1

This print-out should have 23 questions.

Multiple-choice questions may continue on
the next column or page find all choices
before answering.

3. solid/liquid equilibrium
4. liquid correct
5. gas

001 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points

Refer to the following phase diagram for the
next 3 questions.
400

pressure (atm)

100

Explanation:
Starting with the region adjacent to the
pressure axis, the ordering is solid, liquid, and
gas going clockwise. The intersection of 1
atm and 250 K is in the bottom portion of the
liquid region.
003 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points
When the solid phase of this substance is subjected to a considerable amount of pressure it
will

50
1
0.1

1. melt. correct

0.03

100

200
300
temperature (K)

400

500

What is the critical temperature of this

substance?
1. 140 K
2. 525 K
3. 475 K correct
4. 185 K
5. 320 K
Explanation:
The liquid/gas equilibrium line ends at the
critical point which corresponds to a critical
temperature of 475 K and a critical pressure
of 85 atm.

2. remain a solid.
3. sublime.
4. go supercritical.
Explanation:
The solid/liquid equilibrium line WILL ultimately be crossed, as you go to higher and
higher pressures. As you cross the line the
solid phase will MELT into the liquid phase.
004 10.0 points
Note: This isnt asking you to list all the phase
changes that occur, only what phases will be
present once the container gets to equilibrium
at the temp indicated.
When solid CO2 (dry ice) is allowed to come
to equilibrium in a closed constant volume
container at room temperature (300 K),
1. the pressure rises until it reaches 1 atm.

002 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points

What is the state of the substance when it is
at 1 atm and 250 K?
1. solid

2. the pressure rises until a solid-gas equilbrium is reached.

3. the pressure rises until a liquid-gas equilbrium is reached. correct

2. its critical point

4. the pressure rises until a liquid-solid equi-

2
Now we can use the molarity to find the volume that contains 0.182 moles NaBr:

lbrium is reached.
5. the pressure does not change.
Explanation:
005 10.0 points
How many grams of a 19.3% potassium sulfate solution would contain 478.7 g potassium
sulfate?
Correct answer: 2480.31 g.
Explanation:
percent of K2 SO4 = 19.3% mK2 SO4 = 478.7 g
mass solute
Percent =
100%
mass solution
= 19.3%

? L solution = 0.182 mol NaBr

1 L solution

0.256 mol NaBr

= 0.71 L solution
There are 18.7 g NaBr in 0.71 L of the solution.
007

10.0 points

What is the molality of 11.2 M HCl(aq)

with a density of 1.0745 g/cm3 ?

Mass solute in 100 g solution = 19.3 K2 SO4 .

Correct answer: 16.8125 m.

Mass solution with 478.7 g K2 SO4

100 g solution
= 478.7 g K2 SO4
19.3 K2 SO4
= 2480.31 g .

Explanation:
M = 11.2 M
d = 1.0745 g/cm3
MWH = 1.0079 g/mol MWCl = 35.45 g/mol

006 10.0 points

What volume of 0.256 M sodium bromide
contains 18.7 grams of sodium bromide?
1. 4.79 L

1.0 L of 11.2 M HCl(aq) will contain

11.2 mol with a mass of

2. 73.0 L

11.2 mol 36.4579 g/mol = 408.328 g .

3. 493 L
4. 0.710 L correct
Explanation:
mNaBr = 18.7 g

MWHCl = 1.0079 g/mol + 35.45 g/mol

= 36.4579 g/mol .

[NaBr] = 0.256 M

We are asked to find the volume of a solution that contains a certain mass of sodium
bromide, NaBr. The solution is 0.256 M
NaBr. Since molarity (M) means moles solute/L solution, we can write this as the ratio
0.256 mol NaBr
1 L solution
This ratio links moles NaBr to volume. First
we convert grams NaBr to moles NaBr:
1 mol NaBr
? mol NaBr = 18.7 g NaBr
102.9 g NaBr
= 0.182 mol NaBr

The density of the 1.0 L of solution is

1.0745 g/cm3 , so the total mass in the solution is 1074.5 g.
This leaves
1074.5 g 408.328 g = 666.172 g as water.
Thus

mHCl =

11.2 mol HCl

= 16.8125 m .
0.666172 kg solvent

008 10.0 points

A dissolution process is exothermic if the
amount of energy released in bringing about
? interactions is greater than the sum of

the amounts of energy absorbed in overcoming

and

interactions.

1. solvent-solute; solute-solute; crystal lattice

2. solvent-solute;
solvent correct

solute-solute;

solvent-

3. solute-solute; crystal lattice; solventsolvent

4. solvent-solvent; solute-solute; solventsolute
5. solute-solute; solvent-solvent; solventsolute
Explanation:
In the course of dissolution, you disrupt
solute-solute interactions and solvent-solvent
interactions in order to create new solventsolute interactions. So you can imagine that
you have to invest energy to break up solutesolute interactions and solvent-solvent interactions. However, you get energy back in
the creation of solvent-solute interactions. If
your investment in solute-solute and solventsolvent interactions is less than your return in
solvent-solute interactions, excess energy (as
heat) will be produced and the reaction will
be exothermic.
009 10.0 points
Which of the following is the best explanation
of why sugar is not very soluble in gasoline?
Note that all of the statements below are true.
1. The attractive forces between gasoline
molecules are weaker than the forces between
gasoline and sugar molecules.
2. There is hydrogen bonding in the sugar
crystal, but not between sugar and gasoline.
correct
3. The disorder of the system would increase
if the sugar dissolved in gasoline.
4. Sugar does not ionize in gasoline.

5. There are dipole-dipole interactions between sugar molecules but not between gasoline molecules.
Explanation:
The sugar molecule has several polar OH
groups which are strongly attracted to polar water molecules but poorly attracted to
nonpolar gasoline (hydrocarbon) molecules.
010 10.0 points
Consider an aqueous solution of CaCl2 and
the following statements:
Z1) Hydration is a special case of solvation in
which the solvent is water.
Z2) The oxygen ends of water molecules are
attracted toward Ca2+ ions.
Z3) The hydrogen ends of water molecules
are attracted toward Cl ions.
Which response contains all of the statements that are true and no false statements?
1. Z3
2. Z2
3. Z1 and Z2
4. Z1
5. Z1, Z2, and Z3 correct
Explanation:
O
H+

H+

Z1 is true; hydration cannot happen with

any other solvent than water.
Z2 and Z3 are also true since oxygen ( )
will be attracted to the positive Ca+ and
the hydrogen (+) will be attracted to the
negative Cl ions.
011 10.0 points
Rank the species
CH3 OH, CH3 Br, H2 O, C4 H10
from most to least miscible in ammonia (NH3 )

4
1. CH3 OH > H2 O > CH3 Br > C4 H10

when one considers the unity of solubility such

as grams per liter, etc.

2. CH3 OH > H2 O > C4 H10 > CH3 Br

3. H2 O > CH3 OH > CH3 Br > C4 H10 correct
4. H2 O > CH3 Br > C4 H10 > CH3 OH
5. CH3 Br > C4 H10 > H2 O > CH3 OH

013 10.0 points

The solubility of oxygen at a certain temperature is 8 ppm. If the partial pressure of
oxygen is doubled at this temperature, the
solubility...
1. is cut in half.

Explanation:
Like dissolves like. Ammonia is highly
polar and forms hydrogen bonds and therefore
the most miscible species will be the most
polar and especially those which can form
hydrogen bonds. In this case, that is H2 O
followed by CH3 OH, CH3 Br and C4 H10 .

Explanation:

012 10.0 points

Which of the following would increase the
solubility of nitrogen gas, N2 (g), in the solvent
methanol?
I) changing to a less polar solvent
II) increasing the amount of solvent
III) increasing the pressure of N2 (g)

014 10.0 points

Calculate the vapor pressure at 20 C of a
solution containing 3.189 g of naphthalene in
13.5 g of chloroform (CHCl3 ). Naphthalene
(C10 H8 ) has a low vapor pressure and may
be assumed to be nonvolatile. The vapor
pressure of chloroform at 20 C is 156 torr.

2. is unchanged, i.e., Henrys Law.

3. is squared.
4. doubles. correct

1. I and III correct

Correct answer: 127.867 torr.

2. I and II

Explanation:
mC10 H8 = 3.189 g
0
PCHCl
= 156 torr
3

3. II only
4. I, II and III
5. III only
6. II and III
7. I only
Explanation:
The solubility of a gas is directly proportional to the gas pressure, inversely proportional to the temperature of the solvent. Considering the principle of like dissolve like, a
non-polar species such as N2 (g) will be more
soluble in non-polar solvents. The volume
of the solvent does not impact the solubility,
which is an intensive property; this is evident

mCHCl3 = 13.5 g

0
PCHCl3 = XCHCl3 PCHCl
3
nCHCl3
0
PCHCl
=
3
nCHCl3 + nC10 H8
13.5 g
119.38 g/mol
=
13.5 g
3.189 g
+
119.38 g/mol 128.17 g/mol
156 torr
= 127.867 torr

015 10.0 points

A solution is made by mixing 81 g of n-propyl
chloride (C3 H7 Cl) and 36 g of n-propyl bromide (C3 H7 Br). What is the vapor pressure
of n-propyl chloride in the solution at 25 C?

5
The vapor pressure of pure n-propyl chloride
is 347 torr and that of n-propyl bromide is 133
torr, both at 25 C. Assume that the solution
is an ideal solution.
Correct answer: 270.288 torr.
Explanation:
mC3 H7 Cl = 81 g
mC3 H7 Br = 36 g
0
0
PC3 H7 Cl = 347 torr
PC3 H7 Br = 133 torr
Pnpropyl chloride = Xnpropyl chloride
0
Pnpropyl
chloride
 1 mol 
nC3 H7 Cl = (81 g)
= 1.03132 mol
78.5 g
 1 mol 
nC3 H7 Br = (36 g)
= 0.292707 mol
123.0 g
1.03132
Pnpropyl chloride =
1.03132 + 0.292707
347 torr
= 270.288 torr

016 10.0 points

At 20 C the vapor pressure of pure methanol

(CH3OH) is 89.0 torr and of pure water (H2 O)
is 17.5 torr. A solution of methanol and water
has a total vapor pressure of 45.6 torr at
20 C. Calculate the mole fraction of methanol
in this solution. Assume the solution obeys
Raoults Law.

017 10.0 points

Find the normal boiling point of a saturated
solution of LiF at 100 C, assuming it undergoes complete dissociation. The solubility
of LiF is 230 mg/100 g of water at 100 C,
and the boiling point constant of water is
0.51 K kg/mol.
Your answer must be within 0.01%
Correct answer: 100.09 C.
Explanation:
230 mg
0.23 g
s=
=
100 g H2 O
0.1 kg H2 O
kb = 0.51 K kg/mol
MW = 25.9394 g/mol
Tb = i kb m
LiF dissociates to give 2 ions in solution, so
i = 2, and
Tb = 2 (0.51 K kg/mol)


0.23 g
25.9394 g/mol

0.1 kg
= 0.0904416 K = 0.0904416 C .
The boiling point will be
100 C + 0.0904416 C = 100.09 C .

Correct answer: 0.393007.

Explanation:
0
0
PCH
= 89.0 torr
Pwater
= 17.5 torr
3 OH
Ptot = 45.6 torr
Xwater = 1 Xmethanol
0
Ptot = Xmethanol Pmethanol
0
+ Xwater Pwater
45.6 torr = (Xmethanol )(89 torr)
+ (1 Xmethanol )
(17.5 torr)
45.6 torr = 89 Xmethanol + 17.5
17.5 Xmethanol
45.6 torr 17.5 = (89 17.5) Xmethanol
28.1
= 0.393007
Xmethanol =
71.5

018 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points

Determine the molal concentration of a solution of ethylene glycol (HOCH2 CH2 OH) if
the solutions freezing point is 5.5 C.
Correct answer: 2.95699 m.
Explanation:
FP solution = 5.5 C
FPsolution = FPsolvent + tf
tf = FPsolution FPsolvent
= 5.5 C 0 C
= 5.5 C

6
tf = Kf m
5.5 C
tf
=
m=
= 2.95699 m
Kf
1.86 C/m
019 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
What mass of ethylene glycol would you dissolve in 334 g of water to prepare such a
solution?
Correct answer: 61.2333 g.
Explanation:
msolvent = 0.334 kg H2 O
m=

A 12 mL solution containing 0.166 g of catalase exhibits an osmotic pressure of 1.2 Torr

at 20 C. What is the molar mass of catalase?
1. 421000
2. 149000
3. 158000
4. 2.11 105 g/mol correct

msolute = ?

moles of solute
mass of solvent (kg)

moles of solute = (m)(mass of solvent)

= (2.95699 m)(0.334 kg)
= 0.987634 mol

5. 230000
6. 181000
Explanation:
V = 12 mL = 0.012 L
T = 20 C + 273 = 293 K
R = 0.08206 L atm/K/mol
=n

(0.987634 mol solute)

 62.0 g solute 

mol solute
= 61.2333 g of solute

020 10.0 points

Glycerol (a non-electrolyte that can be used
as antifreeze in a car radiator) has a density
of 1.261 g/mL and a molecular weight of 92
g. If 100 mL are mixed with 1 kg of water,
what is a good estimate of the temperature
at which this solution will freeze ? Kfwater =
1.861C/molality.
1. 2.6 C correct
2. 0.0C
3. 0.23 C

RT
m RT
=
V
MW V

mRT
V
(0.166 g) (0.08206 L atm/K/mol)
MW =
(0.012 L)(1.2 Torr)


760 Torr
(293 K)
1 atm
= 2.10648 105 g/mol .
M=

022 10.0 points

Consider the solutions
I) 0.5 M Na2 SO4 ,
II) 0.6 M NaCl, and
III) 1.0 M sugar.
What answer gives the expected order of increasing (lowest, next, highest) osmotic pressure?

4. 12.4 C

1. III, I, and II

5. 4.8 C

2. II, III, and I

Explanation:
3. III, II, and I correct
021 10.0 points
Catalase (a liver enzyme) dissolves in water.

m = 0.166 g
= 1.2 Torr

4. II, I, and III

7
5. I, II, and III
Explanation:
The equation for osmotic pressure is
= M R T where is the osmotic pressure,
M is the molarity, and R and T are the same
for the ideal gas law. If molarity increases
then the osmotic pressure increases (they are
directly proportional). Since this is a colligitive property, it s the number of moles of the
particles that is important. The sugar has
the largest molarity, but since it does not ionize, there is only one mole of particles present.
Each NaCl ionizes to give two ions so the effective molarity is 2(0.6) = 1.2 M. And lastly
Na2 SO4 ; this also ionizes and gives three ions,
so its effective molarity is 3(0.5) = 1.5 M.
023 10.0 points
You can tell whether a mixture is a colloid or
a solution by
1. evaporating off the liquid.
2. shining a light though it. correct
3. letting the mixture stand for a while.
4. stirring it.
Explanation:
Light bounces off the colloids particles.