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Contents
- Introduction.mbgnnm
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-Types of level measurements.
- Types of level Sensor .
- Conclusion .
- References.
Introduction
The process tanks are widely used for many purposes such
as mixing processes and Interim storage of working fluid, as
well as treatment and avoiding instability errors of flowing
fluid.
so
The controlling of the tank level is an important function in
these applications.
Firstly that we need an equipment to represent the liquid level in
the control system These equipment are called sensor
level sensor
It is a sensor used to convert the level of fluid in tank or
reservoir to electrical signal (analogue signal or digital signal)
Lm :maximum head.
In this cause the level sensor is supplied with seal fluid that its
level is proportional to the level of the liquid .
P.liq = Lm * S.G(liquid)
P.seal = Lm * S.G(seal)
Where
Lm: max liquid level. L.seal : max seal level.
- Float operated level sensor type:There are two types of float level sensor
1)- float switch level sensor ( digital work principle low or full )
This kind is used for alarming applications which gives two
signals, signal that indicates low level ( switch is off ) when level
is falling and signal indicates high level ( switch is on )when level
is rising by assuming that the switch is normally op
R= K*L
Where :
R - resistance.
L- length of displacement.
K - calibration constant.
Advantages :
Disadvantages :The sensor must be has length of a tank (the sensor and the tank
are the same in length ), so its used in small tanks.
C=KA /D
Where :
C- capacitance .
A-area of plat and the wall of tank.
-permittivity of air
K-dielectric constant
A-area of plats
Advantages :-Has high accuracy range.
-Can be used in fluids of high viscosity
D= 0.5*V * t
Where;
D=distance of the level
V=velocity of sound 331.5 m/s
Advantages :-Ultrasonic level sensors do not make any contact with the process
fluid under level detection.
- They consist of fixed components only hence require less maintenance
-They are usually mounted at the top of the vessel due to which they are
less likely to offer leakage problems as compared to entirely (wetted) kind.
Disadvantages :-Ultra sonic sensors can not be used with materials like powders and
Foam.
-Also can not be used in cause of heavy vapors and unstable liquid
Surfaces
-The roof must be covered by insulated material to avoid the echo signal
form repeating itself many times .
D=c*N/2*f
Where
C=3 10^8 (light speed) ,
repeats
N=number of
P=F/A
- liquid density
h-height of liquid
g-gravity
-Types of hydrostatic pressure level sensors:pressure sensor in the hydrostatic to main types
.
-internal hydrostatic pressure sensor.
-external hydrostatic pressure sensor
Classification by structure :
F=K x
Where
F - The applied force on the piston
X- the displacement of piston
K- spring constant
construction :
a)- diaphragm
b)-pressure sensor
(strain gauge and Wheatstone bridge ).
c)-amplifier
d)-V to I converter
e)- the body ( cover )
Conclusion :