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arterioles
venules
veins
Two circulations
o Systemic circulation:
Pulmonary circulation:
tunica intima
tunica media
o
tunica externa
o
o
muscular arteries
tunica media contains more smooth muscle
arterioles
large amount of smooth muscle in tunica media
very responsive to signals from the sympathetic nervous
system in terms of vasoconstricting or vasodilating
atherosclerosis
veins
o venous walls are always thinner than an arterial wall that is the same
distance away from the heart
o
o
o
blood pressure = force exerted per unit of surface area against the inner
walls of a blood vessel
o
o
polycythemia
vessel length
MAP continues to drop in the veins- several features help to maintain blood
flow through the veins even though pressure is low
o venous valves --prevent backward flow of blood
o
skeletal muscles
muscles bulge when contracted -- pushes on veins to send blood
to heart
then, during muscular relaxation, venous valves prevent
backflow
stethoscope
damage to heart
increased workload
structural changes
resistance
o arterioles create the most vascular resistance
blood volume
o normally is fairly constant
o long term mechanisms involving hormonal regulation and kidney
function can change blood volume which then lead to changes in blood
pressure