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CIRCUITS
CIRCUITS 2
EXPERIMENT NO. 5
R1 0 ).
ZT = 1.61 k
Calculate the total impedance (magnitude and angle) and current I p-p from the
nameplate value of the inductance and the measured resistor value. Ignore the
effect of R1.
ZT (theoretical) = 2.069 k<17.44,
I p-p (calculated)=
4.945 mA
Compare the results of (d) and (e) and explain the source of any differences.
The result of (d) is the input impedance by dividing the supply to the current. While
in (e), the total total impedance was computed using the formula of inductive
reactance.
CIRCUITS 2
EXPERIMENT NO. 5
Show that your measurements from (b) satisfy Kirchhoffs voltage law. That is, show
that
E= V R2 +V L 2 .
E = 8.33V
VL = 5.48<32.14
VR = 4.945<0
Determine the phase angle between E and VR using the connections shown in Fig.
6.1 and the dual-trace method introduced in Experiment 5.
Interchange the positions of the resistor and the coil and repeat (h). The phase
angle is now between E and VL.
The phase angle between VR and VL should be 90. Does
the percent difference
1 +
= 90? What is
%difference=____________
Using E= 0.707(8/2)<0 , R= 1k and L = 10mH ( R = 0), calculate V , V and I at f
= 10 kHz and draw the phasor diagram. Determine the phase angle between E and
V and compare to the measured value of (h). Determine from the phasor diagram
and compare to of (i).
I =2.39<32.14 mA
V R =2.39 V <32.14 V
V L = 2.024V<-64.28
Continue the mathematical analysis to find all the theoretical (second column)
values of Table 6.3.
Use the measured values to determine all the quantities of the first column Table
6.3.
TABLE 6.3
E p p
Measured
(or
Calculated
from
Measured
Values)
8V
V R ( p p)
5.397 V
Quantity
Theoretical
(Calculated)
8V
5.5 V
CIRCUITS 2
EXPERIMENT NO. 5
V L( p p)
6.374 V
6.4 V
I p p
5.397 mA
5.7 mA
Erms
11.31V
11.1V
V R (rms)
7.63V
7.6V
V L(rms)
9.01V
9V
I rms
7.63mA
7.5mA
ZT
2.096 k
2.1 k
T
PT
29.13mW
FP
.5
V R ( p p)
V C( p p)
V R ( p p)=5.397 V
Determine
I p p
I p p
V C( p p)
from
I p p
= 6.374 V
=
V R ( p p)
Rmeasured
E p p
=5.397 mA
ZT
I p p .
Z T (measured) = 2.096 k
CIRCUITS 2
EXPERIMENT NO. 5
I p p
from the
Z T (theoretical) =,2.1 k
I p p
(calculated) = 5.7 mA
Compare the results of (d) and (e) and explain the source differences.
Show that your measurements from (b) satisfy Kirchhoffs voltage. That is, show
that
E= V R2 +V C 2 .
VR
1 +
= 90? What
from
of (i).
E p p
Measured
(or
Calculated
from
Measured
Values)
8V
V R ( p p)
5.022V
Quantity
Theoretical
(Calculated)
8V
5.3V
CIRCUITS 2
EXPERIMENT NO. 5
V L( p p)
105.206mV
105.1mV
I p p
1.888A
2A
Erms
11.31V
11.3V
V R (rms)
7.10V
7V
V L(rms)
148.78mV
148. 8mV
I rms
2.67A
2.6A
ZT
2.096k
2.1k
PT
3.53nW
3.3nW
FP
0.48nW
0.5nW
V R ( p p)=13.641 V
V C( p p)
= 35.06 V
= 92.032 mV
Determine
I p p
V L( p p)
I p p
from
I p p
V R ( p p)
Rmeasured
= 1.747 A
Calculate
ZT
from
ZT
E p p
I p p .
CIRCUITS 2
EXPERIMENT NO. 5
ZT
= 4.579 M
ZT
ZT
= 2000 +j2219.82
2
V L V C
V 2R +
Verify Kirchhoffs law by showing that E=
using E = E<0.
Use the voltage divider rule to determine the voltage
E=
V ab ( p p )
(13.64)2 +(35.0692.032)2
E = 58.58 V
Discussion
Kirchhoffs voltage law is applicable to ac circuits, but it is now stated as
follows: The phasor sum of the voltages around a closed loop is equal to zero.
For example, in a series circuit, the source voltage is the phasor sum of the
component (load) voltages. For a series R-L-C Circuit,
V L V C
2
E2=V 2R + )
so that
2
V L V C
V 2R +
E=
Where E is the source voltage, V R the voltage across the total resistance of
the circuit, VL the voltage across the total inductance, and V C the total voltage
across the total capacitance.
Since the resistance and the reactance of a series R-L-C circuit are in
quadrature,
2
Z =R + X T
where XT (total reactance) = XL XC.
In a series R-L-C sinusoidal circuit, the voltage across a reactive component
may be greater than the input voltage.
The average power (in watts) delivered to a sinusoidal circuit is
CIRCUITS 2
EXPERIMENT NO. 5
R
F P= T =cos
ZT
where
For an ideal inductor, the current lags the voltage across it by 90. For a
capacitor, the current leads the voltage across it by 90. Inductive circuits are
therefore called lagging power-factor circuits and capacitive circuits are called
leading power-factor circuits.
In a purely resistive circuit, the voltage and the current are in phase and the
power factor is unity.
Conclusion
V L V C 2
V 2R +
E=
Where E is the source voltage, V R the voltage across the total resistance of
the circuit, VL the voltage across the total inductance, and V C the total voltage
across the total capacitance.
For an ideal inductor, the current lags the voltage across it by 90. For a
capacitor, the current leads the voltage across it by 90. Inductive circuits are
therefore called lagging power-factor circuits and capacitive circuits are called
leading power-factor circuits.
CIRCUITS 2
EXPERIMENT NO. 5