Calculus 1

1. Functions
1.1 Functions and properties of a graph
Def 1. If the variable y depends on x, so that each value of x has exactly one value of y, we say that y is a
function of x.
1. Let y=1+

x is a given function

) Find x so that y=4.

4=1+ x 3=

x x=9

) Find x so that y=0.

0=1+ x -1=

x .

There isnt a real number x, for which y=0.

) Find x so that y4.
1+ x 4 x 3 x9
) Does the given function has minimum and maximum value? If it has, find them!
The function has a minimum value 1, but it doesnt have a maximum value.
2. Let suppose that we have a tool that can measure the number of the world population in each
moment. Is the graph of the function of the world population that depends on the time is a continuous
curve? Explain!
No. With each birth and death, the world population increases or decreases by 1. So the world
population takes only integer discrete values.
3. One patient gets an injection every 8 hours. The injection contains some antibiotic. Between
injections, the concentration C of the antibiotic decreases, due to its absorption in the patient tissues.
Draw the graph of C in relation with the time T?

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10

15

20

1.2 Function properties

Def 1. Let y=f(x) . The set of all possible values of x is called the domain of f and the set of all possible
value of y for the given domain is called range of the function f.
Example:
y= x ;

x3; Df=[3,); Rf=[ 3 ,)

Def 2. If one real function is defined for real variable and if the domain is not given explicitly, then the
domain contain all real values for which f(X) is a real value. This domain is called the natural domain of
the function.
1. Find the domain of the given functions:
a) g(w)=

w 1
;
w w6
2

b) f(x)= 1 9 x 2

a) w 2 w 6 0
w 1/ 2 =

1 1 24 1 5
=
2
2

w1=-2;
w2=3;

Df=R\{-2,3}

Calculus 1

b) Df=?
9-x 2 0 x 2 9|x|3-3 x 3 Df=[-3,3]
Df"=?

1 9 x 2 0 9 x 2 1 9 x 2 1 x 2 8 ( x 2 2 or x 2 2 )

Df"= ( , 2 2 [2 2 ,
Df = Df Df"= [3,2 2 ] [2 2 ,3]

2. Find the range of the given functions:

a) y=

1
;
1 x2

a)

b) y=

x2 x 2
;
x2 x 2

y yx 2 = 1
1 y
x2 =
y
x2 0
1 y
0
y

1 y 0
or
y 0

1 y 0
1 y
) (
or

y 0
y 0

1 y
)

y 0

((0<y1) or (y)) (0<y1) Rf=(0,1];

) yx 2 xy 2 y x 2 x 2

( y 1) x 2 ( y 1) x 2( y 1) 0
This quadratic equation has real solutions for x if :
Case 1: D 0 when y 1 :

y1 / 2

18 324 196 18 8 2 9 4 2

14
14
7

Calculus 1

9 4 2 9 4 2
Rf =
,

7
7

Case 2: y=1. Then -2x=0x=0, so x has a real value. But y=1 is in the range stated previously, so this
case doesnt change the range.

3. Determine if the following graphs represent functions of x:

4. Suppose we have a hot coffee put in a cup. Afterwards, we add cold milk in the cup and we leave it for
one hour. Draw the graph of the temperature in the cup that depends on the time T.
T coffee temperature
t- time
T

5. Define the function by parts without use of absolute value.

a) f ( x) x 3x 1

x 3x 1, x 0
f ( x)
x 3x 1, x 0

) g ( x) 3 x 2 x 1 - homework

4 x 1, x 0
2 x 1, x 0

f ( x)

Calculus 1
6. Starting on noon, the plain flies 2400 miles from New York to San Francisco with an average speed
of 400 miles/hour. The plain B starts the same trip in 14:00 with the speed of 800 miles/hour. Define a
function of the distance between the two planes A and B in each moment between 12:00 and 17:00
given the time passed from noon.
The plain A flies 2400:400=6 hours and B flies 2400:800=3 hours. A will be in San Francisco in 18:00,
while B in 17:00.
Let t is the time passed from noon. If t is between 0 and 2, the distance between A and B is the distance
fly by A: 400t. If t is between 2 and 5 the distance is the absolute value of the difference of the distance
fly by A and B : |400t-800(t-2)|. So,

t 0,2
440t ,
f (t )
400 4 t , t 2,5

7. Explain why f has one or more holes in its graph and find the values for x for which these holes
appear. Find a function g whose graph is the same as the graph of f, but is without holes.

f ( x)

( x 2)( x 2 1)
( x 2)( x 1)

) f ( x)

a) f(x) is not defined for x = -2 and x = 1

x x
x

( x 2)( x 1)( x 1)
x 1 . As a result g ( x) x 1 .
( x 2)( x 1)

) f(x) is not defined for x = 0

So, for x 0 :

x x
x xx x

1 x . As a result: g ( x) 1 x .
x
x
x