TextTypes

A. Pendahuluan
Sebagaimana yang sudah kita ketahui bersama bahwa pembelajaran bahasa
Inggris untuk SMA di Indonesia, sejak Standar Isi diberlakukan, menggunakan
pendekatan berbasis jenis teks (Genre Based Approach). Pendekatan ini menuntut
guru bahasa Inggris SMA untuk belajar kembali tentang berbagai jenis teks yang
akan diajarkan. Halaman ini berisi rangkuman berbagai materi mengenai jenisjenis teks; tujuan komunikasi, struktur dan ciri-ciri kebahasaannya. Materi kami
ambil dari berbagai sumber.
B. Categories of Text Types
Literary Text

Factual Text

Narrative

Factual description

Literary Recount

Information report

Observation

Procedure

Literary description

Procedural recount

Personal Response

Factual recount

Review

Explanation

Exposition

Discussion

C. Description of Factual Text Types

Text Type

Purpose

Features

Factual
Description

Describe living,
nonliving or
natural
phenonema
(Describes
something or
someone)

Introductory paragraph
about subject
Series of paragraphs
describing different aspects
of subject
Optional concluding
paragraph
e.g. Texts in information

books
Information
Report

Classify and
describe general
classes of
phenonema
(Describes a class
of things)

Opening general definition

or classification
Sequence of related
statements about topic
Concluding statement
e.g. text books

Procedure

To instruct how
things are done
through a series of
steps
(Tells how to do
something)

Opening statement of goal

or aim
Materials required are listed
in order of use
Series of steps listed in
chronological order eg
recipe

Procedural
Recount

Record steps taken

to achieve a goal
or outcome
(Tells how
something was
achieved)

How things were made

To recount in sequential
order the steps taken to
achieve a particular
goal/outcome after doing a
procedure.
e.g scientific experiment

Factual
Recount

Retell a series of
events in the order
they occurred
(Tells what
happened)

Orientation background
information about who,
where and when
Series of events in
chronological order
A personal comment
e.g. Historical report

Explanation

To explain
scientifically how
technologically
and why natural
phenomena came
into being
(Explains how
things happen and

A general statement
Series of paragraphs
explaining how or why
Series of events in
chronological order
Concluding statement

why they are as

they are)
Exposition

To argue a case for

or against a point
of view about an
an issue
(Argues a point of
view)

Point of view is stated

Justifications of arguments
presented in logical order
Summing up of argument
and reinforcement of point
of view

Discussion

To present issues
for more than one
perspective and
make
recommendations
based on evidence
(Discusses
different points of
view and makes a
judgement)

statement of the issue and a

preview of the main points
arguments for and
supporting evidence
arguments against and
supporting evidence
(alternatively
argument/counter argument
a point at a time)
recommendation summary
and conclusion

Sumber: Senior Resource Centre

Text
Types

Social
Purpose

Structure

Report

To give
General
generalised
Statement
information
about an entire Description:
class of things.

Grammatical
Features
Use of general nouns,
relating verbs
Use of adjectives:
quantity, factual; and
classifying
Repeated naming of the
topic as theme
Adverbials: place and
manner
Present/ simple tense

Exposition Persuasive
texts that

Background

Nominalisation

argue a care
Series of
for or against a Argument
particular point
Reinforcement
of view.
of Position

Recount

Technical nouns
Sensing verbs
Varying degrees of
modality and textual
theme

Record the
Aim
Use of particular nouns
steps taken to
Record of EventsAction verbs
carry out an
investigation., Results
References and
expressions to time
Expression of cause and
effect

Explanatio To explain
n
scientifically
how
technological
and natural
phenomena
come into
being.

Identification
Explanation
sequence.

Nouns: General,
abstract, technical, non
human
Adjectival: factual and
classifying
Action verbs
Time and casual
conjunctions
Passive voice and
nominalisation

Procedure Tell hot to do or Goal of activity

make
something by Materials
giving a
Steps
sequence of
steps to follow.

Action verbs
Connectives
Adverbials
Dependent clauses