T HE U NIVERSITY OF T EXAS AT D ALLAS , M ECHANICAL E NGINEERING D EPARTMENT

Incompresible Fluid Mechanics, MECH-6370,

HW 3
Edgardo Javier Garca Cartagena
October 21, 2015

P ROBLEM 1

r2
The streamfunction for flow over a circular cylinder is = Ur si n 1 r 02 Evaluate the pressure distribution on the cylinder.
!

r 02
1
= U 1 2 cos()
vr =
r
r

!
r 02

v =
= U 1 + 2 si n()
r
r

On the surface of the cylinder (r = r 0 ) v r = 0 and v = 2U si n. Using the Bernoulli equation

we obtain:
1
1 2
P 0 + U 2 = P s + v s
2
2
!
!2

r 02
1
1
2
P s = P 0 + U U 1 + 2 si n()
2
2
r

1
1
P s = P 0 + U 2 U 2 4si n 2
2
2
1
P s = P 0 + U 2 (1 4si n 2 )
2

1.0

0.5

0.0

Ps P0
1
U 2
2

0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

Figure: Pressure distribution on the surface of a circular cylinder

P ROBLEM 2
Find the streamfunction for the aymptotic suction pforile, u(y) = U0 [1exp(yV0 /)], which
occurs when a streaming flow with outer velocity, U0 , flows above a porous wall with suction
velocity, V0 . Use Matlab to plot streamlines with equal increments of .
v =

V0 =

(x, y) = V0 x + f (y)
u=

U0 [1 exp(yV0 /)] =
(x, y) = U0 y +U0

y V0
e + f (x)
V0

(x, y) = V0 x +U0 y +U0

1.0

y V0
e
V0

1.0

10.500

9.000

0.8

0.8
7.500

0.6
Y

6.000

0.6

4.500

0.4

0.4
3.000

0.2

0.2
1.500

0.0
0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6
X

(a)

0.8

1.0

0.0
0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

(b)

Figure: (a) Streamfunction, (b) Velocity Vector Field

P ROBLEM 3
The velocity potential for a spiral vortex flow is given by: (r, ) = (/2) (m/2)l og (r )
, where and m are constants. Show that the angle, , between the velocity vector, u =
u r i r +U i and the radial direction, r , remains constant throughout the flow field.
ur

m
r = 2r

r = 2r

u
/2r

=
=
ur
m/2r
m

= const ant
= t an 1
m

t an() =

P ROBLEM 4
Velocity potential for flow impinging on a flat plate is described by the streamfunction, =
Ax y. Using MatLab (or some other application), draw streamlines in equal increments of
for this flow. The addition of a source of strength, m, at the flow origin, O, creates the
presence of a bump of height, h, protruding in the wall-normal direction. By conservation
(i.e. 2 = 0), streamlines will flow around this bump. Add the source to your code, and
explore the relationship between h, A, and m (5 different combinations will be adequate).
= Ax y +

m
A
m
= r 2 si n(2) +

2
2
2

Stagnation point is at x = 0, y = h ( = 2 , r = h) where h is the height of the bump.

vr =

1
m
= Ar cos(2) +
r
2r

= Ar si n(2)
r
At this stagnation point the velocity is zero meaning u r = 0 and v = 0, therefore from previous equations the following relation is obtained:
v =

0 = Ahcos() +

m
2h

or
h2 =

m
2A

1.0

5
0.7

-0
.5

0.250

0
0.50

0
00
1.

00

1.0

0.8
-0

.2

50

0.8

0.6

0.6
Y

00
0.0

0.4

0.2

0.2
0.250

0.4

0.0
1.0

0.5

0.0
X

0.000

0.5

0.0
1.0

1.0

0.5

(a)

0.0
X

0.5

1.0

(b)

Figure: (A = 1, m = 1, h = 1/2) (a) Stremfunction, (b) Velocity Vector Field

1.0

00
50

-0

0.7

.75

0.5

0.8

-0.5

00

0.25

0.8

0.000

-0.250

1.0

0.6

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.0
1.0

0.5

0.0
X

0.5

0.0
1.0

1.0

0.5

(a)

0.0
X

0.5

1.0

(b)

Figure: (A = 1, m = 0, h = 0) (a) Stremfunction, (b) Velocity Vector Field

1.0

1.0

1.

00

00

0.

0.8
0.500

0.8

0.2

0.7
50

0.6
Y

50

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.250

0.750

0.2

0.500

0.2

0.0
1.0

0.5

0.0
X

(a)

0.000

0.5

1.0

0.0
1.0

0.5

0.0
X

0.5

1.0

(b)

Figure: (A = 1, m = 2, h = (1/)1/2 ) (a) Stremfunction, (b) Velocity Vector Field

1.0

1.0
00
-1
.2

00

0.000

1.8

00
-0.6

0.8

00
1.2

0
0.60

0.8

0.6

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.0
1.0

0.5

0.0
X

0.000

0.5

0.0
1.0

1.0

0.5

(a)

0.0
X

0.5

1.0

(b)

Figure: (A = 2, m = 1, h = (1/(4))1/2 (a) Stremfunction, (b) Velocity Vector Field

1.0

1.0

0.1

60

0.32

0.8

0.8

40

0.

0.6

0.6

0
08
0.

0.4

0.240

0.4

0.2

0.2
0.480

0.0
1.0

0.5

0.0
X

(a)

0.5

1.0

0.0
1.0

0.5

0.0
X

0.5

1.0

(b)

Figure: (A = 0, m = 1, h = ) (a) Stremfunction, (b) Velocity Vector Field

P ROBLEM 5
Show that the volume of an arbitrary region is given by
dV AR
=
dt

ni w i d S

the volume of an arbitrary region can be wrriten by the integral

Z
V AR =
1d
R(t )

using Leibnitz theorem

dV AR
d
=
dt
dt

Z
R(t )

1d =

1
d +
t

n i w i 1d S

1
d = 0
t
Z
dV AR
= n i w i 1d S
dt
Z

P ROBLEM 6
Prob. 6.1 Panton Stokes flow over a sphere has velocity components

1 r 0 3 3 r 0
v r = Ucos() 1 +

2 r
2 r

1 r 0 3 3 r 0
v = U si n() 1 +
+
4 r
2 r

Compute all components of the viscous stress tensor in r, , coordinates.

The viscous stress tensor is defined by
2
= v + 2S
3
if incompressible
= 2S

r r = 2

v r
r

#
3 r 03 3 r 0
= 2Ucos() 4 +
2r
2 r2

1 v v r
= 2
+
r
r

Ucos()
1 r 0 3 3 r 0
Ucos()
1 r 0 3 3 r 0
= 2
1 +
+
+
1+

r
4 r
2 r
r
2 r
2 r

3
3 Ucos() r 0
=
2
r
r

v
v r v cot ()
1

+
+
= 2
r si n()
r
r

v r v cot ()
= 2
+
r
r

Ucos()
1 r 0 3 3 r 0
Ucos()
1 r 0 3 3 r 0
= 2
1+

+
1 +
+
r
2 r
2 r
r
4 r
2 r

3
3 Ucos() r 0
=
2
r
r
"

r = r = r
r
"

= r
r
"

1 v r
r
"

##

#
1 r 0 3 3 r 0
1 1 r 03 3 r 0
1
+
Ucos() 1 +

U si n() +
+
r 4 r4 2 r2
r
2 r
2 r

!#
1 r 03 6 r 0
1 1 r 03 3 r 0
= U si n()
4
+

U
si
n()
r r
2 r2
r 2 r4 2 r2
"
#
3 r 03 3 r 0
= U si n() 4 +
2r
2 r2
"

v
1
v
si n()
+
= =
r
si n()
r si n()

=0

r = r

1
v r
v
=
+r
r si n()
r r

=0

P ROBLEM 7
Prob. 6.3 Panton An ideal "inviscid" flow over a cylinder has the velocity components given
in problem 5.1. Compute all components of the viscous stress tensor. Compute . Why is
this flow called inviscid?

r 2
0
v r = Ucos() 1
r

r 2
0
v = U si n() 1 +
r

r 4
1
r0 2
0
p = U 2 2
(1 2si n 2 ())
2
r
r

the viscous stress tensor is defined as

2
= ( v) + 2S
3
first the divergence of the velocity is computed in cylindrical coordinates

v =

1
1 v v z
(r v r ) +
+
r r
r
z

expanding and setting v z = 0

v =

i 1 v
1 h vr

r
+ vr +
r
r
r

r2
v r
= 2Ucos() 03
r
r

!
r 02
v
= Ucos() 1 + 2

substituting back into the divergence equation of the velocity

"

!#

r 2
r 02
r 02
1
0
v =
2Ucos() 3 Ucos() 1
+Ucos() 1 + 2
r
r
r
r
"
#
r2
r 2 r0
1
= Ucos() 2 02 1 + 1 + 02 + 2
r
r
r
r
=0
the viscous stress tensor is reduced to

10

 = 2S

r r = 2

v r
r

r2
= 4Ucos() 03
r

1 v v r
+
= 2
r
r

#!
!
"
h
r 02
1
1
r 0 i
= 2
Ucos() 1 + 2 Ucos() 1 2
r
r
r
r
"
#
r2
r2

= 2 Ucos() 1 + 02 1 + 02
r
r
r
= 4Ucos()

r 02
r3

zz = 0

v 1 v r
r = r = r
+
r r
r

v v 1 v r

+
=
r
r
r
"

!#
r 02 U si n()
r 02
r 02
U si n()
= 2U si n() 3
1+ 2 +
1 2
r
r
r
r
r
"
#
2
2
2
r
1 r
1 r
= U si n() 2 03 03 + 03
r
r r
r r

= 4U si n()

r 02
r3

zr = r z = 0
z = z = 0
1
1

(r r r ) +
r
r r
r
r
2
r
r2
r2
1
1
= 8Ucos() 03 4Ucos() 03 4Ucos 04
r
r
r
r
r
=0

[ ]r =

1 2
1
(r r ) +

r 2 r
r
r2 1
r2
1
= 2 uU si n() 02 + 4U (si n()) 03
r
r
r
r
=0

[ ] =

11

[ ]z = 0

= 0

since this is the term that accounts for viscous forces in the momentum equation , we can say
that the flow is "inviscid"

12

P ROBLEM 8
Prob. 6.7 Panton For a Newtonian fluid, show that the dissipation is given by
2
: v = ( v)2 + 2S : S
3

(0.1)

2
= v + 2S
3

(0.2)

the viscous tress tensor is

2
: v = v + 2S : v
3

2
v k
v i
= i j
+ 2S i j
3
x k
x j

v i
2
v k v i
+ 2S i j
= i j
3
x k x j
x j

2 v k v i
=
+ 2S i j S j i + W j i
3 x k x i

2 v k 2
+ 2S i j S j i + S i j W j i
3 x k

2 v k 2
+ 2S i j S j i
3 x k
2
= ( v)2 + 2S : S
3
=

where S i j is the symetric part of the velocity gradient, Wi j the antisymetric part of the velocity
gradient, and the multiplication between a symetric and antisymetric tensor S i j W j i is equal
to zero.

13

P ROBLEM 9
Prob. 12.13 Panton Same as problem 1

P ROBLEM 10
Prob. 12.14 Panton Find the pressure distribution on the surface of Hills spherical vortex.
The streamfunction is given by
=

z 2 r 2
U R 2 r 2
1

2
R
R
R

for streamfuncion for axissymmetric flow in cylindrical coordinates the velocities are defined
as
1
r z

U R 2 r 2 2
=
z
r2 R
R2
U r 2
=
z
r R
rz
=U 2
R

vr =

1
r r

4 3
U R 2 2r z 2 2r

r
=
r 2 R2
R R2 R4

r 2
z
2
=U 1
R
R

vz =

using Bernoulli equation

1
1
P 0 + U 2 = P s + ||v||2s
2
2
where the magnitude of the velocity in the Hills spherical vortex at the surface and using the
fact that
r 2 z 2
+
=1
R
R
q
r
||v||s = v r2 + v z2 = U
R
1
1 r 2
P 0 + U 2 = P s + U
2
2
R

1
r 2
P s = P 0 + U 2 1
2
R

14

1.0

0.8

Ps P0
1
U 2
2

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0
0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

r/R

Figure: Pressure distribution on the surface of Hills spherical vortex

15