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Jargon Dictionary
Integrity Management
The quality of state of being, complete unbroken and
unimpaired condition. Looks to the whole picture, not
individual components. Asset integrity refers to the
fitness of an asset to be operated as intended, and to
perform as intended.
Organisational Integrity
This concept can be described as knowing what the
right things to do are, and doing the right things, also
described as the values and beliefs which drive the
behaviours, systems and practices required to achieve
corporate integrity goals.
Optimal outcome
This is the best outcome possible from an activity and
factors in a cost/benefit balance in relation to the risk
profile, always taking the highest value decision.
Asset Management
Asset management is defined as the optimum way of
managing usually physical assets to achieve a
desired and sustainable outcome, usually measured in
terms of operational performance or financial
profitability.
Risk Management
A systematic approach used to identify, evaluate, and
reduce or eliminate the possibility of an unfavourable
deviation from the expected outcome of any process
or activity or operating scenario.
Asset Activity Cycle
This cycle begins at the concept and business case,
before moving to design, purchase and construction,
the delivery and commissioning, and the operating
and maintenance of an asset before concluding at the
dismantling of the asset.
Risk
A risk is the likelihood that the hazard will actually
cause its adverse effects, together with the measure
of the effect.
The probability of a risk is the likelihood or a chance
of that risk occurring being wither negative or
positive.
Risk Register
A Risk Register is a log of risks such as financial,
operational, strategic and compliance risks as well as
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Human integrity
The concept of human integrity in this context refers
to individuals within an organization having sound
moral principles, usually associated with honesty and
sincerity.
HAZID
A Hazard Identification Study or HAZID is a tool for
hazard analysis, used early in a project to help project
planners identify, analyse and evaluate the potential
for hazards and to allow them to take corrective
measures.
Organization
An organization is not simply a structure or another
word to describe a business. Instead, for this purpose,
it can be defined as a group which distributes tasks for
a collective goal.
HAZOP
The Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) is a
qualitative risk analysis technique that is used to
identify weaknesses and hazards that may represent
risks to personnel or equipment, or prevent efficient
operation in a systematic way.
Culture
The culture of a company is concerned with the
attitudes and behaviours of a group of people. It
relates to the collective behaviour of a group and is
realized through communication and co-operation
between people. Culture can be learned.
SWIFT
SWIFT is a risk analysis method where the lead
question What If is used to systematically identify
deviations from normal conditions. SWIFT is similar to
HAZOP but is more flexible than HAZOP
Values
Values in this context are the core convictions
employees have about how they must behave in the
fulfillment of the organization's mission. Values are
really the fundamentals for the desired behavior.
FMEA
Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is a method
used to reveal failures and to predict failure effects on
the system as a whole. For each component of the
system, you investigate what happens to the system if
this component fails.
Leadership
Leadership is a process in which one person affects
another with influence to reach a certain target.
Leadership is not necessarily a hierarchical concept,
and leadership can be demonstrated by all levels of an
organization.
FMECA
If you describe and rank the criticalities of the failures
in the FMEA, the analysis is often referred to as a
FMECA (Failure Mode, Effect and Criticality Analysis).
The criticality is functional to the failure effect and
frequency or the probability
ALARP
Once risks have been identified and assessed, an
action plan is usually developed to allow operators to
reduce that risk to a level As Low As Reasonably
Practicable (ALARP) which applies pragmatism to the
process of addressing risk.
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Policy
A policy is a statement of intent/commitment. The
policy must provide principles and guidelines for the
governing of the company and it provides directions
and limits within which decisions are made.
Mission
A mission is the reason for existence of the
organization - e.g.to maximize integrity to ensure
safety and quality of the products and assets to
guarantee the safety of the people and the
environment.
Texas City
BP refining facility where an explosion took place in
March 2005 which resulted in 15 fatalities, more than
170 injuries and a report which criticised the safety
culture which was deemed at least partly responsible
for the incident.
Management system
A set of interrelated processes, practices, procedures
and instructions and includes organizational structure,
roles and responsibilities. A management system is
the framework or architecture of how the
organization will work.
Deepwater Horizon
The name of the drilling rig which saw an oil blowout
in April 2010 which resulted in 11 fatalities, 17
injuries, around 5m barrels of oil spilt, a 100bn hit to
BPs market value, and strict regulations on deepwater
operations.
Buncefield
A UK oil storage depot which exploded in December
2005 injuring 43 people, and causing a fire which took
5 days to extinguish, and resulted in a total cost of
1bn. Led to a number of safety and emergency
response recommendations.
Stakeholders
A stakeholder is any person/organization that can be
positively/negatively impacted or cause an impact on
the actions of a company, government or
organization.
Asset life cycle
Begins with the initial concept/business case and
continues through design, purchase, construction and
commissioning, operations and maintenance,
improvement and modification all the way to
decommissioning/dismantling.
Asset register
A complete record of an asset, which can include
service delivery functions, physical properties,
technical data, safety and integrity data, key
operational data, maintenance data performance
records and financial information.
Active errors
Active errors are associated with front line operators
of a complex system, whose effects are felt almost
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Barriers
These are measure put in place to diminish or reduce
the possible maximum consequence that might be
caused by an incident and may be prevention,
detection, control, mitigation or emergency response
measures.
Accident pyramids
The accident pyramid proposes that for every 300
non-injury accidents, there are 29 minor injuries, and
1 major injury. These finding suggest that if a
company can control unsafe behaviours, they can
eliminate major injuries.
Safety case
A Safety/HSE Case is a detailed document
demonstrating that formal risk assessments have
been carried out, hazards are being managed, and
providing assurance that gaps are being addressed,
that risks are managed to ALARP.
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System criticality
Modern facilities have a large number of risk control
systems that could be deemed Critical. Identifying
those that are truly critical allows us to concentrate
our efforts (design, maintenance, etc.) on those
systems.
Verification scheme
This is a written process implemented to confirm, or
otherwise, that Critical Risk Control Systems are
suitable and remain in good condition. It also
manages the Critical Risk Control Systems assurance
during the asset lifetime.
Performance standards
A Performance Standard is a statement, either
qualitative or quantitative, of the performance
required of a HSE critical system or item of equipment
and which is used as the basis for managing the
hazard through the installation life-cycle.
Management review
These regular audits assess the overall effectiveness
of the asset integrity management system and help
identify possible improvement opportunities in asset
integrity, including lessons learned, benchmarking and
objective setting.
FARSI requirements
Performance standards criteria for safety critical
elements - FARSI includes Functionality,
Availability/Reliability, Survivability and
Interdependence.
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Performance standards
Functionality: what it has to do; Reliability: the
required probability of it functioning correctly on
demand; and Survivability: if it is necessary to survive
an incident to complete its protective function
Hazard identification
A Hazard Identification Study (HAZID) is a tool for
hazard analysis, used early in a project as soon as
process flow diagrams, draft heat and mass balances,
and plot layouts are available.
Simultaneous operations
Simultaneous Operations (SimOps) is defined as
performing two or more operations concurrently.
SIMOPS refers to two or more potentially clashing
operations occurring, for example, at the same
time/same place.
Fitness-for-service (FFS)
FFS is a Quantitative engineering evaluation to
determine if an in-service equipment is safe and
reliable to operate at specific conditions during a
determined time
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Protective Systems
Those safety systems, devices and controls which
make a primary contribution to preventing, detecting,
controlling or mitigating a major accident, or ensuring
the escape and survival of people.
Anomaly Processing
Logs of defects maintained, fitness-for-service
analyses performed, corrective actions recommended
with due dates defined. Corrective work orders
entered into maintenance management system.
Action accountabilities assigned.
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