BARIUM NITRATE

CONTENTS
SECTION

PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS AND SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION

II

PRODUCT APPLICATIONS

SECTION

III

INDIAN MANUFACTURERS

SECTION

IV

IMPORT/EXPORT TRENDS

SECTION

PRICE TRENDS

SECTION

VI

INDIAN DEMAND

SECTION

VII

BROAD OUTLINE OF MANUFACTURING PROCESS

SECTION

VIII

RAW MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS AND AVAILABILITY

SECTION

IX

GLOBAL SCENARIO

SECTION

DISCUSSIONS ON ECONOMIC CAPACITY,

PROJECT COST AND PROFITABILITY PROJECTIONS

SECTION

XI

SWOT ANALYSIS

SECTION

XII

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE POSITION FOR

A NEW INDUSTRY AND RECOMMENDATIONS

SECTION I
PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS AND SPECIFICATIONS
1.1.

General details

Appearance
Chemical formula
Melting point
Specific gravity
Solubility

Colourless crystals
Ba(NO3)2
592 deg.C
3.24
Insoluble in alcohol.

Stability

On heating, Barium Nitrate decomposes

into Barium Oxide,Barium Peroxide,Nitric
oxide, Nitrogen and oxygen.

1.2.

Specification for Barium Nitrate for explosives and Pyrotechnic composition

IS:4396-1981
Characteristics
Moisture, % by mass, max
Matter insoluble in water, % by mass, max

Requirements
0.5
0.5

Organic matter
Hygroscopicity, % by mass, max
Grit, % by mass, max
PH (of 5% solution)
Chlorides (as NaCl) % by mass, max
Nitrites (as KNO2), % by mass, max
Chlorates
Sodium compounds (as NaNO3), % by mass, max
Ammonium compounds (as NH3), % by mass, max
Calcium compounds (as Calcium nitrite), % by mass max
Sulphur
Barium nitrate content Ba(NO3)2, % by mass max

SECTION II
2

0.1
0.5
0.05
5.5 to 7.5
0.25
0.03
To pass the test
0.5
0.01
0.05
Nil
99.00

PRODUCT APPLICATIONS
Various applications of Barium nitrate make use of its property of easy decomposition as
well as its characteristic green flame.
Application sector
*
*
*
*
*
*

Pyrotechnics
Green flares
Tracer bullets
Primers
Detonators
Vacuum tube industry

Barium nitrate is used as a plaining agent in the manufacture of special glasses and
optical glasses in place of the combination alkali metal nitrate - arsenic.
The component in pyrotechnics to produce a green colour requires very pure Barium
nitrate of 99.5 to 99.8%. The content of other flame colourants - sodium , strontium,
calcium must be extremely low.

SECTION III
INDIAN MANUFACTURERS
Barium Nitrate is produced by a number of units in small scale sector, which include the
following:
*

Athiappa Chemicals (P) Ltd.,

A-52 & A55, PIPDIC Indl. Estate,
Mettupalayam, Pondicherry-605 009.

Cosmic Chemicals
K-20, MIDC,
Tarapur, Boisar, Dist. Thane-401 506.

Krishna Chemical Company,

Plot No.1/20 & 1/21,
I.D.A., Gajulamandyam - 517 520.

Rayalaseema Chemicals,
141, Indl. Development Area,
Cuddapah - 516 004.
Fac : 44276

Ramchand Organic Chemicals

71, Sammandapuram St.,
Rajapalayam 626 117

Sri Annapurna Chemical Industries,

Block 12, Flat No.71, Municipal Colony, Malakpet,
Hyderabad - 500 036.

TCM Ltd.,
(Formerly Travancore Chemical & Mfg. Co. Ltd.,)
P.B. No. 19, Kalamassery - 683 104
Kerala

Vishnu Chemicals Pvt. Ltd.

6-3-662/B/A, Flat No.1
Suvarna House, Sangeetnagar Colony
Somajiguda, Hyderabad-500 082

Victory Chemicals Pvt. Ltd.

A/14-C, SIPCOT Indl. Complex,
Post Bag No.3,
Cuddalore-607 005

Indian installed capacity

Around 10,000 tonnes per annum.

4

SECTION IV
IMPORT/EXPORT TRENDS
4.1.

Imports

4.1.1. Present import level

4000 kg per annum

4.1.2. Countrywise Imports

Period April 2001 to March 2002
Country

Quantity in Kgs

China P RP

3950

4.2.

Exports

4.2.1. Export level

Around 2500 kg per annum

4.2.2. Countrywise Exports of Barium Nitrate

Period April 2001 to March 2002
Country

Quantity in Kgs

Korea RP

2500

4.2.3. Sample of individual exports

Name of the exports

Value in Rs.

Country

Date

Port

Titan Pharma Ltd.,

Quantity in
tonnes
0.001

124

Djibouti

Mumbai

Titan Pharma Ltd.,

0.001

124

Djibouti

28.08.2002 to
31.08.2002
28.08.2002 to
31.08.2002

Mumbai

SECTION V
PRICE TRENDS
Basic price

Rs.38000 per tonne

Taxes and duties

Extra as applicable

SECTION VI
INDIAN DEMAND
Applications

Pyrotechnics/explosive
industry

Barium nitrate

As a plaining agent in
glass industry

Miscellaneous
In tracere bullets
In primers
In detonators
In vacuum mtube
industry

In India, around 80% of the Barium nitrate goes in the fire works industries; currently
consuming around 6500 tonnes per year, on all India basis.
The Sivakasi fire works industry alone consumes around 4000 tonnes per year, peak
season being August, September, October, February and March.
Consumption by opthalmic glass and ceramic industries is around 750 tonnes only
currently. In this sector, the demand is not likely to go up much in the coming years
Demand

8000 tonnes per annum

Pattern of demand

Miscellaneous 9%

Opthalmic glass and

ceramic industries
9%

Fire works
82%

Estimated growth rate in demand: 7 to 8% per annum

SECTION VII
BROAD OUTLINE OF MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Barium Nitrate can be produced from Barium sulphide, Barium Chloride or Barium
Carbonate.
Barium sulphide solution reacts directly with sodium nitrate, as per the following
reaction.
BaS + 2NaNO3

Ba(NO3)2 + Na2S

The heavy metals and the sulphur formed are removed by filtration. Barium Nitrate
formed is crystallised at low temperature under vacuum.
Alternate process for the production of Barium Nitrate is by double conversion of Barium
chloride and sodium Nitrate or Calcium Nitrate.
Considering the process conditions as well as material of construction requirements and
process economics, production of Barium Nitrate from Barium carbonate is
recommended.
The detailed process for the production of Barium Nitrate from Barium Carbonate is
further explained below:
The Nitric acid is diluted with half its volume of water in a reaction vessel and heated to
about 70 to 80 deg.C. To the hot dilute acid solution, Baium carbonate is added
gradually with continuous agitation, when all the Nitric acid would be neutralised. The
solution is filtered, evaporated, and allowed to crystallise overnight in a cool place.
On cooling, crystals of Barium Nitrate separate out. The crystals are then dried.
By crystallising twice from water and drying overnight at 110 deg.C. the yield can be
optimised.
Indian trend
Commercially, most of the manufacturers in India follow the Nitric acid neutralisation
with BaCO3 due to its simplicity, easy raw material availability, low capital deployment
etc.

Source of technology
T.S. Enterprises,
Works
E-416 Road No.14
Vishwakarma Ind.Area,
Jaipur-302 013
Rajasthan
Office :
A-151, Nehru Nagar,
Jaipur - 302 016.
Major plant and machinery and suppliers
Name of the equipment

Name of the company

Pulveriser

ACE Pack Machines

23, V.N. Industrial Estate
Bharathi Colony,Near Athiparasakthi Temple
Peelamedu, Coimbatore-641 004
Frigmaires Engineers
PO Box 16353, 8, Janata Industrial Estate
Senapati Bapat Marg
Opp Phoenix Mill, Lower Parel (W)
Mumbai-400 013

Rotary kiln

Veesons Boiler Engineers

C-14/2, Industrial Estate,
Trichy-620 015
Nadi Airtechnics
EBM - Nadi International Pvt. Ltd.
(An Indo-German Joint Venture)
26 and 26/3, G.N.T. Road,
Erukkencherry, Chennai-600 118, Tamil Nadu

Reactors

Chemitherm Plants & Systems P. Ltd.,

30, Anandha Street
Alwarpet, Chennai-600 018
Texel Fabricators Pvt. Ltd.,
335, Sidco Industrial Estate,
Ambattur, Chennai-600 098, Tamil Nadu
10

Leaching tank
Neutraliser

Nutche filter

Sharplex Agro Process (I) Pvt. Ltd.,

302, Hill View Industrial Estate, LBS Marg
Ghatkopar (W), Bombay-400 086
Sharplex Agro Process (I) Pvt. Ltd.,
302, Hill View Industrial Estate, LBS Marg
Ghatkopar (W), Bombay-400 086
Aristo Engineers
J-3, Vikas Udyog Nagar,
Behind Kasturi Tiwer
Phatak-Goddeo Road,
Bhayander (E), Thane-401 105
A.V. Industrial Plastics Corp.
202/Him Shikhar,
1st Floor, Plot No.113
Sector 21, Near Apna Bazar
Nerul, Navi Mumbai-400 706
Bifriends Engineering Works
Klm College, Sant Narsi Mehta Marg,
Parsiwadi, Ghatkopar (W),
Mumbai-400 084

Evaporator

Excel Industrial Services

White House, D-111/8,Ist Main Road,
Anna Nagar (East)
Chennai-600 102
Alfa Laval Saunders (India) Ltd.,
No.18, Gill Nagar, Fist Street
Chennai-600 094

Centrifuge

Vacuum tray dryer

Boilers

Hydrabad Met Chem. Pvt. Ltd.,

34, C.I.E., Phase II,
Gandhinagar, Opp. IDPL Colony
Hyderabad-500 037
Spark Engineers Pvt. Ltd.,
5/332, State Bank Colony II
Salem-636 004
V.P. Engineering
Plot No.25/8, MIDC,
Opp. Hindustan Petroleum,
Turbhe, Navi Mumbai-400 705
Cethar Vessels Ltd.,
No.4, Dindigul High Road,
Trichy
Firetech Boilers Pvt. Ltd.
11

No.211, 2nd Cross,

38th Main, B.T.M. Layout
2nd Stage, Bangalore-68

SECTION VIII
RAW MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS AND AVAILABILITY
Basis: One tonne of Barium Nitrate
Barium Carbonate

: 0.755 tonne

Dilute Nitric acid

: 0.811 tonne

Raw Material Availability

Source of supply of raw materials
Name of
materials

the

raw Name of the company

Barium carbonate

Chandan Chemicals (P) Ltd., Andhra Pradesh

Rayalaseema Chemicals, Cudappah
Ramakrishna Chemicals Ltd., Cudappah
Sri Annapurna Chemical Industries, Hyderabad

Nitric acid

Deepak Nitrite Ltd., Baroda

Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Ltd., Mumbai

12

SECTION IX
GLOBAL SCENARIO
Global producers include the following
*

Solvay & Cie S.A.,

a) Rue du Prince Albert 33
1050 Brussels

Degussa AG
Postfach 1105 33, D-6000 Frankfurt 11
Degussa-Huls AG
Specialty Chemicals Division
Sivento, Chemical Catalysts
Weissfrauenstrasse 9,
D-60287 Frankfurt/M,Germany

Barium Chemicals Co. Ltd.,

Tekko Bldg
8-2, Marunouchi 1-chome
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100

Sakai Chemical Industry Co. Ltd.,

Head Office :
1-1-23, Ebisuno-cho-nishi
Sakai, Osaka 590-8502

San Yuan Chemical Co. Ltd.,

34, Guang-FUH Road Chia Tay Industrial,
Tai Pao Chia Yi, Taiwan.

Hummel Corporation
Post Box No.250-R
South Plain Field,
New Jersey, NJ 07080

13

SECTION - XI
DISCUSSIONS ON ECONOMIC CAPACITY, PROJECT COST AND
FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS
Economic capacity
Project cost

:
:

600 tonnes per annum

Rs. 133.51 lakhs

Assessment of project cost

1.

Land

S.No.

Description

Cost
Rs.in lakhs

1.1
1.2

Cost of land of one acre at Rs.5.5 lakh per acre

Cost of levelling, laying internal roads/fencing and
compound wall
Subtotal

2.

6.05

Building

S.No.

Description

2.1
2.2

Factory building of area 350 sq.m. at Rs.3200/sq.m.

Non-factory building of area 80 sq.m.at Rs.4500/sq.m.
Subtotal

3.

Cost
Rs.in lakhs
11.2
3.6
14.8

Cost of Plant & Machinery

S.No.

Description

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

Cost of basic plant and machinery

Instrumentation and control
Pipelines and valves
Structurals for erection
Subtotal
Octroi, excise duty, sales tax, etc.at 12%
Packaging and insurance charges (2%)
Transportation charges (2%)
Machinery stores and spares (2%)
Foundation charges (2%)
Installation charges (2%)
Total cost of plant and Machinery

3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10

5.5
0.55

Cost
Rs.in lakhs

14

48
3.6
4.8
2.4
58.8
7.06
1.18
1.18
1.18
1.18
1.18
71.76

4.

Technical know-how fees

5.

Miscellaneous fixed assets

Rs.4 lakhs

S.No.

Description

5.1.
5.2.
5.3.
5.4.
5.5.
5.6.
5.7.

Electrification
Steam boiler and auxillaries
Water storage tank, borewell etc.
Fuel storage tank
Laboratory equipment
Office machinery & equipment
Material handling equipment, packaging machinery,
Weigh balance, etc.
Diesel generator
Effluent treatment
Total

5.8.
5.9.

6.

Cost
Rs.in lakhs
4
4.6
0.8
1.2
0.8
1.4
1.4
5
0.8
20

Preliminary & Pre-operative expenses:

S.No.

Description

Cost
Rs.in lakhs

6.1.
6.2.
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.2.4
6.2.5
6.2.6
6.2.7

Preliminary expenses
Pre-operative expenses:Establishment
Rent rates and taxes
Travelling expenses
Interest and commitment charges on borrowings
Insurance during construction period
Other preoperative expenses and deposits
Interest on deferred payment
Total

0.8
0
0.8
0.8
1.5
12
1.2
0
0
17.1

7.

Provision for contingency

Rs.8.9 lakhs

8.

Working capital margin

Rs. 9.80 lakhs

9.

Total project cost

Rs.133.51 lakhs

10.

Means of Finance

Promoter's contribution
Term loan from financing instituions
Total project cost

Rs.46 lakhs
Rs.88 lakhs
Rs.134 lakhs
15

11.

Financial statements

11.I.

Cost of production

Rs.in lakhs
A.
Variable Cost
Raw material and utilities
140.99
Spares and maintenance
1.20
Selling expenses
11.40
153.59s
Total variable cost(A)
B.
Fixed Cost
Salaries and wages
7.88
Interest on term loan and working capital 15.84
loan
Depreciation
8.11
Administrative expenses
4.56
36.39
Total fixed cost(B)
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.

Total cost of production(A +B)

Selling price per kg. (in Rupees)
Annual sales turnover
Net profit before tax(E C)
Breakeven point in %

189.98
38
228
38.02
48%

16

SECTION XI
SWOT ANALYSIS
Strength
Weakness
Opportunity
Threat

Abundant availability of raw material

Environmental issues
Export market
Competitive conditions

17

SECTION XI
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE POSITION FOR A NEW INDUSTRY AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Barium nitrate is an important intermediate chemical, particularly finding application in
pyrotechnic industry, with growing demand
The basic raw material namely Barytes is available in India in large quantity.
Barium nitrate can be set up in multi product facility, where other Barium chemicals can
also be produced.
Considering the growth in demand and export opportunity, the project can be favourably
considered.

18

19