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The passive is formed with the appropriate tense of the verb to be + past participle.
Active Voice
Passive Voice
Present Simple
He delivers letters
Letters are delivered
Past Simple
He delivered the letters
The letters were delivered
Present Perfect
He has delivered the letters The letters have been delivered
Future Simple
He will deliver the letters
The letters will be delivered
Be Going to Future
He is going to deliver the lett The letters are going to be delivered
Past perfect
He had delivered the letters The letters had been delivered
Present Continuous He is delivering the letters
The letters are being delivered
Past Continuous
He was delivering the letters The letters were being delivered
Future Continuous
He will be delivering the lett The letters will be being delivered
Pres. Perf.Continuous He has been delivering the let The letters have been being delivered
Infinitive
He has to deliver the letters The letters have to be delivered
Modals
He may deliver the letters
The letters may be delivered
( Modal+be+past.part.) He must deliver the letters
The letters must be delivered
The Passive is used:
1. when the agent ( = the person who does the action) is unknown, unimportant / obvious
from the context.
Jane was shot. ( We dont know who shot her. )
This church was built in 1815. ( unimportant agent )
He has been arrested. ( obviously by the police )
3. when the action is more important than the agent, as in processes, instructions,
events, reports, headlines, news items, and advertisement so make more polite /
formal statements.
30 people were killed in the earthquake.
Much of London was destroyed ( destroy ) by fire in the 17th century. ( Past Simple )
The man who had been bitten ( bite ) by a snake was given a serum. ( Past Perfect )
A leader should be a man who can be respected ( respect ). ( Infinitive )
Many slums are being demolished ( demolish ) to make way for new buildings. ( Pr. Con.)
The police have been instructed ( instruct ) to take firm action against hooligans. ( Pr.
Perf. )
6- He was saved ( save ) bankruptcy by the kindness of a friend. ( Past Simple )
7- A great deal of research has been done ( do ) into the possible causes of cancer. ( Pr. Per.)
8- The worker claimed that he was being victimized ( victimize ) by his employers. ( Past
Cont. )
9- The tenant was evicted ( evict ) for not paying his rent. ( Past Simple )
10- Because of a strike, work on the building had to be discontinued ( discontinue ). ( Inf. )
11- The witness strongly objected to being cross-examined ( cross-examine). ( Gerund )
12- Im not accustomed to being treated ( treat ) in that way. ( Gerund )
13- Customers are asked ( ask ) to ensure that they have been given ( give ) the correct
change before leaving the shop, as mistakes cannot afterwards be rectified ( rectify ) .
( Present Simple, Present Perfect, Infinitive )
14- Was he very upset at not being offered ( not, offer ) the job? ( Gerund )
C) Put the Passive sentences into Active Voice
24- She has been accused of stealing the bracelet by her neighbour.
Her neighbour has accused her of stealing the bracelet.
25- Some old carpets were being sold when we were there.
They were selling some old carpets when we were there.
26- Where was your summer holiday spent?
Where did you spend your summer holiday?
27- What will be eaten for lunch by you?
What will you eat for lunch?
D) Answer the following questions using the words in brackets in the Passive Voice
1- Which cup did they use? ( black )
Black cup was used .
2- What do you expect me to do? ( do your best )
You were expected to do your best.
3- Who will bring the cake? ( Ali )
The cake will be brought by Ali.
4- Have they used my fountain-pen? ( No, never )
No, your fountain-pen has never been used.
5- Who has broken the windows? ( children )
The windows have been broken by the children.
6- What did people see last night? ( the milky way )
The milky way was seen last night.
7- Why are they taking him to hospital? ( to have an x-ray taken )
He is being taken to hospital to have an x-ray taken.
8- Have they told her the result? ( already )
She has already been told the result. / The result has already been told her.
9- Is somebody going to teach the kids how to behave? ( Sure )
The kids are gonna be taught how to behave for sure.
10- When do they show you all the photographs? ( on Monday )
I was shown all the photographs on Monday. / All the photographs were shown/showed
me/us on Monday.
11- Who is watching the terrorists? ( police )
The terrorists are being watched by the police.
12- Has the police ever stopped you? ( Yes, several times )
Yes, I have been stopped by the police several times.
13- Why did you light a fire? ( to keep the guests warm )
The fire was lit to keep the guests warm.
14- What language do people speak in Egypt? ( Arabic )
Arabic is spoken in Egypt.
15- What was Mrs. Carter planting in her garden when you arrived? ( some vegetables )
Some vegetables were being planted in Mrs. Carters garden when I / we arrived.
16- Has a dog ever bitten you? ( No, never )
No, I have never been bitten by a dog.
17- How many books have you read as Turkish homework? ( five )
5 books have been read as Turkish homework.
E) Complete these sentences choosing the most suitable verb in the Passive Voice
arrest ; wake ; knock ; check ; translate ; find ; drive ; make ; spend ; hear ; carry
1- The music at the party was very loud & (could be ) heard from far away.
2- A decision will not be made until the next meeting.
3- That building is dangerous. It must be knocked down before it falls down.
4- I told the hotel receptionist that I wanted to be woken / waked up at 6:30.
5- Her new book will probably be translated into a number of foreign languages.
6- When you go through the customs, your luggage can be checked by a customs officer.
7- Police are looking for the missing boy. He cant be found anywhere.
8- Do you think that less money must be spent on arms?
9- The injured man couldnt walk & had to be carried.
10- I dont mind driving but I prefer to be driven by other people.
11- Dont kick a policeman, youll be arrested .
F) Complete the sentences with the verbs ( active/ passive ) in parentheses. Use any
appropriate tense.
1- At the soccer game yesterday, the winning goal was kicked ( kick ) by Luigi. Over 100,000
people attended ( attend ) the soccer game.
2- The bombing of the embassy was reported ( report ) on TV last night. Fortunately, no
one killed ( kill ) in the explosion, but several people were injured ( injure ).
3- Horses originated in North America. They were crossed ( cross ) a land bridge into Asia.
That land bridge doesnt exist ( exist, not ) any more. Before the Indians arrived ( arrive )
in North America, horses became ( become ) extinct there, but they survived ( survive )
in Asia. The horses were wild. They were domesticated ( domesticate ) by central Asian
nomads.
At first, horses were used ( use ) in hunting & war. Oxen were used ( use ) for farming.
Horses were reintroduced ( reintroduce ) into America by Europeans after the New World
was discovered ( discover ) .
G) Put the verbs in Passive in the correct tense
Coca-Cola is / has been enjoyed ( enjoy ) all over the world. 1.6 billion gallons are sold (
sell ) every year, in over one hundred & 60 countries. The drink was invented ( invent ) by
Dr. John Pemberton in Atlanta, on 8 May 1886, but it was given ( give ) the name Coca-Cola
by his partner, Frank Robinson. In the first year, only nine drinks a day were sold
( sell ).
The business was bought ( buy ) by a man called Asa Candler in 1888, and the first
factory was opened ( open ) in Dallas, Texas in 1895. Coca-Cola is still ( being ) made/ has
still been made ( make ) there. Billions of bottles & cans have been produced ( produce )
since 1895.
Diet Coke has been made ( make ) since 1982, & over the years many clever
advertisements have been used to sell ( used to sell ) the product. It is certain that CocaCola will be drunk ( drink ) far into the 21st century.
H) Rewrite the newspaper headlines as complete sentences
This picture was painted by my uncle. He has been offered a lot of money for it. The
painting will be delivered tomorrow. When he is given the money, they will be told the truth.
It was painted one night while he was sleepwalking.
My uncle painted this picture. Someone has offered him a lot of money for it. He will
deliver the painting tomorrow. When they give him the money, he will tell them the truth.
He painted it one night while he was sleepwalking.
A contest is being organised by our school. The best project about the environment will be
chosen by the teachers. Pictures & drawings must be included in the students projects. All
the writing will also have to be done by the students themselves. The winner will be given a
set of encyclopaedias by the school.
Our school is organising a contest. The teachers will choose the best project about the
environment. The students must include pictures & drawings in their projects. The students
will also have to do all the writing themselves. The school will give the winner a set of
encyclopaedias.