K L University

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Course Handout for Digital Image Processing (13CS347) Year III B.Tech PROGRAM
A.Y.2015-16, Even Semester
Course Name
Course Code

: Digital Image Processing

: 13CS347

L-T-P structure

: 3-0-0

Course Credits

:4

Course Coordinator

: M. Venkata Naresh

Course Instructor(s)
Course Teaching Associates

: M. Venkata Naresh
: -

Course Objective: The course objectives include overview of digital image processing field, understand
the fundamental DIP algorithms and implementation, gain experience in applying image processing
algorithms to real problems and to develop a foundation that can be used as the basis for further study
and research in this field of Image Processing.
Course Rationale:
This course gives the students the fundamentals of digital image processing, covering some topics from
the following list: introduction to the mathematical tools used in image processing and methods to process
using various techniques like histogram, and stating complex algorithms, spatial correlation and
convolution, fuzzy set theory and its application to image processing. Frequency domain, starting with
basic principles and showing how the discrete Fourier transform follows from data sampling. Basic
concepts of wavelets and data compression techniques that includes more video compression techniques,
standards and digital watermarking. Morphology to include morphological reconstruction and a revision of
gray-scale morphology. Image Segmentation to include more advanced edge detection techniques and
more comprehensive treatment of image thresholding. Image representation and description, and
structural object recognition.
Course Outcomes (CO): On successful completion of the course, the students will be
CO
CO
No:
CO1
Describe
the uses of Digital Image Processing and its Applications, Image
Acquisition, fundamentals of image enhancement
CO2
Demonstrate image enhancement algorithms such as histogram modification,
contrast manipulation, edge detection and Restoration
CO3
Illustrate how Wavelet, Multiresolution, Compression and Morphological Image
Processing are realized.
CO4
Examine Image Segmentation, Representation and Description and how Object
Recognition is done
COURSE OUTCOME INDICATORS (COI):
CO
COI-1
No.
1
Describe the Importance of Digital
Image
Processing
and
its
Applications,
2

Demonstrate

Enhancement

SO
A

BT
L
1

B, E

B,D,
E
B,D,
E

2
2

COI-2

COI-3

Understand
Basic
Components
of
Image
Processing detailing how
Digital
Images
are
generated
Analyze Image Restoration

Understand how images are

represented as pixels and
Images are enhanced
Demonstrate Processing of

Operations,
Image transforming
methods
Illustrate the Wavelets of Images
Transformation functions on One
and Two Dimensional Images
Analyze Segmentation of Images
and its Methods

and Image filtering, Image

Filtering techniques
Examine how Compression
of Images are done and
Image and Videos be
processed
Analyze
Principal
Components of Images and
its representation.

Color Images, Techniques to

process Color Images
Illustrate
Various
Morphological Methods
Analyze Object Recognition
using Structural Methods
and knowledge based image
analysis

SYLLABUS (As approved by BoS):

The Origins of Digital Image Processing. Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing. Fundamental
Steps in Digital Image Processing. Components of an Image Processing System. Elements of Visual
Perception. Light and the Electromagnetic Spectrum. Image Sensing and Acquisition. Image Sampling and
Quantization. Some Basic Relationships Between Pixels. Linear and Nonlinear Operations. Background.
Some Basic Gray Level Transformations. Histogram Processing. Enhancement Using Arithmetic/Logic
Operations. Basics of Spatial Filtering. Smoothing Spatial Filters. Sharpening Spatial Filters. Combining
Spatial Enhancement Methods. A Model of the Image Degradation/Restoration Process. Noise Models.
Restoration in the Presence of Noise Only-Spatial Filtering. Periodic Noise Reduction by Frequency Domain
Filtering. Linear, Position-Invariant Degradations. Estimating the Degradation Function. Inverse Filtering.
Minimum Mean Square Error (Wiener) Filtering. Constrained Least Squares Filtering. Geometric Mean Filter.
Geometric Transformations. Color Fundamentals. Color Models. Pseudocolor Image Processing. Basics of
Full-Color Image Processing. Color Transformations. Smoothing and Sharpening. Color Segmentation. Noise
in Color Images. Color Image Compression. Background, Multiresolution Expansions. Wavelet Transforms in
One Dimension. The Fast Wavelet Transform. Wavelet Transforms in Two Dimensions. Wavelet Packets.
Image Compression Models. Elements of Information Theory. Error-Free Compression. Lossy Compression.
Image Compression Standards. Preliminaries. Dilation and Erosion. Opening and Closing. The Hit-or-Miss
Transformation. Some Basic Morphological Algorithms. Extensions to Gray-Scale Images. Detection of
Discontinuities. Edge Linking and Boundary Detection. Thresholding. Region-Based Segmentation.
Segmentation by Morphological Watersheds. The Use of Motion in Segmentation. Representation.
Boundary Descriptors. Regional Descriptors. Use of Principal Components for Description. Relational
Descriptors. Patterns and Pattern Classes. Recognition Based on Decision-Theoretic Methods. Structural
Methods.
BoS Approved Text books:
1. Digital Image Processing by Rafael C. Gonzalez / Richard E. Woods , 3 rd Edition, Pearson Education
BoS Approved Reference Books:
1. Introduction to Digital Image Processing with MATLAB, 1/e, McAndrew Alasdair, Publisher: cengage
2. Bzier and Splines in Image Processing and Machine Vision, Sambhunath Biswas, Brian C. Lovell,
Springer, 2007
3. Machine Learning for Audio, Image and Video Analysis - Theory and Applications, Nicu Sebe, Ira Cohen,
Ashutosh Garg, Thomas S. Huang, Springer, 2008
4. Digital Image Processing - Rafael C. Gonzalez
5. Digital Image Processing, Sridhar, Oxford Press, 2011
Other Books, References: (As recommended for reference by the course team, if any)
1. Al Bovik (ed.), Handbook of Image and Video Processing, Academic Press, 2000.

2. A.K. Jain, Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Prentice-Hall, Addison-Wesley, 1989.

3. M. Petrou, P. Bosdogianni, Image Processing, The Fundamentals, Wiley, 1999.
4. P.Ramesh Babu, Digital Image Processing. Scitech Publications., 2003
5. W. K. Pratt. Digital image processing, PIKS Inside. Wiley, New York, 3rd, edn., 2001.
Deviations (if any) from BoS approved syllabus and the topics planned:
COURSE DELIVERY PLAN:
C
O

C
OI

Session
1

Session
2

Session
3

Elements of Visual Perception. Light and the

Electromagnetic Spectrum.

Session
4

Image Sensing and Acquisition. Image Sampling

and Quantization.

Session
5

Some Basic Relationships Between Pixels. Linear

and Nonlinear Operations.

Session
6

Session
7

Session
8

Session
9

Session
10

Session
11

Session
12

Session
13

Introduction to Image Enhancement in Spatial

Domain, Some Basic Gray Level Transformations,
Histogram Processing(Histogram Equalization &
Histogram Matching (Specification))
Histogram Processing (Local Histogram Processing
&
Using
Histogram
Statistics
for
Image
Enhancement),
Enhancement
Using
Arithmetic/Logic Operations, Basics of Spatial
Filtering. Smoothing Spatial Filters.
Sharpening Spatial Filters, Combining Spatial
Enhancement Methods, Introduction to Image
Restoration,
A
Model
of
the
Image
Degradation/Restoration Process.
Noise Models, Restoration in the Presence of Noise
Only-Spatial Filtering, Periodic Noise Reduction by
Frequency Domain Filtering. Linear, PositionInvariant Degradations.
Estimating the Degradation Function, Inverse
Filtering. Minimum Mean Square Error (Wiener)
Filtering. Constrained Least Squares Filtering.
Geometric Mean Filter. Geometric Transformations
Introduction to Color Image Processing, Color
Fundamentals, Color Models, Pseudo color Image
Processing, Basics of Full-Color Image Processing.
Color Transformations, Smoothing and Sharpening,
Color Segmentation, Noise in Color Images, Color
Image Compression.
Wavelet
and
Multiresolution
Processing,
Background, Multiresolution Expansions.

Sess.
No.

Topic (s)

What is Digital Image Processing, The origin of

digital Image Processing , Examples of Fields that
use Digital Image Processing
Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing,
components of an Image Processing System

TeachingLearning
Methods
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with Marker, PPT
White Board
with Marker, PPT
White Board
with Marker, PPT

Evaluatio
n
Compone
nts
Question
and
Answer
Surprise
Test
Question
and
Answer
Write up
on the
topic

White Board
with Marker, PPT

Test

White Board
with Marker, PPT

Think/ Pair/
Share

White Board
with Marker, PPT

Test
Questions

White Board
with Marker, PPT

Question
and
Answer

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with Marker, PPT

Leading
Questions

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with Marker, PPT

Question
and
Answer

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with Marker, PPT
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with Marker, PPT
White Board
with Marker, PPT

Statement
opinionSummary
Question
and
Answer
Write up
on the
topic

Session
14

Wavelet Transforms in One Dimension, The Fast

Wavelet Transform. Wavelet Transforms in Two
Dimensions, Wavelet Packets
Image
Compression
Models,
Elements
of
Information Theory, Error-Free Compression

Session
15

Session
16

Lossy Compression, Image Compression Standards.

Session
17

Session
18

Introduction to Morphological Image Processing,

Preliminaries, Dilation and Erosion, Opening and
Closing, The Hit-or-Miss Transformation.
Some Basic Morphological Algorithms, Extensions
to Gray-Scale Images.

Session
19

Session
20

Session
21

Session
22

Session
23

Introduction to Image Segmentation, Detection of

Discontinuities. Edge Linking and Boundary
Detection, Thresholding.
Region-Based Segmentation. Segmentation by
Morphological Watersheds. The Use of Motion in
Segmentation
Introduction to Representation and Description,
Representation, Boundary Descriptors. Regional
Descriptors.
Use of Principal Components for Description,
Relational Descriptors, Patterns and Pattern
Classes.
Recognition Based on Decision-Theoretic Methods.

Session
24

Structural Methods , Overview of the Syllabus

White Board
with Marker, PPT

Quiz

White Board
with Marker, PPT

Question
and
Answer

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with Marker, PPT

Focused
Listing

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Sample
Test

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Question
and
Answer

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with Marker, PPT

Test

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with Marker, PPT

Think /
Share /
Pair

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with Marker, PPT

Just in
Time

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with Marker, PPT

Leading
Questions

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with Marker, PPT

Test

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with Marker, PPT

Question
and
Answer

Session wise Teaching Learning Plan

Session Number: Session 1
Session Outcome: Understand the importance of Digital Image Processing and its Applications
Time(mi
BT Teaching

Learning
Topic
n)
L
Method
05
Attendance
White Board with Marker,
20
Introduction to Image Processing with basic examples
1
PPT
White Board with Marker,
20
Origin of Digital Image Processing
1
PPT
White Board with Marker,
35
Examples of Fields that use Digital Image Processing
1
PPT
10
Think/ Pair
Active Learning
10
Overview of the Session
Session Number: Session 2
Session Outcome: Identify the Basic Components of Image Processing
Time(mi
BT
Topic
n)
L
05
Attendance
10
Recap of Previous Session
25

Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing

10
35

One Minute Paper

components of an Image Processing System

Teaching
Method

Learning

White Board with Marker,

PPT
Active Learning
White Board with Marker,

PPT
15

Overview of the Session 1 & 2

Session Number: Session 3

Session Outcome: Examine how Human Eye Structure and image formation
Time(mi
BT Teaching

Learning
Topic
n)
L
Method
05
Attendance
10
Recap of Previous Session
White Board with Marker,
20
Elements of Visual Perception
1
PPT
White Board with Marker,
10
Structure of Human Eye
1
PPT
White Board with Marker,
10
Image Formation in the Eye
1
PPT
White Board with Marker,
20
Brightness Adaption and Discrimination
1
PPT
05
Questions
Active Learning
White Board with Marker,
15
Light and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
1
PPT
05
Overview of the Session
Session Number: Session 4
Session Outcome: know how Digital Images are generated
Time(mi
Topic
n)
05
Attendance
10
Recap of Previous Session
05
Statement Opinion- Summary

BT
L

30

Image Sensing and Acquisition

05

Overview of Sensing and Acquisition

35

Image Sampling and Quantization

10

Overview of Sampling and Quantization

Session Number: Session 5

Session Outcome: examine How pixels are formed and its operations
Time(mi
BT
Topic
n)
L
05
Attendance
10
Recap of Previous Session
25

Some Basic Relationships Between Pixels

10

One Minute Paper

15

Distance Measures

15

Linear and Nonlinear Operations

20

Overview of Session 3,4,5

Session Number: Session 6

Session Outcome: Illustrate the Image Transformations
Time(mi
Topic
n)
05
Attendance
10
Recap of Previous Session

BT
L

Teaching
Method

Learning

Active Learning
White Board with Marker,
PPT
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PPT
White Board with Marker,
PPT

Teaching
Method

Learning

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PPT
Active Learning
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PPT
White Board with Marker,
PPT

Teaching
Method

Learning

20

Introduction to Image Enhancement in the Spatial

Domain

25

Some Basic Gray Level Transformations.

10

Think/ Pair/Share
Histogram Processing(Histogram Equalization &
Histogram Matching (Specification))
Overview of the Session

25
05

White Board with Marker,

PPT
White Board with Marker,
PPT
Active Learning
White Board with Marker,
PPT

Session Number: Session 7

Session Outcome: Explain Histogram processing and enhancement Operations
Time(mi
BT Teaching

Learning
Topic
n)
L
Method
05
Attendance
10
Recap of Previous Session
Histogram Processing(Local Histogram Processing &
White Board with Marker,
25
2
Using Histogram Statistics for Image Enhancement)
PPT
White Board with Marker,
20
Enhancement Using Arithmetic/Logic Operations
2
PPT
10
Test Questions
Active Learning
White Board with Marker,
10
Basics of Spatial Filtering
1
PPT
White Board with Marker,
20
Smoothing Spatial Filters
2
PPT
Session Number: Session 8
Session Outcome: Analyze how Images are processed using Spatial Filtering methods
Time(mi
BT Teaching

Learning
Topic
n)
L
Method
05
Attendance
10
Recap of Previous Session
White Board with Marker,
25
Sharpening Spatial Filters,
2
PPT
White Board with Marker,
20
Combining Spatial Enhancement Methods
2
PPT
White Board with Marker,
15
Overview of Image enhancement
1
PPT
05
Questions
Active Learning
White Board with Marker,
10
Introduction to Image Restoration
1
PPT
White Board with Marker,
10
A Model of the Image Degradation/Restoration Process.
2
PPT
Session Number: Session 9
Session Outcome: Learn the Importance of Noise Models and their processing
Time(mi
BT Teaching

Learning
Topic
n)
L
Method
05
Attendance
10
Recap of Previous Session
White Board with Marker,
20
Noise Models
2
PPT
10
Leading Questions
Active Learning
Restoration in the Presence of Noise Only-Spatial
White Board with Marker,
20
2
Filtering
PPT
White Board with Marker,
20
Periodic Noise Reduction by Frequency Domain Filtering
2
PPT
White Board with Marker,
15
Linear, Position-Invariant Degradations.
1
PPT
Session Number: Session 10

Session Outcome: explain the Usage of Inverse Filter

Time(mi
Topic
n)
05
Attendance
05
Recap of Previous Session

BT
L

25

Estimating the Degradation Function

10

Inverse Filtering

10

One Minute Paper

10

Minimum Mean Square Error (Wiener) Filtering.

15

Constrained Least Squares Filtering.

20

Geometric Mean Filter and Transformations

Session Number: Session 11

Session Outcome: examine how Color Images are processed
Time(mi
Topic
n)
05
Attendance
10
Recap of Previous Session

BT
L

10

Introduction to Color Image Processing

20

Color Fundamentals

20

Color Models

10

Statement opinion Summary

15

Pseudo color Image Processing

10

Basics of Full-Color Image Processing.

Session Number: Session 12

Session Outcome: significance of Color Image Processing
Time(mi
Topic
n)
05
Attendance
10
Recap of Previous Session

BT
L

25

Color Transformations

15

Smoothing and Sharpening

15

Color Segmentation,

15

Noise in Color Images

10

Color Image Compression

Teaching
Method

Learning

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PPT
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PPT
Active Learning
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PPT
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PPT
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PPT

Teaching
Method

Learning

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PPT
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PPT
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PPT
Active Learning
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PPT
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PPT

Teaching
Method

Learning

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PPT
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PPT
White Board with Marker,
PPT
White Board with Marker,
PPT
White Board with Marker,
PPT
Active Learning

05
Questions
Session Number: Session 13
Session Outcome: understand the Sophisticated methods of Image compression
Time(mi
BT Teaching

Learning
Topic
n)
L
Method
05
Attendance
10
Recap of Previous Session
10
One minute Paper
Active Learning

30

Wavelet and Multiresolution Processing Background

40

Multiresolution Expansions

05

Overview of the session

Session Number: Session 14

Session Outcome: Know the importance of Wavelets
Time(mi
Topic
n)
05
Attendance
10
Recap of Previous Session
10
Quiz

BT
L

25

Wavelet Transforms in One Dimension

15

The Fast Wavelet Transform

20

Wavelet Transforms in Two Dimensions

20

Wavelet Packets

Session Number: Session 15

Session Outcome: explain the concept of Image Compression
Time(mi
Topic
n)
05
Attendance
10
Recap of Previous Session

BT
L

20

Introduction to Image Compression Models

15

Image Compression Models

10

Brain Storming Session

25

Elements of Information Theory

15

Error-Free Compression

Session Number: Session 16

Session Outcome: Illustrate the processing of Images and Videos
Time(mi
Topic
n)
05
Attendance
10
Recap of Previous Session

BT
L

25

Lossy Compression Lossy Predictive coding

15

Transform Coding and Wavelet Coding

10

Focused Listing
Image Compression Standards Binary Image
Compression Standard

20
25

Continuous Tone Still Image & Video Compression

Session Number: Session 17

Session Outcome: Illustrate Various Morphological Methods
Time(mi
Topic

2
2

BT

White Board with Marker,

PPT
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PPT

Teaching
Method

Learning

Active Learning
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PPT
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PPT
White Board with Marker,
PPT
White Board with Marker,
PPT

Teaching
Method

Learning

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PPT
White Board with Marker,
PPT
Active Learning
White Board with Marker,
PPT
White Board with Marker,
PPT

Teaching
Method

Learning

White Board with Marker,

PPT
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PPT
Active Learning
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PPT
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PPT

Teaching

Learning

n)

L
05
10
20

Attendance
Recap of Previous Session
Introduction to Morphological Image ProcessingPreliminaries

25

Dilation and Erosion

15

Opening and Closing

15

The Hit-or-Miss Transformation

10

Test Questions

Session Number: Session 18

Session Outcome: Illustrate Various Morphological Algorithms
Time(mi
Topic
n)
05
Attendance
10
Recap of Previous Session
40

Some Basic Morphological Algorithms

20

Immediate Feedback

20

Extensions to Gray-Scale Images

05

Overview of the session

Session Number: Session 19

Session Outcome: know the importance of Image Segmentation
Time(mi
Topic
n)
05
Attendance
05
Recap of Previous Session

BT
L

BT
L

10

Introduction to Image Segmentation

20

Test Questions

20

Detection of Discontinuities

20

Edge Linking and Boundary Detection

20

Thresholding

Session Number: Session 20

Session Outcome: How Region Based Segmentation is used
Time(mi
Topic
n)
05
Attendance
10
Recap of Previous Session
05
Think/ Pair/Share

BT
L

20

Region-Based Segmentation

35

Segmentation by Morphological Watersheds

25

The Use of Motion in Segmentation

05

Overview of the session

Session Number: Session 21

Method

White Board with Marker,

PPT
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PPT
White Board with Marker,
PPT
White Board with Marker,
PPT
Active Learning

Teaching
Method

Learning

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PPT
Active Learning
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PPT

Teaching
Method

Learning

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PPT
Active Learning
White Board with Marker,
PPT
White Board with Marker,
PPT
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PPT

Teaching
Method

Learning

Active Learning
White Board with Marker,
PPT
White Board with Marker,
PPT
White Board with Marker,
PPT

Session Outcome: understand the general representation and description of images

Time(mi
BT Teaching

Learning
Topic
n)
L
Method
05
Attendance
05
Recap of Previous Session
White Board with Marker,
10
Introduction to Representation and Description
1
PPT
White Board with Marker,
25
Representation
2
PPT
White Board with Marker,
25
Boundary Descriptors.
2
PPT
10
Just in Time Teaching
Active Learning
White Board with Marker,
20
Regional Descriptors.
2
PPT
Session Number: Session 22
Session Outcome: Explain Principal Component Analysis of Images
Time(mi
Topic
n)
05
Attendance
10
Recap of Previous Session
05
Leading Questions
Use of Principal Components for Description
30
20

Relational Descriptors

15

Overview of Session 20,21,22

15

Patterns and Pattern Classes

Session Number: Session 23

Session Outcome: explain various object recognition methods
Time(mi
Topic
n)
05
Attendance
10
Recap of Previous Session
Recognition Based on Decision-Theoretic Methods20
Matching
25

Optimum Statistical Classifiers

20

Test Questions

25

Neural Networks

Session Number: Session 24

Session Outcome: recognize the Objects using Structural Methods
Time(mi
Topic
n)
05
Attendance
05
Recap of Previous Session

BT
L

2
2

BT
L

2
2

BT
L

15

Structural Methods matching Shape Numbers

15

String matching, Syntactic Recognition of Strings

10

Syntactic recognition of trees

10
40

Questions
Revision of Completed Syllabus

Teaching
Method

Learning

Active Learning
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PPT
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PPT
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PPT

Teaching
Method

Learning

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PPT
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Active Learning
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Teaching
Method

Learning

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Active Learning

EVALUATION PLAN:
Evalua
tion
Compo
nent
COI
Numb
er

Weigh
tage/
Marks

Dat
e

Durat
ion
(Hour
s)

BTL
Test 1

Test 2

Test 3

Active
Learni
ng

Weight
age (10
%)
Max
Marks
(30)
Weight
age (10
%)
Max
Marks
(30)
Weight
age (10
%)
Max
Marks
(30)
Weight
age
(5%)
Max
Marks

27.0
1.20
16

1:30

02.0
3.20
16

CO 1

CO 2

CO 4

10

10

10
3

10

10

10
3

10

10

10

0.4
2

0.4
2

0.6
3

1:30

29.0
3.20
16

CO 3

1:30

0.4
2

0.4
2

0.4
2

0.4
2

0.4
2

0.4
2

0.4
2

0.4
2

0.4
2

Attendan
ce

Semes
ter
End
Exam

(25)
Weightag
e (5%)
Weigh
tage
(60%)
Max
Marks
(60)
Questi
on
Numb
er

11.0
5.20
16

3:00

1
(a)
or
2
(a)

1
(b)
or
2
(b)

1
(c)
or
2
(c)

3
(a)
or
4
(a)

3
(b)
or
4
(b)

5
(a)
or
6
(a)

5
(b)
or
6
(b)

5
(c)
or
6
(c)

8
7(c)
9(c)
or
8(c)
10(c
)

3
(c)
or
4
(c)

7(a)
9(a)
or
8(a)
10(a)

7(b)
9(b)
or
8(b)
10(b)

Course Team members, Chamber Consultation Hours and Chamber Venue details:
S.No.

Name
Faculty

of

Chamber
Consultation
Day(s)

M.Venkata Naresh All Working Days

Chamber
Chamber
Consultation
Consultation
Timings
for Room No:
each day
12:40 to 1:30 (50 E008
Min)

Signature of
Course
faculty

Signature of COURSE COORDINATOR:

(M.Venkata Naresh)
Recommended by HEAD OF DEPARTMENT:
(Dr. V. Srikanth)
Approved By: DEAN-ACADEMICS
(Sign with Office Seal)