2/18/2013

Light weight concrete

Department of Civil Engineering Mar. 15, 2012

International University - VNU HCMC

Light weight concrete: normal weight <1800 kg/m3 (1400 1800);

Using light weight aggregate (spongy or soft aggregate);

CE214U-Constructions Materials
Other types of concrete

Pumice stone

burned expanded clay aggregate

Nguyen Dinh Hung Dr. Eng.

Shale and slate

Light weight concrete

Aggregate having individual small void

Light weight concrete

Compressive strength is from 20 to 35 MPa

Air content: 5 to 8 %

High performance light weight concrete can be made (high strength light
weight concrete 85 MPa)

Slump: 50 to 70 mm (some cases 70 to 125 mm),

Mix proportion is determine same as normal concrete;

Slump is larger than 125 mm aggregate may float to the surface;

ACI 211.2 provides guidance on the relationship between compressive

Compressive strength of lightweight concrete depends on cement volume

at given slump and air content rather than W/C due to be difficult in
determining absorbed water in light weight aggregate;

strength and cement content.

Aggregate is required absorbed water before being used;

The benefits of using lightweight aggregate concrete include:
Reduction in dead loads making savings in foundations and
reinforcement (masonry units, reinforced floor/roof and wall panels )
Improved thermal properties.
Savings in transporting and handling precast units on site.
Reduction in formwork and propping.

High density concrete

Using high density weight aggregate;
Mix proportion is determine same as normal concrete;
Special pumping method (requiring vibration) is required due to heavy
weight
Its primary use is in radiation shielding (nuclear power plants or in
radiation therapy units).
It can also be used as ballast in offshore locations such as pipelines.

High performance concrete

Some of the properties of high-performance concrete that may be

required include:

High strength
High early strength
High modulus of elasticity
High abrasion resistance
High durability and long life in severe environments
Low permeability and diffusion
Resistance to chemical attack
High resistance to frost and deicer scaling damage
Toughness and impact resistance
Volume stability
Ease of placement
Compaction without segregation
Inhibition of bacterial and mold growth

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High performance concrete

150
100

UFC

High cementitious materials content (low W/C) is required;

Class F fly ash or Silica fume or Granulated slag (all types) can be used;

Ultra High
Strength Concrete
High Strength
Concrete
Normal Concrete

Hard aggregate should be used for normal weight high-strength concrete,

at least same strength to harden cement paste. ( 55 MPa)
Limit maximum size of aggregate: 20 mm, (higher strength, smaller size )
A fineness modulus (FM) in the range of 2.5 to 3.2 is recommended.

Close packing of particles

50
0

High-performance concrete requires specially ingredients in the mixture to

obtain optimum proportioning and maximum strength;

Compressive strength (N/mm2)

200

High performance concrete

Silica fume

10 15
Slump

20

50
60
70
Slump flow (cm)

High performance concrete mix proportion

Step 1: Select slump and required compressive strength

:0.2mm
Length:15mm
Vol. 2
mixed

Powder
Cement

High performance concrete mix proportion

Step 2: Select maximum size of coarse aggregate

Selecting slump

Step 3: Select optimum coarse content

Selecting require compressive strength
(9.5)

High performance concrete mix proportion

Step 4: Estimate the mixing water and air content

10

(12.7)

High performance concrete mix proportion

11

Water content (l/m3)

Water content is adjusted (l/m3)

Void content of sand (fineness aggregate) (V - %)

V = (1 -

gS
) 100(%)
r S 103

Where: gS is unite weight (kg/m3)

rS is specific gravity (g/cm3)

Adjusted water content (A - litter)

A = (V - 35) 4.7

vTotal water for 1 m3 = value in Table 6.18 + A (litter)

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High performance concrete mix proportion

12

Step 5: W/(C+P) to determine (C+P) content

High performance concrete mix proportion

13

Step 5: W/(C+P) to determine (C+P) content

P can be fly ash, silica fume or granulated slag

High performance concrete mix proportion

14

Volume of cement :VC = (C + P) / (rC)

Volume of coarse aggregate: VCA = (CA) / (rCA)
Volume of Water : VW = (W) / (rW)
Volume of air content : VAC = (AC)
Then Volume of sand: VS = 1m3 (VC + VCA + VW + VAC)
Dry weight of sand: S = VS x rS
Step 7: Determine P base on (C+ P)
P can be fly ash, silica fume or granulated slag
In laboratory, P is determine 15, 20, 25, 30 or 35 % of cement.
Some trial batches are done to determine fine mix proportion of
compound for concrete.

High performance concrete example

High performance concrete mix proportion

15

Sand properties
Fineness modulus (FM) = 2.90.
Bulk specific gravity (over dry) (BSG)dry = 2.59.
Absorption based on dry weight (Abs) = 1.1%.
Dry-rodded unit weight (DRUW) = 1650 kg/m3
Moisture content in sand = 6.4%.
Aggregate properties
Maximum size: 12.7 mm
BSGdry = 2.76,
Abs = 0.70%
DRUW = 1620 kg/m3
Moisture content = 0.5%.

Step 6: Determine fine aggregate (sand)

step 8 :
controlling slup by adding HRWR
0.23kg to 0.45 kg /45 kg cement weight
adding larger 0.45/45kg cement weight can cause to segregation
0.23 kg HRWR/45kg cement can increase 30mm in slump
0.31 HRWR/45kg cement can increase 254mm in slump

16

High performance concrete example

17

Cement, Water, Silica fume,Silica sand,

Super-plasticizer, Steel fiber

High viscosity

:0.2mm Length:15mm
Vol. 2 mixed

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High performance concrete example

19

Properties of hardened concrete

Load [kN]

Span = 50 m
Height / Span = 1/32 to 1/91

4
3
2
1
0

4
6
Deflection [mm]

10

Bridging effect

High workability
Sakata Mirai Bridge (2002), Yamagata, Japan.

Structures Made of UFC

Department of Civl Engineering

International University VNU HCMC

UFC slabs are used in the bridge deck.

High strength
High durability
Lightweight

Thank you for your kind attention!

D Runway, Tokyo International Airport (2010)