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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Generation
Fuel energy is converted into heat energy.
It converts into mechanical energy.
Mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy.
Transmission System
It connect the generation and distribution system.
It consists of extra high voltage (200 kV to 400 kV) line
system.
Power Grid
For the economical and technological reason individual power systems are
Two generators are connected to the transmission line. If the magnitude is same but
the frequency is different, what will be the power and is it tolerable?
Economic
-- to reduce the reserve generation capacity.
Advantage
It provides capacity savings by seasonal exchange of power between areas having
Disadvantage
Interconnection causes larger current to flow on transmission line
Functions of LDC
Load balance and quality of supply.
Maintenance scheduling of generating units and transmission lines.
Economic load dispatch.
Grid discipline.
Load forecasting or demand estimations.
System security and islanding facility.
Islanding
Cascading failures and blackouts are the most significant threats for
This is the alternate power source that enables the facility to function
independently.
Possible sources of energy include solar power, wind, coal, and nuclear
energy.
Some generators can be run by fossil fuels, though these are extremely
expensive for larger facilities.
Clean and environmentally safe solar power is generally a favored form of
alternative power, though it may not be as efficient as fossil fuels.
Some facilities will use more than one form of alternative energy when
islanding.
One common configuration is a building that uses both solar panels and wind
power generated from turbines.
A system like this can be more effective because the two power sources are
often complementary, with one compensating for the weaknesses of the
other.
Some distributed generators may also be used along with the power from an
electrical utility.
Intentional islanding can be a practical solution for facilities located far from
standard electrical utilities.