Microsoft Virtual Academy

Module 2

Installing and Configuring the Hyper-V Role

Module Overview
Installing the Hyper-V Role
Managing Hyper-V

Configuring Hyper-V Settings

Hyper-V Host Storage and Networking

Lesson 1: Installing the Hyper-V Server Role

Server Platforms That Provide Hyper-V
Hyper-V and Virtual Machine Scalability

Hyper-V Architecture
Considerations for Disk and Storage

Considerations for Networking

Considerations for High Availability

Changes on the Host after Installing the Hyper-V Role

Server Platforms That Provide Hyper-V

Windows Server 2012 and newer Windows Server operating systems:

Include Hyper-V and other roles

GUI and command-line management

Licensed per processor, includes virtualization rights

Standard edition: two virtual machines with each Windows Server operating
system

Enterprise edition: unlimited virtual machines with each Windows Server

operating system

Hyper-V Server 2012 and newer:

Includes only the Hyper-V role

Command-line management only (if managed locally)

Free, virtual machines must be licensed separately

Windows 8 and newer Windows client 64-bit operating systems:

Client Hyper-V, does not include server-level features such as high

availability or live migration

Hyper-V and Virtual Machine Scalability

System

Server

Resource
Logical processors

320

Physical memory

4 TB

Virtual processors per server

2,048

Virtual processors per virtual machine

Virtual
machine

Failover cluster

Windows Server
2012 R2

64

Memory per virtual machine

1 TB

Running virtual machines per server

1,024

Virtual disk size

64 TB

Nodes per failover cluster

Running virtual machines per cluster

64
8,000

Considerations for Disk and Storage

Hyper-V hosts can use
DAS
SAN
NAS (SMB 3.0)

Network shared folders (SMB 3.0)

Virtual Machines require storage for

Virtual hard disk files
Configuration
Checkpoints
Saved state

Considerations for Networking

Hyper-V host should have multiple NICs
Dedicated NIC for Hyper-V management
At least one NIC for virtual machine networks
Two NICs for shared storage
Dedicated NIC for failover clustering (private network)
At least one NIC for live migration

Use fast NICs

NIC teaming for redundancy and throughput

Bandwidth management

Considerations for High Availability

Hyper-V host-based failover clustering

Virtual machines are highly available

Virtual machine-based failover clustering

Cluster roles in virtual machines are highly available

Virtual machine-based NLB

Highly available and scale out web-based applications

Application-specific clustering

Applications are highly available

Changes on the Host after Installing the Hyper-V Role

Hyper-V is installed as A server role
Server Manager, Install-WindowsFeature, dism.exe
Restart required after installation

Hypervisor is added and starts automatically

Windows Server is moved into parent partition
Hyper-V management tools
Additional services
Performance Monitor counters
Applications and Services logs
Hyper-V Administrators group
Windows Firewall rules

Lesson 2: Managing Hyper-V

Overview of the Hyper-V Manager Console
Adding the Hyper-V Manager Console

Using Windows PowerShell to Manage Hyper-V

Managing Hyper-V in a Workgroup Environment

Hyper-V Best Practices Analyzer

Hyper-V Security Model

Overview of the Hyper-V Manager Console

Hyper-V servers

Listing of virtual
machines

Hyper-V
server
actions

Virtual
machine
actions

Adding the Hyper-V Manager Console

Used for configuring Hyper-V

Also on Hyper-V Server

If adding the Hyper-V role by using Server Manager,

Hyper-V Manager console is added automatically

Hyper-V Management Tool is a feature that you must
enable
Windows Server - Add feature
Windows 8 - Turn on Windows Feature

Install RSAT and turn on Windows Feature (Windows 7)

If Hyper-V Manager console cannot run on a device

RDP

Using Windows PowerShell to Manage Hyper-V

Hyper-V module installed with Hyper-V role

Hyper-V can be managed entirely in Windows

PowerShell

Get-Command -Module Hyper-V

Get-Help <cmdlet>, Get-Command *part*

Verb-Noun cmdlet name syntax

Get-, Set-, Disable-, Enable-, New-, Add-,

Get-VMHost -ServerName LON-DC1, LON-SVR1

Get-VM -HostName LON-HOST1 | Save-VM

Start-VM -Name *DC* -HostName LON-HOST1

Get-VMHost -HostName LON-HOST1 | ft

Windows PowerShell ISE

Managing Hyper-V in a Workgroup Environment

Hyper-V can be a workgroup member
This has no effect on virtual machines running on the
Hyper-V host
Domain membership simplifies management

To enable remote management in a workgroup

Enable Hyper-V firewall rules (Server Core only)
Create a local user with the same username and
password
Add a local user to Hyper-V Administrators group
Grant administrative rights remotely to local users

Connect to the Hyper-V host in Hyper-V console

Use HVRemote to simplify configuration

Hyper-V Best Practices Analyzer

Best Practices are guidelines for typical deployment
Hyper-V BPA includes over 110 rules including:
Hyper-V should be the only enabled role
Server Core is recommended for Hyper-V servers
Domain membership is recommended for Hyper-V

BPA is available in Server Manager and Windows

PowerShell

Can scan one or multiple roles locally or remotely

Can filter scan results

Compliance scan returns one of three levels:

Error, Warning, Information

Hyper-V Security Model

Authorization Manager controls Hyper-V security
Challenging to use, not suitable for complex security rules
Depreciated, but still available in Windows Server 2012 R2
Many administrators use VMM

Simple Authorization is used on Server 2012 R2

Hyper-V Administrators local and domain groupsare
empty by default
Members have full access to Hyper-V
Hyper-V Administrators group is incorporated into
Authorization Manager

Lesson 3: Configuring Hyper-V Settings

Overview of Hyper-V Settings
What Is NUMA?

What Is RemoteFX?
What Is Enhanced Session Mode?

What Are Resource Pools?

Overview of Hyper-V Settings

What Is NUMA?
NUMA

Enables host to scale up CPUs and memory

Partitions CPUs and memory into NUMA nodes
Allocation and latency depends on relative CPU location

Hyper-V presents NUMA topology to virtual machines

Guest operating system can make decisions on how to use
resources
Can minimize cross-node memory access
NUMA spanning enabled at host level
Virtual NUMA topology can be configured at virtual
machine level
By default, virtual NUMA aligns with physical NUMA

What Is RemoteFX?
Provides a remote desktop experience that may be equivalent

to a physical desktop environment

System Requirements

GPU
Second level address translation
RD Virtualization Host role service

RemoteFX 3D Video Adapter virtual machine hardware

RemoteFX features:

RemoteFX for WAN

RemoteFX Adaptive Graphics

RemoteFX Media Streaming

RemoteFX Multi-Touch

RemoteFX USB Redirection

What Is Enhanced Session Mode?

Remote Desktop over VMBus

Full Remote Desktop capabilities

Shared clipboard
Printers, smart cards, USB devices redirection
Folder redirection

Enabled at Hyper-V host

Guest operating system

required

Windows Server 2012 R2

Windows 8.1
Remote Desktop users

support

What Is Enhanced Session Mode?

Virtual Machine
Management
Service
Virtual
machine
connect

Applications

Applications
Applications

Virtual Machine
Worker Process

Basic
Experience

Video / Keyboard
/ Mouse Driver

VMBus

VMBus
Hypervisor

What Is Enhanced Session Mode?

Virtual Machine
Management
Service

Virtual
machine
connect

Applications

Applications
Applications

Virtual Machine
Worker Process

Enhanced
session
mode

Remote Desktop
Services

VMBus

VMBus
Hypervisor

What Are Resource Pools?

Resource pools are logical containers
Layer of abstraction between virtual machine and hardware

Virtual machine configured to use the pool

Virtual machine can use any resource from the configured pool

Helpful when moving virtual machines

Resource pools can be used for chargeback
Different resource pool types

Processor, Memory, Ethernet, VHD

Resource pools configured by Windows PowerShell

Get-VMResourcePool
New-VMResourcePool -Name "Contoso Network" ResourcePoolType Ethernet

Lesson 4: Hyper-V Host Storage and Networking

Overview of Storage Spaces
Overview of Disk Deduplication

What Is Offloaded Data Transfer?

What Is SMB 3.0?

Hyper-V over SMB

Overview of Network Teaming

Demystifying Storage Appliances

Whats in a storage appliance?
x86/x64 Processors
Memory
Network Adapters
Storage HBAs

SAS
Back

Front

Multiple physical
interfaces; Pools disks,
presents LUNs,
Simple, Mirrored,
Parity etc.

Multiple physical
interfaces; Pools disks,
presents LUNs,
Simple, Mirrored,
Parity etc.

Presents
interfaces:
iSCSI, FC, FCoE,
NFS, SMB

Presents
interfaces:
iSCSI, FC, FCoE,
NFS, SMB

Clustered

Ethernet: 1Gb/10Gb
FC: 1/2/4/8/16 Gb

Deploy two or more for a Scale Out CA

Solution

Servers
Servers

Servers
Servers

Servers
Servers

Servers
Servers

Windows Server 2012 R2 File Server and Spaces

SAS

Windows Server 2012 Spaces

Multiple physical
interfaces; Pools

disks, presents
LUNs, Simple,
Mirrored, etc.

Presents
interfaces:
iSCSI, NFS, SMB

Windows Server 2012 File

Server

Multiple physical
interfaces; Pools
disks, presents
LUNs, Simple,
Mirrored, etc.

Presents
interfaces:
iSCSI, NFS, SMB

Clustered
SMB3/Ethernet: 1Gb/10Gb
40Gb/56 Gb RDMA

Deploy two or more for a Scale Out CA

Solution

Servers
Servers

Servers
Servers

Servers
Servers

Servers
Servers

New Designs: Cluster in a Box

1/10G E or Infiniband

1/10G E or Infiniband

Network

Network

Availability

At least one node and storage always available,

despite failure or replacement of any component
Dual power domains

Simplicity

Pre-wired, internal interconnects between

nodes, controllers, and storage

x8 PCIe
Server A

CPU

x8 PCIe

Server Enclosure

Server B
1/10G Ethernet cluster connect
(through midplane)

CPU

x8 PCIe

x8 PCIe

Storage
Controller
x4 SAS

SAS
Expander

x4 SAS (through midplane)

x4 SAS (through midplane)

Storage
Controller

DataOn DNS
B ports 9220
SAS
A ports

23

x4 SAS

Expander

Flexibility

PCIe slots for flexible LAN options

External SAS ports for JBOD expansion
Office-level power, cooling, and acoustics to fit
under a desk

External JBOD

SAS
Expander

23

B ports

SAS
Expander

A ports
http://www.dataonstorage.com
Additional JBODs

Familiar Enterprise-Grade Capabilities

Traditional Storage

Windows File Server Cluster

with FC/iSCSI Storage Array

with Storage Spaces

Storage Tiering

Storage Tiering (new with R2)

Data deduplication

Data deduplication (enhanced in R2)

RAID resiliency groups

Flexible resiliency options (enhanced in R2)

Pooling of disks

Pooling of disks

High availability

High availability

Persistent write-back cache

Persistent write-back cache (new with R2)

Copy offload

SMB copy offload

Snapshots

Snapshots

Storage Tiering

Cold data

Can

Hard Disk Drives

Overview of Storage Spaces

Storage pools collection of physical disks
Storage Spaces virtual disks on storage spaces
Windows
virtualized
storage

Storage
Spaces

Storage
Spaces

Storage Pool

Storage Pool

Storage
Spaces

Storage Pool

(Shared) SAS, SATA or USB

Physical
storage

Storage Spaces features

Resiliency and integrity on standard disks
Continuous availability and CSV integration
Optimal storage use and storage tiering
Multitenancy and isolation

Overview of Disk Deduplication

Identifies and removes duplications within data
Without compromising data integrity
To store more data on less space
After data is stored (post-process)

Requires NTFS file system

Failover clustering and shared storage supported

CSV support added in R2

Can significantly decrease space for VHD library

R2 adds support for live VHD deduplication for VDI

VHDs must be accessed on an SMB 3.0 network share

Deduplication of virtual machines that use local storage not
supported

What Is Offloaded Data Transfer?

Traditional data copy model
Server issues read request to SAN
Data is read and transferred into memory
Data is transferred and written from memory to SAN
Issues: CPU and memory utilization, increased traffic

Offload-enabled data copy model

Server issues read request and SAN returns token
Server issues write request to SAN using token
SAN completes data copy and confirms completion
Benefits: Increased performance, reduced utilization

SAN must support Offloaded Data Transfer

What Is Offloaded Data Transfer?

Token

Offload
read

Offload
write

Token

Storage
array

Actual data transfer

Intelligent
Storage Array

Storage
array

What Is SMB 3.0?

SMB is network file sharing protocol
SMB protocol versions are backward compatible
SMB 3.0 features in Windows Server 2012 (R2)
SMB Transparent Failover
SMB Scale Out
SMB Multichannel
SMB Direct (SMB over RDMA)
SMB Encryption
VSS for SMB file shares
Managing SMB file shares by Windows PowerShell

SMB 3.0 is used only if both sides support it

Hyper-V over SMB

Hyper-V data files stored on network shares
Virtual machine configuration, VHD files, checkpoints
Hyper-V supports file shares over SMB 3.0 or newer
File Server and Hyper-V must be separate servers

They must be members of the same Active Directory

Running virtual machine data files can be deduplicated

(VDI)

Reliability, availability, and performance as a SAN

Uses SMB 3.0 features

Benefits
Easier provisioning and management
Uses existing infrastructure