Maiah Beatrice R.

Dinglasan
Respiratory
Nose and Nasal
Cavity

Mouth

Pharynx

Larynx

Trachea

Bronchi &
Bronchioles
Lungs

Digestive
Mouth

Pharynx
Esophagus

2E-PH

Definition
external opening for the respiratory system
Nose - a structure of the face made of cartilage,
bone, muscle, and skin that supports and
protects the anterior portion of the nasal cavity
Nasal cavity - a hollow space within the nose
and skull that is lined with hairs and mucus
membrane
oral cavity; secondary external opening for
the respiratory tract

Function
warm, moisturize, and filter
air entering the body before
it reaches the lungs.

Remarks
Hairs and mucus lining the nasal
cavity help to trap dust, mold,
pollen and other environmental
contaminants before they can reach
the inner portions of the body.

can be used to supplement

or replace the nasal cavitys
functions when needed

throat; a muscular funnel that extends from

the posterior end of the nasal cavity to the
superior end of the esophagus and larynx. The
pharynx is divided into 3 regions:
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx
voice box; a short section of the airway that
connects the laryngopharynx and the trachea.
The larynx is located in the anterior portion of
the neck.
windpipe; a 5-inch long tube made of Cshaped hyaline cartilage rings lined with
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
It connects the larynx to the bronchi.
The bronchi branch from the trachea into each
lung and create the network of intricate
passages that supply the lungs with air.
A pair of large, spongy organs found in the
thorax lateral to the heart and superior to the
diaphragm

Both food and air pass

through the pharynx before
reaching their appropriate
destinations.

The mouth does not warm and

moisturize the air entering the
lungs. It also lacks the hairs and
sticky mucus that filter air passing
through the nasal cavity.
Because the pharynx is also used to
swallow food, the epiglottis
ensures that air passes into the
trachea by covering the opening to
the esophagus.
Thyroid cartilage largest,
Adams apple
Epiglottis - serves as the cover of
the larynx during swallowing
Carina inferior end

Definition
the beginning of the digestive tract

Function
Chewing breaks the food
into pieces that are more
easily digested, while saliva
mixes with food to begin the
process of breaking it down
into a form your body can
absorb and use.
(see respiratory)
By means of peristalsis, the
esophagus delivers food to
the stomach.
holds food while it is being
mixed with enzymes that
continue the process of
breaking down food into a
usable form
breaks down food using
enzymes released by the
pancreas and bile from the
liver; major absorptive
organ
Liver - produces bile;
secretes nutrients into the
small intestine
Gall bladder - stores and

a muscular tube extending from the pharynx to

the stomach

Stomach

a muscular sac that is located on the left side of

the abdominal cavity

Small intestine

a long, thin tube about 1 inch in diameter and

about 10 feet long that is part of the lower
gastrointestinal tract

Liver and Gall

Bladder

Liver - located to the right of the stomach;

weighs about 3 lbs.
Gall bladder - a small, pear-shaped organ
located just posterior to the liver

Contains vocal folds - allow

the body to produce the
sounds of speech and
singing
provides a clear airway for
air to enter and exit the
lungs; traps dust and
contaminants
carry air from the trachea
into the lungs
Primary organs of
respiration

Secondary bronchi lobar

Tertiary bronchi - segmented
Alveoli - tiny sacs within our lungs
that allow oxygen and carbon
dioxide to move between the lungs
and bloodstream
Remarks
Accessory organs:
Teeth
Tongue
Salivary Glands

contains hydrochloric acid and

digestive enzymes that continue
the digestion of food
Made up of three segments the
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Pancreas

located just inferior and posterior to the

stomach

Large Intestine

a 6-foot long muscular tube that connects the

small intestine to the rectum; made up of the
cecum, the ascending (right) colon, the
transverse (across) colon, the descending (left)
colon, and the sigmoid colon, which connects
to the rectum.
Definition
a pair of bean-shaped organs found along the
posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. The left
kidney is located slightly higher than the right
kidney

Excretory
Kidneys

Ureters

Muscular ducts/tubes

Urinary bladder

It is a hollow muscular, and elastic organ, and

sits on the pelvic floor.
Tube

Urethra

Reproductive System
Female
Ovaries - produce female sex hormones such as estrogen and
progesterone as well as the female gametes.
Fallopian Tubes - The inside of each fallopian tube is
covered in cilia that work with the smooth muscle of the tube
to carry the ovum to the uterus.
Uterus - also known as the womb, as it surrounds and
supports the developing fetus during pregnancy.
Vagina - functions as the receptacle for the penis during
sexual intercourse and carries sperm to the uterus and
fallopian tubes. It also serves as the birth canal by stretching to
allow delivery of the fetus during childbirth.
Vulva external genitalia
Male
Scrotum - The scrotum is made up of 2 side-by-side pouches
with a testis located in each pouch. When the testes become
too warm to support spermatogenesis, the scrotum relaxes to
move the testes away from the bodys heat.
Testes - The 2 testes, also known as testicles, are the male
gonads responsible for the production of sperm and
testosterone.
Epididymis - a sperm storage area that wraps around the
superior and posterior edge of the testes. Sperm produced in
the testes moves into the epididymis to mature before being
passed on through the male reproductive organs.
Ductus Deferens - also known as the vas deferens, is a
muscular tube that carries sperm superiorly from the
epididymis into the abdominal cavity to the ejaculatory duct.

concentrates bile
secretes digestive enzymes
into the small intestine to
complete the chemical
digestion of foods.
absorbs water and contains
bacteria that aid in the
breaking down of wastes.
Feces in the large intestine
exit the body through the
anal canal.
Function
The kidneys control the
amount of liquid in our
bodies. Wastes are called
urine and include urea,
water and inorganic salts.
carry urine from the kidneys
to the urinary bladder
collects urine excreted by
the kidneys prior to disposal
carries urine from the
bladder to the outside of the
body

The appendix is a small tube

attached to the cecum.
Fecal formation

Remarks
Within each kidney are nephrons.
Filtering of the blood takes place
within these areas.
Bowmans capsule contains
glomerulus (cluster of capillaries)

Seminal Vesicles - a pair of lumpy exocrine glands that store

and produce some of the liquid portion of semen. The liquid
produced by the seminal vesicles contains proteins and mucus
and has an alkaline pH to help sperm survive in the acidic
environment of the vagina. The liquid also contains fructose to
feed sperm cells so that they survive long enough to fertilize
the oocyte.
Ejaculatory Duct - contains the ducts from the seminal
vesicles as well. During ejaculation, the ejaculatory duct opens
and expels sperm and the secretions from the seminal vesicles
into the urethra.
Urethra - Semen passes from the ejaculatory duct to the
exterior of the body via the urethra.
Prostate - The prostate produces a large portion of the fluid
that makes up semen. This fluid is milky white in color and
contains enzymes, proteins, and other chemicals to support
and protect sperm during ejaculation.
Penis the male external sexual genitalia
Semen - the fluid produced by males for sexual reproduction
and is ejaculated out of the body during sexual intercourse.
Semen contains sperm, the male reproductive gametes, along
with a number of chemicals suspended in a liquid medium.