16/06/2015

Crankcase oil mist detector of a marine diesel engine

Crankcase oil mist detector of a marine diesel engine

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Consequence of oil mist in the crankcase

The diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine which ignites the fuel by injecting it into hot, high-pressure air in a combustion
chamber. In common with all internal combustion engines the diesel engine operates with a fixed sequence of events, which may be
achieved either in four strokes or two, a stroke being the travel of the piston between its extreme points. Each stroke is accomplished in
half a revolution of the crankshaft.
The presence of an oil mist in the crankcase is the result of oil vaporisation caused by a hot spot. Explosive conditions can result if a build
up of oil mist is allowed. The oil mist detector uses photoelectric cells to measure small increases in oil mist density. A motor driven fan
continuously draws samples of crankcase oil mist through a measuring tube. An increased meter reading and alarm will result if any
crankcase sample contains excessive mist when compared to either clean air or the other crankcase compartments.

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The rotary valve which draws the sample then stops to indicate the suspect crankcase. The comparator model tests one crankcase mist
sample against all the others and once a cycle against clean air. The level model tests each crankcase in turn against a reference tube
sealed with clean air. The comparator model is used for crosshead type engines and the level model for trunk piston engines.
Crankcase Explosions countermeasures
Early detection of over-heating and the immediate stopping or slowing down of the main (or auxiliary) engine, as circumstances permit,
will avoid conditions which might form an explosive atmosphere in the crankcase.
Oil mist detectors and / or bearing temperature monitors are fitted to engine crankcases to detect any build-up of a potentially explosive
oil mist.
All alarms from oil mist detectors and bearing temperature monitors, (no matter how suspect the instrument may be), are to be treated as
an emergency situation and the engine stopped.
Operation of an engine with a positive alarm from a mist detector or bearing temperature alarm is only allowed under the jurisdiction of
the Master in extreme navigational emergency and in any even, must be run as slowly as possible for as short a period of time as possible
with no personnel in the engine room. Under no circumstances is the alarm to be reset until the main engine has been stopped and the
cause positively identified.
The most likely cause of such an alarm will be an overheating bearing, but could also be caused by the possibility of heavily leaking piston
rings and / or piston rod stuffing boxes. Great care must be taken if the main engine has been stopped due ot a positive alarm from an oil
mist detector or bearing monitor. Under no circumstances should anyone approach the engine or open a crankcase door until sufficient time
has been allowed for cooling and mist dispersal.
If no manufacturers plate or label is attached to the crankcase, then the following instructions regarding the prevention of explosions and
fires in crankcases are to be prominently displayed on the engine and all Engineer Officers are ot be familiar with them.
All alarms from oil mist detectors no matter how suspect the instrument may be, are to be treated as an emergency situation and the
engine stopped. Refer to section, Crankcase Explosions. All Oil Mist detectors must be serviced on an annual basis Alarms proven to be
false must be reported to the Management Office immediately.

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Crankcase oil mist detector
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