Wonder admirari (verb; latin)

-to speculate, to question, to admire.

-symbol for philosophy
Eastern Philosophy more religious
Western Philosophy came first
because what they did was merely
_________
Father of Philosophy Thales
Ancient Philosophy

focused on what stuff made

up the world.
Cosmocentric

Where did everything begin?

Thales water
Anaximander apeiron
(boundless infinite substance)
Anaximenes air
Pythagoras numerical
relations
Heraclitus fire (concept of
change) You cannot step into
the same river twice. Cratylus
student, said once instead of
twice.
Parmenides arch enemy of
Heraclitus. Everything is
permanent. The 1 (close to
apeiron)

Monists 1 substance comprises the

universe.
Pluralists duh
Empedocles earth, water, fire, and
air.
Atomists believed that atoms blah
blah
Democritus and Leucippus
Anaxagoras seeds
Pre-Socratics Socrates, Platos,
Aristotle Triumvirate

Aristotle basis of Catholic faith

Medieval Times theocentric
Modern Philosophy ideocentric
(John Lock, Francis Bacon, Rene
Descartes)
Contemporary Philosophy 1800s
now. Anthropocentric focused on
humans. Phenomenological
(experience of one). Postmodern
(media, art, AI).
Branches of Philosophy

The world
The human being
The transcendental realm

Metaphysics deals w/ the study of

the nature of beings as it tries to
answer questions like What is being?
and What are the fundamental
properties of being?
Epistemology greek Episteme.
Knowledge;logos-study. What is
knowledge? How do we know and how
is knowledge possible?
Ethics study of morality of human
acts. Axioms in which man would
consider moral activity.
Aesthetics study of art, value
judgments about art and beauty in
general.
Social Philosophy/Political
Psychology study of persons and
society (govt, social orgs)

Eastern Philosophy
o Filipino
o Japanese
o Chinese
o Indian
o Etc.

Current Traditions:

Analytic Philosophy logic,

testability, precision, clarity.
Close to linguistic analysis.
Existentialism fundamental
questions of meaning and
choices as they affect
individuals.
Phenomenology going back
to the things themselves
Feminist Philosophy

The Greek Philosophers

The Original Dead White Males
Socrates, Plato, Aristotle)
Socrates

How does one live a moral life?

o know thy self.
o an unexamined life is
not worth living.
Was accused of deceiving the
youth because of his method of
teaching.

Sophistry philosophizing through

illogical and rhetoric arguments.
Playing with words.

The Apology of Socrates

Platos Allegory of the Cave

Socratic Method

The student already knows.

Assumes that the teacher does
now know anything.
Anamnesis teachers are just
there to help students
remember what they already
know.

Plato

Teachers must be midwives of

knowledge
2 worlds
o World of ideas
o World of senses

Can be related to so many

things in our everyday life.
The Matrix is related to this.

Agora Movie
Hypatia of Alexandria (Roman City
in Egypt)

Socratic Problem did Socrates

really exist? He did not write anything.

Apology before was to defend,

but not to say sorry.
He began with I do not know.
Socrates was the first martyr of
education

Rich woman. Daughter of Theon

(mathematician)
Born in an era where Christians
and pagans were struggling
with power distribution.
One of the first female
philosophers.
Neo-platonic philosopher
Follower of Plato and Plotinus
(follower of Plato).
o Plotinus everything
enumerates from what
we call the one. The
farther we are from the
one, the less perfect we
are.
370AD
Taught neoplatonian w/ a
greater scientific emphasis
Charismatic teacher
Symbolized learning and
science which the early
Christians identified with
paganism
Focal point of riots between
Christians and non-Christians.
Egalitarian teaching (took in
anyone)

Reserve your right to think; for

even to think wrongly is better
than not to think at all.
To rule by fettering the wind
through fear of punishment in
another world is just as bad as
to use force.
All formal dogmatic religions
are delusive and must never be
accepted by self-respecting
persons as final.
Men will fight for superstition
as quickly as for the living truth
even more so, since
superstition is intangible, you
cant get it at to refute it, but
truth as a point of view, and is
changeable.
Murdered in March 415 AD
Dragged, skinned, and burnt to
death.
After her death, Alexandria
ceased to be the center of
philosophy.

Parabalani

Soldiers of Christ
In the beginning, they were
charitable. However, they
became a cult and attacked
anyone who was not Christian.

Pagan anyone who is not a

Christian, Jew, or Muslim.
CE Common Era
Neoplatonism Platinus

There is an ultimate reality

which is beyond the reach of
thought or language.
The object of life was to aim at
this ultimate reality which could
never be precisely described.
progressive philosophy.
Trying to get near to the one.
the eye buried within.

GOD EXISTS
DOES GOD EXIST?
Ontological Argument
a. St. Anselm
b. God is perfect
c. One of the attributes of
perfection is existence
d. Ergo, God exists.

Cosmological Proofs
a. St. Thomas of Aquinas
b. The 5 Ways:
1. Uncaused Cause
2. Unmoved Mover
3. Intelligent Design
4. God is the highest good
5. Necessity
Teleological Argument
o William Paley
o telos reason/purpose
o The reason why the
universe is here is because
God left it here.
The Moral Argument
o Immanuel Kant
o Whats the use of being
moral now if there is no
afterlife?
Existential Stand
o Soven Kierkegaard
o Stop proving that God
exists. Take the leap of faith
and just BELIEVE!

GOD DOES NOT EXIST

Rebuttal
a. Rene Descartes
b. If it is perfect, does that
mean it needs to exist? Just
like a perfect triangle. It
may be perfect, but does it
exist?

Baruch Spinoza
o Pantheist God = Nature &
Nature = God (Deus sine
Natura)
o Against the uncaused cause
and the unmoved mover.
David Hume
o There is no way to prove
that God left us here.
Feuerbach
o We created the idea of God