about the country.
97.
55
JOSEPHUS
117 (4') Kdv rovrcp vooovarjs WXe^dvhpa? 6 vecoTpos Tojv Traihojv ^ Apioro^ouXog top Katpov
dpTtdoas pLerd rdjv OLKeicvv,^ ^'^X^^ ^^ TroAAou? Kal
Trdvrag vvovs Sta Tr]v deppLonqra, Kparei pikv rdjv
cpvpLdroju drrdi'Tajv, tols 8' eV tovtcuv xPVI^^^^^
pLLodo(f)6povg ddpoLoas eavrov dTToh^LKWOi jSacriAea.
120 (vi. 1) Kat KXrjpoi^opLog p.ev tjv tojv dXojv 'YpKavog, d) Kal tojoa r-qu ^aoiXeiav evexeipioev,
hvvdpieL he Kal (l)pou-qpLaTi rrpoelxev 6 Wpiaro
povXos . yevopLevqs he avrolg nepl tcov dXcov ovpL
^oXrjg TTepl 'lepLXOvura KaTaXiTrovre? ol ttoXXoI rdi
'YpKai'OP p-era^aivovaLV Trpo? rou ^ Apioro^ovXov
56
. -1 '" favour
to the throne, but m capacity and courage was aristosurpassed by Aristobulus. A battle for the crown JjJ.'^^gV.c.
took place near Jericho, when most of the troops of
Hyrcanus deserted him and went over to Aristobulus.
Hyrcanus, with those who remained with him, hastily
:ook refuge in Antonia and secured hostages for his
75. * Samaria.
57
JOSEPHUS
122 ojo-ep ddX(i>6v ^aatAeco?. eVt tovtol? StaAAayeVT^ ev Toj Upoj KOI Tov Xaov rrepieoTOJTos (f)iXo(f)p6i'cos dXXrjXovs doTraodfJLevoL SiT^/xei^at' rds otVt'as"
WpLGTofSovXos IJLV ydp et? TOL /SaatAeia, 'YpKavog
8' dvexojprjGv elg ttjv ^ApLoroBovXov oiKLav.
58
59
JOSEPHUS
127 ooAvfia GVi'eXavverai. nav (f)drj Kara Kpdros ^r]<f)6is , L /JLT) ^Kavpos 6 'Poj/JLaLOW orpaT-qyog inavacrrds avrcbu rols KaLpol? eAucjc ttju TToXiopKLav
OS i7Tp.(f)dri pikv 19 ^vpcav citto ' Apfxevias vno
nofiTrrjLOV Mayt-ou TToXep-ovvros rrpos Tiypdv-qv,
7Ta.payv6fieuo? Se etV AafxaoKov eaXcvKvlav Trpoo-
60
army, fifty thousand strong, both cavalry and infantry ,<* to reinstate his ward. This force Aristobulus
was unable to resist. Defeated in the first encounter
he was driven into Jerusalem, and would there have
been speedily captured through the storming of the
city, had not Scaurus the Roman general, intervening inteivt
at this critical moment, raised the siege. The latter gcTuru
had been sent into Syria from Armenia by Pompey in the
the Great, then at war with Tigranes. On reaching quarrel
Damascus, which had recently been captured by 65 b.c.
Metellus and Lolhus, he superseded those officers,''
and then, hearing of the position of affairs in Judaea,
hastened thither to snatch what seemed a god-sent
opportunity.
61
JOSEPHUS
135 eKeXevGev . raJ 8' tjv pLev oppLTj KaXovpLevcp SeGTTOTLKcorepov hiaKivhvveveiv pidXXov -q VTraKOVGat,
KaOecopa 8e ro TrXrjdo? dppojhovv, Kal TTaprjVovv
62
63
JOSEPHUS
* avKM^^ovai VNC
64
E:
e!-.
VOL. II D 65
JOSEPHUS
Ob
(3) Pompey himself was on the north side, engaged in banking up the fosse and the whole of the
ravine with materials collected by the troops. The
tremendous depth to be filled, and the impediments
3f every sort to which the work was exposed by the
lews above, rendered this a difficult task. Indeed,
;he labours of the Romans would have been endless,
lad not Pompey taken advantage of the seventh
67
JOSEPHUS
148 (4') "Ei'^a 87) 77oAAa rait' 'PcofialcDU KaKOiradovvrcov 6 IIo/xTTT^tos- rd re dXXa rrj^ Kaprepiag
Tovg ^lovSaLOV? d7Tedavixat,ev, /cat pLaXLcrra rod
pL-qhev TTapaXvcrai rrjs 6priOKeia<^ ev /xeaot? rols
^eXeoLv dvetX-qpLevovs' ojorrep yap elp-i]vr]'g ^aOeta?
Karexovo-qg rrjv noXtv at re Ovaiai Kad^ -qpiepai'
labbath " {^v rrj tov Kpouov n/j.^pa) ; and it has been held
)y some that " the fast " named in Josephus's non-Jewish
ource meant the sabbath, according to a mistaken and widepread idea in the Graeco-Roman world that the Jews fasted
)n the sabbath (Schiirer).
69
JOSEPHUS
}o\ afjir])(^auLaLS UTTenpr^oav Kal ovyKaT<j)XeyovTO . 'lofSaicou ixkv ovv durjpedrjaav pLvpioi Kal hiG\iXLOL,
^PojfjLalow Se oXtyoL f-ih- irdw vKpoi, Tpaf/xartai
8' eyevovTO TrXeLOug.
70
consumed in the flames. Of the Jews twelve thousand perished ; the losses of the Romans in dead
were trifling, in wounded considerable.
71
JOSEPHUS
158 hvo 8' i^aai^ avroj Ovyare'pe^ Kal hvo vU??, (hv c
erepos p-ev WXe^aihpos e'/c rrjs ohov 8taSt8paCT/cet
for the war were executed. Faustus and his brave Judaea
companions in arms were presented with splendid iributarj
rewards. The country and Jerusalem were laid ^'^ ^^"^^
under tribute.
VOL. II D 2 73
JOSEPH us
<4
but for the arrival of Gabinius, who had been sent Govemn
to Syria as successor to Scaurus." Gabinius, whose j!,^!''^"
valour had been proved on many other occasions,
now marched against Alexander. The latter, alarmed
at his approach, raised the strength of his army to
ten thousand foot and fifteen hundred horse, and
fortified the strategic positions of Alexandreion,
Hyrcania, and Machaerus, adjacent to the Arabian
mountains.
75
JOSEPHUS
166 ovverroXiGdiiGav yovv tovtov KeXevGaPTO TtKvdottoXls Te Kal Hafidpeia Kal ^Avdrjhdjv Kal 'A770AXojiia Kal ^Idfiveta Kal 'Pd(f)La Ma/3tcra re Kal
Whwpeog Kal Fd/jLaXa^ Kal "A^coto? Kal d'AAai
TToXXai, Tojv OLKrjTopojw dofxei'Lo? icf)^ CKdoT-qu
GVvdeOVTQJV .
76
peared before long with the heavy infantry. Alexander, unable to withstand the combined forces of
the enemy, retired, but wlien approaching Jerusalem
was forced into an engagement. In this battle he
lost six thousand of his men, three thousand killed,
and as many prisoners. With the remnant of his
army he fled to Alexandreion.
to each of them.
77
JOSEPHUS
<jj(jre 'AAe'^aiSpo? aTToyvov? rrepl rojv oXojv imKripvKVrai -pog avrou, ovyyvajodrjuat t tow
r)iiaprr]fivajv S6pLvo? Koi ra ovfXfxivovTa^ (jypovpia
TrapadLSov? 'TpKaviau Kal Maxatpovvra- avOis he
168 Kal TO WXe^6.vbpLOv ivex^^pi-oeu. a rravra TajSato? vayovar)g -rjg WAe^di^hpou p.r]Tp6? Kar(jrpei/jv, wg p.r] ttolXlv oppLTjTTjpLou yivoiro devrepov
TToXe/jLOV TTaprjV he iieiXiGGOfxevri rou Faf^LULOU Kara
heo<; Tojv eTTL rfis 'Pa)iJLr]<^ aix/jLaXojrow, rov re
1 cxWri<p'^(UTa PAM.
78
D r^ 1, jj- ^ capture I
79
JOSEPHUS
175 (~) Po-^i-vioj 5' eirl Yldpdovs (Lpfirj/jLevoj orpareveiv yiverai UToXepLalos ipLTTohiov, ov^ vttoorpei/jas d?:' Rixhpdrov Karrjyev els AtyvTrrov,
81
JOSEPHUS
7nrr]hLOLg tV aTrav-ra xpojixevog Kara rr]v arpaTeiav 'YpKauo) /cat Wutlttoltpoj' Kal yap -x^pi^fxara
Kal oirXa Kal alrov Kal eTTiKovpovg Wi'TiTrarpo?
Trpoarjyev, Kal rov? ravTrj ^lovSalov^ (f)povpovvras
7G.S Kara ro Hr^XovcrLOu e/x^oAa? napelvai Ta^ivLov
17S cGK^hdodrj (f>vyi]. Kal Fa/ScVio? iX6d>i' eh '\epoo6Xvpia rrpos ro WvriTidrpov ^ovXrip.a KareGrrjaaro
rrjv TToXireLav. evdev oppLT^oa^ ^a^araLOju re
p-axf) Kparel Kal Midpthdrr^v Kal ^OpGavrjV (f)vyovra? eV YldpOajv Kpv(j)a p,kv d7T7TpnpV, vapd
hk roLS GrpariojraL? eXeyev dTTohpavai.
83
JOSEPHUS
capturing Tarichaeae, where he reduced thirty thousand Jews to slavery and put to death Peitholaus,
who was endeavouring to rally the partisans of
Aristobulus. His execution was recommended by
Antipater. Antipater had married a lady named Rise of
Gypros, of an illustrious Arabian family, by whom ^^"^^''^
he had four sons Phasael, Herod afterwards king,
Joseph, and Pheroras and a daughter, Salome. He
had, by kind offices and hospitality, attached to himself persons of influence in every quarter ; above all,
through this matrimonial alliance, he had won the
friendship of the king of Arabia, and it was to him
that he entrusted his children when embarking on war
with Aristobulus. Gassius, having bound over Alexander by treaty to keep the peace, returned to the
Euphrates to prevent the Parthians from crossing it.
Of these events we shall speak elsewhere.''
whether Josephus in this and kindred phrases, mainly relating to Parthia and the Seleucids, has thoughtlessly taken
over a formula from his source, or whether he actually wrote,
or contemplated writing, a work which has not come down
to us.
85
JOSEPHUS
1S4 d^o6ai. (j)6dvL d' o (hSovos Kal rrji^ Wptaro^ovXov 77 podviiiav koI to,? Kaicrapos" iXTrlBag'
<f)apfidK(i) yovv dvaipedels vtto rojv rd IXofiTTrjiov
<f)poi'Ovvrajv M^'XP' ttoXXov fiev ovhe rachi^s eV rfj
Trarpcva X^P9r H-^'^^X^^' eKeiTO Se jue'Atrt avuTr]povfjLi'0? 6 veKpds [aurou] cl? utt' Wvtcovlov
'\ovhaioi? i77fj.<f)d7] TOtS" ^aciXiKOL? p-vrjixeioi?
evTa4>rio6p.evos .
ISo (2) 'Avatpetrat Se kol 6 vlos ainov 'AAef aySpas' TreAc/cei utto ^klttlojvos eV 'AvTto;^eta, Ilo/LtTTTjiov TOVT^ 77 LOTeiXauTog Kal yvojXur)s KaTTj-yoplas
Tipo rod ^-qfjiaro? d>v 'PojjjiaLOUs e^Xaifjev. roue
8' d8X(f)ovg avrov YlroXefialos 6 }>\vvaLov Trapa-
i&7 (3) WvriTTarpo? 8e /uerd rviv Y\oii7Trjiov reXevrrjv p.era^d? idepdrtevev Kaloapa, /cciTreiS?) MtOpL^drrj? 6 n.pyaiJ,rjv6? fjLed^ rj? rjyev eV AlyvTrrov bvidfjieoj? eipyopLevo? rcuv Kara to Ylr]XovOLOv ifx^oXdjv iv WoKdXojVL Karelx^ro, rov? re
"Apa^a? ^vo? d)V 7TloV 7TLKOvp-fJGai Kal avro?
86
was six days' march from that mouth of the Nile {B. iv.
361 ff.).
87
JOSEPHUS
avTuj.
" Son of Sohemus {A. xiv. 129), not the son of Mennaeu
mentioned above ( 185), though living in the same regior
Nothing more is known of him and Jamblichus.
88
^ For the Jewish temple built in Egypt by Onias, a refugee from Jerusalem, see B. vii. 421 tf.
A. " fifty."
^9
JOSEPHUS
193 (5) '0 5e t6t fJLV tov dvhpa rols eVatVoi? kol
rat? iXLGLV etV toi)? VTrkp eavrov KwBvi'ovs eVeppojGev, if ol^ ttolglv Trapa^oXajrarog dyojvLGrrjS
yei'Ofievog Kal 77oAAa rpcodelg </>' oXov G)(h6u tov
195 (x. 1) Kar' avro oe Kal ^Avrlyoi-os 6 WpLGTo^ovXov TTpoq rov Kai'crapa Trapojv ytVerat irapaho^ojs ^ AvTrndrpo) ixetLovo? npoKOTT-qg airiog- Seoi'
yap* aTTohvpeGOai rrepl rov Trarpos 7Te(f)ap/jLd)(9a
SoKOVvrog eK row rrpos YlofiTT-qtou hiacjiop
Kal TTepl Td8eX(})ou ', rrjv 1Lklt:lojvo? wiJiorrjTa
pLefjLcfyeGdaL Kal jjLrjbeu els rou eXeov Trapa/jLL^au
(j)6ovep6v Trddos, 6 S' inl rovroig 'TpKavoO Kal
196 ^AvTLTTdrpou Kar-qyopei rrapeXdow, ojs napavojidnara fiev avrov fierd twv dheX(j)on> TTdGr]^
aTTeXavvoLev Tijg Trarpiov yrjs, 77oAAd 8' et? to
edi'os avTol hid Kopov e^v^pit,OLe\' , Kal otl^ ttju
ei? AtyvTrTov GViipLa^io-v ovk eV evvoia ainaj
TTeiJUpeiau, dXXd Kara beos roju rrdXat SLa(j)opd)i/
90
the hero of the day and the hopes which it excited Ai?ii*paie
spurred Antipater to further ventures in his service.
Showing himself on all occasions the most daring of
fighters, and constantly wounded, he bore the marks
of his valour on almost every part of his person.
Later, when Caesar had settled affairs in Egypt and
returned to Syria, he conferred on Antipater the
privilege of Roman citizenship with exemption from
taxes, and by other honours and marks of friendship
made him an enviable man. It was to please him
that Caesar confirmed the appointment of Hyrcanus
to the office of high-priest.
91
JOSEPHUS
93
JOSEPHUS
94
where combining menaces with advice. Their support of Hyrcanus, he told them, would ensure them
a prosperous and tranquil existence, in the enjoyment of their own possessions and of the peace of
" Herod the Great, whose history fills the greater part of
he remainder of this book.
95
JOSEPHUS
208 (6) WiJ.-q)(avov 8' eV evTrpayiais (f)d6vov 8ia(j)vyLV. '\pKav6? yovv rjBrj fiev /cat /ca^' eauroi^
Tyau;^,^ TT-po? TO /cAe'os' toji^ veavioKOJV eSaKuero,
96
, his family
\ ., . 1 , . ^ c u J trial and
Or " Ihienceforth."
VOL. II E 97
JOSEPHUS
211 {JL-qre yvfxvo? efxTreooL to) cjidovo). Se'^ro? 8e Katoap SeLoag rrepl ro) veavia, ixiq tl Trapa Tolg e^'
dpols d77oXrj(j)deLS Trddr], 77e/Li77et 77/30? 'YpKavov
rovs TTapayyeXovvTag biapprjb-qi' OLTToXveLV 'HpojS-qv -717? (f)OVLKrj'i Slktis . 6 Se Kal dXXa>g cvpfx-qp.vos, -qydTTa yap 'Upcohijv, d7T0iprj(j)LL,raL.
212 (8) Kat o? VTroXafj-^Bdvajv dKOvros rod ^aotXews hLa(l)vyLV et? AafxaaKOu dvexd)pr]oev 77 pos
^e^TOv, rrapaoKeva^ofxevos oi35' avdi? vrraKovoai
KaXovvTL. Kal TrdXiv ol 7rovT)pol Trapw^vvov rov
'YpKavov kqt' opyrjv re OL)(^eodaL rov 'Hpcobiqv
Xeyovreg Kal TiapeoKevaofievov /car' avrov' ttlOTevojv 8' o ^aoiXevs ovk elxev 6 n xprj Spdv, as
98
urious at the threat which this trial had held over him, "^I^"^2?
11 1 T 1 retaliation
99
-r '^
JOSEPHUS
^ om. VC.
tion. ** He should not, therefore, be altogether confident of success, when about to make war on his
king and companion, frequently his benefactor, never
his oppressor, save that, under the influence of evil
counsellors, he had menaced him with a mere shadow
Df injury. To this advice Herod yielded, thinking
that he had satisfied his expectations for the future
jy this exhibition of his strength before the eyes of
:he nation.
101
JOSEPHUS
103
0^'
J0SEPHU5
pL fJLv cu? Kal Ma/^t;^o^ dvaiprjoajv, otl fir) 07TVaag iG77pa^ev, eVe'cr^'Ci' Se rr)u rovrov /cat rr/i^
Wpojhri^ edo^e, Tore p.ev avrou Supta? aTrdGrjempeXiQTrjP KadiGTaGiv hvvap.iv Treliju re Ka
irrmKrjv SoVres", perd he rrjv rov rroXepov Kard
XvGLV aTTohei^eLv KacTcrtos' vrreGxero Kal 'louSata22t"^ BaaiXea. Gvve^-q 6' ^ AvTiTrdTpcv Trju re lgxvv toi
TTaLdog Kal TTjv iXiriha alriav aTzcuAeia? yeveGdai
VOL. II e2 105
JOSEPHUS
229 (6) Tpanelg 8' eVt 2a/xa/Dtav CTTaoet rerapaypLevrjv KareGTi'^oaro rrjv ttoXlw 7Tira /ca^' iopr-qv
VTrGrp<f)v els 'lepoGoXvpLa rovs OTrXiras dyow.
/cat TrepLTTOJv 'YpKavoSj evrjyev yap hehoiKOJS rr)V
e(j)ohov MaAt;(os", eKOjXvev rovs dXXo<f>vXovs eiGayayelv e</)' dyveijovras rovg eTnxojpiovs . 6 he
TTjS 7Tpo(f)dGOJS KaracfjpovTjGas /cat tol? TrpoGrdG-
106
107
JOSEPHUS
(8) But Destiny derided his hopes. Herod, divinng his intention, invited him and Hyrcanus to supper,
ind then dispatched one of his attendant menials
:o his house, ostensibly to prepare the banquet, in
'eaiity to instruct the tribunes to come out for the
imbuscade. Remembering the orders of Cassius,
:hey came out, sword in hand, to the sea-shore in
Vont of the city, and there, surrounding Malichus,
itabbed him through and through to death. Hyrcanus
From sheer fright instantly swooned and fell ; when
Drought, not without difficulty, to himself, he asked
Herod by whom Malichus was killed. One of the
rribunes replied " By Cassius's orders." " Then,"
^aid Hyrcanus, " Cassius has saved both me and my
country, by destroying one who conspired against
joth." Whether he expressed his real opinion or
iKKvOels C.
109
JOSEPHUS
1 ^077 LVRC.
110
(2) But nothing could avail the captor against the Herod
might of Herod. Once restored to health, he re- advTrsarie
covered the other forts and ousted him from Masada,
a supphant for mercy. He hkewise expelled from
Galilee Marion, the despot of Tyre, already master of
three of the strongholds. The Tyrians whom he took
prisoners, he spared to a man ; some he even sent
away with presents, to procure for himself the favour
of the citizens and for the tyrant their hatred.
Marion owed his position to Cassius, who had cut
up the whole of Syria into principalities. Hatred of
Herod had led to his taking part in bringing back the
exiled Antigonus," son of Aristobulus ; and in this he
was influenced still more by Fabius, whom Antigonus
had induced by bribery to assist in his restoration.
All the exile's expenses were met by his brother-inlaw,^ Ptolemy.
Ill
JOSFPHUS
112
113
JOSEPHUS
245 (6) YlpocrayavaKrovvrajv Se rojv rrpeG^eojV TrevreKaiheKa /xev avXXa^ojv elpyvvGLV, ov? /cat dveXelv cjpjx-qGeVy rovs he Xolttovs fJ^ed* v^peojs dirrjXauev . rrpos o fjiel^ojv ev rols 'lepocroXvpiOLS yiverai rapax-q- ^i-Xiovs yovv TrdXtv errefjupav Trpea^eLS
els Tvpop, evda hierpt^ev ^Avrcovios eVt 'lepoGoXvpLcov wpfjL-q/jievos. eVt rovrovs KeKpayoras
eKTTefjLTreL rov dp^ovra rwv Tvpicnv KoXdL,eLV
TrpoGrd^as ovs oiv Xd^rj, GvyKaraGKevdl,eiV re^ rrjv
dpxrj^ TOLS vtt" avrov KaraGraOelGiv rerpdpxo.LS.
248
114
115
JOSEPHUS
251 Tcov ^aGiXeiiov TrporjXOov. 'YpKavov he Kal OaGaT]Xov he^apLevcov avTov? Kap-epcv GTL(f)eL pidxr]
/cara ttjv dyopdv GvpprjyvvTaL, Kad^ tjv Tpeipdp.evoL Tovg TroXepLiovs ot Trepl 'Wpcoh-qv KaTaKXeiovGLV el? to lepov Kal ^povpovg avTOjv dvhpa?
l^-qKovTa rais" 7rXr]GL0v otVtats" iyKaTeGTr]Gav.
]I6
H7
JOSEPHUS
253 (3) 'Evo-raar]? S' ioprrj?, rj 7Tvr7]KOGTr] KaXelrat, TCL r Tiepl to lepou rravra Kal r] ttoXls oXr]
TrXi'-jdovg ra)v oltto rrjg y^ujpas av air ipLTrXar at, to
ttXIov OTrXirwv. Kal OacTaTyAo? pLCu to Tet;^o?,
254 CTuy/cAetet.' /<:d^ tovtco SiaXXaKT-qv fiv ^Avtlyovog TTapaKaXel YlaKopov eloa4)eZvai, ^aodi^Xos
he 7Tiodels Tjj T TToAet Kal ^evLO. tow Yidpdoi^
elohex^Tai fjueTO. TrevraKooiajv LTTTrecov, 7Tpo(f)daeL
fiev rjKovTa tov Travaai ttju oTdoiVy to S* dXrjdeg
255 'AvTtyop'OJ ^orjdov. tov yovv Oacrar^Aoi^ ivehpevujv dve-ecGev irpos ^apl,a^pdvrjv TTpea^evoaodai TTepl KaTaXvaeoj? , KatToi t^ ttoXXo. aTTOTpeTTOvTog 'HpcoSou Kal TrapaivovvTos dvatpelv tov
eTTi^ovXov y dXXd jjltj rat? eVt/^ouAat? iavTOv KhihovaL, <l)VGL yap drriOTOv? ^Ivai tov? ^ap^dpov^,
e^etoiv 'YpKavov TiapaXa^ojv . Kal YlaKopog, co?
118
to tJie
119
JOSEPHUS
259 (0) Ov iiTfi' ^aGdr]Xo<i KaiTOL ToXXd napatuovuTOs '0(/)6AAiof <f)vyLi', TreTTVGTO yap ovro^
rrapd Sapa/^dAAa tov TrXovGicvrdrov Tore T.vpoju
Tr/p Gvvra^u' ttj^ iL^ovXrj^ dXrjv, KajaXi-elv 'YpKapoi' v7TefxeLi'v, dXXd toj Garpdnr) TTpoGeXOdjv duTLKpvg cLveidiCev tyju iTn^ovXi)v , Kal /uaAicr^' ort
yevoLTO roLOvro? \piqpLdTujv evKV' TrXeico ye PlTjv
airro? i;77ep Gojrrjpias ScoGeiv wv ^ Avriyovos vrrep
120
< Barzapharnes.
J2I
JOSEPHUS
eK (f>avepov olov t' rjv dvSpog ovroj Svvarov^ rrepiyeveoBai, rrpoXa^ajv 'HpojSrj? fierd row olKeiordrojv rrpoGOJTTOJV vvKrojp IttI 'ISou/xata? ex(x>pei
123
JOSEPHUS
r-qs fi'q'rpc? xrat rov veajrarov rcov a8cA<^cui' irpooTCL^a? oheveix' auro? acr(/>aAai? jxera. tojv depaTTOvrojv dvK07TT rov<; ^ap^dpov<;- Kal ttoXXov?
Kara. Trdaau Trpoa^oXrju aTTOKreivag et? MaaaSap"
TO (hpovpiov rj7TLyero.
QTTO 8' l^rjKOVTa rijg TrdAeoj? crraStait' /cat Trapara^a/LteVous" 7TLLKcig ttoXvv )^p6vov. evda Kparrioa?
'HpcoSr/s /cat 7roAAoi)9 aCrcui^ aTTOKreiva^ avdi'^
LS fivrjix-qv rod KavopdcvpLaro^ ktlo1' to )(ojplov
/cat ^ao-tAetot? TroAuTeAecr-aTotb eKooyLrjoev, Kal
aKpoTroXiv oxvpojrdrrjv dveheipLaro , 'WpojbeLOv re
266 eKdXeaeu a6' iaurov. rrjuLKavrd ye /xt^p' </)cJyofTt /ca^' Tiixepav avrco TrpooeyivovTO ttoXXol, Kal
Kara 'Prjaau yeuofievcu^ rrj? ^ISovfiaia^ ^laxjrjTro?
dSeAt^o? VTTaur-qaa^ avue^ovXevcv tol'? 770AA01)?
ran/ iTTOjxivtov drrochoprLuaadai , firj yap di' rocrovrov 6)(\ov Se^aadat rrjv MacraSaf rioav S' VTrkp
om. PA.
12i
" Above the west coast of the Dead Sea, near its lower
extremity.
* Masada.
125
JOSEPHUS
Tog TTerpa TrpoGprj^at ttjv Kecj^aX-qv, (Lg Kal GLhijpov Kal x^'-pdJi^ e'lpyero. KaKelvog piev, 'Hpojhov
yvqGLOv eavTov aTTohei^ag dheX(f)6u Kal 'YpKavov
dyevveGrarov , dvhpeLorara durjGKeL, TTOiTjGdpLevog
TTjv KaTaGTpo<prju rolg Kara tov ^iov epyoig
272 TTperrovGav. Karexei he Kal dXXog Xoyog, cog dveveyKat jxev e/c T-qg roTe TrXrjyrjg, 7Tep,<j)dlg S' taTpog V7T^ WvTLyovov OepaTTevGai hrjOeu avTou epLTrX-qGeiev to Tpavpua h-qXi-jTrjplcov (f)appidKCxJV Kal
126
onus
tlirone.
* Or " undeclared."
127
JOSEPHUS
But whichever account be true, the initial act redounds to his glorious credit. It is said, moreover,
that before he expired, being informed by a woman ^
of Herod's escape, he exclaimed, " Now I shall depart
happy, since I leave one behind me who will have
vengeance on my foes,"
VOL. II F 129
JOSEPHUS
*" \paih p.eravo-qaas eefj-ipei' hid rd^ovs rovs dvaKaXeoovras rov v^piGfievou . e<f)daiev he Kal rovrovs
'Hpcohrjs els Y\rjXovGLOv d(l>LK6pLevos , evda rrjs
TTapohov fjL-q rvyxdvwv vtto rwv e<f>oppiOVvrojv^ rols\
TjyeiJLOOLi' evrvy\dveL KdKelvot rrjv re (j)-qp.-qu Kai
ro d^LCofjLa rduhpos alheodevres irponeinrovoa
130
(2) Herod, finding the Arabs hostile to him for the makes hi
very reasons which had made him look for their warm ^';y ^'^
friendship, gave the messengers the reply which his
feelings dictated and turned back towards Egypt.
The first evening he encamped in one of the temples
of the country, where he picked up those of his
men who had been left in the rear. The next day
he advanced to Rhinocorura,'^ where he received the
news of his brother's death. His load of anxiety
thus replaced by as heavy a burden of grief,^ he
resumed his march. The Arab king, now tardily
repenting his conduct, dispatched messengers in
haste to recall his insulted suitor ; but Herod outstripped them, having already readied Pelusium.
Here, being refused a passage by the fleet stationed
in that port, he applied to the authorities, who, out
of respect for his fame and rank, escorted him to
Alexandria. On entering the city he had a magnificent reception from Cleopatra, who hoped to
entrust him with the command of an expedition
which she was preparing ; but he eluded the queen's 1
solicitations, and, deterred neither by the perils of
mid-winter nor by the disturbances in Italy, set sail
for Rome.
131
v^:a.
JOSEPHUS
132
133
JOSEPHUS
288 (-) Kdv rovTcp Bevrlhio? 6 'Pajfiaiajv arpaTT)yds 77eiJL<f)delg Ik Hvplas YldpOovg dveipyetv /xct'
CKelvovg etV ^lovhalav Trape^aXev, Xoyoj jxev ojs
13 +
135
JOSEPHUS
289 apyvpiovyievos. ey/Lora yovv 'lepoGoXvfjLcov avXiodfMevog, oj? iveTrXi^ad-q XPVH-^'^^* avro? fikv
dvX<^p^t, fj-erd ttJs" 7:XLGTr]s hvi^dfieojs, 'LlXajva
Se ovu pLepei KariXnrev,^ d)? p-r} KaTd<j><jjpov ro
Xijfifia 7TOL-qaLv Trdvras dTTavacrr-qaas . *Avtlyovo? 8e TrdXiv iXTrit^ajv WdpOovs iTrapiVveiv /cat
Zi'Aojva 7 ecu? idepdrrevev, cog pr]hv ivoxXoirj -npd
TTjS 1X77 iho<;.^
291 7Tp,(f)6Lg 'Hpcobqu ovyKarayayelv eVeiaev. ervyXO.i^ei' Se Bei^Tt'Stos" p^ev iv rat? iroXeaLV ra? hid
YldpBov? Tapaxd? Kadiardpei'o?, HlXojv 8' eV
*IoL'8ata ;\;pr]/xaCTtP' i;??' 'Avrr/oi^ou hL(j)6app4.vos.
ov pirjv 'Wpcohrj^ loxdos rjTTopeL, Trpoiovn 8' avru)
Kad^ rjpLepau -qv^eiTO rd rrj? Svvdpeoj?, Kal ttXtjv
136
reality to extort money from Antigonus. He accordingly encamped in the immediate vicinity of Jerusalem and, after glutting his avarice, retired with
the bulk of his troops ; leaving, however, a detachment under the command of Silo, to prevent the
n . ^ 1-11 Palestine
VOL. II F 2 1 37 ,
JOSEPHUS
'^'ii'o ^ia(f>op(jL>-dTOLS dfjLvrjGTcau. eVet 5e dvTLTrap-qyopovfTes OL nepl tou WvTcyouou ovt KaTaKOveiv
tcl)u KrjpvypidTCjju eioju Tiud? ovre /xera/SaAAeCT^ai,
TO XoLTtOv dpLVveGBai tov<; drro tov Teixovg tte~p7Tev Tot? G(f)TpoL9 OL Sf Ta)(e(jL>? uTTavTa? dno
Toju TTvpyoju eTpdipavTO tol? fjeX^GLv.
297 (6) "Ef^a hrj /cat HlXojv dTreKaXvipaTO ttjv SojpoooKLaw 7TLOKvaGdfivog ydp TToAAou? Tcov GTpa-
138
(6) And now Silos conduct betrayed his corruption. For he induced a large number of his soldiers
In Idumaea, 266.
139
V'
JOSEPHUS
300 et? '\epLXOVvra. ravr' dKOVoag ^Avriyovog 8teTTefxipeu rrepl r-qv xojpav eXpyeLV kol Xo-)(dv rovg
OLrrjycvg KeXevcov. ol 8* VTT-qKOVov, Kal ttoXv
ttXtjOos OTrXLrdjv vnep rrju '\epLXOvvra ovvrjOpoiadrj'
huKadetovro he errl row opwv 7rapa<^vXdooovreg
/ 141
JOSEPHUS
304 (2) Hpo? he rrjv SeTT^coptv eu vLc^ercp G(f)0hpordrcp hiavvoas dKovirl napaXapL^dweL rr^v ttoXlv,
7Tp6 rrJ e<j)6hov tojv (f)vXdKCov eK(i>vy6vr cjv . evda
rovs eTTOjxevovs vtto tou xeipicovos KaKcoBevras
dvaXa^ojv , ttoXXtj S' rjv dcfiOoula rtov err Lrrjheictjv y
irrl Tovs ev rols omqXaloL? (LppL-qro XrjGrds, ol
TToXXrjv rrjg ^^cupa? KaraTpe)(ovTe? ovk iXdrroj KaKa
14^^
the Romans fell upon and rifled the rest of the town,
where they found the houses full of treasures of
every sort. Leaving a garrison in Jericho, the king
returned and dismissed his Roman army to winter Winter (
quarters in the districts which had joined his standard,
Idumaea, Galilee, and Samaria. Antigonus, on his
side, to ingratiate himself with Antony, induced
Silo by a bribe to billet a division of his troops in
Lydda."
the bri"(
143
l;.dLiK
JOSEPHUS
VTTep rov 7TOTap,6v ioKehdodrjcrau, ojore 7r]v FaAtXalav eKK^Kaddpdai (ho^ojv, rrXrju KaBooov ol tol9
(4) At this time Antony was residing in the neigh- and exter
bourhood of Athens, and Silo and Herod were summoned by Ventidius for the war with Parthia, being
instructed first to settle affairs in Judaea. Herod
gladly dismissed Silo to Ventidius, and set out him-
145
minates t
cave-
dwellers.
JOSEPHUS
313 TTapaKaXojv , 6 he rrpos ovhev evhov^ tcDi' XeyopLevojv, dXXd /cat TrpoGOvethiGag rov 'Hpwhr^v elg
TaveivorrjTa, errl toI? TraiGlv avaipel Kal rr^v
yvvalKa, Kal Kara^aXdjv /cara tov Kprjp.vov toi)?
feKpov^ reXevralov eavrov eppupev.
" Or chests.'
146
147
JOSEPHUS
i7TavaoTdGeL<; kol GoAc/xaloi^^ eV avrijg irrl Sa/xapeias V7TOTpe(f)i', OTrXtra^ p.kv rpiox'-^'-ov? ('7777619
317 (6) "HSr^ 8e Yldpdow p-eu e^eXiqXapevojv , dvrjp-qpeuov he UaKopov, Bevrihio? eTTtcrreiXavro'i ^Av
Tojuiov rrefXTTet ovp-iJLdxovs Hpcohrj /car' 'Avrt
youou ^i-Xlovs (777761? Kal hvo rdyfjiara. rovrcov 8<
701^ OTpa-Tjyov ^laxoupdv ^ \vr'i.yovo<; LKerevoev 81
(TTLOToXwu eavro) ^orjBov d(l)LKeo6aL, rroXXd t
77pc' TYJ^ 'Hpcohov ^La<^ [Kal eTTrjpeias Trjg /Saat
XeiasY dnohvpopevos Kal xp-qjiara hojoeiv vttigx
148
(5) Herod having thus mastered the caves and Fi'esh ^is
\ y o ,n Galilei
U9
JOSEPHUS
ner
Joseph.
151
JOSEPHUS
324 Tov OLTOV dpTrdoojv iv aKfifj rod Bepovg. eVt6p.ei'ojv Se v roZg opeaiv Kal ralg hvox^jpiaLS
Tcov evavTLOjv avrog re 6vqoKL, fidXa yeuwaiog eV Tjj
p.dxij (f)avLg, Kal to 'PajfiaiKov irav 8ta</)^etpcTaf
veoovXXeKTOL yap -qaav Ik rrjg Y^vpias at OTielpaL,
Kal ovBev avralg iveKKparo tcov irdXai arparLcorcjv KaXovfievajv, irrafivvciv TOt? aTT^ipois
TToXefXOV SvvdfJLWOV.
325 (;2) WvTLyopoj 5e ovk dTTexprjcreu tj ulkt], TrporjXdev be et? touovtov opyrjg, (Lore Kal veKpov atVtoaoOai Tov ^Icvgtjttov KpaTi^oag yovv tljv oojpidTOjv
aTTOTepLvei rrjv K(l)aXrjv avrov, Kairoi TrevrrjKovra
rdXavra Xvrpov avr-qg ^epcopa rdSeX(f)ov SthovTog.
327 KaAetrat. tovtojv Se oudev ovttoj^ ttIttvgto *\\pci}Si]g' jieTa yap ttjv Ha/xoadTcov dXtooiv ^ AvrojvLog
fjLev KaTaoT-quag enl Trjg Hvpiag Hoaaiov Kal
TTpoard^ag 'Wpojhr] ^orjOeti' eV* 'Avrtyoyov aj^ros"
etV AiyvTrToi' dvex^jprjoev, Soaatos" 8e hvo fiev
* Of Gennesaret.
152
153
JOSEPHUS
330 -peTTCTaL, Kal Trpoae^aXXev fxeu ouvexdj? toj (f)povOicp, TTplv 8e eXelv ;!^et/xa>i^t ^taa^et? p^aAeTTcurdTOJ
rat? ttXtjolov ivGTpaTOTTeSeveTaL KcopiaLS . irrel 8'
avTO) ixeT^ oAtya? rjpLepa? Kal to Sevrepov Trapd
WvTOjVLOV^ TdyfjLa cruvepLL^ev, Setcrayre? T-qv lox^v
ol 77oXep,LOL Sid vvKTOS i^eXiTTov TO epvjxa.
154
" The Greek might mean " without a day's delay " ; but
the rendering above seems fixed by the parallel hi A. xiv. 452
{uvKTos duaards); TrepifxtueLu \n Josephus usually means "to
wait for.'' But the narrative is here abbreviated ; in A.
the night march starts not from Lebanon, but from Ptolemais.
" 327.
155
V.^c'
Jericho.
JOSEPHUS
332 U^'a)? avveTTeGev. rovro Kal KLvbvvwv Kal ocdtt]pias KOLVou eVi ro) fieXXovri TToXefiw Kpivas elvai
arjfjLeiov vrro ttjv eoj Ste/ciVet tt^v- UTpanav. Kal
70JV ivavrlow ls l^aKLOXiXiovs arro rwv opwv
KaraTpexoi'Tes aTTen^LpujvTO rtuv tt pOT 7 ay p.ivojv,
Kara X^'-P'^ P-^^' ov}JL7TXKG6ai tols 'Poj/^atot? ov
o<f)6bpa dappovvT<s, Troppcudev 8e ;(e/3/xaaty Kal
TraArot?' e^aXXov, cuare gvxvov? Ka'Ta-irpcooKeLV.
iv w Kal avTOS 'HpojSrjs TrapeXavvwv ttolAtoj^ Kara
rrjv TrXevpav aKovrit^eraL.
334 Hafjidpeiav 77ept77e/Lt77et.' Toirrqj* fiev ovv rjv MaXdipd^ ayajvLop.a, 'HpwSrj? 8e rryi/ TToXepiav KarahpapLOjv TTeure pikv TToXix^'as KaraoTpec^erai, SloX^Xiov; 8e rwv iv avral? hia<f)deipLy Kal ras
OLKLa? ifirrpijuac vTreorpeipev IttI to orparoTreSov
TjvXioro he TTepl rrjv KaXovpievqv Kava KWfjL-qv.
156
157
JOSEPHUS
159 A
\ 1^
JOSEPHUS
343 yap ovros rjv 6 tov ^Icvar^TTOV aveXojv . XcjL)<f)T^aavTOS 8e rov ;^et/xajj/o? -qXavveu inl 'lepoaoXvpLUJU
Kal P'^xpi' TOV TLXOvs dyaydfV rr^v 8uVaatP', ovvTjyero 8' avrw rpirov ero? i^ ov ^aaiXev'S eV 'PcvfMrj
VOL II Q l6l
JOSEPHUS
346 7TopLai> avTO? Slol ^oh'ckt)? inoL-qoaTO. ovvadpoLodelor]? 8e rrj? oX-qg Swdfieoj? eh evSeKa fieu
TeXrj TTetoJv, LTrTrels Se l^aKLG-^LXlovs S'^^ "^^^ ^^^
TiVpias ovfipLdxajv, ol fdepos ovk oMyou rjoau,
KaTaajpaTO-nebevovrai rod f^opeiov ri)(Ovs TrX-qoiov,
avro? fxeu rreTTOLdoj? rol? rrj<^ ovyKXijrov Soyfiaoii',
St' Su ^aoiXevg drreSeSeLKro, Hoooio? 8e ^Aurcovioj
ro) vefupavri rrjv utt' avrco orparidv 'HpcoSj]
o-vp.pLa\ov.
349 (2) To) he ^aoiXel irpd? p.ev rds Xxjortias dvreTiei'o-qdijoav XoxoL 8t' d>u dveareXAew rds hieKhpop-d?,
77/30? he rr]v rwv eTtLrrjh^iojv drroplap at TroppojOei
ovyKOjjLihaL, rcjv he ixa\op.evojv Trepirju rfj 'PajfjLaLwi
C/. 327.
62
163
JOSEPHUS
351 eyvojK6rS aj-teX^i nqXiKavr-qs SvudfjLeo)? nepLKadl,op..vri'^ -UT fxriGLV SirjueyKau rqu noALopKLau,
eojg ToJu Wpcodou nveg eTnAeKTOJV 7n^'fjvaL rou
Teixov? Oaparjaaure? eLOTTLTrrovoLV els ttju ttoXlu,
(f>' oh iKaTovrdpxo-i ^oooiov. npojTa Sc rd nepl
TO Upou rjMoKero, Kal rrjs Sum/uecu? eneLOXvdeiorjg ai'raxov (pouo? tju fxvpLos, tojv fiev
' PajpLatoju rfi Tpt^fj rrjs noXiopKLag 3ict>pytCT/xI'ojv, TOV Se ~epl 'HpwSr^u ^lovbalKOV purjSey vtto-
165
JOSEPHUS
rrj<; TjoXLopKias rd? dpTrayds SiKalw? rots orpaTtojTQt^ eTTLTperreLV ^a/ueVof, avros e<f)ri hiavefielv
eK TOW Ihiow )(pyip.drojv tov<; fxiodous eKaorois.
ovroj<; re ttju Xotn-qv e'^cxjurjadij.ei'og TrarpiSa rag
VTrooxeaeiS eTtXi)pa>Gev XajiTrpoji fxev yap eKaarov
OTpariojT-qv, duaXoyajg be rous riyepbovag, /SaatAtKcljrara Se avrou eSojprjoaro ^ogolou, cu? /nrySeVa
l6fi
Jfi?
JOSEPHUS
3b2 xds ur6<; 'KXevdepou TTorapov Trdoa?. (Lu yeuopevT) Kvpia Kal TrpoTrep^ipaoa pexpis E,V(f)pdrov rov
' Avrwvioi^ eniorparevoira Ilap^ot? r)XBev els
'\ovbaiav 8i' ^ ArrapLeias Kal !\a^aaKOV . Kdvravda
fjiXcij h^A fclxc. Lat. : 0i\o<i fhai the rest. Text and
nieaninu uncertain. 1 follow the Latin ' quod autem his
iiiOtte ptopius est, inter amicos non habuit." Perhaps
^leadlng ^./Aoj iltra^) " but of any closer fnendslup he showed
no sign.
08
VOL. II G 2 169
JOSEPHUS
364 (xix. l) 1 oO 6' 'AxTtaKoO TToXepiov ovveppu)yoTos 7TapOKvaoTo p.kv 'Wp(j)6i']<; * Avtojuloj ovve^opp.dv, rjhrj ruiv re dAAcjw rcbv Kara "^lovhaiau
dTn]\\aypLvo<; dopvf^cov Kal KKparr)Kd><s 'Vp/caWa?, o Sr] x^P'-^^ V '-^^TLyovov Karelx^u dBeXcf)T).
366 (2) "Eppeipeu p.evroL KaO' 'HpojSrji' ro pouXevp-a- Trpcorou p.ev ydp pvoia ^Kard\^ rcbv iroXep.iojv dywv Kal ttoXv ovyKporr^oa^ lttttlkoi' cVa^LTjOLi- avroLS rrepl AloottoXli^, eKpar-qoev re Kairoi
' oni. F.
171
JOSEPHUS
rfjs SvvdjjLeojg 'HpojSrjg eTreXddw iTreipdro TTpop-rjOeorepov dt^riyelodat rod TToXeaov xrat arparovehov eKcXeve Tetp^t^etv. ov p.'qv VTT-qKovoev to
TrXrjdos, dXXd rf] Trporepa vlkj) redapp-qKores
wpjiTjoav 7TL rov "Apa^a?. Kal Trpos p^V rrju
TTpojT-qv ipL^oXrjv TparrevTas ihiojKov, iTTi^ovXeverai he 'Wpojhrjs ev rfj 8loj^i, rov? eV tcju Kai^aOujp i7TL)(OjpLOV? dvevros W9-qvLOJVOs, o? rjv avTot
S70 oaodai ttju piiav avTotg VLK-qv TToXXdKis. dpLVVopLevw he Tovs exOpovg eViTTtTTTet avpL(f)opd haijxovLOS dXXrjy /car' eVo? pev rrjg ^aoiXeias e^hofiov,
172
173 J
0^
JOSEPHUS
372 -rJKOvre'g 77po? avrovs. Trpos he r-qv ifji^oXrjv KarairXayev to ttXtjOos^ kcA fieyeOei GVfJL(f)opa)i' inaXXrjXajv eKXvrov avvayayajv 'Wpojh-qs CTreLpdro
TTapopiidu 677t rrji' dfivvav Xeyow rotdSe'
^ ^PX- y-P C : Kara yap a.pxoiJ-(vov the rest : kol -yap apxDestinon.
(4) " This alarm which has now laid hold of you Herods
seems to me most unreasonable. To be disheartened l^%l~^
by the visitations of heaven was natural ; but to be cIhccdso
similarly despondent at the attack of a human foe ^^'^^^is unmanly, f'or my part, far from being intimidated
by the enemy's invasion following the earthquake,
1 regard that catastrophe as a snare which God has
laid to decoy the Arabs and deliver them up to our
vengeance. It is not because they have confidence
in their weapons or their might that they are here,
but because they count on our accidental calamities ;
but hopes are fallacious which are dependent not
on one's own strength, but on the misadventures of
another. Moreover, with mankind fortune is never
permanently either adverse or favourable ; one sees
her veering from one mood to the other. Of this you
1 75
JOSEPHUS
Kal TOVTO ildOoLT^ oiv ^ OLK^LOJV VTrohciyfiOLTOjurfj yovv vporipa IJ-O-XD Kparovvroju iKpoLTt-joau
rjpLCJU ol TToXe/JLLOL, Kal Kara to eiVos- i^vv aXix)GOVTai KpaTTjoeLv SoKovi^res. ro fikv yap ayav ttc 7Toi66<; d(f)vXaKTOu y ol <f)6^oL Se SlSogkovoiu rrpo'
firjdeiav c5are e/xoiye kolk tov SeSotKoro? Vficov^
' ' During the period of waiting " seems to be the meaning if the text is right.
177
JOSEPHUS
381 TOVTOVS fJ.V OVV d7TKpOVGaVTO TaX^OJ? OL 7TfJi<f)6eVTS VTTO TOV ^aGlXioJS Kal TOV X6(f)OV KaTGXOV,
grave portent of impending disaster in a recent incident, due neither to natural causes nor to the
action of others. Contrary to the universal law of
mankind they have brutally murdered our ambassadors ; such are the garlanded victims which
they have offered to God to obtain success ! But
they will not escape his mighty eye, his invincible
right hand ; and to us they will soon answer for
their crimes if, with some vestige of the spirit of our
fathers, we now arise to avenge this violation of
treaties. Let us each go into action not to defend
wife or children or country at stake, but to avenge
our envoys. They will conduct the campaign better
than we who are alive. I myself will bear the brunt
of the battle, if I have you obedient at my back ;
for, be assured, your courage is irresistible, if you do
not by some reckless action bring injury upon yourselves."
179
JOSEPHUS
382 avr(2>v to ;^apa/<:ajju.a . Kav rovro) crvvavayKaodevre? i^laoLV Ittl rrjv f-Ldx'r]v draKTOL /cat ire(f>VpfJLVOi Tols iTTTTeVOLV OL TTetoL. TrXrjdei fJLev ovv
rwu ^lovSaiow Trepi-fjaaw, iXeiTTOvro 8e rat? rrpo-
385 ' Hpcu8T7S" TrdXiv eh eTTraKLOXf-Xiovs /cretVet. rr^AtKavTTj TrX-qyfj rrjv ^ Apa^iav d^ivvdp.vos^ Kal
o^eoas Tcbv dvhpujv ra ^povyy/zara TrpovKoipei'
u)(jT Kal TTpooTdr-qs vtto tov eSvovs alpeO-qvac.
(xx. 1) But, this peril surmounted, Herod was instantly plunged into anxiety about the security of
his position. He was Antony's friend, and Antony
had been defeated by Caesar ^ at Actium. (In reality,
181
JOSEPHUS
3HS"dyco, KatCTap, vtto ^ P^vtcovLov ^aotXev?^ yevofxeuog iv irdatv ofjioXoyco yeyovivai XRV^'-H-^'^
^ AvTOJvicp. Kal ovok tout av VTTOOTeiXaifxr^u
L7Tlw, on TidvTOJS dv /Ltc /Lterd T(2)v ottXojv inetpaoa^ dxojpf-OTOv,^ et pLTj hieKcoXvoav "Apa^e?.
Kal aviip.a\Lav fieuroL ye avTco Kara to SuvaToiKal GLTOV TToAAds" enefjupa pLvpidhas, dAA' ovhe
/Lterd 7171^ ev Wktlo) TrXrjyrjv KaTeXiTTOi' tov ev-
, , I . . I . 1 I Actiuni
183
JOSEPHUS
392 yap ok KeKpbi]Kap.u e'/c rrjg dvoia? avrov. Karapx^L? S\ 6US" OLKv, evTTOuas 6t' ihv p,OL ypd(f>ei
KvLVTOS At'Sios"^ ovp.pLa\iav ere 77e77o/i.^eVa( irpos
rovs pi.ovop.d)(ovs avrw. vvv /xev ovv hoypLan to
/Se'jSatov ooL ri]? ^aoiXeias e^ayydXXoj, rreipd-
394 ot's" SieKpovooTO ttjv herjOLV. /Ltera he tovto ttopevopLevov eV AlyvTTTOV hid ^vpla? Kaloapa ttovtI
TO) ^oolXikoj ttXovtco he^dp-evog 'Hpcohrj^ t6t
TTpojTov Kal ovviTTTTaoaTO TTOLOVpievoj TTepl TItoXep,atha tyj^ hvvdpLecos e^eTaoiv eloTiaoev re ovv
dnaoLV tol </tAot?' p.e6^ ov? Kal ttj Xolttj] OTpa-
intercepted.
184
ing,
un
Octavius
for the first time with all the resources of his realm ; in his
he accompanied the emperor on horseback when he campaign
reviewed his troops at Ptolemais ; he entertained ^^ ^^
him and all his friends at a banquet ; and he followed
this up by making ample provision for the good
cheer of the rest of the army. Then, for the march
185
JOSEPHUS
Se Kal Sta rrj<; avvhpov Tropeuo/xeVoi? l^^XP'- Hry)^ovoiov Tzapaax^'^i^ vSwp dcf)dovou irravLOvai re
6iioLOJ<;, ovhk cm\> 6 tl tcou iTrniqheiajv iveSerjoeu
' '* The games at Actium were celebrated for the first
186
187
JOSEPHUS
401 (xxi. 1) WevreKaLheKara) yovv erei rrjs ^aoLXelas avroi' re rov vaov eireoKevaoev Kal rrepi
avTOV di'ereixloaro )(^cx>pav rrj? ova-qs hiTiXaoiova
dfierpoLS p-ev \p-qodiievos TOt? dvaXcofiaGiw dvVTrepPXi^TO) he rfj TToXvTeXeia. reKp-qptoi^ he -qoai
at jieydXai aroal rrepl to lepov Kal to ^opeiou en
auToJ (f>povpLov asT pLev yap duojKohopLrjoei' ih
i:
colonnades Herod reconstructed from the foundations ; the fortress he restored at a lavish cost in a The fortre
style no way inferior to that of a palace, and called ""^ ^"^''''
it Antonia in honour of Antony. His own palace. The royal
which he erected in the upper city, comprised two p^^^^^^most spacious and beautiful buildings, with which
latter appears to be the correct date of the beginning of the
work (Schurer), which was not completed till c. a.d. 28
[Gospel of S. John ii. 20).
189
JOSEPHUS
Xt-Xiovs tV avTTju OLKiJTopag, yi]v Se tovtols npoaveLfjLag XLTrapojrdTrjv, /cat iv fieaco rco KrlcrfJiaTL
vaov T iviSpvadfieuos fieyiorov /cat Trepl avrov
re/xevOb drroSet^as' toj Kaloapc rpLcov rjpLLGrahiojv
TO aaTf Ze^aorryi^ cVaAeaev i^atperov 8e Tot? cv^
axno) 7Tapeoxv evvojiiav .
191
JOSEPHUS
Xeicov dXXa KaraoKevdaas d/xetVco nal ;^pr]ai/xctjTpa Trpo? rds iTnhrjiJiia<; aTTO tcZu avTOJU wuofiaaeu <f>iXojv. KadoXov hk ovk otlv l7t^Iv ovTiva
TTJ9 PaaiXeiag iTnrijSeLOv tottov tyjs Trpo? Katcrapa
ri/jLrjg yvyLvov laov. inel Be ttjv IStav ^topav
7TX-qpa)Gv vacbi^, etV rrjv e7Tap)(Lav avrov rag
rifjids V7Tep^Xv Kal iroXXalg TToXeoLU eVtSpuoaTO KaLodpeta.
JOSEPHUS
T hieiXrjTTTaL ixeyioTOLS , (x)V 6 7Tpov)(^U)v kol rrepiKaXXecrraro? do tov Kaloapos Trpoyovov ApouOLOv KeKXrjTaL.
father of Germanicus.
194
(7) Numerous inlets ^ in the wall provided landingplaces for mariners putting in to harbour, while the
whole circular terrace fronting these channels served
as a broad promenade for disembarking passengers.
The entrance to the port faced northwards, because
in these latitudes the north wind is the most favourable of all. At the harbour-mouth stood colossal
statues, three on either side, resting on columns ;
the columns on the left of vessels entering port were
supported by a massive tower, those on the right by
tw^o upright blocks of stone clamped together, whose
height exceeded that of the tower on the opposite
side. Abutting on the harbour were houses, also
of white stone, and upon it converged the streets
of the town, laid at equal distances apart. On an
eminence facing the harbour-mouth stood Caesar's
temple,'* remarkable for its beauty and grand proremarks, referring- to Suet. Aug. 52 " templa ... in nulla
provincia nisi communi suo Romaeque nomine recepit."
This is indicated in Josephus by the mention of the two
statues.
195
JOSEPHUS
416 ^avov. dvaKTLoas Be Kal Wvdrjdoua ttji' rrapaXlov KaTappL(f)delaav ev TroXepLw ' AypLTnreiov rrpooTjyopeuoe tov 5' airrov (J)lXov Bl' vrrep^oXrjv
evvoias Kal e-nl rrji; rruAry? exdpa^ev to 6wop.a, t]v
avTOs ev TO) I'aoj KaTeuKevaoeu.
i9tJ
portions ; it contained a colossal statue of the emperor, not inferior to the Olympian Zeus, which
served for its model, and another of Rome, rivalling
(8) The rest of the buildings amphitheatre, Quintheatre, public places were constructed in a style gamerat
worthy of the name which the city bore. He further Caesaiea
instituted quinquennial games, hkewise named after
Caesar, and inaugurated them himself, in the hundred io-9 b.c.
and ninety-second Olympiad, offering prizes of the [f/the*^^'^
highest value ; at these games not the victors only, Olympian
but also those who obtained second and third places,
participated in the royal bounty.
(9) No man ever showed greater filial affection, of AntiAs a memorial to his father he founded a city in the gypjos a
fairest plain in his realm, rich in rivers and trees, Piiasaeii!
and named it Antipatris.'' Above Jericho he built
197
JOSEPHUS
420 ofjiOLOJS, ^riGKr]Gv he (fnXonp.orepoi'. orpoyyvXois p^ev yap rrjv aKpav Trvpyois Trepieu-x^ev, eVArypaxjev 8e rov Trepi^oXov ^aaiXeLOLs TToXvreXeardroL?, oj? prj pLOVOV rrjv evSov raJv OLKrjpLarwv oiptv
ehac XafiTTpdv, dXXd Kal rols efcu^ei^ roixois Kal
dpiyKols Kal ureyaLS TrepiKexvadai rov rrXovrov
haijjiXrj. TToppojdev 8e pieyioTois dvaXo'j}JiauLV vBdrcov ttXtjOos eiG-qyayev Kal ^aSpiols hiaKooiois
XevKordrrjs papfidpov rrjv dvoSov hieXa^ev t^v yap
br] ro yi^Xo(j}OV emeiKios vipr]X6v Kal rrdv ;)(eipo-
^ om. Bekker.
interior of the apartments, but outer walls, battlements, and roofs, all had wealth lavished upon them
in profusion. He had, at immense expense, an
abundant supply of water brought into it from a
distance, and provided an easy ascent by two hundred
steps of the purest white marble ; the mound, though
entirely artificial, being of a considerable height.
Around the base he erected other palaces for the
accommodation of his furniture and his friends.
Thus, in the amplitude of its resources this stronghold
resembled a town, in its restricted area a simple
palace.
199
JOSEPHUS
426 (12) Tavra jiev dv tls elnOi Ihia tojv ev TradovTOJV^ hrji^ajv eKdGrov, to he 'HAet'oi? xapLodev
VOL. II H 2 201
JOSFPHUS
fievovs OLTTopLa ;)^p>y/xaroji' opcoi' Kal ro p.6vov Aetipavov rrjs dp)(aLag 'EAAado? VTToppeov, ov fjLOvov
dycovoderrj? t)? eTrervx^v TrevTaeTrjpiho^ els 'PcofjLTjv TrapaTrXeajv iyevero, dXXd kol rrpos ro St7]VKes TTopovs xPVf^^'^^ OLTTeSeL^ei' , COS firj^eTTore
428 dyojvoBeTOvaav avTov rrjv pLvripiiyj eVtAtTrea'. dvijvVTOv ai/ etrj )(pea}W StaAJcret? ^ (f)6pcoi^ CTre^teVat,
KadoLTTep OaCTvyAtVats" kol BaAaveturais" kol tols
TTepl TTjv IxiXiKiav ttoXlx^lols rds ir-qcrlovs ctcr(f>opa.s i7r^Kov<i>LGv. rrXeioTov ye p.T)v avrov
rrjs pLeyaXovoias edpavaeu 6 (j>6^os, d>s pLrj S6^Li^
TrL<f)dovos '/}' n dripdadaL pLeiLov, evepyeroJv rds
ttoXels irXeov rcav ixdvrcov.
" Either his second visit to Rome {\2 b.c.) or his third
(c. 8 B.C.) (Schiirer).
by himself would be endless ; it was thus, for instance, that he lightened the burden of their annual
taxes for the inhabitants of Phaselis,^ Balanea ^ and
various minor towns in Cilicia. Often, however, his
noble generosity was thwarted by the fear of exciting
either jealousy or the suspicion of entertaining some
higher ambition, in conferring upon states greater
benefits than they received from their own masters.
203
JOSEPHUS
432 crra io7To\jhauv . eTreihr] yap etV rrjv apx"^^ TrapTjXdev, OLTTOTTeiJiiljdfxcvo? rjv lSlcott]? '^kto yaficTijv,
yevos Tjv i^ 'lepoooXvpLOJU Acupt? ovofxa, ya/xet
MapidiJLfjirjv rrju WXe^dvSpov rou 'AptCTTO^ouAou
dvyarepa, 8t* r^u avrw oraGLaoOrjvai avve^rj rou
oIkov, kol rd^iov piev, fidXiGTa 8e pLerd rrjv in
TjKev. TTapcv^vvev Se 'HpcoSrjp ovk avrds avri7Toiovpivo^ ^aGiXela^, dXX' inel to jSaaiAeuetv
irre^aXXeu avrco.
205
JOSEPHUS
438 (3) Aid ravO^ 'Hpcoh-qv p^ev <l>veihLt,ev r) MapLdp,fLr], Kal rrjV dheX(f)rjV avrov Kal rrjv pnqrepa
heivals i^v^pL^ev AotSopiats*. ciAA' o /xev rre^ifiajro roXg IpiepoLg, heivrj he rd? yuvatxra? dyavdKrrjGL? elurjei, Kal rrpog o pidXiara KLViqaeiv rdv
'Wpujhrjv ep,eXXov, tV /xot;^etap hie^aXXov avrrjVy
206
207
JOSEPHUS
TTeinpeiev eh .ViyvTrrov Wvrajvtcp Kal St* vrrep^oXr)u dcreAyetas" dnovGau hei^eiev eavrrjv avOpojirco
209
JOSEPHUS
444 -apaxprfixa Krelveiv TTpoaera^ev d/M(f)OTpov?. iierdI'OLa 8' evOeojs elrrero roj Trddei, kol rod dvfiov
TTeorovTog 6 epojs TrdXiv are^cuTrupetro. rooaimi
8' Tjv (jiXeypiovT] rrj? eTTi^u/.iias', co? fi^jSe reOi'dvai
SoKelv avrt]P, vtto he KaKcooecos cos t(x>Gr) rrpooXaXelv, l^^XP^ '^^ XP^^V Sihaxdels to TrdSos^
dvdXoyov rrjv Xvttt^v 0-)(V rfj rrpos rrepLovoav^
hiadeaei.
C'Js TToXepiLOV v<f)a)pajv rov rrarepa, Kal to 7rp6Tepov i<v 7tI 'PojfJLrjs Traihev6jJiVOLy TrXeov 8'
COS els 'louSatav VTreorpeipav cruvqvbpovTo 8*
445 Vt Kalaapos avrov KaT-qyop-queLev . dvanXriodels he Tojv hia^oXajv ' 11 pcohrjs woTrep eVtretXicrpLOL TOLS VIOLS KaTayei tov eV ttjs Acupt8os
The narrative of Mariamme's death in A. xv. is differently told. There are there two episodes, curiously similar.
210
ariamm
Alexandei
Aristobuli
c.
211
JOSEPHUS
450 iidWov, 6 S' "AvrtVarpo? rjhrj kol St' avrov iorrovBdl,TO, SeLUoraro? fJLi> (x}V eV rat? 7rp6? rov irarepa
KoXaKeiais, hia^oXds 8e Kara rcoi' dSeX(f)<jiJu ttolKiXag ivoKua^6fj.vos Kal to, /xev' avrog XoyorroLcJjv, rd Se tovs 7TLrrjSL0V? (f)-qfJLL^LV KaOieis,
/J-^XP^ TTCLVTaTTaGLV TOV? aScA^o?)? d-nepp-q^^v ttjs
212
declared
to tl
213
JOSEPHUS
457 (5) 'Qs" S* els 'lepoGoXvpa 'llpajhijg d(l)LKveLrat, avvayayojv rov Xaov /cat rovs rpeZs vlovs
TTapaorrjodpevos aTreXoyetro rrepl rrjg dTTohrjpLLas^
2U
(4) After this the king left Rome o.:*^ his homeward Herod
journey, apparently dismissing his chargcb^" against cal^^^
his sons, though not abandoning his suspicions. iVr^r
Herod put in at Elaeusa and received friendly entertainment at the table of Archelaus, who congratulated
bim on his son-in-law's acquittal and w^as delighted at
the reconciliation ; for he had previously written to
lis friends in Rome to assist Alexander on his trial.
He accompanied his guests as far as Zephyrion and
Tiade them presents amounting in value to thirty
ralents.
^15
JOSEPHUS
458 G)(6irL TTju ofjLOi'Oiap, " t]u avros ,' ^-7, " (Jvv-
TO y P'^v p.yedos r-qs P^"--. apKei Kat vAeLO^^ic Se Katcrap y-^'r)va>Gv , Kadlor-noLv Be
^nrrio vaels r^^aare /iv^re adt/cou? ^7?t avcoTTaii fj> r V 5 5^ ' f ' ? \ ^ <
gratify him less than you grieve the one whom you
slight. I myself shall select the advisers and attendants ^ who are to consort with each of my sons,
and shall hold them responsible for keeping the peace,
being well aware that factions and rivalries among
princes are produced by the malign influence of
associates, while virtuous companions promote natural
affection.
217
JOSEPHUS
219
JOSEPHUS
vxoiJLvov? rot? lpr]fjLV0Lg, OGOL 8' eTTedvfiovv fiera^oXij?, fJLTjb' OLKrjKoevai TrpooTTOLOv^evovg .
TidTpuj, Kal i-LeTa TrpoodrjK-qs fieTe^aLvev dno *AvtlTrdTpov TTpos 'Wpojh-qv ovre yap aTrAd;? <f>dey^dfievos 6 veavias dvvTrevdvvo? tjv, dAAd els
hia^oXrjV TO p-qdev e(TTpe(f)eTOy Kal [leTplaJS napprjGLaoafjLevov /JLeyioTa rot? eXaxioTois vpoo-
470 eTrXaTTeTO. Kadiei S' * AvTiTraTpos del tovs epediaovTas, OTTOJs avTco to ipevhos e^ot Tas d(jiopiJ.ds
dXrjdeLS' Kal tojv <l>r]pLLtop.evojv ev tl hieXey^Bev
aTraoLV ttlotlv eTreTidei. Kal tcov fxev avrov
<l)iXcjjv ri (f)VGeL oreyai/turaro? rjv eKaoTos, ^ KareGKevd^eTO hajpeais, cu? fir^hev eK(j)epeodaL tojv drropprjTa>v, Kal tov ^AvTnrdTpov ^iov ovk dv rj/Laprev
Tts" eLTTOjv KaKias fxvanjpLov tovs he ^AXe^dvSpo)
uvvovTas XPVP-^^^^ hia(t)deLpajv r) KoXaKetaLS vttlojv.
220
221
JOSEPHUS
473 (2) TouTot? 'Hpci)Sr]s i^ayptovpievos ooov V(j)T]pL Kad^ rjpLepav rrjs vpo? rd pLeipdKta OTopyrjg,
TooovTov ^ XvTLTrdTpoj TTpoGeTidei. avvaireKXivav
Se Kal Tcjv Kara to ^aalXeiov ol pueu eKovTes, ol
8' e^ in-LTdypiaTos, (ZaTrep rTroAe/xatos" o ri/xtc
raros tojv (jyiXajv, ol re dheXchol tov ^aatAeoj? Kal
Trdcra rj yeved' rrdvTa yap WvTLTraTpog rjv, Kal to
TTLKpoTaTov ^ XXe^dvhpcp, TrdvTa rjv rj 'Ai^rtirdrpov pii]T7]p, ovpi^ovXos /car' avTchv pLrjTpvLa? )(aXtTTOJTepa Kal irXelov tl rrpoyovatv pnoovoa tovs e/c
474 /SaatAtSos". irdvTes i^tev ovv iirl rat? eAyftcrtv idcpdirevov ^ AuTirraTpov yjSr], crui'a</>t(Tra 8* Ka(jTov ra
* Doris.
225i
223
JOSEPHUy
VOL. II I 225
JOSEPHUS
479 aSeA^os" avrov ^ AXe^avhpos yrjfiai /SaatAtSa. rovro KXaiovoa rfj HaXajfifj SLrjyyeiXev "q dvydr-qp,
TTpooeridei 8' otl /cat 7601^ aAAcov' d8eA(/>ajv to.? /xei'
fiTjrepas OLTTeLXolev ol rrepl WXe^avhpov, eireihav
TTapaXd^ojOLV ttju /SacnAetW, larovpyov? a/xa rat?
hovXaLS 7T0Li]GLU, avTOV? he KOjfjLoju ypafjifxareL?,
eTTLOKcoTTTOvreg (Ls 77e7rat8eu/xeVou?^ eVt/LteAcD?
TTpog d TTju 6pyr)u ov Karaaxovaa HaXaj/jLTj Trdvra
hiTiyyeiXev 'Hpco6-n- o^ohpa 8' -qv d^LOTTLGTo? Kara
480 yafx^pov Xeyouaa. /cat ng irepa hta^oXrj awebpafieu rj rou dvjJLOv VTreKKavoaoa rod ^aaLXeco?
TjKOvaev yap axrrovs dvaKoXeXodai /xev avv.yGi't>
rrjv pL-qrepa /cat KaroLpnol^eLV eVapoj/xeVoi;? aural.
TToAAa/cts" 8' avrov hiahthovros rwv WapLdfi/jLY]? iod-qrcov nvd rals fierayevearepais yvvai^lv dTTeiXelv
cos durl rcjv ^aatAt/caJt' eV rd)(L TrepLBiqoovGa
avrals /c rpv^dyv"^ 77 eTTOL-qpiev as .
481 (4>) Ata raura Kairoi rd <f)p6vqp.a rcov veaviOKOJV VTToheioas , dp,a>s ovk aTTCKOTrre rrju iXTTiSc
rrjs SiopdcuGa>s, dXXd TrpoGKaXeodpieuos avrovs
/cat ydp els 'PcopL'qv eKTrXevoeiv epLeXXeu, ^pa\ec
fxev rjTTeiX-qGev co? ^aoiXevSy rd TroAAa 8* evovderrjoev (Ls Trarijp, /cat <t>LXelv rovs dheX(j)ovs Trap/caAet SlSovs rd)v 7Tporip,apr-qpLeva>v dcfyeotu, e
of TpVX^<JI-Vt
227
JOSEPHUS
7rLd6(lVOS fj.
1 om. PAM.
Destinon.
Trpoa65ov PVC.
" i.e. to the son of his brother Phasael (A. xvi. 196), also
called Phasael {A. xvii. 22). Nothing is known of the fate
228
disfavour
1th Her(
229
JOSEPHUS
he /Lter' o-u ttoAu ttjv opy-qv dvUi hihovg ovyyvojfxrjv ri] vooqj.
487 hLa(f)dapivTos . rju 8' iXevOepa StajSoArj? ovhe SaXwpLT]- Kal yap avri^s ^epcopas dheX(f)6? Karrjyopei ovvdrjKas rrepl ydpLov rrpos ^vXXaiov rov
^O^dha TOV ^Apd^ojv ^aaiXeajs eTTirpoTTOv, o? rjv
exOpdraros 'Hpcohrj. SteAeyjj^^etcra he Kal tovto
Kal TrdvB^ ooa ^epaypas eveKdXei GvyyivojoKeraiy
Kal avrdv he ^epojpav 6 ^aoiXevg dneXvaev row
eyKX-qpidrajv.
" Mariarame I.
230
JEWISH WAR, I. 484-488 {cf. ant. xvi. 219 f., 229 f.)
(6) Long before, while the queen " was still alive, and'
Pheroras had been accused of a plot to poison Herod ; of plotting
but at the period now reached informers came for- J^jQ^g^^^'
ward in such numbers that Herod, though the most
affectionate of brothers, was led to believe their
statements and to take alarm. After putting many
suspected persons to the torture he came last of all
him his supper, and the third put him to bed and
231
JOSEPHUS
V7rrjydyT0 6 'AAe^ai'Spo?. fjLTjuvdeu 8e roi ^aaiXel hirjXeyxovTo ^acrarot?, /cat rrjv fikv avvovoiav
evdecu? ojfJLoXoyovi', l^e(f)epov he kol ras etV ainrju
VTTOGX^cr^Lg, ov Tpoirov drrarriOeicv vtto 'AAefai^-
493 dvTjpei. heivris 8e^ dvofxlag IveTrXrjod-q ro jSaatXeiov Kara yap ex^pav ^ filaos lScov eKaoros
e-nXaaaev ra? hia^oXd?, Kal ttoXXoI Trpos rovs 8ta-
494 hvvos VTTerefjLvero^ npov^rj 8' els rooovrov ttlKpias, (1)S P-i]hk rcuv dKaraLridrojv nvl rtpoo^Xe-
232
old man who dyes his hair, unless this disguise has
actually made you take him for a youngster ; it is
to me, Alexander, that you should look, to me, who
am to inherit the throne, whether he will or no, and
shall ere long be avenged on my enemies and bring
fortune and bliss to my friends, and above all to
you." They added that persons of rank secretly
paid court to Alexander and that the generals and
officers of the army had clandestine interviews with
him.
VOL. II I 2 233
JOSEPHUS
yoif LTRC.
234
235
JOSEPHUS
hvvarojrdrajv /Socuaat, Kai 8ta 7d)(ov<; et? 'louraiav WpxiXaos d(f)LKveLTaL nepl rep yafx^po) Kai
T7J dvyarpl Setaa?. yu'erat 8e ^orjdo? aurots"
fidXa TTpofJLTiBrj^ Kai Texvrj tyju rod /Sao-iAeco?
236
237
JOSEPHUS
av' Kal yap ovx opdv alriav, i^ rjs au elg r-qXcKOVTOV jjLVGos 7Tpo770v, aTToXavoji' fiev yjSrj jSaocXeiag, cXttl^ojv he Kal Siahox'qy, et fit] riue? rjaav
avarreidovTes Kal ro rrj? rjXLKLas evKoXov eirl
KaKO) fjLraxiptl,6fjLVOL. Std yap tojv tolovtcou
i^aTTardaOai fiev ovk (j)ri^ovs fiovov aXXa Kal
yepovras, o'lkov? 8e XafXTrpordrovs Kal ^aotAeta?
oXag avaTpirreodaiy
ovuepy-qoeiu.
606 (-i) tleLderai Oepojpa?, Kal KaraoKevduas eavrovy cos av olKrporaro? (f)aveir], fieXalvr} re eadrjri
Kal SaKpvoL? TTpoGTTiTTrei rot? 'Hpcohov TTOoiv, ojg'
238
239
JOSEPHUS
507 Kos eXeyev. Trapaoriqaas Srj Karrjyopov Kal jjidprvv eavTov Oepcopai/ 'Ap;^eAaos' ovtojs rj^r] TraprjreLTO Kal tt^v ^Wpcohov KareoreXXev opyrjv xpcl>pLVOS OLKLOig VTTohelyiiaGLV Kal yap avro? ttoXXo)
XaXeTTOjrepa ttolgxojv vtto rabeX<j)OV rrj? ajjivvr]?
iTTLTTpoaOev riOeadai to rijg (^vaecog dtVatov eV
yap rals ^aoiXeiais woTrep eV /xeyaAots" awfiaoLV
del n fiepo? </>Aey/xatVetv vrro rov ^dpovs, orrep
aTroKOTTTeiv iiv ov XPW'^'-) Oepanevecv Se rrpaorepov.
24]
JOSEPHUS
^evovaav fiev ^oeadai hvooj-n-qixa tu)v afiapTqfidrojv, arroppayelaav hk alriav rrjs 1? aTravra
aTToyvojoeojs- fjLaXaKcoTepa? yap yiveodai ra?
(6) Such was the end of the ruse by which Arche- Herod's
laus rescued his son-in-law. After the reconciliation ArchSai
the time was passed in festivity and interchange of
courtesies. On his departure Herod presented him
with seventy talents, a throne of gold set with
precious stones, some eunuchs, and a concubine,
named Pannychis ; he conferred other favours upon
each of his friends, proportionate to their rank.
Magnificent presents were, likewise, by order of
royalty, made to Archelaus by all the high officials
at court. Herod and his nobles then escorted him
as far as Antioch.
243
JOSEPHUS
517 Kal 'AptcTTO/SouAoj ra> dheXcfxx). Trdurcov 8' drroTTeipadels rcuv TrpouojTTOJV dXXov dXXojs vn-^ei,
yiverai he Trpo-qyovfievco? fitodcoros ^ Avrirrdrpov /cat
TTpohorrj? ^AXe^drhpov, rep fieu dv'eiStJajv, et TTpeo^vraro? cov TrepLoiperau rov? e(l)ehpevovrag avrov
rat? eXTTLGiv, ^ AXe^dvhpoj he, el yeyewqfievo';^ e/c
^aGiXlho? Kal ^aaiXihi gvvolkojv idaet hiahex^odaL
r-qv dpx'q'^ TOV e^ Ihiajriho?, /cat raura fieyiGrrjv
denoun
lexan
ere
" Or possibly " Trying in turn all the parts in the play."
24.5
JOSEPHUS
pcu<la) ovfJL^ovXog rrjv Wpx^Xdov (jiiXiav TrXaodfxevos' Sto /X7]8ev vnoorreXXoiievos 'AXe^avSpos rd
T /car' WvrLTTarpov aTTOjhvpero Trpos avrov /cat
ws 'HpoSST]? a-UTOjv TTjV jjLTjrepa /cretVa? ov irapdBo^ov et /cat avrovs dcjyaipeZrai rrjv iKelvrjs ^aaiAeiW" e(^* ols 6 KvpvKXi^s OLKrelpeLV re /cat ctui^-
619 aXyelv VTreKplvero. rd 8' avrd /cat rw 'Aptaro^ovXov L7TLV SeXeduas /cat rats' /caret rod Trarpos
fjiefiipeoLv ivS-qodfJLevos dpL<f)OTepovs a>XTO <j)pcxjv
^ AvTiTrdrpcp rd dTTopp-qTa' TrpoaerrLipcvSeTaL 8'
iTTL^ovXrjV d>s iveSpevovrojv avrop twv dSeA^cDv
/cat piovov OVK i7n<j>p6vT<jL)V rjBr] rd ^L(f)r). Xa^ojv
8' eVt rourots" \pr]p.drcDV ttXtjOos erraLverris tjv
counsellor to be trusted ; and so, without any reserve, Alexander poured out to him his grievances
against Antipater, adding that it would not be surprising if Herod, after murdering their mother, should
rob him and his brother of her kingdom. Thereupon
Eurycles pretended to pity and condole with him.
He then inveigled Aristobulus into using similar
language, i -d i iving implicated both brothers in
complaints i their father, went off with these
247
J05EPHUS
524 dyvoovvra rov 'Wpojhov rponov ov ydp oj? 77pdrepov avro) TrapaGr-queodai 77e0pt/caj? rov (f)Grojra TTarepa^ ovbk <f)dy^G9aL^ Trepl rcbu eaurov
fjLOvou eyKX-qpidraju, dXXd -rrpojrov fiev KTjpv^eLV rd<;
rov edvov? cruft^opd? /cat rovs p-^XP'^ 4'^X'O^ (f^opoXoyoufieuov^, eTretr' ei? oTa? rpv(f)d? /cat Tipd^eis
rd 8t' alfiaros rroptGdevra ;^p7]/xaTa dvr}Xco9r],
70i)? re e^ r)p.<2)V TrXovrrjoavras olol, /cat rd<^
248
^ Or " reign."
249
JOSEPHUS
527 opyrjV i^aypLOvrat. kol rrdXiv Xa^dw Kaipdv 'Ai^riTTarpos iripovs Kara rcbv dSeA(/a>i^ V7T7Tfi7TU
Karrjyopovs Xeyeiv on 'IoukouVSoj Kal Tvpdvvoj
Xddpa SiaXeyoLvro, rot? LTTrrdpxoLS /xeV vore rou
^aaiXeaj? yevopiivois , rore S' e/c rivujv rrpooKpouGfJidrajv dTTOTTeTrrcuKOGt r-qs rd^eojs. e^' of?
*Y{pdjhiqs vrrepayavaKr-qoa? evdeoj? i^aodvLaeu
530 (4) 'AAAa KairoL rovs iXeyxovs evploKOJV dodevels rovs VLOVS eVeAewaey rrjpelv, en fiivroL XeXv
p.vovg, rov Se Xvpiedjva rrjs OLKtas Kal Spafiarovpyov oXov rov p.voovs EvpuKAe'a, oojrrjpa Kal
250
251
JOSEPHUS
253
JOSEPHUS
538 (2) TovTOLS 'Hpcuhrjs TTeiSerai, Kal rrapayevopLevog els Brjpvrov, evda Trpoaera^ev Katcrap,
Gvvrjye rd hiKaaT-qpiov . 7TpoKadLL,ovGiv*' re ol
rjyepLoves^ ypa(f>ev avrols vtto Kalaapos, TiaropVLVos re Kal ol Trepl IlehdvLOv rrpeo^eiSy cruv ols
Kal OvoXovpiVLOS [6y eTrirpoiTOS, erreid^ ol rod
^aaiXecus Gvyyevels Kal <f)iXoi, XaXcoprj re /cai
^epcopas, pLed^ ovs ol Trdorjs T^vpias dpioroi ttXtji
^Ap-^eXdov rod ^aoiXeajs' rovrov ydp ovra ktjheGTTjV ^ AXe^dvhpov hi vrroiptas ^^X^^ 'Hpcuh-qg.
* Beirut.
25*
ffide
JEWISH WAR, 1. 535-538 (c/ ANT. xvi. 323, 332, 356 ff.)
af King Archelaus ; '^ for, as Alexander's father-inlaw, he was regarded by Herod with distrust. His
255
J05EPHUS
Eas Damur, on the coast, S. of Beirut and about halfway between it and Sidon.
VOL. II K 257
JOSEPHUS
258
259
JOSEPHUS
550 (6) 'HpcoSrjs ye fi-qv ev eKKXr]oia rcjv re r\ye\x6v<jL>v KoX Tipojvos Karriyop-qoas rov Xaov err*
avrovg eorparoXoyqcrev avroOc yovv dvaipovvrai
1 om. LTKC.
S60
" Samaria.
261
JOSEPHUS
Trdrpov rrju yap lLaXcx>iir]v ovoav bLd(f)opow i^OLKLOvpii^o? 6 ' Ai/TtVaTpo? TOVTOv eVpay/uareuaaTO
marriage with Bernice, Salome's daughter, Aristobulus had three, Herod, Agrippa, and Aristobulus,
besides two daughters, Herodias and Mariamme.
After the execution of Alexander, Herod had sent
back Glaphyra to Cappadocia with her dowry ;
Bernice, the widow of Aristobulus, he gave in marriage
to Antipater's maternal uncle,*^ this match being
arranged by Antipater in order to conciliate his
enem},- Salome. Antipater further sought to ingratiate himself with Pheroras by presents and other
attentions, and with Caesar's friends by sending
considerable sums to Rome. Saturninus and all his
staff in Syria were glutted with his gifts. Yet the
more he gave, the more he was hated, as it was felt
that his bounties were not the outcome of generosity
but extorted from him by fear. The result was that
263
JOSEPHUS
Names unknown.
** Mariamme.
JOSEPHUS
562 K-qheGTTjV 6 WXe^dvhpov ttols TrpoaXd^oi. KaT-qvn^oXei he TToXXrj? ovotjs yeveds Kara ro ^aalXeLou
pLeradelvai rovs ydpLovs. rjaav yap rep ^aotXel
ywalKe? p,ev evvea, re/cva 8* eV rcDv^ enrd, avro^
p.ev Wi'TLTTarpos Ik Xojpiho^, 'HpojSryS" 8* e/c
MaptCL/x/XT]? rrjs tov apxiepetos Bvyarpos, ^ Avriiras
he /cat 'Ap;^eAaos" /c MaA^a/cr^? tt^? Sa/xapetVtSo?,
/cat dvydr-qp 'OAu/xTria?, t)v 6 dheX(f)ihov avrov
^IdjOTjTTOs ^lx^^> ^^ ^^ '^V^ 'lepoGoXvfjLLrihog KAeoTrdrpag 'HpcLhrj? /cat OiAtTTTTOs", e/c he naAAaSo?
664 (5) XaAerroiS" 8* d ^aoiXevs rjyavdKrTjoev /carapiadojv avrov ro Trpos rovs opchavovs rjdos, evvoid
The king, in fact, had nine ^ wives and issue by seven Herod's
267
JOSEPHUS
565 dyojVLGfia. t6t ukv ovv ttoXXo. Trpog opyqv dnoKpLvdfJievos drr^Xavvei rov ^AvrLTrarpov, a^^t? 8'
VTraxO^Xs avrov rals KoXaKeiais pLedrjpfjLOGaro, Kal
avTO) ixev ttjv 'ApiGro^ovXov ovvojKLGev Ovyarepa,
Tov he vlov avrov rfj Oepcopa Ovyarpl.
268
crossed his mind might not his murdered sons also Under
have been the victims of this man's slanders ? He, A^^ip^
accordmgly, at the moment replied m a long and Herod
angry speech, and dismissed Antipater from his ^opos^,
presence. Subsequently, however, seduced by his ^ons.
flatteries, he made other arrangements, and gave the
daughter of Aristobulus to Antipater himself, and
269
JOSEPHUS
* She had paid the fine imposed upon them for refusing
270
271
JOSEPHUS
6"3 Koi hehoLKOJS rrjv 7TLT7]povaav Y^aXtopuqv irpay/j,aTVTaL Std rcbv eVi rrjs ^IraXlas (fjiXow rrjv ets"
'PwjjLTjv OLTTohiifxiav avTcp- ypaifjdvTOjv yap eKeivojv
Setv ^ AvrinaTpov hid xpovov 7Tpi(j>drjvaL npos
KaLoapa, 6 Se ov tl /leAAr^CTas" e^7Tfxipv depaTrelav
re XapLTTpdv kol TrXelara hovs XPVH-'^'^^ '^V^ '''^
hiaOrjKrjV koijll^lu, iv fj ^aoiXevs fiev 'AvrtVarpos'
iyeypaTTTO, WvTLTrdrpov Se 'Hpcohrjg SidSoxos 6 Ik
yiapidjJLfjLT]? TTjs Tov apxi^peoj? dvyarpo? yeyovajs-
^ Xiese : tov it/ IT. Sffarwraroj' PAM, twv iv IT. tov dwaTujraTQv the rest.
(3) Syllaeus the Arab also set sail for Rome ; he intrigue
had disregarded Caesar's orders and went to maintain J^g^J^'J^i
against Antipater the case which he had previously
pleaded against Nicolas.^ There was also a grave
matter at issue between him and his own sovereign,
Aretas, for he had put to death a number of that
prince's friends, including Soaemus, one of the most
powerful personages in Petra. By a large bribe he
secured the services of Fabatus, Caesar's treasurer,
whom he also employed to assist him against Herod.
The latter, however, by even larger bribes, detached
Fabatus from Syllaeus and endeavoured, through
273
JOSEPHUS
1 6 5' or 6 oe PAM.
274
Peraea ( 483).
275
JOSEPHUS
reXevraias r]f.Lepa<i o/lioj? Kal avrov dveXeiv i(f>r]fiLodrj (jyapp^aKcp. tov ye jJiriv veKpov eis" 'lepoooXvfxa Kopiioas ttcvOos re pieyiorov oXcp rco eOvei
Kar-qyyecXev Kal KrjSela? rj^LCocrev Xaprrpordr-q<;.
eva pikv Srj row WXe^dvSpov Kal Wpiaro^ouXov
(f)oua>v roLodrov Trepiepxerai riXos.
276
(2) Beset with all sorts of suspicions, the king put Reveiatio
the women-servants and some ladies above that rank ' ^^^^
Doris.
277
JOSEPHUS
oAt^?^ i^VKTO^y pLTiheva fJ.r)r OLKTr]v p.r]T depdTTaLvav ia)vr TiaparvyxdveLV . /it'a hi] tuju dAevdepojv Tavra ixr]vvei.
587 OJS TTOppcurdroj rod d-qpiov. rroXXaKLS he diTohvpopievov rrpog rrju fx-qrepa rov WvTLTrarpov eLTreZv
CO? avrds /xev 117 ttoXlos ^jhrj, vedl^OL he Kad*
qpLepav 6 Trar-qp, (f>6daai S' dv rdxo- Kal reXeurrjoas TTplv dp^aadat ^aoiXeias dXrjdovg. el he
Kai TTore eKelvos reXeurriGeLev , (ttotc S' ai^ yevocro
Tovro;) TTavrdTTaaiv avrco rrjv dTToXavotv rij?
279
JOSEPHUS
S80
1 1 .,11 .1 ,} . , , Antipatei
281
JOSEPHUS
694 ocoLeTaL. KopnGdelrrav 8' avTrju 6 ^aatAei)? dvaKTriGdjievo<^, KeKdpojTO yap drro tov TTTOj/jLaTo?,
rjpcoTa 8t' ^v aLTiaw ptipctev iavT-qv, el fxkv et7ro6
TdX-qdeSy d(j)-qoLV Trduiqs TLjLojpia<; iTTOfiuvfievog , i
8' VTTOOTelXaLTO, haTTavqaeiV aurrj? eV ^aodvois to
awfjLa Kal fir)Se Tdcbcp KaTaXeiipeiv .
282
283
JOSEPHUS
^ acdevr)<Tu Dilldorf.
284
Read Adonai"; hence, through later neglect of the in;ntion of the scribes, arose the form Jehovah, which has
Inquired a sacredness of its own, but in its origin is a
ybrid.
^ Bibl. Zipporah (lxx I,eirc()dbpa).
285
JOSEPHUS
sons of the king, now growing lads and full of manlyspirit, were receiving their education in Rome.
Anxious to rid himself of these scions springing up His forger]
to dash his hopes, Antipater forged several letters to injure his
their injury in the name of their friends in Rome, brothers.
while he prevailed on others by bribery to write that
the young princes were constantly railing at their
father, publicly deploring the fate of Alexander and
Aristobulus, and indignant at their own recall ; for
their father was now summoning them back, and it
was this fact which caused Antipater the greatest
uneasiness.
287
JOSEPHUS
609 rrjs pLrjrpog 'AvrtVarpo?. rrporepov pLV ovu elXij<f>ei rrjV Trepl rrjs ^epojpa reXevrrj? eTnaroXr^v eV
Tdpavri Kal pLeyiurou eTTOL-qoaro Trivdos, 6 nves
(1)9 eirl delcp Kadvpivow, rjv S', cLs 0LKV, in
htapLapria rrjs eTTi^ovXrjs rj ovyxvats Kal oi
^epujpav KXaiovros, dXXd rov v7T7]perr]V' rjSrj St
Kal (f)6^os eTTT^et ris avrou row rereXeapievojVy /Lt
288
JOSEPHUS
7TLyG6aL TTap-^vouv Kal fXYj rfj fjLcXX-queL TTapaoxelv TO) TTarpl fxev vrtoipiav (f}avXr]v, rot? 8ta^dXXouGL Se d(f)opfXTJv' Kal yap vvv, el tl KKLur]Tai
/car* avrov, rrapd ttjv aTTOVuiav yyov.v' yLi7]8e yap
av ToXfiijaat irapovros' droirov 8' etvai hi dh-qXovg
VTTOifjla? TTpoS-qXcov dyadojv orepioKeadaL, Kal /jltj
ddrrov aTTohovvai puev iavrov ro) narpi, KopLLoaoOai.
8e TTjv ^aaiXeiav eV avro) (jlovco oaAeuouoav.
615 v7Tehe)(dr]. 6 8e jjSr] fiev evevoei ra? oIkoi ov/jl(jiopds, en he .k Travovpyias VTreKpvnrero Kal to)
290
" Or perhaps " feared that there might have been some
addition to the charges." " Or " as he was by all."
291
JOSEPHUS
^ 7^a^OL/)7^^taal^ A MLR.
293
JOSEPHUS
623 oropyoraTOs TraTrjp eyevofxrjv. tovs fxev yap TtpoTepovs /SacrtAet'a? re en veovs d^LOjaa? Kal rrpog
roL? ev 'PcopLTj rpocfieioLS (f)iXovs Kaluapog, t,r)XajTovs he 7T0ii]Gas ^aoLXevuLV eTepoi?, evpov eni^ovXovs, OL Tedv-qKaoi to TiXeov 'AvTindTpoj' vecx)
yap ovTL Kal hiahoxcp tovtco pLdXtara rvjv do(f}a-
29-^
(2) Herod burst out upon him to be silent and then Herod'^
addressed Varus : " That you, Varus, and every '"^
honest judge will condemn Antipater as an abandoned
criminal, I am fully persuaded. What 1 fear is that
my fate may also appear hateful to you and that you
may judge me deserving of every calamity for having
995
JOSEPHUS
KOLTTjg eiGdycDV Kal fjirj fie rt? evehpevoL Trepi^XeTTCov OVTOS 6 Tafiias tCjv vttvojv Kal x^pi^yo?
rrjg a/xept^rta?, o Trapafiudovfjiewog ttjv eirl toIs
VOL. II L 2 297
JOSEPHUS
29
" Possibly for U aov we should read e|w aov : " Had I
reason to fear others beside you ? "
299
JOSEPHUS
634 XP^y-'^^- p-^y^vriGO 8e cu? oO;^ eVoji^ cVAeoi^, cttLGrdpLevo? rrju ifK^cuXevovGau rfj /SacrtAeta /car' ifjLoO
hvGiiiveiav. gv 8e /xe, Trdrep, aKCuv dTTcvXeGa?,
avayK-aaa? Kaipov hia^oXrjs hovvai ro) (f)d6ucp.
TTdpeLjjLL he eVt rovg eXeyxou?, TrdpetpLL hid yrjg Kal
daXdaGrjs ovhev ovhajxov iradiov 6 TrarpoKTOvo';.
635 aAAa pL-qTTOj jxe rovTcp ^I'Aet^ to* reKfji-qptco' kgteyvajG^xai ydp Kal rrapd deep Kal vapd Goi, Trdrep.
Kareyvojofjiewos he heofiai fxr) rals aAAcoi^ ^aadvots
TTLoreveLU, aAAa kgt* ep.oC (f)epeG6a> to vvp,
301
JOSEPHUS
637 (4.) 'Ey TOVTO) NtKoAao? rod paoiXeoj? KeAeucravTO? TToAAa Trpog to navovpyov to ^ Avmrdrpov
TTpoenrdjv koi tov Itt* avrco biax^o.? eXeov, eneLTa
TTLKpdv Karrjyopiav KarTLvaTO, Trdvra p.ev rd
Kara ttjv ^aoiXeiav KaKovpyr]p.ara TTepLTiOels avTCOy
ndXiora Se Tr)u dvaipeoiv rwv dheX<f>ujv, diroh^iKuvf;
ralg Kluov Sia^oXai? dTToXajXoras . eTn^ovXeveiv
he avrov eAeyei^ Kal rot? TTepiovGiv cos i<f)bpoLS
Trj<; biaSox^S' rov yap napaoKevdoaura irarpl
<f)dpiiaKOi> T^ 7TOV y dv dheX^dv dTtoayia^ai ;
Q^c) (5) Ouapog 8e dTToXoyeiGdaL KcAcucra? tov WvtlTTaTpov, CO? ovbev irXiov clttojv tj " deos iuTLV /jloi
tov prjhev dSiKeiv fidpTVS " KLto GtydJv, aLTTjGa?
302
303
JOSEPHUS
640 KpLTOJV heoiicoTr] meti^. rod Se 7rapa\priiia TfAeuTTjoavTOS , 6 fiev OLTTopp-qTOvg TroiT^aa? ra? Trpo?
^Hpojdrjv opLiXiag Kal ra rrepl to ovvehptov Kaioapi
ypdipag (JLera piav rjpLepav xajpit^eTai' Seop-el he
6 ^aaiXevs Wi'TiTraTpou Kal 77po? Katoapa rous
hiqXojoovTas rrjv oup.(j)opa.u e^eTrepLifjev .
641 (6) McTO. he raura Kal Kara HaXcufxrjg eni^ovXos * AvT LTTarpos evplorKeraL^' rcjv yap ^Kvtl<I)l\ov Tt? OLKercov rjKev emaroXa? ko[xl^oju qtto
*Pa)p.r] TTapa Atoui'a?^ OepaTTaivihos, ^Ak/jlyJ'; rovvojjia. Kal TTapa p.ev ravriqs e-neoraXro ^aaiXec
rds TTapa T^aXojfirjg eTnoroXds e'y rot? Atouta?^
evprjKevau ypdfJLfjLaaiu, 77e77o/x0eVat he avro) Xddpa
643 ^ AKp^-qv hiacfideipas erreiaev 'Wpo'jhr] TTefJiipai. hcTjXeyxOrj he eV ttjs Trpo? avrcv eTTiGToX-qs' '<'cit
yap eKeivo) to yvvaiov eypai/jew " wg e^ovX-qQ-qs ,
eypaipd oov tw Trarpl Kal rds cTTtaroAd? eKeivas
CTTepLipa, TTeTTetGiieuT] rov ^aacXea fir} (j>eLoeo9ai tt^s"
dheX(f)r}g, OTav duayvo). KaXojs he TTOLrjoeig, ertei'
hdv aTTapTLodfj Trdvra, fJLvrjfxovevoag (x)v VTTeo)(OV."
304
" Livia Drusilla, the wife of Augustus, and after his death
known as .Julia Augusta; by her former husband she was
mother of the emperor Tiberius.
305
JOSEPHUS
647 (xxxiii, I) ripoT^ei 8' avroj 77p6? ro xaXerrcorepov T) i'6ao<;, are Sr) ra>u appojor-qpidraw iv
yrjpa Kal ddvixia eTnirerjovrajv iqv fxev yap rjSr]
ox^bou erojv i^bofJ.'qKOvra, rerarreivajro hk rrjv
tpvx'Tjv rat? rrepl row reKvojv avpi(f)Opals, dj<; fJ-rjh*
iv vyteia^ n rojv -qheoju rrpooUadaL. ri)s vooov
5' Tjv iTTLraoLS io)v *AvrL7Tarpos, ov ovk ev Trapepyo),
patera? hk TTpofjprjro at'eAeii^.
306
4 B.C.
307
JOSEPHUS
650 TTapa tovs Trarpiov? vofMOvg epya KaraaTTdv . ddep-LTOu yap elvat Kara rov vaou ^ ecKouag rj npoTOfxa? Tj [,cpov TLVO? eTTajvufiov epyov etVat* KareoKevoLKei S' o PaocXev-; vrrkp rr]v fxeyaX-qv TrvXrjv
de-ov )(pvoovw ov hr) rore Trapffvovv iKKOTrretv ol
309
JOSEPHUS
652 r^yyiXOrj 8' evOecos rep ^aotXeujs arparrjya), KOiKeivo? fiera x^ipos ovk oXiyrj^ dvabpafjicov Trepl reaaapOLKovra veavias auXXafipdvei kol Kariqyayev irpos
653 ^acrtAea. TTVvdavojjLevcp S' avrco Trpcorov, el toX/jltjoetav rov -x^pvoovv derov iKKOTrreiv, ojfjioXoyovv.
CTretra, tlvos KcXevaavros , dTreKpivavro rod Trarpiov
vofJLOv. ri 8' ovrojs yeyijdacni' Stepajrijaavros,
656 (o) "Kvdev avrov ro GOjp,a ndv tj vogos 8taXa^ovGa ttolklXols TrddeoLv ipiepit^ero' irvperos pLv
yap rju ov Xd^pos, Kvr]Gp.6s 8e dcjiopiqros rrjs iin(f)avLas oXr]s /cat koXov Gvvex^^'^ dXy-qhoues, Trepi
re rovs noSas ojonep vhpojTndjvros otSr^^tara, rov
re rjrpov (f)XeypLovrj /cat Sr)^ alSoLov GTjTTeSdw gkoj-
310
311
JOSEPHUS
XrjKa^ yvv<l)oa, Trpo? tovtols opOoTTvoia /cat hvo-
659 (6) Ai;t6? 8e v-noGTpicjjojv els ^lepixovvra irapayiveraL peXayxoXoju rjhr], Kal povov ovk dneiXcou
ainuj TO) davdroj TrpoeKorrreu els eVtjSoAT^i/' d-
660 KXeljai TrpooKaXeudpevog he HaXcop-qp ttjv d6e\<f)r]u Kal Tou di'hpa ravrris 'AAe^ai " olha," e(f)r^,
S12
" The Dead Sea. Callirrhoe (" Baths of Herod ") was
near the N.E. end of it.
313
JOSEPHUS
" A. xvW. 176, " He was not blind to the feelings of the
Jews and knew what relief and intense delight his death
would bring them/' A Jewish festi%'al on the seventh of
the month Kislev (December), of which the occasion is unrecorded in the Jewish calendar known as Megillath Taanith,
is said by a late Scholiast to commemorate Herod's death ;
314
315
JOSEPHUS
316
317
JOSEPHUS
659 \p-)(^iXaos drredeLKvuro. tovtco [de]^ tov t SaktvXlov tou eavTov Kalaapi (^ipeiv ivereXXero Kal
rds SiOLK-qaeLS ~tJ? ^aaiXeias aecTT^/xacr/xeVa?* Kvpiov
yap drravTcov u)v Siardfetei^ /cat ^e^aLOjrrjv row
hiaQ-qKoJv elvai Kalaapa' rd ye firju Xotrrd Kara
rd? rrporipas 5ta^ry/<a? (j)vXdrreLV.
670 (9) Bot) S' v6vs iyeuero tojp \\p)(eXdcp ouvrjbofjLevuju, Kal Kara GTl(f)os ol GrparLojrai pLerd
Tov ttXtjOov^ TrpoGLOvres vttluxvovvto p.ev ttjv
iavTujv evvoLav, ovviqv\ovTO 8e Kal rrjv rrapd roi
deov, [xalY perd ravra TTpog racftrju irpdrrovTC
318
319
JOSEPHUS
be eV avTOL? rojv olkT(jju Kal aTreXevdepojv dpojfjLaTO(f)6poL. CTTaStou? 5' iKopLLoSy) TO CTcu/xa 8ia-
320
VOL. II M S21
Aoroi^ B'
BOOK II
323
JOSEPHUS
ixaaiv ol [j,V yap i^oojv e7TLKOv(j)it,eiv rds etV(j)opdsy ol 8e dvaipelv rd reX-q, rive? 8e dnoXveiv
TOV Secr/xcuras" . irrevevGe 3' iroLfxajs diraGL Oepa7TVU)V TO TrXrjdog. eVetra Ovaa? ev ei3co;)(ta fxera
r; ttvXtj? rod vaov. rjv 8e to ttIvOos ov^ ^'^oraXfjLvov, dXX olpuxjyal hiarrpvaLoi Kal dprjvos
eyKeXevoros Koireroi re rrepi'qxovvres oXtjv rrjv
TToXiv, d)S dv ctt' dvSpdoLV ovs (f)aGKOv VTTep rcov
7Tarpio)V vofxojv /cat rov vaov [TTvplj^ TTapanoXeGdaL.
To all these requests, in his desire to ingratiate himself with the people, he readily assented. Then,
II 11/' -1 1 11 1 r- martyiec
had punished tor cuttmg down the golden eagle irom doctors
the gate of the Temple.^ This mourning was in no
subdued tones : there were piercing shrieks, a dirge
directed by a conductor, and lamentations with beating of the breast which resounded throughout the
city ; all this in honour of the unfortunate men who,
they asserted, had in defence of their country's laws
and the Temple perished on the pyre. These
martyrs ought, they clamoured, to be avenged by the
punishment of Herod's favourites, and the first step
was the deposition of the high-priest whom he had
appointed,^ as they had a right to select a man of
greater piety and purer morals.
325
JOSEPHUS
10 ttX-^Oovs eTTiXd^oivro. Kal Srj rrjs rwv d^vpucov evardcrqs ioprrjs, t] TrdcrxoL Trapd 'louSatot? KaAetrat,
TToXv Tt Bvjidr ojv TrXrjOos eKhexop^evq, KareiOL fxev
eK rrjs x^P^^ Xaos direipos eirl rr]v BprjUKeiav,
OL he rovs GO(f)iards rrevdovvres ev rip lepco ovv-
S2t)
the walls, while the infantry struck straight across from the
palace which lay on the S.W. of the city to the Temple on
the N.E.
327
JOSEPHUS
1" eTTepuparo. rdre fiev ovv "La^lvo? Ovdpo) ;^apt^6fieuo? ovT* 771 ra? aKpa? ecrTreuCTei^ oure ra Tapnela
TCOV TTaTpcpcov XPVI^'^'^^'^ aTreKXeLoev Wpx^Xdcxj,
p.lXP'- ^^ '^'7? Kataapo? hiayvojoecos rjpeii-qoeiv
' Herod's chief friend and executor, B. i. 473, 667, ii. 21.
* Of Damascus, another friend of Herod, and the historian
on whose work Josephus is here probably dependent.
328
VOL. II M 2 S29
JOSEPHUS
7Tpl TT^? jSaatAeta? dud^eiOLV d^Lojv ttjs imSLadrjKTjs KvpLOjrepau elvat rrjv StaOrjKrjv, eV fj ^aaiXevg
avTos iyeypaTTTO. ovXXrnljo9aL 8' avro) TrpoiJTTdo)(TO ^aXajji-q Kal ttoXXol tow avv Wpx^Xdco
24 Kataapt, TioXXd 8' eTraiveoag ^ Avriirav. ovvrd^avres he rd eyKXrjpara ol jrepl HaXojprju eve\eipioav Katcrapt, Kal perd tovtous Wpx^Xaos rd
T^ Ke^ctAata rwv eavrov hLKaia>u ypdipag Kal rov
* B. i. 6t6. * Malthace who had sailed with her other son, I-l.
330
331
JOSEPHUS
26 (5) "Kuda KaracTTd? d LaAa/X57? utd? 'Ai^rtTTarpos", 7)1^ 3e roiv ivavTiovfievoju * \p\eXda) Se'.i^draro? einelv, Karr^yopei (jydoKcov toI<; fiev Adyoi?
d}jL(f)L(j^rjTlv dpTL /SacrtAet'a? 'Ap;^eAaoi', rot? 5*
epyoig TTCtAat yeyovevai ^aaiXia, Karetpa)uev6adaL
8e i^Gi^ TcD;' Kat'crapo? ciKodji^, 01/ htKaoTTjV ttj?
SS-2
>| accounts."
I 333
JOSEPHUS
1 om. PA.
384
(6) After dilating at length in this strain, and producing most of the relatives as witnesses to each item
in his accusation, Antipater concluded his speech.
335
JOSEPHUS
35 SiKa^ovTos avTTjV KaiGapo? . tcov 8' aAAcov eyKX-qfJidTcov GVjjL^ovXovs dTTeSeiKwev avTovg tov? KaTrjyopovs yeyovevai. tyjv ye jjltjv emhiad-qK-qv rj^iov
hid TOVTO /xaAiara elvai Kvpiav, otl ^e^aiojTrjV ev
iG(f)dXXeTO, G(jj(l>pov(ji)v 8' fjpelTO Kal tov KadLGTafievov 6 yivojGKOJV tov KadiGTdvTa.
87 (7) ^le^eXdovTos 8e TrdvTa koi ^iKoXdov TrapeXdojv ^ApxeXaog TTpoTTiTrTei^ tcov KauGapo? yovdTcxJv
V'^^Xl' KdKelvos avTov fidXa (f)LXo(f)p6va>g dvaGTrjGas eve(f)r]vev fxev wg d^Log elrj Trjg vaTpcoa?
336
(7) Nicolas on his side having fully stated his case, Perpiexii
Archelaus came forward and fell, in silence, at the ^^ngustu:
knees of Caesar. The emperor very graciously
raised him up, intimating that he thought him worthy
to succeed his father, but pronouncing no final decision. After dismissing his council, he passed the
day in reflection on what he had heard, considering
whether he ought to appoint as successor one of
those named in the wills or to divide the dominion
among all the children ; for the numerous members
of this family all seemed in need of support.
S37
uct
lUS 1
Jerusalec
JOSEPHUS
V.
A'i 'ivvriyayev rov hrjfxov, dXX' r) dyaudKr-qoig . avvdhpafiev yovv nXrjSos dneLpov K re rrjg FaAiAata?
Kal eK rrjs 'ISou/xat'a?, 'lepfixovvro? re Kal rrjg
VTTep *lophdpr]i' Ylepaia?, vrrepelxev he rrX-qdei Kal
TTpodvpLLaLS dvhpwv 6 yvT^GLOS e| avr-qs *Iou8aia?
'PcU/XatOUS" 7ToXl6pKOVV.
^ 16.
838
339
JOSEPHUS
49 (3) KaraTTOvoupLevoL 8e' Trpos aM^OTcpctji' vttoTTLpLTTpdoLv rd? GTod<; , epya davp-dota fieyeOoug re
/<at TToAureAeias" eve/ccv'* ot 8' eV ai^rojt' i^ai<f)vrig
1)770 T-qg <l)Xoy6s irepiax^Q^vjes ttoXXoI pLev iv avTJj
hie(j)6dpr]oau, ttoXXol 8e vtto tojv voXepnajv tttjbdjvres elg avTovg, riveg 8' eig tovttlooj Kara 7oO
50 18101? ^L(f)eoLU TO 77vp eSdauoi^' oool 8e KadepTTvoavres drro rd)V reixdjv fi^o-v elg rovg Poj^atou?
va-ax^'i-P^O70i hid rrjV eKTrXrj^LV rjoau. Kal^ rdji>
pikv drroXujXoTujv, tcjv 8* vvo rod heovg OKehaodevTOJU, ip-qpLOJ rep rov Oeov drjoavpo) irpoo-
S40
~ or the
" 6/. ZJ.i. 27 If., and for the tower of Phasael i. 418, v. 166.
341
JOSEPHUS
54 avrovopLiav. 2a/StVoj 8' dyaTT-qrov pikv tju vrre^eXdelVy rjTTLoreL he rat? VTtooxeoeoiv /cat to Trpdov
avrojv heXeap et? evehpav vTrajfrrevev dp.a he /cat
r-qv aTTO Ovdpov ^OTjOetau eX7Til,<jji> hterpi^ev rrjv
TToXiopKLav.
These cohorts of Sehasteni are often mentioned in inscriptions, and elsewhere in Josephus, e.g. B. ii. 58, 63, 74, 236.
The aireipa 'Ze^aarrj mentioned in Acts xxvii. 1 as quartered
at Caesarea was probably one of them, though le^aarri^
Atiffusta, not Sebastenian ; its full title was probably cohors
Avgusta Sehastenorum (Schiirer).
343
JOSEPHUS
57 {"2) Kara 8e tt^v nepatav Zt/Ltcui' rt? tcuv /SaatAi/cai/ SouAtuv', evp.op(^iq. ocufiaros Kal jxeyedeL
TTeTToidojs , TTepiTLdrjGLU fxev eavTO) SidSrjiJLa, Trepucuv
he fieS' (Lv ovvrjOpOLoev Xtjotow rd re ev 'l6pi;(0t
^aoiXeta KaraTTLfXTTprjOLU Kal rroXXas erepa? rcvv
TToXvreXojv eTravXets, dprrayds paStcu? eV rov
344
mon in
ea.
up in arms and took the field against the royal troops, veterans i
to power.
(2) In Peraea Simon/ one of the royal slaves, proud The usuri
of his tall and handsome figure, assumed the diadem, pe^a
Perambulating the country with the brigands whom
he had collected, he burnt down the royal palace at
Jericho and many other stately mansions, such incendiarism providing him with an easy opportunity
for plunder. Not a house of any respectability would
have escaped the flames, had not Gratus, the commander of the royal infantry, with the archers of
Trachonitis and the finest troops of the Sebastenians,
gone out to encounter this rascal. In the ensuing
engagement numbers of the Peraeans fell. Simon
himself, endeavouring to escape up a steep ravine,
was intercepted by Gratus, who struck the fugitive
from the side a blow on the neck, which severed his
head from his body. The palace at Betharamatha,'*
345
JOSEPHUS
60 (3) Tore /cat 7T0LfJ,-qv rig di'rLTTOLrjdrjvai, /SaatAeta? iroXfi-qaev. WBpoyyalos eVaAetro, rrpov$VL S* avroj r-qv eA7Tt8a ocopLaros loxv? Kal 4^vxrj
davdrov Kara<^povov(ja, rrpos he rovrois dhe\(f)ol
(3) Now, too, a mere shepherd had the temerity The usurpi
to aspire to the throne. He was called Athrongaeus, ga^euTthe
and his sole recommendations, to raise such hopes, shepherd.
were vigour of body, a soul contemptuous of death,
and four brothers resembHng himself. To each of
these he entrusted an armed band and employed
them as generals and satraps for his raids, while he
himself, like a king, handled matters of graver
moment. It was now that he donned the diadem,
but his raiding expeditions throughout the country
with his brothers continued long afterwards. Their
principal object was to kill Romans and royalists, but
no Jew, from whom they had anything to gain,
escaped, if he fell into their hands. On one occasion
they ventured to surround, near Emmaus," an entire
Roman company,^ engaged in convoying corn and
arms to the legion. Their centurion Arius and forty
Df his bravest men w^ere shot down by the brigands ;
the remainder, in danger of a hke fate, were rescued
:hrough the intervention of Gratus with his Sebastenans. After perpetrating throughout the war many
' There were five in all ( 60) : the fate of the fifth is unecorded.
347
JOSEPHUS
69 oiKOVura? dvh pair ohil,er ai . [lerd 8e 717? oXrjs Suvalieoj? avro? Ovapos el? ^afidpetav eXdoas rrj? fieu
TToXeoj? dTreox^ro, pir]hev ev rols rajv dXXa>v dopv^ois TTapaKeKLv-qKvlav evpojv, auAt^erat Se nepi
riva KcjfjLr^u Wpovv KaXovfJLevrjv KrrjpLa 8e rjv
nroXepLalov Kal 8td rovro vtto rojv ^ kpd^a)V
hi-qpTrdadrj p.-qvi6vrajv Kal rols 'HpcuSou ^iXoiq.
ven against the friends of Herod. Thence he adi^anced to Sappho,** another fortified village, which
:onsisting of 500 horse, as distinct from the strictly " legioniry " squadrons of cavalry, consisting of only 120 horse,
5. iii. 120 (Reinach).
S49
JOSEPHUS
73 'louSatcov hieoKehaoev. koI ol p.kv (ly^^ovro (f)Vyovreg dvd rrjv x^P^^' he^dfievoi 8e avrov ol Karo
rrju TToXiv dnOKvdi,ovTo ret? air tag rrjs dTTOordoeajs, avrol fjLev ovSkv TTapaKLi^rjoaL Xeyovres, 8ta 8e rrjv ioprrjv dvayKaioj? Se^a/xevot re
TrXrjdos ovfXTToXiopK-qOrjvaL pidXXov 'Pco/xatot? rj ctu/x-
351
JOSEPHUS
" 55.
VOL. II X 353
J05EPHUS
86 Tolg e^ojdev drj/xot?. dvrl be rijs rraAata? evbaifMOVLa? Kal tcop' Trarpiojv voficov irevlas to eOuog
Kal Tapavop.ias eaxaT-qs rreTrX-qpajKev at, KadoXov
be rrXeiovg VTTopLefievqKevaL rd? e^ 'Hpwbov avfj.-
Mie Jewi
deputies
" It was not a king," they said, " whom they had had
to tolerate, but the most cruel tyrant that ever
existed. Numerous had been his victims, but the
survivors had suffered so much that they envied the
fate of the dead. For he had tortured not only the
persons of his subjects, but also their cities ; and
while he crippled the towns in his own dominion, he
embellished those of other nations, lavishing the lifeblood of Judaea on foreign communities. In place
of their ancient prosperity and ancestral laws, he
had sunk the nation to poverty and the last degree
of iniquity. In short, the miseries which Herod in
the course of a few years had inflicted on the Jews
surpassed all that their forefathers had suffered during
all the time since they left Babylon to return to their
country in the reign of Xerxes." And yet so chast-
" i.e. the return under Ezra, which Josephus (A. xi. 120)
places in the reign of Xerxes, not as in the O.T. in that of
Artaxerxes.
355
JOSEPHUS
92 rpiovs TiyepLovag. 'loL'Satot /xei^ oui^ e/c ttJ? KarrjyopLa? KareXr^^av tV roLavrrjv d^lajotv, dvaard?
8e Nt/cdAao? dTreAt'craTO^ /Ltev tcl? etV tou? fiaotXels
alrias, KarrjyopeL de rod edvov? ro re hvoapKrov
/cat to bvGTretde? (f)VGL Trpos roijs ^aoiXelsovvSid^aXXe he /cat rovg Wpx^Xdou ovyyevels,
oooL TTpo? rou9 Karriyopov? dcfjeiorrjKeoav.
856
357
JOSEPHUS
97 fjLT] ixerd tow dXXcov dTTOOTrjvai. TToXets S' vttrjKOOV? TTapeXa^ev HTpdTOjvos rrvpyov Kal He^aGTrjv
Kal *lo7r777]v Kal ^lepoooXvp-a- rdj yap 'EAAr^yiSa?
rdl,av Kal TdBapa Kal "Ittttov aTTOTef-Loiieuos ttjs
^aoiXeias TrpoaeOrjKev Hvpia. rrpoaohos [']* 'TjV
TTjS ^ Apx^Xdo) SodeldTjs X^P^^ TeTpaKocrtcov TaXdv-
" Called in the parallel passage {A. xvii. 319) and elsewhere {e.g. B. i. 398J Zenodorus.
358
" Caesarea-on-sea.
^ Samaria.
S59
JOSEPHUS
103 TOVTOLS yovu Tovs iv KprjTrj 'louSatou? ^arraTrjoas /cat XafXTrpajs l^ohLaoBels hieriXevGV t?
Mt^Aov" vBa GVvayeLpa? ttoXXco rrXeov 8t' vnep-
2 om. P.
VOL. II N 2 36l
JOSEPHUS
106 (2) Kalaap Be ywcLaKCDV [a/cpi^cD? J^ rou? 'AAe^dvSpov ^apaKT-qpas y Karrjyoprjro yap U(/>' 'HpcuSou
770/3' avrto, uvveo'jpa fikv koI Trplv IheZv rov
110 yeXaGas he Kataap eVt Tourot? top' jjiev ifjevhaXe^avhpov hi eve^iav Gcop^arog eyKarera^ev toIs epeTat?, TOV avaeiGavTa he eKeXevGev avaLpeOrjvaf
Mr^Atot? 5' TjpKeGev eTTLTipiiov Trjg avotag to di^aXcopLaTa.
S62
i. 452.
363
JOSEPHUS
1 eKX-qdv p.
" From this point until the outbreak of the war the narrative becomes much more condensed. Probably the work
of Nicolas of Damascus, the source hitherto followed, ended
here.
" " The tenth " A. xvii. 34-2 : so Dio Cass. Iv. 27, and cf. the
allusion to the 10th year of Archelaus in Vita 5 (Reinach).
S64
Archelaus
narchy, did not forget old feuds, but treated not '^'P^'''^'^"
365
JOSEPHUS
104 vaov Stec^epe. tovtujv ovv Kara GTTOvhrjv crvyKOfiLudei'TOji', eKOLGTov Kal irapa SvvafjLLV (faXoTLfxr]GaiJLVov, ap^LreKTovas rols epyoLs ichLGrrjGL Kar*
ivToXrjv rod deov ovg Kal ro TrXrjdos dv eVeAe^aro
avrojVy KOL yap eV rat? UpaZs pi^XoLg avayeypaTTrai, raur' rjv Bacrar^Aos" jiev Ovpl Tralg r-fjg 'louSa
<j)vXri? VLOJVO?^ Be Maptaa^ry? rrjg dBeXcprj? rod
GrparrjyoVy 'EAi^a^os" de 'Icra^a;(OU AartSo? (f)vXrjg.
106 ro Se TTXrjdos ovroj? vtto TTpodvpLias rol? iyx^t-povpLevoLS irjXdev, ojGre Mojuctt^? dvelp^ev avrovg
v7TOKr)pv^dfjLvos dpKelv rovs ovras' rovro yap at
Sr]fiLovpyoL 7rpoLp-qKGav' i)(Ojpovv ovv eVt rrju rijs
^ M?5. erroneously " son." Exodus mentions his grandfather Hur, and Hur according to Josephus was the husband
of Miriam ( 54).
S66
367
JOSEPHUS
OLKCO.
1 om. P.
369
JOSEPHUS
TT7i^ ovatav, cucrre eV aTTacriv fi-qre TTCvlas raTretvorrjra <f)aLVodaL fJ^rjO^ vrrepoxrjv rrXovrov, twv 8*
123 dheXSols dnauLV ovaiav elvai. KrjXlSa S' iTToXafi^dvovGL rovXaioVy ko.v dXeLcbdfj rt? aKcou, ofxrjx^'^^
TO Gojfia' TO yap auxf-telv iv KaXoj TtdevraL,
X^vx^'-P'Ovelv re SuaTTavros . ;\;tpoTOVT7Tot 8' ol tojv
KOLvojv 77 LfjieXriTal Kal aiperoi} 7rpo9 aTrduTcuv Cj
ra? ;^petas' eKaaroi.
S70
371
JOSEPHUS
130 repLevos rrapayivovrai ro heLTTvqriqpLOV . kol KaOiodvrojv /xe^' -qavx^O-S o p.ev gltottolos eV rd^ei
TrapariBiqoi rovs dprovs, 6 Se pidyetpos V dyyelov
131 ^ ^^os ebeopLaros eKdorco Traparidrjoiv. rrpoKarevx^rai 3' o lepevs rijs rpo(f)rjs, Kal yevaaodal
" Cf. 148, " the rays of the God." How far the Essenes,
with their affinities to Judaism, can be regarded as sunuorshippers is doubtful. But, un-Jewish as this custom
372
, prayei
'' the sun,
373
JOSEPHUS
134 (6) Tojv fjiv ovv dXXojv ovK eoTLv 6 tl firj tCjv
iTTLfJLeXrjTcjv rrpoora^dvTOJV ivepyovoL, Svo 8e raura
77ap' auTots- airre^ovoia, iTTLKovpta /cat eAeoj*
^o'qOelv T yap tols agio's, OTTorav heojvTai, Kal
Kad^ iavrovs i(J)UraL Kal rpo(j>d<; aTropovfjLei'OLg
opeyetu. ra? Se el? rovg ovyyevel? pLGTahooet?
^ cm. Dindorf with one ms. : the incorrect reading irepi.iffTarai has probably caused the insertion of the pronoun.
of nature.
him their own rule of life, presenting him with a and oat
small hatchet,^ the loin-cloth already mentioned,^
(ed. 8), pp. 89 f. note, connectirig this passage with Anf. viii.
44 ff. (on Solomon's power over demons), regards the " writings " as Solomonian books and the Essenes as primarily
dealers in charms, rather than physicians.
129.
375
JOSEPHUS
KaBapojTcpojv rujv Trpo? ayveiav vharajv /LteraXafjL^dvei, TrapaAa/xjSaierat be els tol? avfi^LajGetg
ovheTTOj. fiera yap rrjv ry^g Kapreplag eViSei^u'
SvoLU dXXoig ereaiv to TjOos SoKLfidlerai Kal <f)avLg
140 ayojVLeloOaL Tots" SiKatot?" to ttlgtov del irdoLV irape^etv, fidXiGTa he TOt? KparovGLV ov yap hi^^a deov
TTepiyeveoOai^ tlvI to dp\eLV' Kav auTos" dpxrj,
[jirjheoTe e^v^pLGew els ttjv e^ovotav, pnqh^ eGdrJTL
7] TLVL rrXeiovi KOGfico Tov? VTTOTeTayfjLevovg virep-
S76
for ever hate the unjust and fight the battle of the
just ; that he will for ever keep faith with all men,
especially with the powers that be, since no ruler
attains his office save by the will of God ; " that,
should he himself bear rule, he will never abuse his
authority nor, either in dress or by other outward
marks of superiority, outshine his subjects ; to be
for ever a lover of truth and to expose liars ; to keep
his hands from stealing and his soul pure from unholy
gain ; to conceal nothing from the members of the
sect and to report none of their secrets to others,
even though tortured to death. He swears, moreover, to transmit their rules exactly as he himself
received them ; to abstain from robbery ; and in
like manner carefully to preserve the books of the
sect and the names of the angels.^ Such are the
oaths by which they secure their proselytes.
" Reinach compares A. xv. 374, where the Essene Menahem says to Herod : " You will reign, for God has deemed
you worthy." Cf. also Rom. xiii. 1.
377
JOSEPHUS
146 rt? et? Tovrov , KoXdterai Bavdrco. rots' Se rtpeo^vrepoLS VTraKovELU Kal rol? TrXeloGLV eV KaXoj
149 rov deoVy BaKevovGiv els avrov. eTretra ttjv dvopvxBeloav yrjv e(j>eXKOVGiv els tov ^oBpov Kal
that they may not offend the rays of the deity ,'^ sit
" 137.
379
JOSEPHUS
152 ddavaGia<i dfxelvova. hirjXey^ev he avTow ev drraGiv tolS ijjv^ds 6 TTpos 'PajfxaLOVS TToXefios, ev co
crpe^XovjjLevoL re Kal XvyLCofjievoi, Kai6p,evoL t
Kal KXcofxevoL Kal 8td Trdvrojv obevovre? rojv jSacraVLGT-qpiojv opydvojVy Iv" rj ^XaG({)'qfj,rjGcoGLV rov
vopLoQenqv r) ^dycuGiv ri rcvv dGvvrjdojv, ovherepov
VTTefjLeivav rtaOelv, dXX ovhe KoXaKevGai TTore tovs
their discipline, into four grades ; ^ and so far are the l^s^senes.
junior members inferior to the seniors, that a senior
(11) For it is a fixed belief of theirs that the body is Their bei
corruptible and its constituent matter impermanent, immortal
of the so
381
J05EPHUS
fiovifiov avra)V, ra? he i/fu^a? dOauaToug del 8iafieveiv, Kal oviiTrXeKeodai fiev e/c rou XeTTToraTCV
(potTcuCTa? aidepo^ ojorrep elpKralg roc? ocufxaaiv
383
JOSEPHUS
(12) There are some among them who profess to Their gif
foretell the future, being versed from their early P'"p'^^
years in holy books, various forms of purification and
apophthegms of prophets ; and seldom, if ever, do
marry cut off the chief function of hfe, the propagation of the race, and, what is more, that, were all to
adopt the same view, the whole race would very
quickly die out. They give their wives, however, a
three years' probation, and only marry them after
^ The text can hardly be right ; the Lat. has " constanti
purgatione."
VOL. II o g85
JOSEPHUS
1^01^ CtTTCtr.
167 (ix. j) Trjg ^Apx^Xdou 8* iOvapx'i-^'^ fxera7T00vori<; ei? Inapxiav ol Xolttol, OiAitttto^ Kal
*Hpa>8T79 o KXr)6el<i ' Ai^Tias", Slcokoup Td<; eaurcov
TeTpapxias' SaAoj/xr^ yap TeXeurojoa 'louAta rfj
70V ^e^aoTov yvvaLKl Tqv t auTT^? roTrapx^iau
Kal ^Xdpveiav Kal tov^ eV ^aoar^Xihi. (fyoLviKoJuas
IQS KareXiTTev. pLera^aGi^g be ls Tt/Se'ptoi^ toi' '\ouAi'a? VLOi' Tr]<; ' Pojixaiajv r)yfJLOi'La<; perd rrji/
AvyovoTov TeXevT-qv, d({)rjyqoapei^'ou tojv rrpay-
386
philosophical schools.
387
JOSEPHUS
Livia {A. xviii. 27) ; other writers call it Livias and that,
rather than Julias, was probably the name given by the
founder.
389
J05EPHUS
390
was brought from a distance of 400 furlongs. Indignant at this proceeding, the populace formed a
ring round the tribunal of Pilate, then on a visit to
Jerusalem, and besieged him with angry clamour.
He, foreseeing the tumult, had interspersed among
the crowd a troop of his soldiers, armed but disguised
in civilian dress, with orders not to use their swords,
but to beat any rioters with cudgels. He now from
" Cf. Matt, xxvii. 6, tov Kop^avav {v.l. KopjSwi/di') = " the
sacred treasury," the only parallel for this use of the word.
Corhan =" devoted," " taboo " {cf. Ap. \. 167).
391
JOSEPHUS
1"8 (5) Kai^ TOVTU) Kariqyopos 'HpcuSou rod reTpap\ovvros 'AyptVTra? fio? 'AptarojSouAou, ov
6 Ttarrip 'WpojhrjS dulKreivev , Trapayiverai rrpos
Tt/Septov. Tov he jxr) Trpoode^afieuov r-qv Kar-qyopiav fievcov eVt 'Pcofirj? rov? re dXXov? tujv
yvcvpifxcDV idepdrrevev Kal fjidXcGra tow TepiJ,avLKOv
" i. 551.
J. WAR, II. 177-181 (c/. ANT. xviii 62, 126, 166 flF , 237)
king.
f A.D. 38-39.
VOL. II o2 393
JOSEPHUS
183 KLi'ou SioTOLoeLev .K rTpdpxov; TOUTOt? dvaTTeiodel? 'HptuSv]? rjKi' Trpog Vdiov, vcj)^ ov rrjs
TrXeove^ia^ It: lt Lp.d7 ai (f)vyfj et? ^Traviau^- rjKOXovdrjoev yap ainco Kar-qyopos *Aypt777ras", o) Kal
rrjv rerpapxiau ttjv Iklvov TrpoaedriKeu Fdiog.
Kal 'HpojSrjg pLv iv ^Travia cru[jL(i)vyovGr]^ avrco
Kal rrj<i yvvaiKog reXevra.
1S4 (x. 1) rdLO<^ Se Kataap errl roaovrov i^v^ptoev ft? TT^v fu-)(riv, cjore deou iavrov Kal hoKelv^
^ovXeodai Kal KaXelodai, rcov re evyeveordrajv
dvhpujv aKpoTopLTjoai rr^v TTarplba, eKTelvat he rrfv
186 e^avhpartohioaoOai. deep S' dpa row rrpoaraypidrojv epieXev. Kal WerpojVLOS p.ei' ovu rpiol
rdypiaoL Kal ttoXXoIs k rijg Hvpla? ovjiiLdxaLS els j
187 rrjv ^\ovhaLav rjXavvev k r'Pjs 'AvrioYeia?, loi>OaLOJV be ot p.ev rjTTiorovv errl rals rod noXepiOV
^ Kal doKeif Niese: 5oKui' Kal PA.M Exc. : Kal Sokuu Kal the
rest.
the envy and ambition of Herod the tetrarch. But it The end
was above all his wife Herodias who instigated the ot Herod
tetrarch to aspire to a throne ; she reproached him Aniipas.
for his indolence and told him that it was only his
reluctance to set sail and wait upon Caesar which
kept him out of promotion. " Now that he has made
a king of Agrippa, a mere commoner, '* she said,
** surely he could not hesitate to confer the same title
on a tetrarch." Yielding *to these solicitations,
Herod presented himself to Gains, who punished him
for his cupidity by banishing him to Spain." For an
accuser had followed him in the person of Agrippa,^
1 . , , 1 . IT . r Petromu
leniai
395
JOSEPHUS
158 (2) rioAt? 5' eoTTti/ a?rn7 ttJ? FaAiAaia? TrapdXio^; Kara, to m^V^ TreStoi^ iKnafievr], Trepiex^raL
be opeoLV iK fiev rod Ttpos dvaroXrjV KXifxaro? dno
07ahi<jL>v i^TjKOVTa roj rrj? VaXiXala?, drro be
Tov ixeurjiJi^pLUoO toj Kap/xr/Aoj Stexouri OTaSiov^
Ikotov lko(7l, TO) 8' vipr^XoTara) xa-r' dpKrou, o
191 Xov Trdaav evOecos pLeTa^dXXovrog elg veXov. 6auliaoLOJTepov 8ej' tovtov p.0L hoKel to rrfv vrrepX^deloav veXov eV tou tottou rrdXtv ibdixpiov yiveoOaL eLKaiav. to p.ev ovv ;(ajptov tovto TotavTrjV
elX-qx^v (f)VGLV.
396
in to this spot and empty the basin of its sand, whereupon it is filled up again by the action of the winds,
which, as if by design, drift into it the common sand
outside, the latter being all promptly converted by
this mine into vitreous matter. But the phenomenon
which, to my mind, is even more remarkable, is that
the excess particles of glass which overflow from the
cavity become ordinary sand as before. Such are the
curious properties of this spot.
397
JOSEPHUS
194 i(j)aLvev dyfajfiova' 7rdvTa)V yap tojv vTTorerayp.vojv idvayv Kara ttoXlv ovyKaOiSpuKorcDV rots
dAAot? deoLS Kal ra? Kaioapog elKovas, ro fjLOvovg
KLwoug dvTirdoueoBaL Ttpos rovro ox^hov d<f)Lorafievafv eli'ac Kal /xe^' v^peojg.
]9~ " TToXepLTjoere ," eiTrev, " dpa Kaioapt;" Kal 'louSatot TTtpt pLu Kaloapos Kal rov h-qp-ou row
'Pa>p.aLojv 6lg rr^s rjp.epa'; dveiv <f)aGav, t he
^ovXerat rd? eLKOvas eyKaOihpveLv, nporepov avrdv
he'iv dvav rd ^Xovhaiujv edvos -npoBvoaaOai'
TrapexeLv he o(j)ds avrov? eroipLovg els rr]v a<l)ayr]V
S98
" Cf. Ap. ii. 77 with note. From the present passage we
may infer that the daily sacrifice for the Emperor was offered
partly at the morning, partly at the evening service.
^99
JOSEPHUS
203 ravraLS Tat? eTricroXals ov 0(i>6hpa pLerpiajs qpteypaijjev d Vdios, QTreiAoJi/ Werpojvlo) Bdvarov, on
rdjv vpcGraypidroju avrou ^padv? VTTrjperr)? eylvero} dXXd rov? pev rovroju ypaix^aro(f)dpov<;
oive^q )(eiiJ.aodr,uaL rpeU pTjUas ev rfj ^aAdacjTy,
400
401
JOSEPHUS
J. WAR, II. 203-207 {cf. ANT. xviii. 308, xix. 201, 236 ff.)
V, / , , ' . - , . o rf CLAUDIUS,
403
JOSEPHUS
210 ^ovXoLTo. Selv jievroL 7Tpoa7ToheL\0rjvai toj ttoXefxcp xcxjpiov e^oj ttj? voXecj?' ov yap oglov hid
TTju avTojv KaKO^ovXiav 6pL0({)vXa) (f)6i>cp pLLaiveodai
TQ repLevrj ttj? Trarpiho?. 6 p-kv ovv ct/<:ouaas
ravra rot? ^ovXevral? dTTViyyeiXev .
211 fi) Mera^ti he rcou /ierd rrjg GvyKXrjTOV GTpanojTcov ns GTraodpLevo? to ^i^o? " dvhpe?,'
e^orjGev, " GVorpanajTai, Tt TraOoure? dheX(j)0KTOvelv ^ouX6p.e6a Kai Kara rcoi^ p-erd \\Xavhioi
ouyyevojv 6pp.dv, e^ovre? p.ev avroKpdropa p.rjhei
p.p.(f)6rji>aL hvidfievou, rooavra he rd StVaia 77p6
* Or, with the other reading, " had sworn fidelity to him.'
404
405
JOSEPHUS
GvyKXrjTOV elg to GTpaTOTrehov Kal (f)LXo(f)poviiGdptevog ^ili^i- ^^v avTolg aurtVa Ovgow tco deep
406
" B. i. 398.
407
JOSEPHUS
J.WAR,II.217-221(c/A.xix. 277,326,343ff.,xx.l00fF.)
who was at once the ^tu er and, by his marriage with and his
Bernice, the son-in-law of Agrippa,'^ with the kingdom ^Trod^^k
ofChalcis. ol Cha'lci
c. A.D. 44-45.
409
JOSEPHUS
135).
I A f A A . Chalcis.
I r. I I I I 1 ^'^ Passov
411
JOSEPHUS
* PAM Lfit. (Ens.): rot-s m' ,'^1'" J the rest : duo u-vpLddes A. \\.
om. M Lat. ^ p^^ L^t. : 656*' the rest.
'' The two Bethhorons (Upper and Lower), some ten anc
twelve miles respectively north-west of Jerusalem, on th
412
413
JOSEPHUS
" Ginae {A . xx. US), Ginaea {B. iii. 48), where it is namec
414-
p o /^ 1 1 Jews and
415
JOSEPHUS
240 y^ajpav Tj^iovv Xa^eiv. Trapovreg he Kal ol yvcopijioi Ttov ^\ovhaLa>v Kal 6 dpxt^pevg 'lojya^ry?
vlos ^Avdvov Kardp^at fiev eXeyov rrj? TapaxqHafiapeag hid rov (f)6i'OV, atrLOV he rcJjv dTTO^e^-q
KGTOjv Kof/xavoi^ yeyovivai, prj OeX-qcravra rod*:
avdevra? rov o<^ayev7os eTte^eXBeZv.
Lat. ala.
416
JOSEPHUS
242 dvearavpcxjaev Travras. eKelOev els AuSSa irapayv6fJLvo<; ttolXlu Sli]kovgv rujv Sa/xapetov', kol
fieraTTepufjoLfievog OKrajKaideKa tojv ^lovhaLotv, ovs
i7T7Tvoro pLeTa\r]K.vaL ttjs fidx'T)?, TreXeKei 8t-
41 S
-, ^ 1 . . T T , . banishes
(8) After this Claudius sent out Felix, the brother Feiijc,
4>19
JOSEPHUS
XaAK"i8os" ^AypLTTTrav els iieil^ova jSacrtAfiav /LteraTidrjGLV, Sous' avro) r-qv re ^lXLttttov yvoiJievr]v
eTjapxiaVy avrrj 8' tjv Tpa^oj^lng /cat Barai'ea Kal
TavXavLTLg, TrpoaedrjKev 8e ri'-jv re Avoaviov /3aatAetav /cat tt^p' Ovdpou yevoixivqv rerpap^iav
248 auTos" 8e Stot/crjcras' tt^v "qyepioviav ereau rptaKaiSeKa, rrpos Se p^-qolv o/ctco /cat et/cocrti^ -qfiepac?
reXevra KaraXiTTOjv ^epojua rrj? otpxV'^ StdSoxoi^
421
JOSEPHUS
(3) But while the country was thus cleared of these Rise of th(
pests, a new species of banditti was springing up in ' ^^*^"'
Jerusalem, the so-called sicarii,'^ who committed
murders in broad daylight in the heart of the city.
423
JOSEPHUS
Cf. Matt. xxiv. 24 ff. " There shall arise . . . falsf "i
424
prophets and shall show great signs . . . they shall say unto
you, Behold he is in the wilderness." Theudas was an
earlier impostor of this type, and met with a similar fate,
A. XX. 97.
VOL. II p 2 4-25
JOSEPHUS
266 (7) 'Erepa 8e rapaxrj ovvioTarai rrepl Kataapeiav Twv dvapLeptypevcov 'Ioi;8atajv Trpos Toug iv
avrfj Svpous" oraaLaadvTojv . ol p-ev yap rj^iovv
o4>erpav elvai, rrjv ttoXlv 'loySatov yeyoveVat rov
KTLGTrjv avrrjS Xeyovres' tjv he 'Wpajh-qs 6 jSaatAeu?
ol be erepoL rov OLKtarrjv p.ev TTpoaajfioXoyovv
'louSatov, avTT]v p.evroL ye tt]v ttoXlv 'KXXrjuatv
e4>aoav ov yap dv dvSpidvras Kal vaovg iyKad-
:he Jewish origin of its second founder, but main:ained that the city itself belonged to the Greeks,
dnce Herod would never have erected the statues
md temples which he placed there had he destined
t for Jews.^ Such were the points at issue between
:he two parties, and the quarrel eventually led to an
ippeal to arms. Every day the more venturesome
n either camp w^ould rush into combat ; for the older
nembers of the Jewish community were incapable
427
JOSEPH us
269 eroLfjLOL. rolg ye iirjv irrdpxoLS (jipovrls rfv dvaoreXXeiv rrju rapaxrjv Kal tous" pLaxipLiorepovs del
ovXXapi^dvovTes eKoXatov fidari^L Kal Secr/Ltot?. ov
IJLTjv TO, Trddrj rcov ovXAafi^auofievcov iueTToiet rols
KaraXeLTrofxevoLS dvaKorr-qv rj Seog, dAA' ert fxaXXov
J. WAR, II. 268 273 {cf. ant. xx. 176-188, 197, 215)
J 4. 4- ^ 4- J 4- V, ^'^' 60-62.
own the sicarii, though he ends, on hearing of his superession, by opening the prisons and thus filling the country
ith brigands.
429
JOSEPHUS
o fLT) Sou? Toi? beGfJLOjrrjpiOLS cLs Trovrjpo? iyKar274 eXeiTTero. rrjviKavra /cat roji^ veajrepit^eiv ^ovXoIJLva>v eV 'lepoGoXvfjiOLg idapG-qaav at roAjitat, /cat
Xprjp-CLcrLV jiev ol hwarol tov WX^lvov TTpoaeXdfi^avov <l>ur rov OTaoLal^eiv avrois Trapi^eiv aSetav,
TOV hrjixoTLKOV 8e TO fJiT] )(^aZpov -qavxta TTpog rovg
21. i 'AA^iVof KOLVojvov? OTre'/cAti^ei'. e/caaro? 8e tojv'
TTOVTjpojv Xhiov otI<J)os V7Tel,(jjopivos avTOs /xev
ojOTTep apx^X-Qorris rj Tvpavvo<; Tipoavelxev k tov
Xoxov, ToZs hopv^opovGL hk TTpog apTtayas roiv
216 fjLeTpLOJV Karexp'TJ'^o . crvve^awev 8e tov? fiev d(f)rip-qp.ivovs vrrep tSv ayava/cTeti^ ^XPW OLUjTtdv,
Tovs drrXriyas he, Seet rov fx-q rd avrd 77a^ety,
Kal KoXaKVLv rov d^Lov KoXdaecog. KadoXov 8e
77 fjLV TTapprjoia Trdvrojv TrepiKeKorrTO, rvpavvl? 8'
qv 8ta TrXetoi'ajv, Kal rd ortepixara rrjg jjieXXova-qg
dXtoocos KTore rfj TToAet Kare^aAAcTo.
431
JOSEPHUS
282 etV 'AyTto;(etav'. 7rpoe7Tef.L7Te 8* avrov piexpi \\aioapeias 0/\a>po? e^airarajv Kal TToXepLov rjht] ro)
edvei GKOTTOvpievos, dj piovcp GvyKpvipeiv rds eavrov
432
Rome.
433
JOSEPHUS
TT^S" Kpioecog iKOjJLLGav ypd/JLiiara, Kal rrpooeXdfJi^avev rrjv dpx'')^ o TToAe/xo? ScuSeKaTOj jjLev
TL rrjs ^epcovo? 'qyeyiovias , iTrraKaS^KaTw he
^ np0(7U'K060lJ.il VFiC.
435
JOSEPHUS
293 (6) Ylpos TOVTO TOJV ev ']epoooXvpLOLS dyavdKTTjOis rjVf en fievTOL tovs dvfiovs KaTeZxov. 6 he
OAcupos" aioTTep r]pyoXa^rjK<jJS eKpnTil,eiv tov ttoAcixov, TTemljas irrl rov lepov d-qaavpov e^aipel
heKae-nrd TaXavra, OKrupdpLevos ^Is rds Kalaapos
4.S6
287.
437
.T05EPHUS
298 a^at rrapeoKevdoaTo . /cd/ceti/o? 77po77e/x(/fa? ctui^ tVTievoLV 7TVTrjKOUTa KaTTLTcova eKaTOVTdpxTju duaXojpelv avTovs eKeXevoev, /cat /x-)) 77p6? op" outojs
iXoiSoprioav aia;(pais" elpcoueveaOaL to? i^uv (f)LXo'
^ dnTjToiv PA.M.
438
439
JOSEPHUS
dcjjLevo? Ka6ei,TaL, Kal TrpooeXdovres ol re o.p\Lepel? Kal hvuarol to re yva)pip,ojTarov rrjg TToAeo)?^
302 TTapioTTjoav rep ^rjiiaTL. tovtols 6 OAajpo? /<AeuCTev Tovs Xoihopi^aavr as ainov eVSowat, ^a/xvo? a-UTovg aTToXa-uaeLV rrjs dpLVvrjs, el jjltj irpodyoiev rovg alrLov?. ol 8e rov fiev SrjpLOv d7T(f}r]vav^
elp-qvLKa. (f)povovvTa, roZs he Trapacfydey^apevois
303 fjTovvro avyyvcop.riv ev yap rouovr oj TrXrjdei davpLaoTov pev ovhev eivai rii^a? Opaavrepoug Kal 8t*
riXiKLav d(f>pova?, dpLrj^ai^ov 8e tcuv rjpLaprrjKorajv
TTjv hidKpiOLv eKaorov pLerauoovvTog Kal Seei* d
(8) Florus lodged at the palace, and on the following day had a tribunal placed in front of the building
and took his seat ; the chief priests, the nobles, and
the most eminent citizens then presented themselves
before the tribunal. Florus ordered them to hand
over the men who had insulted him, declaring that
they themselves would feel his vengeance if they
failed to produce the culprits. The leaders, in reply,
declared that the people were peaceably disposed
and implored pardon for the individuals who had
441
JOSEPHUS
308 Kooiovs ovvrj-)(dri. ^apvrepav re IttoUl ttjv ovp.<f)opdv TO KaLvov TTJg 'PcD/iatcuy ajp-orriTos' o yap
fjL-qbels Trporepov rore OAcupo? iroXpLrjuev, dvhpas
LTTTTLKov rdypbaros piaariycoaaL re Trpo rov ^qp.aros
Kal aravpo) TTpoG-qXajoai, (Lv el Kal to yevos 'louhalov^ dXXd yovv rd d^lojpLa 'Pwpia'CKOv rjv.
309 (xv. 1) Kara rovrov rov Kaipov 6 i^iev ^aGiXevs WypLTTTTas ervx^v elg rrjv WXe^dvhpeiav
442
443
JOSEPHUS
315 {"2) Tavra fXV ovv e^KaLheKarrj fx-qvo? 'AprefxiOLOV GUvrjvexOrj, rfj 8* imovGrj ro fxev ttXtjOo?
V7Tp7Tad7]Gav 61? rrjv dvoj Gweppevoev dyopdv kol
jSoat? i^acGLOLg rrepl rwv drroXcoXorajv dvcohvpero'
ro rrXiov 8e -qGav els rov ^Xojpov i7TL(f)dovoi (f>ojvai.
317 eTTeiodr) he ro ttXtjOos ra\eojs alhoZ re row vapaKaXo-6vra>v Kal Kar^ eXTtiha rov fjLrjhev en rov
^Xcjpov els avrovs TrapavofxriGeiv .
" A Nazirite vow, c/. Acts xxi. 2S-26. Thirty days was
444
they would have killed her also, had she not hastened
to seek refuge in the palace, where she passed the
night surrounded by guards, dreading an attack of
the troops. She was visiting Jerusalem to discharge
a vow to God ; for it is customary for those suffering
from illness or other affliction to make a vow to abstain from wine and to shave their heads during the
thirty days preceding that on which they must offer
sacrifices." These rites Bernice was then undergoing,
and she would come barefoot before the tribunal and
make supplication to Florus, without any respect
quoted by Schiirer).
445
JOSEPHUS
321 (4.) "Kvda Sr] Ttds p-ev lepevg nd? 8' VTr-qpeTiq?
rod deov rd dyta OKevrf TrpoKopiLaavTe? /cat rov
KoopLOv, eV d) XeLTovpyelv edos tjv avTols, dvaXa^ovTes, KidapLGTai re /cat vpLVOjbol /xera tcl)V
opydvojv TTpoGeTn-TTTOv Kal KaTrjVTi^oXovif <f}vXd^aL
Tov lepov KOGpLov auTot? /cat pLrj npo? dpTrayrjv
446
wearing the robes in which they were wont to perform their priestly offices, the harpers also and the
choristers with their instruments, fell on their knees
and earnestly implored the people to preserve for
them these sacred ornaments, and not to provoke the
Romans to pillage the treasures of the house of God.
Even the chief priests might then have been seen
heaping dust upon their heads, their breasts bared,
their vestments rent. They appealed by name to
each of the notables individually and to the people
as a whole not, by offending in so trifling a matter,
to deliver up their country to those who were eager
to sack it. " After all," they asked, " what would
the troops profit by receiving a salute from the
Jews ? What reparation for past events would they
themselves obtain by now refusing to go out ? If,
on the contrary, they welcomed these new-comers
447
J05EPHUS
328 ''"'S" yvojpLpos rols l6lols KareXeLTrero. gvi^lgeTTLTTTov^ 8e /cat GrpaTLOjraL Traiovres dv4hr]v rou<
^ au'eiSai/xo^e?;' PAL.
2 Bekker: awein.vTov mss.
448
VOL. II Q 449
JOSEPHUS
" i.e. the cohort which Florus himself had brought into
the city ( -296) and which had sacked the Upper Market.
4,50
investigat
Florus leaves one of the two cohorts wiiich had just arrived thepositi
from Caesarea.
451
JOSEPHUS
45^
453
JOSEPHUS
(3) The Jewish populace now turning to the king The citiz
and the chief priests pressed them to send an embassy embassy
to Nero to denounce Florus, and not to remain silent ^^i^^after so frightful a massacre, thereby leaving the
Jews under the suspicion of revolt ; as they would be
^55
JOSEPHUS
" The meaning of irpos to irepav ttjs duu TroXewy is uncertain ; Reinach renders " et sa facade regardait les
terrains qui font vis-a-vis a la ville haute."
mainly open to the air, with " polished " flag-stones from
which it took its name. Its exact position is uncertain :
it seems to have lain on the lower slopes of the western hill
(the upper city) above the Tyropoeon valley, which separated
the west and the east hills, or (G. A. Smith) in the valley
itself. The palace of the Hasmonaeans was to the west of it,
higher up the western hill ; in this palace Agrippa I had jj^
456
(4) " Had I found you all bent on war with the Speech of
Romans, instead of seeing that the most honest and difsiSd^e t
single-minded members of the community are deter- Jews from
[iiined to preserve the peace, I should not have
presented myself before you, nor ventured to offer
idvice ; for any speech in support of the right policy
s thrown away when the audience unanimously
'avours the worse. But seeing that the stimulus to
vvar is for some of you mere youthfulness which lacks
experience of its horrors, for others an unreflecting
lope of regaining independence, for yet others
VOL. II Q 2 457
JOSEPHUS
350 opioiujs TO hovXeveiv. OKonelTe he Kal Kad* eKaOTov Tovrcov cog ecmv puKpd rod 7roXep,elv rj vttodeoLg, Kal TTpcord ye rd r<Zv eTTtTpoTTojv eyKXr]p,ara.
Beparreveiv ydp, ovk epeOit^eLV XPV ''"^^ e^ovoias'
351 OTay Se tcjv puKpujv dpLaprrj p,dr ojv rovg e^ovetSta/xoi)? TTOirjade fieydXovg, KaO^ eavTojv rovg
4.58
perliaps avarice and the prospect of enriching themselves at the expense of the weak in the event of a
general convulsion, I, in order to bring these misguided persons to reason and a better frame of mind,
and to prevent virtuous citizens from reaping the
consequences of the errors of a few, have thought it
my duty to call you all together and to tell you what
I conceive to be to your interest. If my remarks are
not to the liking of any of my audience, pray let him
not create a disturbance. For those who have irre-
" Now, I know that there are many who wax Your
eloquent on the insolence of the procurators and warfare
pronounce pompous panegyrics on liberty ; but, for mixed.
my part, before examining who you are and who are
this people whom you are undertaking to fight, I
would first consider apart two distinct pretexts for
hostilities which have been confused. For, if your
abject is to have your revenge for injustice, what
good is it to extol liberty ? If, on the other hand,
it is servitude which you find intolerable, to complain
af your rulers is superfluous ; were they the most
;onsiderate of men, servitude would be equally
disgraceful.
459
JOSEPHUS
460
" Passing to your present passion for liberty, I say oi) Your
that it comes too late. The time is past when you Pf(fe'(5
ought to have striven never to lose it. For servitude ence is
is a painful experience and a struggle to avoid it once ^^^^*^^*^'
for all is just ; but the man who having once accepted
the yoke then tries to cast it off is a contumacious
slave, not a lover of liberty. There was, to be sure,
a time when you should have strained every nerve to
keep out the Romans ; that was when Pompey
invaded this country. But our forefathers and their
461
JOSEPHUS
3G1 TTpoGKVvovow. dXXa re edvr] /xupta TrXelouos ye[lovra Trpd? iXevdeplav Trapprjola? lkl. (jlovol 8*
I'/xet? dho^elre hovXevecv ols vnoreraKrai rd rrdvra;
462
463
JOSEPHUS
464
" ' It is hard to serve,' you will tell me. How other
much harder for Greeks who, though noblest of all besides
races under the sun and occupants of so vast a ^J^^'^ ^
465
JOSEPHUS
heaTTorrjs, vvi^ 8e rpiGX^-Xioig orrXiraig vrroraooerai, Kal reooapaKOvra vrj? jiaKpal rr^v Trplv
467
JOSEPHUS
(TlXXf|. MSS.
" But if there is one people above all others which (/<) Gaiu
should be tempted by its grand opportunities to raise
the standard of revolt, it is surely the Gauls with their
magnificent natural ramparts, on the east the Alps,
on the north the river Rhine, on the south the chain
of the Pyrenees, on the west the ocean. But, though
encompassed by such formidable barriers, though
swarming with a population of three hundred and
five nations,^ possessing, so to say, in their native
soil the springs of prosperity and irrigating well-nigh
the whole world with the overflow of their products,
the Gauls are yet content to be treated as a source
of revenue to the Romans and to have their own
prosperous fortune meted out to them at their hands.
" More than 800 cities "(App. Celt. i. 2; Plut. Caes. 15),
469
JOSEPHUS
375 dpnTOJTLV indycov, aAA' vrrep to.? 'HpaKrAetou? gt^Xas eKreivavres to. orrXa Kal 8ta vecfxZu oSevaavreg rd Yivp-qvala^ opr), Kal rovrov^ iSouXd)aavro 'Pto/xatof (j)poupd 5' ripKeoev rojv our cos
hvopid-x^cxiv Kal TOOOVTov dTTcoKLGfJbevcov V rdyfia.
ixJKeavop Kal rrjS Kad^ rjp^dg OLKOvp.evrjs ovk eXdGoova vrJGOv OLKOVvras irXevGavres ehovXajGavro
^PajfiaLOL, reGGapa be Tciy/xara rrji' roGavrrjv
^ Uvp-ni>iit}u PAM.
ebb and flow of whose tides terrifies the very inhabitants, none of these sufficed in their struggle for
independence ; no, the Romans carrying their arms
beyond the Pillars of Hercules, traversing through
clouds the mountains of the Pyrenees, have reduced
even them to servitude ; to guard this nation of
fighters, so stubborn, so remote, a single legion now
suffices." W^hich of you has not heard tell of the
horde of Germans ? Nay, you have surely often seen o)Qerma
their stalwart and burly figures, for the Romans have
captives from that nation everywhere. This people
occupies an immense country, their hearts are even
greater than their stature, their souls disdainful of
death, their rage fiercer than that of the most savage
of beasts ; yet the Rhine sets a bound to their impetuosity and, tamed by eight Roman legions,^ the
captured are reduced to slavery, while the rest of the
nation has found safety in flight. Again, consider
what a wall of defence had the Britons, you who put ^) Britai
your trust in the walls of Jerusalem : the ocean
surrounds them, they inhabit an island no less in
extent than the part of the world in which we live ; ^
yet the Romans crossed the sea and enslaved them,
and four legions <^ now secure that vast island. But
471
JOSEPHUS
380 Xevovaav rrjv Atto rrj? dvaroXrj? evyeveiav. rrdvrojv St] gx^Sov tojv vcf)^ -qXico rd 'PcjOfiaioju orrXa
1 ora. PAL.
" Thus, when almost every nation under the sun (i)
does homage to the Roman arms, are you alone to ^^J^^^^s^defy them, regardless of the fate of the Carthaginians, and the
who, for all their pride in the great Hannibal and in Amc^^^^
the nobility of their Phoenician descent, fell beneath
" But why seek so far afield for proofs of the power (n) Egyp
f Rome, when I can find them at your very door, in audrial'^''
^ Africa,
473
JOSEPHUS
387 TTorafjLol? t) eXeuLV. dAA* ovSev rovrcov lax^porepov evpeOrj rrjs 'PojfJbaiojv rvxr)S, 8uo S' iyKaO-
" What allies then do you expect for this war ? You cann
Will you recruit them from the uninhabited wilds ? f^m^Jew
** The corn for the capital for the other eight months of the
year being furnished bv Africa ( 383).
' These in a.d. 69 were III and XXII (Tac. Hist, v. I);
under Augustus there had been a third legion, Mommsen,
Provinces, ii. 273.
475
JOSEPHUS
^ovXvaaiievoLS KaKco? 6 Yidpdog iTTLTpeipec rrpovoia yap avrw ttjs rrpog *Pco/xatou? iKexeipias,
Kal 7Tapa^aLi'LV olrjueraL ra? aTTorSas", av tls riov
39<:' utt' avrov cttl 'PajpLatov? tr). Xolttou ovv iirl Tqv
rod Oeov GvpipLa)(iav Kara(i)VKreoi'. dXXa /cat
rovTO Trapd 'PajpLalots r era Krai' hlxo. yap deov
391 Gvurrjvai r-qXiKavr-qv -qyepLOviav dhvvarov. gkipaade S' w? vpilv ro rrjg dp-qaKeta? aKparov, ei
Kal TTpog evx^i-pcj^Tov? TToXeiioLrjre, SvahiOLK-qTOV,
Kal 8t' a pLaXXov rov Beov iX-iCere avfifiaxov,
Tairr' dvayKaLopLevoi -rrapa^aiveLV aTTOGrpeipere.
" The only refuge, then, left to you is divine assistance. But even this is ranged on the side of the ooV'^who
Romans, for, without God's aid, so vast an empire on the sic
could never have been built up. Consider, too, the " "
difficulty of preserving your religious rules from contamination, even were you engaging a less formidable Jg"Jjon
foe ; and how, if compelled to transgress the very wiifham]
principles on which you chiefly build your hopes of^^*^'""
God's assistance, you will alienate Him from you.
If you observe your sabbath customs and refuse to
take any action on that day, you will undoubtedly be
easily defeated, as were your forefathers by Pompey,
who pressed the siege most vigorously on the days
when the besieged remained inactive ; " if, on the
contrary, you transgress the law of your ancestors,
I fail to see what further object you will have for
hostilities, since your one aim is to preserve inviolate
all the institutions of your fathers. How could you
invoke the aid of the Deity, after deliberately
omitting to pay Him the service which you owe Him ?
477
JOSEPHUS
399 p-rj pLotpav rjperepav exojv. ovg dvavra? TroXepir]odvrojv vpdjv KaraG(f)d^ovGiv ol hidcjyopoL, Kal 8t'
oXiyuiv dvhpcjv KaKO^ovXlav iraGa TTXrjGdrjGerai^
ttoXls 'lofSat/coO (f)6vov. Kal GvyyvcopLT] pkv rols
rovro TTpd^aGLV dv he pLTj TrpaxOi], XoyLGaaOe ttcos
TTpds ovruj <f)LXavdpa)7TOV'i orrXa kluelu dvoGLOV.
^ TrepiGKiTTTecrdai. P,
478
6ia
" There may be some who imagine that the war will Do not loo
3e fought under special terms, and that the Romans, hJve^p^ty
vhen victorious, will treat you with consideration ; your race,
m the contrary, to make you an example to the rest and'your
)f the nations, they will burn the holy city to the Temple.
ground and exterminate your race. Even the survivors will find no place of refuge, since all the peoples
jf the earth either have, or dread the thought of
" Or, with the other reading, " put out from harbour into
e midst of the hurricane."
" C/. Ap, ii. 282. Or " treasures."
4.79
JOSEPHUS
402 (5) Toaavra elrrajv irreSdKpvaev re \ierd tt]ddeXchrjg Kal ttoXv rrjg opixrjg avrcov erravaev roh
Sa/cpuot?. dve^oojv Se ov *Pcc>/xatot?, dAAd OAojpo
480
cry out that they were not takmg up arms against porticoes
the Romans, but against Florus, because of all
the wrong that he had done them. To this king
Agrippa replied : " But your actions are already acts
of war against Rome : you have not paid your tribute
to Caesar, and you have cut down the porticoes
communicating with Antonia If you wish to clear
yourselves of the charge of insurrection, re-establish
the porticoes and pay the tax ; for assuredly the
fortress does not belong to Florus, and it is not Florus
to whom your money will go."
VOL, II R 481
JOSEPHUS
^aoiXeiav .
482
483
JOSEPHUS
411 (3) T.vveXdoureg yovu'^ ol hvvarol roU d.pxlepevGLV et? Tavro Kal toI^ tojv Oapiaai'oji'
yvajpLpiOL? COS" 77* dvrjKeoTOis -qbi^ ovix(f)opalg
e^ovXevovro TTCpl tlov oXcdv Kal ho^av drroTreLpadrjuai Tcbu oTaoLaorcou Xoyoig, rrpo rrjs xaXKrj^
7TvXr]<; ddpoilovGL Tov hijixov, rjTLs riv rod evhov
the east of the women's court and identical with " the
Beautiful gate " of Acts iii. 2 and " Nicanor's gate " of the
Mishna.
485
JOSEPHUS
417 (4-) "A^a ravra Xeyovres Traprjyou rous e/xTTeipovs Tojv TTarpiujv tepet?, a^r^you/xeVou? ort
421 TJoXepiOv ovhev drreKpivaro rol<^ irpeG^evrais' AypirrTTQb he K-qhopievog eTTLGiqg rd)u re d(f>LGrapi.ev(j)v
Kal -pog ovs d TToAe/xo? -qyeipero, ^ovXopevos re
486
" Saul and Costobar were brothers who, after the defeat
of Cestius, made a timely exit from .Terusalem ; Antipas,
who remained, was slain by the insurgents {B. ii. 556 f., iv.
140).
487
JOSEPHUS
not lose the Jews nor the Jews their Temple and
mother city, conscious, moreover, that he had nothing
to gain from this disorder, dispatched to the aid of
the citizens two thousand liorse from Auranitis,
Batanaea, and Trachonitis, under Darius, as cavalry
commander, and Philip,* son of Jacimus, as general.
ing men, the chief priests and all the people who pro-Romi
were in favour of peace occupied the upper city ; for ^"*^ ^'^^ ,
the lower city and the Temple were in the hands of
(6) The eighth day was the feast of wood-carrying, The rebel
when it was customary for all to brina: wood for the |';>i"^*? ^'i*
yoL. II R 2 489
JOSEPHUS
of fuel for the flames, which are kept always burning.'* capture
The .lews in the Temple excluded their opponents an(?^Du"r'r
from this ceremony, but along with some feebler folk tiiearcm
numbers of the sicarii so they called the brigands ^.d. 66.''
who carried a dagger in their bosom forced their
way in ; these they enlisted in their service and
pressed their attacks more boldly than before. The
royalists, now outmatched in numbers and audacity,
were forced to evacuate the upper city. The victors
burst in and set fire to the house of Ananias the highpriest and to the palaces of Agrippa and Bernice ^ ;
they next carried their combustibles to the public
archives,'' eager to destroy the money-lenders' bonds
and to prevent the recovery of debts, in order to win
over a host of grateful debtors and to cause a rising
of the poor against the rich, sure of impunity. The
491
JOSEPHUS
492
493
JOSEPHUS
i'S9 ^auov, 77po? TO) firihe TTLGrevetu. el biholro. KaraXl7t6vt<; br) ro arparoTredou cjg evdXojrov irtl
TOi)? ^aaiXiKOvs dvl<^vyov m'pyovg, tov t 'Itt7TLKOU KaXovfievov Kal ^aadr^Xou Kal WapidfJifir^v .
494
495
JOSEPHUS
442^17 '''I? TOfi^ GTpn.riojTf7)u 8ta(/)j;yot .' tou o Maj^ary/xou t) t rtot' d;^jjpo>t' KcnafjTpofj)-}) ^o>pta>p
Kat o Toi; ap)(ipeoj^ ^ \vavLov Odvaro<; eTV(j)fjL>oV
19 copLor-qra, Kal fiiqheva vopLil^cov )(eLU 7TL rot?
447 Kpv7TTOpLPa>u. Kal bLGco6r)Gav oXiyoL Xddpa 8iahpdvTs et? Waadhav, gvv olg 'EAea^apo? uto?
Maetpou, TTpoGrjKcou tw MavarjpLOj Kara yevoSy
496
" B. vii. 275 ff. The siege of Masada ended the war in
Palestine.
497
JOSEPHUS
450 di'r]prjKeGau. dfieXei ttoXXo. tov SrjpLou Tot? OTpaTioSrat? dvLvaL ttjv TToXiopKiav TrapaKaXovvTog,
OL 6 TTpooeKeiVTO ;)(aAe77ajTpov, P-^XP^ pnqKlri
avT\ovTe<; ol Trepl tov Mert'Atoi^, ovto<; yap tjv
Tcov 'Pojfiaiojv 7Tapxo<^, hLaTrefJLTTOVTai Trpo? TOU<i
TTcpl TOV ^KXediapov l^aiTOVixevoi fiovag tol?
ipvxd? VTTOGTTovBovg, TOL S' ovrXa Kal ttjv Xoltttjv
498
caught, dragged into the open, and after being subjected to all kinds of torture, put to death. His
Heutenants, along with Absalom, his most eminent
supporter in his tyranny, met with a similar fate.
(10) The people, as I said," co-operated in this Capitniaplot in the hope of its producing some radical massacre
, " 445.
499
JOSEPHUS
458 ra? et? ra vecvpia. Trpos Se Tr)v eV rr^? Katcrapeta? TrXriyqv oXov ro eOvos i^aypiovraL, Kal
bLapepLoOevTes "rdg re Ktupas row "Lvpojv /cat
rds TTpoGexovoas irropOovu TroXetg, (l^iXaheXSetdv
re Kal 'Eae^otrtrti^^ /cat Fepaaai^ /cat UeXXav kol
< The day of the month was perhaps 1 7th Elul (Gorpiaeus),
if we may identify the massacre as the event referred to in
the old Jewish calendar MepiUalh Taanith: "On the 17th of
Elul the Romans evacuatid Judah and Jerusalem " (vi. (b)
in Zeitlin's edition, Philadelphia, 192-2); Zeitlin's identifica-
500
501
J0SEPHU5
TavXai'LTLbi 7TpoGTro6wres tol^ /xew KaraoTpeijjdfievoL, ra' 8' imoTrprjoauTe'; exo^povv enl KaSaaa
T-qv Tvplcuu /cat JlToAf/xaiSa ra^ai^' re /cat
" Samaria.
503
JOSEPHUS
(3) Thus far the Jews had been faced with aliens Perfidy of
only, but when they invaded Scythopolis " they found poiiuns*^t
their own nation in arms against them ; for the Jews iheir Jewi
in this district ranged themselves on the side of the ""'^''*
Scythopolitans, and, regarding their own security
if they wished to confirm their allegiance and demonjtrate their fidelity to their foreign allies, to betake
themselves and their families to the adjoining grove.
The Jews obeyed these orders, suspecting nothing.
For two days the Scythopolitans made no move, in
3rder to lull them into security, but on the third
tiight, watching their opportunity when some were
Dff their guard, and others asleep, they slaughtered
them all to the number of upward of thirteenthousand
and pillaged all their possessions.^
505
J05EPHUS
474 rauT* elrrdjv iXeovGtv dp-a Kal Ted viiojp.lv ols o/x-
475 o 8e 7Tpd)T0V l/xet'j tou Trarepa Trjs TToXids 7tlGTraodpievos hteXavvei toj ^L(f}L, ped'' dv ovk
aKOvoav ttjv pLTjTepa, Kdnl tovtols ttjv re yvvalKa
Kal rd TKva, povov ovx vrraTravTowTos CKdoTov
506
507
JOSEPHUS
479 haiKOv t) p.ioovg t) hiovs elxov. fxovoi 8' ^AvTioxelg Kal liiSoji^tot Kal 'ATra/Ltets" e<j>eLoavTO tojv
pieToiKovvTOJV Kal ovTe dveXelv Tivag ^\ovhaiojv
VTrefxeivav ovre hrjoai, rdxo- p-^v Kal hid to
0(f>eTepov TrX-fjOog VTrepopowreg avTwv rrpog rd
KarjiJLara, to rrXeop 8' ep-oiye hoKelv^ olktw rrpog
481 {(^) HvveGrrj he Kal Kard rrjv WypLTTTra /SacrtAei'ai' eTTL^ovXr) Kard ^lovhalajv. avrog ydp erreTTOpevro Trpog KeoTLOV VdXXou elg Witlox^'-Olv, Kara-
' om. L.
50
509
JOSEPHUS
482 TTpoGrjKOJV Kara yevos. tjkov 8' Ik rrjs Baravalas i^doixiiKovra rov apidjiov avhps, ol Kara
yevog /cat avveoLV rcvv rroXircov hoKifiajraroiy
orpariav alrovvres , Iv* , et rt yevoiro Kiv-qjia /cat
7Tpl o<j>d<^, exo(-v d^Loxp^ojv (fyvXaKTjv KOjXveLV
483 rovg inavLGrafjievovs . rovrovs 6 Noapo? K7T6fiijjas vvKrojp rojv ^aoiXiKaJv rtva? onXiraiV drravrag
dvaLpel, roXfjL-qaas /xev rovpyov hi^a rrjg 'AyptTTTra
yvcofiT]?, 8ia 8e (^iXapyvpiav djjierpov els rovg
6iJLO(f)vXov^ iXo/jLevo? dae^elv rrjv ^aGiXeiav 8t(f)deLpV StereAet re co/xojs" ei? ro edvo? irapavop^ajv ,
pLexpi Trvdojievos WyptTTTrag dveXelv jikv avrov
fjSeodrj Std HoaLjiov, erravaev Se rrjg emrpoTTrjs.
L^
511
J05EPHUS
490 6u^W6TO. Tore 8' cu? /<at <'Td>'^ vapd rols dAAot*
irerdpaKTO, fjcaXXou ^i](f)dr) rd rrap^ cVetVot?
/cat h-q Tojv WXe^avhpeujv iKKX-qoLalovrajv rrep
rjs ejieXXox' eKTrepLTTeLu Trpeo^eLa<; iirl ^epcoua
GvveppvTjoai^ p.ev els to dfjLcfyLdearpou d/Lta rot'
VOL II s 513
JOSEPHUS
494 (8) Kd/ceti^os" Gvvihojv ojs X^P'-'^ p.ydXrjg ovp,<j>opds ovK dv TravoaivTO veajrepiiovre?, 7Ta(f)LT]GLV
avTols rd Kara rrjv ttoXlv 'Pajpalcov hvo rdyfiara
/cat GVP avroL hiGXi^Xiovg^ crrpaTLcora? Kara rv^y]^
TTapovras etV rou ^lovSaiajv oXeOpov K Xi^v-qs
iTTeTpeijjev 8' ov pLovou dvaLpelu, dXXd /cat tcis
KT-qoL5 auToip' 8tap77a^tP' Kat -rdg ot/cta? Kara-
515
JOSEPHUS
7Tl6t]vlov exovTe? djia vevjiaTt tov (f)Oi'eveLv e-navoavTO, TO h-qfjLOTLKOv he TOW WXe^avSpecov 8t'
VTTep^oXrjV fiioovs SvoaudKXrjTOV rju Kal jjloXl?
direoTTdTO tcov oajfidTajv.
500 dvaXa^ojv 8e 0770 ttJc 'AvTio^eta? to /xev 8co8eKOTOV Tdyp.a rrXrjpe^;, arro be tow Xolttojv dvo
Sta)(tAiOL'? eTTLXeKTou^, Tretwv re e^- OTrelpa? Ka>
Teoaapa? tAa? tTTTreajv, Trpo? af? rd? Trapd to);
^aoiXeojv cru/x/Lia;(ia?, 'AvTtd;(ou /xei^ 8tc7;^tAtou5
LTiTTels Kal Trelovg TpioxiXiov;, To^ora? TrdvTas
'Aypt7777a 8e rretov^ p.ev tovs lgov? iTTTreZ? 8<
516
517
JOSEPHUS
503 odov Kal Tojv Gvii(j)ep6vrojv e^Tqyovfxevos . duaXa^ujv he fJLepog rrj? hwdpieoj? Keario? ajpfi-qaev
6771 ttoXlv Kaprepdv rrjs TaXtXalag, \a^ovXow' KaAetrat', hiopiLei he cztto tov edvovs ttjv YlroXeixatha.
504 Kal KaraXa^ojv avrrju ep-qpiou piev dvhpcjv, dva7Te(f)evyeL yap to 7TXi]6o? ei? to. 0^17, TrXrjpr] he
TTavToiojv KT-qpLarcov, rd /xey i(f)rjKev Tot? orpariojTat? Stap77a^eiv, to he darv Kairoi davpiduas tov
KaXXovs, exow rag olKias opotajg Tat? ev Tvpco
Kal ^thowL Kal Jjr]pvTOj hehopLrjpLeuag, eveTrp-qoev.
507 (10) '0 he Ke'dTto? ai'a^et'la? aTTO Trj? HtoAe/xatdo? awTO? pev els \\aLodpeiav dcjuKveZrai,
piolpav he rrfs orpartds rrpoenepipev t? ^loTTTrrjU,
rrpoord^aSy el p.ev KaraXa^eadai hvvqdelev rrjv
voXlv, (f)poupeLv, el he rrpoaioOoivro rrju e(f)ohov,
519
JOSEPHUS
509 StapTrdoavres iveTrp-qoav 6 Se dpiSfxa? tu)V (fiovevdivTojv rerpaKOGLOL Trpos OKraKLOXi-XioLS . Ojuoiws"
Se Kal t? T-qv 6p.opov Trjs Kaioapeia^ yap^arrju-qu
TOTTapx'-o.v e77/u,0ei^ GVxyov<^ tojv l-nTTeujv, ol rrjv
7 yiji' erep-ov Kal ttoXv vXtjOos Sie^ideipav rdju
CTTixajpiajv, rds t KTTjGen SirjpTTaGav Kal rdi
Kwp.as Kari<f)Xe^av .
510 (11) Et? 8e T-qv FaAtAatai^ arreGTdLXev KaiGvviov VdXXov riyep.6va tov SajSeKarov rdyp-aTos .
TTapaSoi)? 6vvap.LV ogtjv dpKeoeiv rrpos to edvcg
51 J V7TXdp.^avv . TOVTOv 77 KapTepcjrdTr) r-qs PaAiXaias ttoXls ZeV^ajpt? /^er' evc^-qpLias Se'^^erat, Kal
Trpos T-qv TavT-qq ^v^ovXiav al Xoi-al ttoAci?
qpp.ovv. TO he aracrttuSe? Kal XrjGTpLKOv ndv
(divyev eiV to /Lteaatraroi^ ttjs VaXiXaias opos, 6
KeWaL p-kv dvTLKpu ttjs ^TT(f)copCJS, KaAciTat 8e
WoapLcvv. TovTOis 6 FaAAo? eTj-qye T-qv hvvap.iv.
512 01 S' ajs p.v rjoav VTrepSe^tOL, pabicos tovs *Papialovg -qpivvavTO TrpoGiovTas Kal Trpos SiaKOGLOvg
axndjv dvelXov, TrepieXOovTajv Se Kal yvopLev<jjv v
TOis viprjXoTepoLs rjTrcovTO rax^cog, Kal ovre yvp.vqTS OTrXtTas GVGTdSrjv ecjiepou ovTe iv Trj TpoTrfj
TOVS iTTTreis ^(l)vyov, ojGT oXlyovs p.v iv Tais
hvGXOjplaLS hiaXaSelu, dvatp^drjuac be vnep htaXiXiovg.
the town by an attack on both elements ; the inhabitants had no time to fly, much less to prepare
for defence, and the Romans, bursting in, slew them
all with their families, and sacked and burnt the
town ; the victims numbered eight thousand four
hundred. Cestius likewise dispatched a strong force
of cavalry into the toparchy of Narbatene," which
borders on Caesarea ; these ravaged the country,
killed a large number of the inhabitants, pillaged
their property and burnt their villages.
mountain in the heart of Galilee, which faces Sepphoris and is called Asamon ^ ; against these Gallus
led his troops. So long as the enemy held the
superior position, they easily beat off the attacks of
the Romans and killed some two hundred of them,
but when the Romans turned their flank and gained
the higher ground, they were quickly defeated ;
being lightly armed, they could not sustain the
charge of the heavy-armed legionaries, nor when
routed outdistance the cavalry ; consequently a
few only succeeded in concealing themselves
in '^ broken ground, while more than two thousand
perished.
VOL. II s2 521
JOSEPHUS
1 om. PAL.
he sent on a detachment to attack them. Fear, however, dispersed the Jews before any engagement took
place ; and the Romans, on invading their camp,
found it evacuated, and burnt it and the neighbouring villages. From Antipatris Cestius advanced to
Lydda ^ and found the city deserted, for the whole
population had gone up to Jerusalem for the Feast Octobe
of Tabernacles. Fifty persons who showed them- xishri).
selves he put to the sword, and after burning down
the town resumed his march ; and, ascending through
Beth-horon, pitched his camp at a place called
Gabao,^ fifty furlongs distant from Jerusalem.
(2) The Jews, seeing the war now approaching the a success
capital, abandoned the feast and rushed to arms ; ciiarge
and, with great confidence in their numbers, sprang Jg^yg^akn
in disorder and with loud cries into the fray, with no
thought for the seventh day of rest, for it was the
very sabbath which they regarded with special
reverence.* But the same passion which shook
them out of their piety brought them victory in the
battle ; for with such fury did they fall upon the
Romans that they broke and penetrated their ranks,
slaughtering the enemy. Had not the cavalry, with
a body of infantry which was not so hard pressed as
in Sharon (Jos. xii. 18, some LXX mss.), doubtfully identified
'^ The O.T. Gibeon, modern el Jib, five or six miles northwest of Jerusalem ; the distance given in A. vii. 283 is only
4U furlongs (stadia). For Beth-horon see 547 note.
523
JOSEPHUS
520t:oo't. yevvaLOTaroi S' avr(jov eho^av ol Moi^o^dl,ov rov TTjg WSLa^rjvrj? jSaCTtAeoj? crvyyevelg ,
523 (3) "KvOa brj Kartbdw ^AypLTTTra'? ovbe tq 'Pojfialwv aKLvbuva, vXrjOov? aTTelpou rroXepiiujv rd
opr) nepLOXovros, eKpivev aTTOTTeLpadrjvai rwv 'loubaiojv Adyots" r] yap Travrag veiaeiu KaradeodaL
rov TToXepLOv t) toju evavnajdevrajv dvoGTrjGeLV to
towards Beth-horon, cut up a large part of their rearguard, and carried off many of the baggage mules,
which he brought with him into the city While
Cestius for three days remained in his former quarters,
the Jews occupied the heights and kept guard on the
defiles, clearly not intending to remain inactive,
should the Romans begin to move.
525
JOSEPHUS
527 (4) KecTTto? 8e tt)^ 77po? dAAr]Aoi;9 auroji' rapaxrjv evKaipov Ihcov et? errideaiv, a-uaaav iTrrjyev
T-qv hvvapLiv Kal rpaTrevrag p-^XP'- '^^poooXvpLcuv
528 KaTebioj^ev. OTpaTonehevoapievos he eVt tov KaXovp-evov Y.K07TOV, htex^i 8' ovto? eTrra rrj? noXeajg
araStoUi, rptat /xet' rjpLepaLS ovk eiTex^^p^i- Trj
5'z6
(whence its name) of the city {A. xi. 329, where it is called
Saphein).
527
JOSEPHUS
avT7]v eKelvrjv rr^u ojpav ivrog row tlx^cov ^tdaaodai, TTapavTLKa rrjv ttoXlv ea^ev Kal tov TToXefiov
avve^Tj KaraXeXvadaL^' dAAd yap o re crrparoTTehapxr)? TvpdvuLos YlploKog Kal rwv t777rdp;(ajv
533 (5) 'Ep' 8e rovrqj ttoXXoI tcov yvojpijxojv SrjfjLOToji', ^ Avdvcp TO) ^IcovdOov TratSt TreLodevre?, KdXovv rov KfCTTtoi^ (jj<; dvoi^ovres avrw rd? TTvXas.
634 6 hk Kal TTpog opyrjv VTrepihujv Kal firj Trdvv ttlcrreucra? dieixeXXiqaev, eoj? ol GTauLaaral ttjv TrpohoGiav aiGdofJievoL rovg fiev rrepl tou "Avavov aTTO
TOV reixpvg Karl^aXov Kal XiBois Tralovres gwTjXaGav etV rag OLKLag, aurot 8e StacrTcivTe? diro^
tCjv TTvpyojv Toug d-nOTTeipoJiiivovg rod relxovg
535 l^aAAoi^, TreVre fiev ovv rjpbepaLg Trdvrodev eVtX^LpovGLV rolg 'Poj/^atot? dfJirjX'^^og rjv tj TrpoG^oX-q,
rfj 8' eTTLOVGY) dvaXa^ojv 6 KeGnog rcov re cVtXeKrojv Gux^oug Kal roug ro^orag Kara ro rrpoG-
537 rcou be 'Poj/xatajv' ol Trpcoroi roug dupeovg e^epeiGavreg elg ro relxog Kal Kara rovrcov ol Karoniv
dXXovg ol re e^rjg opLolojg rrju KaXovpLevrjV Trap
avrolg x^^^^^W (.(^pd^avro, Kad^ rjg rd ^kXr)
528
" Quartermaster-general.
festudo.
529
JOSEPHUS
<f)p6fjLva TrepLoaXiGdavev arrpaKra, pLTjhev 8* ol urpariajrai KaKOV/j,voL to relx^? vireavpov /cat rov
lepov rrjv ttvXtjv VTroTTLfiTTpdvai TrapedKevdCovro .
538 (6) AetvT] Se rovg araGiaards eKTrX-q^cs KareXa^eVy -qSr] re^ rroXXol SteStSpacr/cov (itto rrj^
TToXecos a*? dXcoGOfjLevqs ainiKa. rov Se hrjfJLov
inl TOvroLS Gvve^atuev dappeZv, xrat Kado -rrapeiKOiev ol TTOv-qpoL, Trpoor^eGav aurot rds TTvXag
dvoL^ovTS Kal he^ojievoi rdv Kecrrtov co? evepye-
540 (t) '0 yovu Keartos", ovre rr)v tcDv TroXiopKovjxevcov aTToyvajGLV ovre rov hrjixov rd Sp6vqp,a
Gvvihojv, i^aL(f)vrj? di^e/caAeaev roug orparLojra?
/cat Karayvovs ctt* ovbepLta rrX-qyfj rcjv iXiridajv
543 TrXayiovg. ovre 8e eTTLGrpacfyrjvaL rrpos rovs /car077 Lv rirpo'jGKOvras iddppovv ol reXevraloi, aVetpov Tt rrXrjOos olofxevoL 8toj/cetv, /cat rov? Kard
vXevpov iyKL[jLevovs dvaGreXAetv ovx VTrlfievov
^ Destinon : be :^ISS.
530
5S1
JOSEPHUS
'' From Upper Beth-horon (1730 feet) to Lower Bethhoron (1240 feet I : this famous pass has been the scene oi
numerous defeats (G. A. Smith, Historical Geography of tht
532
Holy Land, 210 f.). It was down this same road from Gibeon
on the plateau (2300 feet), through the two Beth-horons, to
the maritime plain that Joshua pursued the tive Canaanite
kings (Jos. X. 10 f.).
523
JOSEPHUS
SdTepa KprjpLvol Kal (jidpayyes, els ovs d7TOG(f)aXevTes KaTe<^deipovTo. Kai ovTe (f>vyrj? ri? tottov
ovTe dfjLVVTj? ^'f-X^^ e7TLV0(,au, dAA' utt' di.Lrj)(^avLag
77* olfjLojyrjv eTpdrrovTO Kal Toug ev aTToyvojoeoLV
ohvpfjiovg' dvTrjx^t- 8' avTols to Trapd ^Xovhaicov
651 (9) ""EvOa 8r) Kecmo? tt^i^ (fiauepdu ohov aTToyvov? hpaofioi' e^ovXeveTO, Kal hiaKpiuas tou?
evijjvxoTdTovs GTpa-LcoTa? ojael TeTpaKoaiov? erreoTTjaeu tlov hcofj-drcov, TrpooTd^a? dva^odu ra
Grjiiela tcjv ev Tolg OTpaTOTrehoi? <j)vXdKa>v, ottoj?
[o// 'loudatoi rrdaav olwvTai T-qv hvva}iiv /card
Xojpav fieveiv avTO? he tov? Xolvov? dvaXa^ojv
1 om. P.
5S4
535
JOSEPHUS
November 25 (Nie5e).
536
"* Philip had escaped from Jerusalem after the siege of the
Dalace ( Vita 46 ff.), and we are not told that he had returned.
iv. 140.
537
JOSEPHUS
562 (3) Ot he hLco^aure? rou KeGnov co? vtteGTpeipav els 'lepoCToAu/xa, rovi fxev ^ia tCjv en
pojfxaLLovrojv rovg he rreiOoL irpoG-qyovTo, Kal
past kept them shut up in the gymnasium a precaution prompted by suspicion they considered that
the execution of their plan would present no difficulty whatever ; their only fear was of their own
wives who, with few exceptions, had all become
converts to the Jewish religion, and so their efforts
were mainly directed to keeping the secret from
them. In the end, they fell upon the Jews, cooped
up as they were and unarmed, and within one hour
slaughtered them all with impunity, to the number of
ten thousand five hundred.
539
JOSEPHUS
1^
* 520.
' i.e. his province was the north and west of Judaea
540
71 note.
The historian. In his Life 29, he tells us that his commission was of a purely pacific nature to disarm the disaffected. There is a noticeable change in the character and
style of the narrative where the historian turns to his personal
history and seems to take the pen into his own hand ; the
marks of the skilled assistant whose services he has hitherto
employed {Ap. i. 50) are less conspicuous.
541
JOSEPHUS
' Bekker : ?<pri PAL: d<pr)Ke the rest (Josephus uses f ^teVat,
not d(pi4pai, in this sense).
542
543
JOSEPHUS
bis ra^idpxovs. arparLajrcov re yap deheiKwev 8ta(f)opdsy Kal rovTou? fJLv VTreraocrev deKa^dp^aus
Kal eKarovrdpxais y erretra xtXtdp^oi?, Kdrrl tovTot9 -qyefiovas rayfiaTcov dhporepcov d(f)rjyov-
odXTTLyyo? TrpoKXrioeis re Kal dvaKXiqaeis , irpoa/SoAas r Kepdrcov Kal rrepLayojyd?, Kal ttcu? Se
Trpog p.kv to Kdpivov e7no'rpl(^iv eV rov nepLOurog
" This conflicts with the account in the Li/e ( 30, etc.
which represents Sepphoris as consistently pro-Roman ; cj
B. ii. 51 1 (the welcome given to the Romans).
544-
" On the contrar}' the Life states that John was the enemy
3f Josephus and fortified Gischala without consulting him
;45, 189).
VOL II T 545
JOSEPHUS
582 ridecrrdrojv. SiotKeta^at yap KaAAtara rovg ttoXefjLOvg vap* of? au dyaOou to avveSos ey^ujoiv
[ridvres'Y ol oTparevofxevoL, rovg 8e otKoBev <^avXovs ov pLOvov 7ols iniovaiv eyOpoZs dXXd /cat ro)
deo) "x^prioOai TroXepLLOj.
683 (8) rioAAd roiavra Trapaiuaju SiereAet. /cat to
p.v eroLpLOU t9 napdra^Lv avrco avvKKp6r7)TO
TTelcjv piv 1^ pLVpidSes, LTTTrels Se rrei'TTJ/covTa /cat
546
(8) Such was the tenor of his unceasing exhortations. He had now mustered an army, ready for
action, of sixty thousand " infantry and three hundred
and fifty cavalry, besides some four thousand five
hundred mercenaries, in whom he placed most confidence ; he had also a bodyguard of six hundred
picked men about his person. These troops, the
mercenaries excepted, were maintained without
difficulty by the towns : each town sent out on service
only one half of its levy and kept back the remainder
to provide them wn'th supplies ; thus one party was
told off for mihtary, and the other for fatigue duty,
and in return for the corn which their comrades sent
^hem the men under arms assured them protection,
547
JOSEPHUS
589 ^uyaSes" rjoav 8t' wv ndaav eXrj^ero r-qv FaAtXaiav Kal /jberecvpovs ovr as inl rep jxeXXoi'TL ttoXepLcp Tovs TToXXovs eoTTapaGoev .
548
549
JOSEPHUS
592 7Tejj.LV avTOLS eVt rr^v fieOopiav e^rj-rjoaro. ovvcovovfievo? 8e rod Tuplov vojJLLOiJLarog, o reaaapag
*ArrLKas BvvaraL, reaaapas afJi^opei?, rrjs avrrjs
7TL7Tpv.<7KV rLjjLrjS TjiiiaixcfyopLOV . ovor]s he rrjs
FaAtAaia? iXaLO(f)6pov pLaXtara /cat rore ev(f)opr)KvlaSy et? orrai'L^ourag ela-epLTTow ttoXv Kal piovos
arretpoi' ri rrXfjOos ovvijyev y^prjpidrwi', oh evdeojs
"In the account in Vita (74 f.) there are again sligh
differences. The persons to be protected from the forbidde
use of foreign oil are there not " all the Jews of Syria," bu
only those who had been confined by order in Caesare
Philippi. In the Life John makes a profit of 10 : 1 (buyinj
550
(3) About this time some young men of the village The affai
of Dabarittha,^ units of the guard posted in the great fn^^""
55]
JOSEPHUS
596 dpyvpoji' xpvGol re rjoav l^aKoaioi. firj SvvdfJievoL Se SiaOeodai^ Kpv(f)a rrjv dpTrayrjV rravra
^laLov ridrjoiv rd KopbLoOevra Trapd rw hvvarajrdrcp tojv Tapixcuarajv Wwaiu), nep^ipat Kara
Katpov rolg SecrTTorat? Trpoaipovpievos' o 817 fieyuarov
552
VOL. II T 2 553
JOSEPHUS
604 Trpos TOV eXeov. toj 5' rju tj TaneLvojOL? TrpoTTapaoKevr] ot paT'qyrip.aTos , Kal Te;>(ytTeuai^ toi)?
dyavaKTOVvTa^ /ca^' avrov /car' dXXriXojv crraaidoai, i(f)^ oU (hpyllovTO TrdvO' opLoXoyqocou,^
606 (f)pov TO) KOLVO) ^Xd^Tjv . opcov he, cS TaptXataTaL, p-dXioTa ttjv vpLTpav ttoXlv acr</)aAetas"
heopLevrjv Kal Trpdg KaTaoKvr]v Teixovs xpfitovoav
dpyvpLOV, hehoLKojs he tov Tt^epLeojv hrjp.ov Kal
Tag dXXa? TToXei? e(^ehpevo-6oas tols -qpTraypLevoL?,
KOTaox^^v TjovxT] TO. ;(/D7]^aTa TTpoetXopirjv, Iv
^ KUTaiJirjadufPos L Suid.
lacuna. |b
554
555
JOSEPHUS
609 TTapp-qaLaoTLKCjrepov (LfilXeL. Kal TToXXd r-qv TrpoTTereiav avrojv KaroveLhlaag Ik fieu rdJv Trapovrcov
TapLXO-ias e(l>rj TLXicrLi>, do(j)aXLLodaL 8e opLOLcog
Kal rds dXXag 7t6XL- ov yap drtop-qo^LV XP'")'
lidrcxji', lav opLOVodJGLv i(f>^ ovg Set TToplCeLv Kal
pLTj Trapo^vvojvraL Kara rod TTopltovTos.
610 (5) "^vda hi] TO p.v dXXo vXrjdos rwv "qTrar-qfjLva>v dvex^Jop^L KalroL hLwpyLOfJLevov, SloxlXlol 8*
ctt' ainov wpjJLi^oav vo7tXol, Kal <f)ddoavTo? ets"
TO SofpidTLOv TrapcXdelv drr^LXovvres i<f)OTrjKoav.
" Or, perhaps, " unite with him in opposing the enemy
who ought to provide it " (from whom they should extract
it. viz. the Romans). ' 600, Vita 145.
556
agree who was the enemy against whom its provision was necessary,'^ instead of furiously attacking
the man who provided it.
557
JOSEPHUS
1 Kara MVRC.
*i:
the town, hastened to inform his chief of the conpiracy. Josephus, on receipt of his letter,^ set off
and, after a rapid night march, reached Tiberias at
daybreak. The whole population came out to meet
lim except John ; he, though suspecting that this
isit boded ill for himself, sent one of his acquaintances with a message, pretending to be indisposed
ind bedridden, and so prevented from paying his
559
JOSEPHUS
0]S prjaai Trjs depaTr^tag ^X^yeu. to? he elg to ordSiou Tovg Ti^pi7? ddpoLoa<i 6 'Itocrr^TTO? errupdro
hiaXiyeodai rrepl rcov eVccTTaApteVcoi-', UTroTre'/xi/ias"
560
561
JOSEPHUS
* TToXenTjautaiv PAM.
562
much later in the other narrative, after the confiiet with the
deputies from Jerusalem ( Vita 368-372).
563
JOSEPHUS
MSS.
564
(8) John from this time forth was confined by fear Revolt o
of Josephus within the walls of Gischala. A few '^^^'^"^^
days later Tiberias again revolted, the inhabitants
having appealed to King Agrippa for aid. He did
not arrive on the agreed date, but on that same day
a small body of Roman cavalry happening to appear,
the Tiberians issued a proclamation excluding
Josephus from the city. Their defection was immediately reported to him at Tarichaeae. He had
" For Judas, son ot Jonathan, Vita 197 etc. has Jonathan.
* Gischala excepted.
565
JOSEPHUS
orpaTLCjorag IttI oltou avXXoyrjv ovre fiovos e^op[j.dv IttI rovs aTJOOTOLUTas ovre iievetu VTrefxevev,
SeSoLKojs fJLT] ^pahvvavTos avrov (f^ddocootv ol
^aoiKiKol TTapeXdeiv els tyju ttoXlv ouSc yap ttjv
7TLOvaav Tjfxepav Ivepyov e^eiv e/xeAAev irrexovTos
635 ca^^drov. BoXcp brj^ TrepteXdelu inevoei rovg olttoordvras. kol rds p.ev TTvXas twv Tapixo-tajv olttoKXelaai KeXevaas, cos" p^r) Trpoe^ayyeiXeii ri? to
CT/ce/x/ua rots' 77 c^^ l po v ijlv o l? , rd S' eVt ttjs XipLvr]?
OKdcfiTj Trdvra ovvadpjicja^; , rpidKovra 8' evpeOrjoav KOI hiaKOGLa,' koi vavrat reaodpcov ov
ttXelovs rjoav ev eKdoroj, 8ta rd^ov? eXavvet Trpos
638 (9) '0 Se 'XojGTjTTOS TToXXd SLaTTetXrjGdpiei'og avTot? Kal KaToveihiGas, el Trpcorov pLev apdpLevoL rov
Trpos 'Pojp.aLOVs noXepLOV els Grdoeis ep,(f)vXLOVS
npoavaXlGKOvoLV r-qv Igxvv Kal rd evKraiorara
SpojGLv TOLS exOpOLS, e77tTa TOP KT^bepLOi'a rrjs
dG(f)aXeias avTcov dvaprtdGai GirevhovGLV Kal KXeUuv
567
JOSEPHUS
ovK alhovvrai ttjv ttoXlv avrw roj ret^^taavrt, Trpoahe^eoOai rovs aTToXoyrjoo^evovs (f)aGKv Kal St'
642 (10) Boojurajv he rcov Xolttojv atnov ehau fxdXiGTa rrjs drroGTaGeajs KAetroi^ rtva /cat napaKaXovvrcov els eKelvov dTTepeiheGdat rrjv opyrji^,
6 *\ojG7]770S dveXelu p.ev ovheva TrpofjpiqTO, Aevlv
he TLva ra)V eavrov (f^vXaKcou eKeXevGev e^eXdelv,
644 rrjv erepav tcov x^i-pdJ^ /caraAtTreiv. KdKeivov /caravevGavTos e</)' co r-qv erepav axnos dTTOKOijjeiev
eavTOV, GTTaGafiei'os rfj he^ta ro $L(f)os dTreKoipeu
TTJV Xaidv els togovtov heous vtto rod ^lojGiqTrov
645 TTpor^xOr]. rore [lev hr) kcvols GKd(f)eGiv /cat hopv<j>6p0LS eTTrd rov hijfiov alxp-aXajriodpievos TrdXtv
568
569
JOSEPHUS
650 GVfji(f)opd? aTTwXocbvpovro. detaaiJLOL re rois ^Iprjvr]v dyaTTcooLV hvo(br)[ioL, rot? Se rdv rroXefiow i^dipaaiv eux^SidL,ovro irpds r)bovqv, Kal ro KaraOTTjjjia rrjs TrdXeoJS rrplv e-eXdelv 'Pwiiaiovg rjv
(xxii. 1) The disturbances in Galilee were thus Preparaquelled ; and, their civil strife now ended, the Jews jenisaierr
turned to preparations for the struggle with the ^^^^^er of
Romans. In Jerusalem Ananus the high-priest and a.d. 66-67
all the leading men who were not pro-Romans busied
themselves with the repair of the walls and the
accumulation of engines of war. In every quarter
of the city missiles and suits of armour were being
forged ; masses of young men were undergoing a
desultory training ; and the whole was one scene of
tumult. On the other side, the dejection of the
moderates was profound ; and many, foreseeing the
impending disasters, made open lamentation. Then,
too, there were omens,^ which to the friends of peace
boded ill, although those who had kindled the war
readily invented favourable interpretations for them.
In short, the city before the coming of the Romans
wore the appearance of a place doomed to destruction. Ananus, nevertheless, cherished the thought
of gradually abandoning these warlike preparations
and bending the malcontents and the infatuated socalled zealots to a more salutary policy ; but he
571
JOSEPHUS
^ 'AKpa^iTLVrjU PA.
* (rdpaaaev PA ML Lat.
572
" B. iv. 315 if. ; for Ananus see the note on 563 above.
573
BIBAIOX r
^ (JKeTTTOUfVOS 5i C.
BOOK iir
575
JOSEPHUS
6 (3) TauTCL re 817 npoKXr]hovLl,6iievo<; Kal oradepav pLer' e'/LtTretptas" tt^i^ -qXiKiau opujv, /xeya'
TTiareco? aurou toi)? uiou? opLrjpov Kal rd? rou
TOJi^ aK/xd? X^^P^ ''"^^ TTaTpcpa? avueoeco?, rdxa
-I 111 1 attack on
forty miles.
VOL. II u 577
JOSEPHUS
11 eho^ev. i^-qyovvro 8e ttJ? KaTahpofjLrj<; rpels avhpes dA/crJv t Kopv(f)aloi /cat ouvGl,^ ISiyep re o
riepatTT7S" /<at d BajSuAcui^to? StAa?, 77p6s" ots
TjvcjjpLevovs /cat rrpos OTrXiras e^rjpTvpi,evovs elKaiorepov ajTrXiopLevoi?, dvpLco re TrXeov rj ^ovXi
arpar-qyovpLevoL? Trpog evTreideZs /cat vevpLart vdvrc
578
" Philo, Legal, ad Gaium, 205 (Cohn), mentions this irreconcilaV)le feud ; the Jews had recently devastated the town
{B. ii. 460). It had since 104 b.c. been independent.
^ Both these distinguished themselves in the first engagement with Cestius, ii. 520 ; Niger was the governor, or exgovernor, of Idumaea, ii. 566.
579
JOSEPHUS
* Tp07feffT^p0lJ PAM.
580
(3) Far, how-ever, from the spirit of the Jews being Second
crushed by such a calamity, their discomfiture only attad? o
redoubled their audacity ; and, disregarding the Ascaion
dead bodies at their feet, they were lured by the ^^^^ ^^
memory of former triumphs to a second disaster.
Unidentified.
581
JOSEPHUS
25 TV^y]' Tov yap ^ Xvrujviov ras" TrapoSou? TrpoXo)(^ioav7os dhoK-qTOL rat? ivehpais ipLTTeoovres Kai
V7t6 Toji^ LTTTTcajv TTpLU 6t? P'^X'^v Gwrd^auQai
KVKXojdevreg, ttolXlv ttLtttovgl p-kv vrrip oKraKiaXiXtovs, ol XoLTTol Se TTavre? ecjivyov, crvv ols
Kal Siyep, ttoAAo. Kara rrjv (f)vyqv euroA/xta? 7tlheL^dpevos epya, avveXavvovrai Kre >^ 7TpoGKLp,vajv
TOW TToXepLLOJV 1? TLua TTvpyov o^vpov KcopLT]? BeA-
27 (fyXeyopevov he tov TTvpyov 'PajpaloL p,V dvaXOjpovGL yeyrjdoTes ojs hiej)dapiievov Kal Xtyepo?,
o 8e eiV TO pLuxa^TaTOV tov (f)povpLOV GTr-qXatov
KaTaTTTihrjGas eK tov Ttvpyov' SiaCTOJ^erat, /cat
p,d^ rjpiepa? Tpels toIs P-^t^ oXoc^vppov Trpos
582
" Unidentified.
583
JOSEPHUS
rpLTOv ah-qpLTO)<; inl ttj^ vtto 'Pco/Ltatot? olkovIxevTj^ xovaa tottov, euda fJLera TTdGrjg rrjg tbla'
laxvo? eKbexofievov avrov rrjv a(f)L^LV Kal 'AypirrTTav Tov ^aoiXea KareiXirjcheL, eVt IlToAe/xatdo^
VOL. II u 2 ^^^
JOSEPHUS
^ Vav\u}i'iTi5i PA.
'E^aXwty PAL : ZaXcI;^ the rest, rf. Vita 2-27.
Jordan, to Meroth.
(2) With this limited area, and although surrounded by such powerful foreign nations, the two
Galilees have always resisted any hostile invasion,
for the inhabitants are from infancy inured to war,
and have at all times been numerous ; never did the
men lack courage nor the country men. For the
land is everywhere so rich in soil and pasturage and
produces such variety of trees, that even the most
indolent are tempted by these facilities to devote
themselves to agriculture. In fact, every inch of the
soil has been cultivated by the inhabitants ; there is
not a parcel of waste land. The towns, too, are
thickly distributed, and even the villages, thanks to
the fertihty of the soil, are all so densely populated
587
JOSEPHUS
'*4 (3) Ka^oAou h\ el koX to* pLeyeBei ng eAarTcuGL TTJg riepata? ttjv TaXtXaiav, TTpoeXotro 8* av
rfj bvvdpLL- 7] p-kv yap ivepyog oXtj Kal avvex^?^
GTLv Kap7Tocf)6po?, Tj Ylepala Se ttoXv p.ev p.iCojv,
pr]pLo<i Se Kal rpax^ia ro ttXIov, rrpog re Kapncvv
48 (4-) 'H 8e T.ap.apLTLS X^P^ pieGrj pieu tt}? FaAtAata? CCTTt /cat tt^? 'louSata?" dpxop-evT] yap citto
TT7? cV TO* [/zeyaAojJ^ Trehicu KeipLeu-qs Fivata?'
589
JOSEPHUS
" The Lat. has " Anunath which is also called Borceas";
Borcaeus is the modern Berkit, nine miles due south of
Shechem. "^ Or, perhaps, " at its greatest length."'
551
JOSEPHUS
592
593
JOSEPHUS
594.
Josephus.
595
JOSEPHUS
L7Tovro oKTOJKaiheKa OTTelpaL' Ttpoaeyevovro 8Kot aiTO KaLoapetas rtevre kol LTTTrecov lXtj (Ma
597
JOSEPHUS
* rd Tf . . . ^pya\ela M\Ke'.
598
For their nation does not wait for the outbreak of Their
war to give men their first lesson in arms ; they do not Sce"tfmf
sit with folded hands in peace time only to put them
in motion in the hour of need. On the contrary, as
though they had been born with weapons in hand,
they never have a truce from training, never wait
for emergencies to arise. Moreover, their peace
manoeuvres are no less strenuous than veritable
warfare ; each soldier daily throws all his energy into
his drill, as though he were in action. Hence that
perfect ease with which they sustain the shock of
battle : no confusion breaks their customary formation, no panic paralyses, no fatigue exhausts them ;
and as their opponents cannot match these qualities,
victory is the invariable and certain consequence.
Indeed, it would not be wrong to describe their
manoeuvres as bloodless combats and their combats
as sanguinary manoeuvres.
599
JOSEPHUS
* The praetorium,
600
of tents. The exterior circuit presents the appearance of a wall and is furnished with towers at regular
intervals ; and on the spaces between the towers are
placed " quick-firers," catapults, " stone-throwers," "
and every variety of artillery engines, all ready for
use. In this surrounding wall are set four gates, one
on each side, spacious enough for beasts of burden
to enter without difficulty and wide enough for sallies
of troops in emergencies. The camp is intersected
by streets symmetrically laid out ; in the middle are
the tents of the officers, and precisely in the centre
the headquarters of the commander-in-chief,^ resembling a small temple. Thus, as it were, an
improvised city springs up,*^ with its market-place,
its artisan quarter, its seats of judgement, where
captains and colonels '^ adjudicate upon any differences which may arise. The outer wall and all the
buildings within are completed quicker than thought,
50 numerous and skilled are the workmen. In case
3f need, the camp is further surrounded by a fosse,
four cubits deep and of equal breadth.
" Cf. Polyb. vi. 31 6 fxev ds dyopav yiueTai. roiros 6 5' 'irepos
(^ Tf Taf.LLii(p . . . TToXet Trapair^rjalav ('^ft ttjv biadecnv.
601
JOSEPHUS
VTTOXOjpOVOLV ddpOOL.
80 (4) 'E^teVat Se tol! uTparoTreSov heov vttoGr]jjLaLVL fiev rj odXTTiy^, r]pep,el 8' ou8ei?, ciAA
d/xa vevfjiaTL Tct? /xev OKiqvds dvaipovrnv , irdvra 8
602
7ith all the officers ^ then wait on the commanderi-chief, and he gives them, according to custom, the
atchword and other orders to be communicated to
he lower ranks. The same precision is maintained
n the battle-field : the troops wheel smartly round
1 the requisite direction, and, whether advancing to
he attack or retreating, all move as a unit at the
ord of command.
" Cf. Polyb. vi. 36. 6 (at daybreak the inspectors of nightntries report to the tribunes).
* 7-a^tapxoi = either "officers" generally, including cenrions and tribunes (Reinach), or perhaps " legates," i.e,
mmanders of the legions, for which, however, ^irapxos is
ed in 310.
603
josp:phus
(504
605
J0SEPHU5
^ Tov Dindorf.
2 L, cf, Lat. eopulati : da^aXeTj or dcpeXds the rest.
606
607
JOSEPHUS
2 TT a pa rdl^ecj J PAL.
(vi. 1) Vespasian was detained for some time with Unsuccessis son Titus at Ptolemais, consolidating his forces. piacSj^j^ a
leanwhile Placidus ^ was scouring Galilee and had Jotapata.
VOL. U X 609
JOSEPHUS
If, now set out from Ptolemais, after drawing up his fnto^oa^inee
'my for the march in the customary Roman order. Order of his
u -T V 1 ^ J ^ J \ army on th;
611
JOSEPHUS
119 pair o hvoTTopovv ro OTpdreufMa. KaTortLU he rovTojv TQi 76 Ibiag Kal ras Tcjji' vri* avTov r\yep.6v(x>i
era^ev d-ooKeua<; Kal ov)(i>ov IttI tovtol^ irpo
6"12
luj
by the mules carrying the siege towers " and the other
613
JOSEPHUS
I):
615
JOSEPHUS
132 (vii, 1) OveoTraoLauo? he rrj TroAct rcou ra^dpojv^ eTTeXOoju alpel re Kara TrpajT-qv e(j)ohov av~i^v
133 fxaxip-ou ttXtjOov? ep-qpLOV KaraXa^ow, Kal TrapeXdojv etdcxj Tiavras rjfSrjbou dvaLpel /xr^Se^ttd^ rcoi
'PcopLacajv rfXiKias eXeou TTOiovpievojv /xtcret [rep
6j6
1 instruc-
VOL. II
x2 617
JOSEPHUS
siaii
s it.
3f encouraging them to hold out when possibly inclined to repent. If the magistrates intended to
negotiate, they were asked to reply to that effect
without delay ; if they decided to continue the war,
619
JOSEPHUS
* The Jews may well have had a camp extra muros in the
;arly days of the siege ; this must have been rapidly driven
n as we hear no more of it. The Latin has, " the Jews
nerely held their ground opposite the Romans who were
ncamped outside the walls."
621
JOSEPHUS
154 TTapara^djievoi he St' oA)7? T^/xepa? vvktl 8taAuoi^rat, rpcoGavreq pev TrXetGrouf; 'Pa>pLaLCxji^
SeKarpel? 8' dveXovres' avroju 8' eireGov p.ei
heKaenrd, rpavpLariai 8' iyevovro e^aKOGLOc.
155 (6) Tfj 8' VGrepaia [r)piepa\ TraAti' TrpoG^dXXovGL Toi? 'Pco/xatot? eTTc^eA^op'Te? /cat 77oAu /caprepojTepov dvTLTraperd^avro, dappaXecorepoL p^ev in
slope at the point where the wall offered little difficulty, Josephus, alarmed for the fate of the town,
made a sally with the whole multitude of the Jews.
Falling in a body upon the Romans they drove them
from the ramparts and performed many signal feats
of prowess and daring. However, they suffered as
much loss as they inflicted, for if the Jews were
emboldened by despair, the Romans were no less
roused by shame ; on the one side were skilled
experience and strength, the other had recklessness
for its armour," and passion for its leader. The battle
lasted all day, and night alone parted the combatants.
Of the Romans very many were wounded and thirteen
killed. The Jewish casualties were seventeen killed
and six hundred wounded.
Jotapata.
623
JOSEPHUS
160 aKpcopetav. kvkXoO^v S' dXXois opeoLV KaXvnrofJiur], nplv eloa^yLKOiTo ti? ets" avrriv, TTavjeXojs
doparos r)i^. et;( /iei' ouv' ovrujg oxvporrjros
^IcoraTrdTr).
624
625
JOSEPHUS
170 rots' yeppois eveTripL-paoai', li^XP^ ovvels OveoTraOLav6<; rrju hiaipeotv rojv epyojv alriav elvai rijs
jSActjSr;?, ra yap 8Laor-qpLara rols 'louSat'oi? rrpoo^oXrjs TTapelx^v rorrov, evol rd OKeTrdapiara, Kal
ovva(f)6eiorjs a/xa avrolg rrjs Svi'dpieojs dveLpxO^]oav
at rwv ^\ovhaLOJV Trapahvoeis .
(10) The embankment was now rising and almost Counteron a level with the battlements, when Josephus, josephui
thinking it shameful if he could not devise some |'eighten
627
JOSEPHUS
175 repdv 8e erraX^LV i(f)r)piJL6Gavro. rovro rols PcofjialoLg rjSrj rrjs ttoXccos vt6? olop^evoLS etVat
77oAAt7i^ inoLrjaev ddvpLLav, Kal Trpos re ttjv eTTLVotav
rod ^lojGrjTTOV Kal to Trapdor-qpia tojv IttI rrjs
TToXeojs KareTrXdyrjoav.
181 (12) Tot? 8e oiVou jjiev ttXyjOos rji' evhov Kal rwv
" lieinach quotes \'egetius iv. 15, showing that this method
of defence was known to the Romans.
628
620
JOSEPHUS
1S4 ot Se TO TaiJueveodat xaXeTTUjrepov evheias vrreXap.^avov, Kal ro /lit) avre^ovotov avroju ttXIov eKU'ei
T-qv 6p^Lv, Kal KaBd-n^p etV eoxo-rov rjSrj Siipov?
TjpoTjKOVTes d-niKa\xvov. SiaKeLfievoL 8' outco? ovk
630
631
JOSEPHUS
JjpOVUTO.
194 77* avTO) fjLOucp KeipLevov; elvai ydp rfj voXeL Kal
ocoTTipia^ ixev eXnlq napaixevojv ^^ Travro^ dyatVLGOfxeiou 1' avrdi^ vpoOupoj^ , kop aXdjatu be,
^ ^avrC.. HA.
' Text unceridiii : Herwerden read^ (\7ri.ia 7rapc.M^^o^Ta.
632
633
JOSEPHUS
635
JOSEPHUS
200 Tfj 6* ^^^S opoLOJS Kal rfj ^pirr] Kal inl ov\vd<;
Tjpepa? Kal vvKra? noXepojv ovk Kapvv.
207 (18) OveoTTaoLavo? he rwu^ Pcvpaicov KaKovpduoju Tat? eVSpo/xat?, rpe-eoOai re yap vtto
^lovhaioji' fjSovvro Kal rpaTievrojv evihiiOKeLV
pdpeL rwv d-nXajv rjoav PpaSels, ol re 'louSaioi
TTpiv n rraOelv del Spdwres dve^evyov els rrjv
208 TToXiVy rols pev onXiraLS rds oppds avrujv IkKXiveiv eKeXevoev Kal prj ovpvXeKeodai davartooii
210 OKorrd)V aTTopovpeuas , uionep vXrjs ro TTvp vpoor^Ketv ye pL-qv Kal 'PcupaioL^ per^ do(f)aXeia? Ka
ro VLKau, d>? du ovk e^ dvdyKTjq TToXepovotu, dXXc
637
JOSEPHUS
215 Kal KaXetraL, rervTrajfievoj. KaraLOjpelraL 8e ko.XoLS fxeoos cjOTTep oltto TrXdoriyyos irepas ookov,
oravpoLS eKarepajdei' ebpaloig V7TGrripiypivqs.
216 dv<jjdovpivos hk vtto ttXtjOovs dvhpcbv els ro Karo7TLV, Tcjv aincbv ddpocos TrdXiu els rovfJLTrpoaOev e77t^pLodvTiov rvTTTei rd Tet-x''] '^d> TTpoavexovri GLh-qpcp
gave way, but once past the reach of their adversaries' long-range projectiles they flung themselves
furiously on the Romans and fought desperately,
prodigal of life and limb," one party after another
relieving their exhausted comrades.
(19) The length of the siege and the sallies of the The
enemy made Vespasian feel that the position was ['am appu*.
639
>iini
:r(i
J05EPHUS
223 /Lt7];\^at'r)jLtaro9. oaKKOvg dxvpcov 7TXrjpa)(TauTa<; eVeXevaev KaOifidv KaO^ o (fjepofievov del rou Kpiov
224 rag TrXrjyds kk1'olv rfj ^j^aui^drr^rt. rovro nXeiorrfv biarpL^rjV 77apecr;^ev rot? 'Pa>/xatot?, Kad o
fJLeu TpdrroLeu ttjv fj.TjxcLi'-qv dvTLTrapayovTtov tous
odKKOvg Toji^ VTTepOev, vTTO^aXXoi^Tcov re^ rai? ip,^oXalg, COS" p-T^Sev Kar' dvTLrvrrLav ^XdrrreoOaL to
22tj odKKOVs de-rep.vov. ivepyov 8e ovrco rijg iXeTToXeojg yei'opidvrjg Kal rov relxovg, veonayeg yap
i^u, evBihovTOs yj^'Tj, TO XoLTTOu ettI rrjv eV rrvpog
' Ttie f\^7ro.\ts, here used for the ram, was originally the
640
(20) Josephus, seeing that under the repeated Counterows constantly directed upon the same spot the of the^
all was on the verge of collapsing, devised a method [*f ^"^'^? I
' paralysing for a while the force of the machine, to the
e directed that sacks filled with chaff should be fngTnTs.
t down by ropes at the place which the ram was seen
VOL. II Y 64<1
JOSEPHUS
232 77p6s ovhev be tovtojv err lot panels , ore to Telx'die^r] Kal TrepioTTTOS Trdaiv ttj? evToXpila? eoT
TOTe iXvGTTwpLevos V7T0 Twv TpavjJLaTOJV fieTa tc
* la^JLiov PAL.
642
(21) On this occasion one Jew who made his mark Jewish
leserves record and remembrance ; his name was ^^^'^'^^'^
Lleazar, son of Sameas, a native of Saba in Galilee,
lifting an enormous stone, he hurled it from the wall
t the ram with such force that he broke off its head ;
hen, leaping down, he carried off this trophy from
he midst of the enemy and bore it with perfect
omposure to the foot of the ramparts. Now become
target for all his foes, and receiving their hits in his
efenceless body, he was pierced by five arrows,
lut, without a thought for these, he scaled the wall
nd there stood conspicuous to all the admirers of his
ravery ; then, writhing under his wounds, he fell
eadlong with the ram's head in his hands. Next
3 him those who most distinguished themselves
ere two brothers, Netiras and Philip, also Galileans, from the village of Ruma " : dashing out
643
JOSEPHUS
236 rvrrro/j-evov to relxo?. evda rt? rajv dpLVVofjievcov diT^ avrov ^dXXet rou OveoTraaLavov jSe'Aei
Kara tov rapoov rod ttoSo? Kal TLrpa)GKL /xei
e77t7roAataj?, TTpoeKXvGauro^ to ^Xiqdkv rod 8taOTrjiJLaTO?, fieycGTOv 8e dopv^ou iveTTOtr^Geu rot^
233.
644
(23) Josephus and his men, though falling one Fierce nigh
ipon another under the hail of missiles from the thrRoman
catapults and stone-projectors, still were not driven
rom the battlements, but with fire, iron,^ and stones
continued to assail the soldiers who, under cover of
,heir wicker shelters, were propelling the ram. How-
' Usually= " sword-blade " : here probably iron arrowleads are meant (Horn. II. iv. 123).
645
JOSEPHUS
242 [levof avroL re yap vtto rrjg o<f)Tepas TreptXafjLTrofievoL (f)Xoy6g okotto? rjaav roig TToXep.ioi'S
evGvvoTTTOs, worrep iv rj/jbepa, Kal row opydvcvv
TToppcoOev ii-q ^XeTTOfJievcov 0VG(l)vXaKTOV rjv to
24.'> ^aXX6fjLvov. T) yovi'^ tcov o^v^eXojv Kal KaraTTeXrajv jSi'a TToXXovg afia hi-qXavvev, Kal ra>v vttc
ri]g fMriXOLi^fj? a^Lep.evajv rrerpajv 6 polLo^ eVaA^ets
re aTTeovpev Kal yojvias arreBpvTrre TTvpyojv
80.
6\6
647
JOSEPHLS
648
(24) Vespasian, having allowed his troops a brief Preparaespite after the fatigues of the night, reassembled escalade,
hem soon after daybreak for the final assault. His
bject was to draw off the defenders from the breach.
Vith this intention, he ordered the bravest of his
avalry to dismount and marshalled them in three
ivisions " opposite the ruined portions of the wall ;
rotected by armour from head to foot and with
mces couched, they were to be the first to enter the
JOSEPHUS
259 eVeAeucreV re Trpo^ p^kv tov dXaXaypiOV rcop raypidrcov d7T0(f)pd^aL rd? dKodg, to? dv pirj KaraTrXayelev
npo? Se TO rrXijdos rdv ^eXwu GVVOKXdaavrai
KaXvipaoOai KaBvTrepBev rot? dvpeols, U77o;\;copr^CTa
re 77 pog dXcyov,^ ecu? rds (jiaperpas KevcoGOJGiv o
^ 7rp6? 6Xt70f J /car' oXLyov " little by little " L Lat. (perhaj
riphtly).
' " The engineer hoist with his own petard " {Hamlet,
u. iv.).
651
JOSEPHUS
148.
'j!
tei
(27) And now the trumpeters of all the legions Hand-tosimultaneously sounded, the troops raised a terrific onlhe^
shout, and at a given signal arrows poured from gangways
all quarters, intercepting the light. Mindful of
the injunctions of Josephus, his comrades screened
their ears from the shout and their bodies from the
volleys ; and, as the planks were laid, they dashed
out across them, before those who had laid them
could set foot on them In the ensuing hand-tohand fight with their mounting enemy, they disi played all manner of feats of strength and gallantry,
endeavouring in the depth of calamity to prove
themselves not inferior to men who, without the
same interests at stake, were so courageous. None
relaxed his struggle with a Roman until he had killed
him or perished. But whereas the Jews, now becoming exhausted by the incessant combat, had none
653
J05EPHUS
271 (28) '0 he ^]coor]7TO? ev Tat? dji-qxcLVtaLg ovfA,^ovXov Xa^d>v rrjv dvdyKTjV, rj S' iorlv heivT) Trpos
eLvoiav, orav avrrjv dTroyvcooLS epeOll^r], l,eov
^ fVAtrei' PA.
See 256.
654,
Q55
JOSEPHUS
284 Kal ov TrporpoTT-qg dXX epyojv beofxeuovg, Tipoovifjojaat p.kv rd xcofxara, Trvpyovg hk rpels,
TTevT-qKOV-ra nohwv to uipos KaoTou, KaTaoKevdoai
KeAeuaa? ndurodeu oih-qpci) KKaXvpipivovs , ojs
ibpaloi T Lev vtto ^pidovs Kal hvadXojTOL irvpi,
' Destinon (rf. A. vii. 239 (pepofxeifo^ fxi-a. ptV^s) : puinqi mss.
* Trpo3dai% PA ML.
656
657
JOSEPHUS
290 neljOVS Se hiax^Xlovs . 6 he rrjv puev ttoXlv SvgdXojrov KaraXa^ojv , rrpos yap r<2) (f>vGeL Kaprepc
rvyxdvetv ovGa Kal hiTrXco TrepL^oXcp rerelxi'CTTO, rrpoa7Trjvrr)K6rag he rovs e^ avrrjg irolpLovs eh l^o-XV^
Lhd)V GVfi^dXXei Kal rrpos oXiyov dvrLGXOvra\
roti
M
2-1'
tr;e;
Bdni
659
JOSEPHUS
296 G(l)TepoL- jJLeaoL 8e toIu bvolu KaTeuXovfievoL Trepi^oXojv ^vCpqVj^ TToXXol }ikv rot? dXXrjXoiV, noXXol
he Tois IhloL? TTepieTTeipovTo H4>eaiv, aTreipoi he
VTTO 'PcxjpLalcov eTTLTTTov ovhk OGOV 61? dpivvav
dvadappovvTes' Trpos yap toj KaTarreTTXrj^O at tovs
TToXepLLOvs Ta? ijjvxds avrcou eKXaaev tj tojv OLKeloji
* OlKdoiS P.
661
JOSEPHUS
307 (32) "KpieLvau 8e ovde ^aptapelg drrelparou uvp,(f>opd)v ddpoLodevres yap eirl to Tapitelv KaXovpLevov opog, OTrep avroT? eoriv dytov, Kara x^P^^
p,eu epbevou, TToXepuov 8' ^i-X^^ aTreLXrji/ 17 re gijuoSo?
662
(32) The Samaritans, too, did not escape their share Massac
663
JOSEPHUS
664
Jotapata.
665
JOSEPHUS
it^
666
667
JOSEPHUS
' 4Trl Niese: the interior mss. have irfpi (ttji/ TroXtop^jaf ).
+d7ra'Tes PAML. Xext doubtful.
668
' The Romans had entered from the north ( 158, 162).
669
JOSEPHUS
333 i(f)(jra)GLV ttjv o<f}ayr)V evBvyioi rrapeaxov . dvaljjLaKTOu 8' dv Tjv ai)-)(fiuai 'Poj/xatots" ro reXo? Trj<i
TToXiopKLag, el fiTj Kara, ttjv dXcoGLV ei? eTreaev
TLS' eKarovrdpxT]? rju ^ AvrojvLog, OvqaKei S eg
335 oojrrjpia? Koi ^OTjde tav vrpo? duoSov 6 6 d<j)vXdKTa>s d'jpeye rrjv )(elpa, kol (jiddoa? avrou
eKeluo? vvrret Kdrwdev vtto^ tov ^ov^coi^a hopan
/cat TTapaxprjP'CL hiepydi^erai.
338 KLGpLvpLOL. OveG'TTaGLavo? he tyjv re ttoXlv KaraGKdipau KeXeveL /cat rd (f)povpLa Trdvra TrpoGefM-
1 iiri PAL.
670
671
cave,
JOSEPHUS
341 Kal rou^ d7TOKpv(j)ov?.^ 6 de^ Trj? TrdAeoj? dAiGKOfievT]?, SaifjiovLOj TLVL ovvcpyia )(pr)GdiJ,vo?,
[xeoov fiev eavrov iKKXlnreL tojv iroXep.iojv , KaddXXerai 8e eig nva ^advv Xolkkov, (L TrXarv aTT-qXaLOif
dveXdelv.
' + Tr)% Tr6\(LL}^ nvxoC'S M\'R.C. " the secret recesses of the
city." 2 +dpTt MVRC.
^ *= by the
Romans :
invited t
1 ., T- 1. T surrendji
VOL. II z 673
JOSEPHUS
349 dvSpa yevvalov. TTpoGeTiOei 8' co? out' dv OveGTTaoiavos ivehpevoju (f)LXov e7TiJL7Tu, Lva tol
KaKLorov TTpdyfjLaros tt pooTrjoriT ai to KdXXiorov
dmoTLas (jyiXlav, ovh^ dv avros dnaT-qoajv dvhpo
4>iXov UTTrjKovoev iXdelv.
353 lepeojv eyyovos. d>v enl rrjs rore ojpas evdov fa;
yevoixevos Kal rd <f)pLKa)hr) rwv 7rpoa<f)droj
oveipcxjv OTrdaas (jiavrdoyiara 7Tpoa4>epei rd) dec
674
675
JOSEPHUS
676
thrpatpn
ind God Himself hide His face for grief God who
677
JOSEPHUS
6ir}\\dxeai PAML
678
" Why, comrades," said he, " this thirst for our
own blood ? Why set asunder such fond companions
as soul and body ? One says that I am changed :
well, the Romans know the truth about that. Another
says, * It is honourable to die in war ' : yes, but
according to the law of war, that is to say by the
hand of the conqueror. Were I now flinching from
the sword of the Romans, I should assuredly deserve
to perish by my own sword and my own hand ; but
if they are moved to spare an enemy, how much
679
JOSEPHUS
374 dp^ OVK loTe, OTL tujv ixkv e^LOVTOJV TOV ^iov KaTa
TOV T-qg (iiJcretus vo/jlov Kal to XrjcjiQev Trapd tov
deov xpeos eKTLVvvTOjv, oTav 6 hovs KoiiioaaBai
deXr/, KXeo? p.ev alwvLov, olkol Be Kal yeveal ^ejSatot, Kadapal be Kal eTT-qKOOL p.evovGiv at ipv^aL,
Xojpov ovpdvLOv^ Xaxovoai rov dytcoTaTov, evdev
K TTepLTpoTTTJs alujvojv dyvol^ TrdXiv dvTeVOLKL-
680
VOL. II z2 681
JOSEPHUS
382 d-najXela, Kal ye Trj epiavTOV. ttjv pievTOL 'Pojp^alojv evehpav evxopiaL- pLeTa yap Seftdv' dv
aipovpLevog vn' avTcZv evdvpLOS Tedvri^op.ai, ttji
tCjv xpevoap-evajv dmoTiav uiKTjS pLelt^ova d7T0<^epLiJi
vapapivdiav."
' Text corrupt : 1 suggest rd? rCju iraTipuiv v^peii ; the text
may have arisen out of an erroneous rovs corrected in the
margin to Td$.
683
JOSEPHLS
since devoted themselves to death ; they were, therefore, infuriated at him, and ran at him from this
side and that, sword in hand, upbraiding him as a
coward, each one seeming on the point of striking
him. But he, addressing one by name, fixing his
general's eye of command upon another, clasping the
hand of a third, shaming a fourth by entreaty, and
torn by all manner of emotions at this critical moment,
succeeded in warding off from his throat the blades
of all, turning like a wild beast surrounded by
the hunters to face his successive assailants. Even
in his extremity, they still held their general in
reverence ; their hands were powerless, their swords
glanced aside, and many, in the act of thrusting at
him, spontaneously dropped their weapons.
685
JOSEPHUS
392 (8) '0 /xev ovv ovTOjg rov re 'Pojfiaicov Kat rov
OLKelov^ SLacfyvyoju TrdAe/iiOP ctti OveoTraaLai'ov
rov oiKelov L: ^u'f OiKfiwv most M?5. ; r^i/ r^^i, oiKiiwv SaDer.
6S6
however (should one say by fortune or by the providence of God ?), was left alone with one other ;
and. anxious neither to be condemned by the lot
nor, should he be left to the last, to stain his hand
with the blood of a fellow-countryman, he persuaded
this man also, under a pledge, to remain alive.
(8) Having thus survived both the war with the Josephus
Romans and that with his own friends, Josephus was vespasiai
brought by Nicanor into Vespasian's presence. The
Romans all flocked to see him, and from the multitude
old.
687
JOSEPHUS
399 (9) Tovro OLKOvaas 6 'IcoarjTTO? pLovco ri 6taXexOrjvai deXetv eXeyev airro). (jLeraGrrjuapLevov 8*
iKLVOV ttXtjv rod TratSo? TtVou Kal Svolv (jiiXcjjv
400 'o us dXXovs d-TTavra? " oi) txev," L7Tv, " Oveorraoiave, vop-iteis alx^xaXajTov avro fiovov eiXr]0eVat Tov '\coa-q7Tov, iyoj S' ayyeAos rJKco aoi
/xet^oVcov fXT) yap vtto Oeov rrpoTTeix-oiJLevos fjheiv
TOV '\ovha.iwv vo^iov, KOi rrcug crrpaT-qyolg oltto-
ict..
Vespasiau s
accessioQ a:
main influence in saving the prisoner's life Vespasian, however, ordered hino to be guarded with every
precaution, intending shortly to send him to Nero.**
ordered all to withdraw except his son Titus and two Emperor
689
JOSEPHUS
406 8iaKpovoijLvov rag eV avrou opyds- 6 8e 'Icocrr^770? KOL Tols ^\cora7TarrjVols on fierd TeaaapaKOcrrrjv
l^hoixrjv r^p.epav dXujoovrai TrpoeiTreZv e(f)rj, Kal
690 ''''
691
JOSEPHUS
re Kal Irmels drrl rr)v ^lomrr^v, ol vvKra>p (jj<; d4\^ (f)vXaKrov elaepxovrai rrjv ttoXlv . oi 8' eu avrfj
(2) Meanwhile, the Jews who had been driven by The pira
sedition from the towns and the refugees, whose pnrsTe'd
homes had been destroyed, had united their not ^'^^ ^^^
inconsiderable forces, and, to provide themselves
with a base, rebuilt Joppa, recently devastated by
Gestius ^ ; and then, finding themselves cut off
from the country, which had passed into the
enemy's hands, they resolved to take to the sea.
They accordingly built themselves a fleet of
piratical ships and made raids on the traffic along
the coast of Syria and Phoenicia and the route to
Egypt, rendering navigation in those seas quite
impossible. Vespasian, on learning of this gang,
dispatched to Joppa a body of infantry and cavalry,
who entered the city by night, finding it unguarded.
The inhabitants had received news of the coming
attack, but in their alarm made no attempt to
693
JOSEPHUS
419 (3) 'AAifteVou 8' ovGTj? (f)VGL r-fjs ^Iottttt]?, alyiaXo) yap 77tA7]yet rpax^l Kal to fxev dXXo rrav
opdico, ^po-X^ ^^ ovvvVOVTL KaTOL TCI? Kpaia?
420 iKarepojdev at 8e etcrtv' KpripLvol ^adelg Kal rrpovXovoaL CTTTtAaSes" et? to TreXayos, evda Kal tojv
'Ay8po/xe8a? 8ecr/i.coP' Tt 8et/<vi;/xefot ttjttol ttl-
69^
the holes through which had passed the rings of the chains
vere still shown in his day). Cf. G. A. Smith, Hist. Geog.
,f Holy Land, 163 f.
Q95
JOSEPHUS
428 (4) '1 0777777 fjLev ovu ev oXlycp xpovto hevrepov vtto
>(
avTOfxaTi PA. ^.
696
wreckage from which they could not extricate themselves ; others, regarding the sword as a lighter evil
than the sea, anticipated drowning by suicide.
The majority, however, were swept to shore by the
waves and their bodies hurled and mangled against
the cliff's. A wide area of sea was red with their
blood, and the coast was covered with corpses ; for
he Romans, lining the beach, massacred those who
*vere cast up. The number of bodies washed up
imounted to four thousand two hundred. The Joppa is
Romans took the town vinthout opposition and razed Ihe^groand
t to the ground.
'' Cf. the description of " Fama " in Virg. Aen. iv. 173 ff.,
pecially 190, "facta atque infecta canebat," with "facts
nbroidered by fiction " in Josephus.
697
JOSEPHUS
435 rjyyeXXero . rovTO jieyLorov ra 'lepoaoAu/xa TreVdov? InXrjpojuev Kara p.iv ye oIkovs Kal Kara
avyyevLa? ot? Trpoa-qKcov Kauro<; tjv rcov aTToXat-
698
(6) But when time revealed the truth and all that Outcry
had really happened at Jotapata, when the death S'phi
of Josephus was found to be a fiction, and it became
known that he was alive and in Roman hands and
being treated by the commanding officers with a
respect beyond the common lot of a prisoner, the
demonstrations of wrath at his being still alive were
as loud as the former expressions of affection when
he was believed to be dead. Some abused him as
a coward, others as a traitor, and throughout the city
699
JOSEPHUS
443 (7) OuecTTraonai^o? 5e kq^' Laropiav rrjs 'Aypt7777a /SacrtAeta?. evrjycv yap jSacrtAei)? aurdt'/ a/xa
[5e] KQt he^LojoaoOai rov -qyefj-ova ovv rfj arpaTta Toj Kara rou olkou oXf^co tt poatpo'vpL^vo'; Kal
KaraoTelXaL 81' avTcou ra vooouuTa rrjs dpxrj'i,
ripas OiTTO TTJ? TTapdXov KaLoapelag et? r-qv OtA-
700
lii:
kingdom, to which the king had invited him with the ^ifestat"*
double object of entertaining the general and his caesarea
PhiliDDi
701
JOSEPHUS
SKaSdp)(r]v OvaXepiavov ovv l7T7TVGLV TrevrrjKovra hiaXexOy^oofJLevov ^Ip-qvLKa rot? /caret rrjv
ttoXlv Kal 77 porpeiJjojjLevou eVt 7tlgtl?' dKr]K6eL
yap, o)? ETndvjxoi-q fiev elprjvrjg 6 SrjfJLog, KaraCTracria^otro 8' vrro tlvojv TToXepielv ^Lal^ofievojv.
10,
hi
1 mission,
703
JOSEPHUS
VOL. 11 2 A 705
JOSEPHUS
icked cavalry.
tk
VOL. II 2 A 2 707
JOSEPHUS
708
709
JOSEPHUS
^ovs Kal 07 paTTjyoviievoL Trpog do7 parrjyrjTovs 8taycovi^eode, /cat cos u/xa? piv TaOra TToWanXaaLovs
7T0LL TO. 77 XeoveKTiqfjLar a, ttoXv 8e 70V rcov iroXe-
478 fJiiaju dpidfjLOV Trapatpetrat to. iXa77copLa7a. Ka7opdoL he 70V TToXeijLOVS ov TrXriSog duOpojTTOJv, kolv
fj fid^Lfioi',^ di'Speia he, Kav ev oXiyois' ol p.iv ye*
Koi 7d^ao6aL^ pdhioL /cat TtpooayiVveLV eaurot?, at
5' VTTepoyKOL hvidfjLeLS u</>* av7a)V ^Xd7T70U7ai
451 fiovlav ev dv7L7:dXaj 76. ^lovhaicov 7Ldeodat; OKe777eov S* ort /cat Tradelu fieu ovhev dvqKeo7ov -qpLU
<f>6^og' 770XX0I yap OL ^orjBr]OOV7es Kal TrXiqoiov
dpndoai he 7T]v vlktjv hwdpLeda, Kal xpr) roi)? vnc
rov rra7p6s TrefiTTOfievov? rjiilv GvpLpLaxovg (l)ddveLV
LV^ dKOLva)vri76u 7e fj to Ka76p6ajiJLa Kal {lellfOV
710
711
JOSEPHUS
4S5 (3) Tavra rov Tltov Ste^toi^ros' Trpodvp-ia 8aipLOVLOs pL7TLTL Tot? QP'dpaatv', KQi 77 pouyevoptevov
TTplv GvpL^aXelv TpaiayoO /Ltera TeTpaKOoiwv lttTTeajv 7J0X0.XX01' (jjs pLeiovpLeurjs rrj<i vIktis avTols
713
JOSEPHUS
493 dpxT]S, Kal Tore Slol t')7P' rjTrav TrXeov 6 8' cttt^Au?
TToXug a)U TrXelou c^ia^ero, Kal hiajpyiopLevcov en
dXXrjXoLS KpavyT] re rjv Kal dopv^o? tu? ooov ovtto)
495 ^aode rrjv vlktjv. ovk OLKovere ^oijs; araaidt,ovaLV ol rds x^^P^'^ tj/jlcju 8ta<^uyoVT9.' exofiev
rrjv ttoXlv, edv raxvvajpLev hel 8e ttovov npog
ro) rdx^i- Kal Xrjiiaros' ovhkv yap rcbv fieydXojv
" Probably, as suggested bv Reinach. the incident recorded in Suet. Tit. 4 took place on this occasion : " Taricheas et Gamalam (the latter was really taken by Vespasian*
iv. 4 flF.) . . . in potestatem redegit, equo quadam acie sub
feminibus amisso alteroque inscenso, cuius rector circa se
dimicans occubuerat."
7U
J0SEPHU5
499 (f)vyoi^, ol 8' 771 r-qw XipLVi^v KaTad.ovre<^ vttavTidt,ovoLV ToZs TroXefiLOLS TrepLeTTLTrrow eKT^ivovro
8' ol fieu ini^aivovr^s rcov (TKa(f)cou, ol 8e rots'
716
** The town was unwalled on the side facing the lake ( i64,).
^ 469.
717
JOSEPHUS
506 (7) 'H Se Xtfiurj Teuurjuap [jlu oltto rrj? vpoa)(ovs \<x>pa? KaXelraL, uTahicov 8' evpos ovaa
reaaapdiKOUTa Kal Trpo? rovroi'^ irepcuv eKarov
TO fj.rjKO?, yXvKeld re ofioj? iarl Kal ttoti/xcutciti]'
(7) The lake of Gennesar takes its name from the Descrip
adjacent territory. It is forty furlongs broad andoJoena hundred and forty long.'^ Notwithstanding its nesaretl
extent, its water is sweet to the taste and excellent
to drink : clearer than marsh water with its thick
sediment, it is perfectly pure, the lake everywhere
ending in pebbly or sandy beaches. Moreover,
when drawn it has an agreeable temperature, more
pleasant than that of river or spring water, yet
invariably cooler than the great expanse of the lake
would lead one to expect. It becomes as cold as
snow when one has exposed it to the air, as the
people of the country are in the habit of doing during
the summer nights. The lake contains species of
fish different, both in taste and appearance, from
those found elsewhere. The Jordan runs through The Jor
the middle of the lake. This river has its apparent source^
source at Panion ^ ; in reality it rises in the pool
called Phiale from which it passes by an unseen
subterranean channel to Panion. Phiale will be
found at a distance of a hundred and twenty furlongs
from Caesarea (Philippi), on the right of and not
far from the road ascending to Trachonitis ; the
pool derives its name Phiale ^ from its circular form ;
719
JOSEPHUS
512 firjd' VTTepx^ojievov. ayvoovfxevos Se Teco? o 'lop6dur)<; iuTevOev dpx^oOau Slol tov 7TpapxT]oavTog
(8) Skirting the lake of Gennesar, and also bearing The fer
that name, lies a region whose natural properties cennes
and beauty are very remarkable.^ There is not a '^^^^
plant which its fertile soil refuses to produce, and
its cultivators in fact grow every species ; the air
is so well-tempered that it suits the most opposite
varieties. The walnut, a tree which delights in the
most wintry climate, here grows luxuriantly, beside
palm-trees, which thrive on heat, and figs and olives,
which require a milder atmosphere. One might say
that nature had taken pride in thus assembling, by a
tour de force, the most discordant species in a single
spot, and that, by a happy rivalry, each of the
seasons wished to claim this region for her own.
721
JOSEPHUS
621 AXe^avSpeojv \ijjLvqv KopaKLVoj TTapaTrXrjoLov. firjKos Se rov xcoplov Trapareluet Kara rou alyiaXov
u J I u .J J '^' ^ ^ ontheli
^^m ^ j6WlSll I
723
JOSEPHL'S
7^4
725
J0SEPHU5
rrjs" TToXeco? vponpov vtaovoLi' c^aK:ia;(tAtot irrra-
533 Kal rovTov? ocoLeiv ioKeTrreTo. <j)ap.vajv 8e tovTujv pXa^epdv eoeadau rrju d(f>eGLV avTd)v, ov yap
-qpepLTjOeLV arroXvdevTas dvdpcoTTOvs iareprjpLevov?
piu 7(jov TTaTpibajVy ^idieodaL he Kal 77p6? ovg
634 at' KarachvyajaLv TroAcfxetv hwap-evov^; , Ov(j7Taaiavog cus" p.v ovt^ 0.^^01 oojrrjpLag eiev Kal^
SLa(i)V^our at Kara tujv d(f)evr<jjv^ iyivtooKev, lov
VICTORIA NAVALIS.
727
JOSEPHUS
539 GvyKXeiOVOL 8' avrous ctV rrju ttoXlu. Kal Ov(j7Tacnavos eTTeXdow Xcrvqai Trdvras iw rco araoiw,
Kal yrjpaLov^ jjLev a/xa rotS" d;^p7]CTT0ts' StaKOCTtou?
542 o fjLV"70L ye aAAo? o;(Ao? Tpax^JvlraL Kal TavXavlraL Kal 'IrTTT-qvol Kal ck rrjs TahapLTtSo? to
TrXeov ojs' GraataGTal Kal ^uyaSes" Kal oh rd
rrjs elpTji'T]?^ dveldrj t6i> iroXepiOv Trpov^evet. eaAojaav Se] TopTnaiov pirjuog oyhor],
^ eiri] 6 Tc VRC.