FE Log Interpretation Rules

Identify
Zones: Lithology, Water vs Hydrocarbon
Lithology Interpretation
Permeable/Impermeable
Fluid interpretation
Process of Elimination
1.

OR

Gamma
Clean vs Dirty
High = Shale
Low = Clean -> Not Shale
Medium/Noisy = Dirty -> Shale laminae
Low Flat = Carbonate
SP Tool
Recognise Shale Base Line, constant SP readings forming straight line
Deflection = Definite Permeability
No Deflection does not mean impermeable: could be same salinity
borehole/formation
Deflection Left = Formation Fluid lower resistivity, ions move to Borehole
o Brine
Deflection Right = Formation Fluid higher resistivity, ions move to
Formation
o Fresher water / Hydrocarbons
(Salinity opposite Resistivity)
USE Determination of Rw from SSP

2. PEF
Sandstone = 1.8
Dolomite = 3.1
Calcite = 5
Anhydrite = 5
Halite = 4.6
Shale = 3.4
3. Density Log
Sandstone = 2.65
Dolomite = 2.9
Calcite = 2.7
Anhydrite = 3
Halite = 2.1
Shale = 2.2-2.6
4. Resistivity
Ability to conduct depends on containing dissolved salt/impurities
Formation Water (Brine) and Water Based Mud = Low
Hydrocarbons = High , also: Matrix Material and Oil Based Mud

Wellbore Flushed Zone Transition Zone Undisturbed Zone

Shallow, Medium, Deep depth of investigation
All three read same Low
Zero invasion -> Impermeable -> Shale
Shale always low resistivity high saline brine
Separation Shallow - Medium & Deep
Different fluid near wellbore to formation = Invasion
Permeable, High Salinity Fluid Invasion, Porous with Low saline
formation fluid
Small influx depth = High Permeable
Separation Shallow Medium Deep
Shallow Kick in = influx, high saline
Medium Kick in, separated from Deep = Transition
Deep furthest Kick in = Hydrocarbons, very high resistivity
Transition through Flushed to Undisturbed
All logs equal High Resistivity
Impermeable, No Porosity, Cemented Zone
Grain dominated, reads only matrix material no fluid
Clean no Shale
RULES
o Separation all 3 = Transition zone with Hydrocarbon Bearing
Formation
o All 3 kiss in low end after separation = OWC

5. Neutron
Hydrogen indicator responds to fluid filled pores
Water and Oil = High H index High Neutron
Gas Low H index = Underestimate Porosity
Shale Bound Water with H = Overestimate Porosity
Boron, REEs Neutron Absorbers = Lower Thermal Neutron,
Accurate
Epithermal
Chlorine = absorbs Neutrons lower count in high saline
6. Sonic
Transit time function Matrix Hardness/Grain Contacts and Fluid Filled
Porosity
Carbonate = Low t
Overpressured Zone = High t
7. Crossplots
Neutron Density
Crossover = Gas Present, small crossover = Light Oil
Reduced density and Reduced H index, log scales opposite
Exact overlay = Carbonate
Both tools calibrated to Carbonate + Freshwater
8. Measure numbers and plot on Crossplots for Lithology
OTHER RULES
Low flat Gamma with Low Neutron Porosity indicates CARBONATE

Low Sonic t vs Density/Neutron Porosity = Secondary Porosity Carbonate