1

This print-out should have 18 questions.

Multiple-choice questions may continue on
the next column or page find all choices
before answering.
001 10.0 points
The equilibrium constant for the reaction
HNO2 (aq) + H2 O()
+
NO
2 (aq) + H3 O (aq)
is 4.3 104 at 25 C. Will nitrous acid spontaneously dissociate when [HNO2 (aq)] = 0.15
+
2
M and [NO
2 (aq)] = [H3 O (aq)] = 1.0 10
M?
1. Yes

0.644 mol
= 0.644 M
1.00 L
[SO3 ]2
Kc =
= 0.154
[SO2 ]2 [O2 ]
q
[SO3 ] = Kc [SO2 ]2 [O2 ]
q
= 0.154 (0.250)2 0.644

[O2 ] =

= 0.0787306 M

003 10.0 points

Note: Use Kc .
For the reaction
2 NOCl(g) 2 NO(g) + Cl2 (g) ,
if only [NOCl(g)] = 2.8 M initially, then at
equilibrium [NO(g)]= 1.2 M. What is the
equilibrium concentration of NOCl(g)? Assume that only reactants exist initially.

2. Unable to determine
3. No correct
Explanation:
0.012
Q=
= 6.7 104
0.15
therefore Q > K and reaction would proceed in a backward direction - the opposite of
dissociation.
002 10.0 points
At a certain temperature, the equilibrium
constant Kc is 0.154 for the reaction

1. 1.2 M
2. 3.2 M
3. 0.8 M
4. 1.6 M correct
5. 2.2 M
Explanation:

2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g)

2 SO3 (g)
What concentration of SO3 would be in
equilibrium with 0.250 moles of SO2 and 0.644
moles of O2 in a 1.00 liter container at this
temperature? Note: These latter moles are
the equilibrium values.
Correct answer: 0.0787306 M.
Explanation:
Kc = 0.154
nO2 = 0.644 mol

nSO2 = 0.25 mol

Vcontainer = 1.0 L

2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g)

2 SO3 (g)
[SO2 ] =

0.250 mol
= 0.250 M
1.00 L

004 10.0 points

A 26 g sample of ammonium carbamate
(NH4 (NH2CO2 )), was placed in an evacuated
0.25 L flask and kept at 25 C. At equilibrium,
18.4 mg of CO2 was present.
NH4 (NH2 CO2 )(s)
2 NH3 (g) + CO2 (g) .
What is the value of Kc for the decomposition of ammonium carbamate into ammonia
and carbon dioxide?
Correct answer: 1.87085 108 .

Explanation:
26 g NH4 (NH2CO2 )
78.07 g/mol NH4 (NH2CO2 )
= 0.333034 moles NH4 (NH2 CO2 )
At equlibrium,

2
0.0184 g CO2
= 0.000418087 moles CO2
44.01 g/mol CO2
From the balanced reaction, 2 mol NH3 are
formed per mol of CO2 formed, so
nNH3 = 2(0.000418087 mol)
= 0.000836174 mol

has an equilibrium constant Kc = 49 and the

initial concentrations of H2 , I2 and HI are 0.50
M, 0.50 M and 0.00 M, respectively. What is
the correct value for the final concentration of
HI(g)?
1. 0.389 M
2. 0.438 M

Kc = [NH3 ]2 [CO2 ]

2 

0.000836174
0.000418087
=
0.25 L
0.25 L
8
= 1.87085 10

4. 0.219 M

005 10.0 points

At T = 900 C, Kc = 144 for the gas-phase
reaction

6. 0.599 M

A+B
C+D
Starting with 3.46 moles each of A and B in
a 5.00 liter container, what will be the equilibrium concentration of C at this temperature?
Correct answer: 0.638769 M.
Explanation:
3.46 mol
[A] =
= 0.692 M
T = 900 C
5L
3.46 mol
[B] =
= 0.692 M
Kc = 144
5L

A
+
B
C + D
ini, M
0.692
0.692
0
0
, M
x
x
x
x
eq, M 0.692 x 0.692 x
x
x
[C][D]
= 144
[A][B]
x2
= 144
(0.692 x)2
x
= 12
0.692 x
x = 8.304 12 x
x = [C] = 0.638769 M
006 10.0 points
Suppose the reaction
H2 (g) + I2 (g)
2 HI(g)

3. 0.778 M correct

5. 0.250 M

Explanation:
Kc = 49
[H2 ]ini = 0.50 M
[I2 ]ini = 0.50 M
[HI]ini = 0.0 M
H2 (g) + I2 (g)
2 HI (g)
ini, M
0.5
0.5
0
, M
x
x
2x
eq, M
0.5 x
0.5 x
2x
Kc =

[HI]2
= 49
[H2 ] [I2]

(2x)2
= 49
(0.50 x)2
2x
=7
0.50 x
2x = 3.5 7x
9x = 3.5
x = 0.389

[HI] = 2 x M = 0.778 M

007 10.0 points

Note: Use Kc .
The equilibrium constant for thermal dissociation of F2
F2 (g)
2 F (g)

3
is 0.300. If initially 1.00 mol F2 is placed in
a 1.00 L container, which of the following is
the correct number of moles of F2 that have
dissociated at equilibrium?

and hold the temperature at 600 K, what is

the equilibrium pressure of Cl2 (g)? You must
use a quadratic to solve this.
Correct answer: 0.0767845.

1. 0.956 mol

Explanation:
initial P COCl2 = 4.99 atm

2. 0.213 mol
3. 0.418 mol

ini, atm
, atm
eq, atm

4. 0.474 mol

Kp = 0.0012

COCl2 (g)
CO(g) + Cl2 (g)
4.99
0
0
x
x
x
4.99 x
x
x

5. 0.130 mol
Kp =

6. 0.239 mol correct

7. 0.176 mol
8. 0.548 mol
Explanation:
Kc = 0.300

[F2 ]ini = 1 M

F2 (g)
2 F(g)
Initial, M
1
0
Change, M
x
+2 x
Equilibrium, M 1 x
2x
[F]2
[F2 ]
(2x)2
4x2
0.3 =
=
1x
1x
Using the quadratic equation, x = 0.239.
If you substitute x back into the equilibrium
concentration (1 x) of F2 , you get 0.761.
That means that there are still 0.761 moles
of F2 at equilibrium; therefore, only 0.239
dissociated.
Kc =

008 10.0 points

Phosgene (COCl2 ) is a nasty gas used occasionally in warfare. It blisters your lungs!
Consider the following thermodynamic data:
COCl2 (g)
CO(g) + Cl2 (g)
at 600 K, Kp is 1.2 103 . If you put 4.99
atm of COCl2 (g) into a vessel of fixed volume

PCO PCl2
= 0.0012
PCOCl2
x2
= 0.0012
4.99 x

x2 + 1.2 103 x 0.005988 = 0

Therefore
x=

0.0012

= 0.0767845

p
(0.0012)2 + 4(0.005988)
2

PCl2 = 0.0767845 atm

009 10.0 points
The equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction
2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 SO3 (g)
is 11.7 at 1100 K. A mixture of SO2 , O2 , and
SO3 , each with a concentration of 0.015 M,
was introduced into a container at 1100 K.
Which of the following is true?
1. SO2 (g) and O2 (g) will be formed until
equilibrium is reached. correct
2. SO3 (g) will be formed until equilibrium is
reached.
3. [SO3 ] = [SO2 ] = [O2 ] at equilibrium.
4. [SO3 ] = 0.015 M at equilibrium.

4
5. [SO3 ] = 0.045 M at equilibrium.
Explanation:
010 10.0 points
The equilibrium constant Kc for the gaseous
reaction
HCHO(g)
H2 (g) + CO(g)
has the numerical value 0.50 at 600 C. A mixture of HCHO, H2 , and CO is introduced into
a flask at 600 C. After a short time, analysis of a small sample of the reaction mixture shows the concentrations to be [HCHO]
= 1.5 mol/L, [H2 ] = 0.5 mol/L and [CO] =
1.0 mol/L. Which of the following statements
about this reaction is true?
1. The forward rate of this reaction is the
same as the reverse rate at those concentrations.
2. The reaction mixture is not at equilibrium, but will move toward equilibrium by
forming more HCHO.
3. The reaction mixture is not at equilibrium, but will move toward equilibrium by
using up more HCHO. correct
4. The reaction mixture is not at equilibrium, but no further reaction will occur.
5. The reaction mixture is at equilibrium.
Explanation:
Kc = 0.50
[H2] = 0.5 mol/L

[HCHO] = 1.5 mol/L

[CO] = 1.0 mol/L

[H2 ] [CO]
[HCHO]
(0.5 mol/L) (1.0 mol/L)
=
1.5 mol/L
= 0.333333

Q=

Since Q < K the equilibrium can be

achieved by the foward reaction occuring at a
faster rate than the reverse reaction, reducing

the HCHO concentration and increasing the

H2 and CO concentrations.
011 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
Consider the reaction
22.1 kcal + PCl5 (g)
PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g)
How does the equilibrium shift if the volume of the container is decreased?
1. You must know the actual volume to
tell.
2. right
3. no net shift
4. left correct

Explanation:
A volume decrease is the same as a pressure
increase. The equilibrium will shift to the side
with the fewest gas moles which is to the left.
Also, the value of Q would be greater than K
so the reaction would shift left.
012 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
How does the equilibrium shift when temperature is increased?
1. no net shift
2. It depends on whether it is on the Kelvin
or Celsius scale.
3. right correct
4. left

Explanation:
Because the reaction is ENDOthermic, an
increase in temperature would push the
reaction forward. The equilibrium constant
would increase as a result.
013 10.0 points
What is the effect of a volume decrease on the
reaction
C(s) + H2 O(g) CO(g) + H2 (g) ?

4. K increases.

is at equilibrium at 1800 C, the equilibrium concentrations are found to be [CO2 ]

= 0.24 M, [H2] = 0.24 M, [H2 O ] = 0.48 M,
and [CO] = 0.48 M. Then an additional 0.48
moles per liter of CO2 and the same amount
of H2 are added. When the reaction comes to
equilibrium again at the same temperature,
what will be the molar concentration of CO?

5. no change

Correct answer: 0.8 M.

1. More H2 O(g) are produced. correct

2. K decreases.
3. More CO(g) and H2 (g) are produced.

Explanation:
014

10.0 points

Predict whether the equilibria

I) CH4 (g) + H2 O(g)
CO(g) + 3 H2(g) ,
H = +206 kJ
II) CO(g) + H2 O(g)
CO2 (g) + H2 (g) ,
H = 41 kJ
will shift toward products or reactants with a
temperature increase.
1. Both I and II shift toward reactants.
2. I shifts toward products and II shifts toward reactants. correct
3. I shifts toward reactants and II shifts
toward products.
4. Both I and II shift toward products.
5. Unable to determine
Explanation:
If a reaction is exothermic, raising the temperature will tend to shift the reaction toward
reactants; whereas if the reaction is endothermic, a shift toward products will be observed.
Reaction I is endothermic (+H); raising
the temperature should favor the formation of
products. Reaction II is exothermic; raising
the temperature should favor the formation
of reactants.
015 10.0 points
When the reaction
CO2 (g) + H2 (g)
H2 O(g) + CO(g)

Explanation:
[CO2 ]eq = 0.24 M
[H2 O]eq = 0.48 M
K=

[H2 ]eq = 0.24 M

[CO]eq = 0.48 M

[H2 O] [CO]
(0.48 M) (0.48 M)
=
=4
[CO2 ] [H2 ]
(0.24 M) (0.24 M)

After the addition of the CO2 and H2 ,

[CO2 ]ini = 0.24 M + 0.48 M = 0.72 M
[H2 ]ini = 0.24 M + 0.48 M = 0.72 M
CO2 (g) + H2 (g)
H2 O(g) + CO(g)
0.72
0.72
0.48
0.48
x
x
+x
+x
0.72 x 0.72 x 0.48 + x 0.48 + x
(0.48 + x) (0.48 + x)
=4
(0.72 x) (0.72 x)
(0.48 + x)
= 4=2
(0.72 x)
0.48 + x = 2 (0.72 x)
= 1.44 2 x
3 x = 0.96
x = 0.32

[CO] = 0.48 + x = 0.8 M

016

10.0 points

The system
H2 (g) + I2 (g)
2 HI(g)
is at equilibrium at a fixed temperature with
a partial pressure of H2 of 0.200 atm, a partial
pressure of I2 of 0.200 atm, and a partial pressure of HI of 0.100 atm. An additional 0.24

6
atm pressure of HI is admitted to the container, and it is allowed to come to equilibrium again. What is the new partial pressure
of HI?

1. lower than that in the original solution.

correct
2. zero.

Correct answer: 0.148 atm.

Explanation:
PI2 = PH2 = 0.2 atm

PHI = 0.1 atm

H2 (g) + I2 (g)
2 HI(g)
(PHI )2
Kp =
PH 2 PI 2
(0.1 atm)2
=
= 0.25
(0.2 atm) (0.2 atm)
new PHI = (0.1 + 0.24) atm = 0.34 atm
Adding the products shifts the equilibrium to
the left.
H2 (g) + I2 (g)
2 HI(g)
ini, atm
0.200
0.200
0.34
, atm
+x
+x
2x
eq, atm 0.200 + x 0.200 + x 0.34 2x
(0.34 2 x)2
= 0.25
(0.2 + x)2
0.34 2 x
= 0.25
0.2 + x
0.34 2 x = (0.5)(0.2) + 0.5 x
2.5 x = 0.24
x = 0.096

PHI = 0.34 atm (2) (0.096 atm) = 0.148 atm

017 10.0 points
An acetic acid solution is allowed to come to
equilibrium:
CH3 COOH + H2 O
H3 O+ + CH3 COO
If some silver ion (Ag+ ) is then added to the
solution, solid silver acetate (CH3 COOAg) is
formed.
The resulting amount of undissociated
acetic acid (CH3 COOH) in the solution would
be

3. unchanged from that in the original solution.

4. higher than that in the original solution.
Explanation:
Precipitating out CH3 COOAg removes
CH3 COO from the equilibrium system and
shifts the equilibrium to the right, dissociating more CH3 COOH to replace CH3 COO .
018

10.0 points

Consider the equilibrium

4 NH3 (g) + 5 O2 (g)
4 NO(g) + 6 H2 O(g)
What happens to the partial pressure of O2
when the partial pressure of NH3 is decreased?
1. Unable to determine
2. remains the same
3. decreases
4. increases correct
Explanation:
If the pressure of NH3 (a reactant) is decreased, then the reaction will shift to form
more reactants; the pressure of O2 should increase.