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Problemset2
1. A high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor has a tubular thorium fuel rod, a concentric graphite
8
3
sheath and He coolant, as shown. For uniform generation rate of q 10 W/m , find T1, T2 & the
temperature distributions in
thorium and graphite under
Steady-state operation.
Assume: One-D conduction,
Constant properties, negligible
contact resistance, negligible
radiation, and adiabatic surface
at r1. Thorium Tmp=2000K &
for graphite Tmp=2300K.
Obviously, T1 & T2 should not
exceed these numbers. [lecture
prob. assigned for HW]
2. Heat is generated at a rate Q v in
a long solid nuclear rod of radius R. The rod is immersed in a liquid at temperature Te. The heat
transfer from the cylinder surface to the liquid can be characterized by a heat transfer coefficient.
Obtain the steady-state temperature distribution for the following cases:
(i ) Q v constant ; (ii ) Q v Q v0 1 r R 2 ; (iii ) Q v a b T Te .
3. Some cooling fins lose heat predominantly by radiation. Show that the solution for temperature
distribution along a long pin fin can be given as an integral that can be numerically evaluated. Also
find the heat loss from a pin fin of 1 cm diameter, 10 cm long, when the base temperature is 1000K
and the surroundings may be considered black at 300K. The thermal conductivity of the fin material
is 10 W/mK. Assume a constant view factor F = 0.8 along the fin. [2.72, Mills]
4. A copper-constantan thermocouple is constructed from a 24
gage (0.51mm diameter) wire and protrudes into a steam
chamber. The steam is at 320K, and the chamber is at 300K.
The wires are bare and well separated. If the length of
protrusion is 5 cm, calculate the error due to conduction along
the wires for a heat transfer coefficient of 100 W/m2K.
copper
steam
constantan
6. For heat transfer in one-dimensional (radial) cylindrical coordinate system under steady-state
conditions with uniform volumetric heat generation.
a) Derive finite difference equations for an interior node m, and
T (r , t )
kij T, j (r , t ) , i
C p
Rate of increase in
Energy storage = E st
g r , t
10. A 50 mm hot aluminum sphere, which is initially at 800 K, is removed rapidly from a furnace and
introduced into a large room where the temperature of both the walls and the air are 300 K. The
material properties of the sphere are: = 2702 kg/m3, cp = 1033 J/kg-K, k = 231 W/m-K, and the
surface emissivity = 0.75. Determine the temperature history of the sphere as it cools considering
both radiation and convection. Plot T(t) and compare it with pure convection. [Use available
software such as Mathematica, Matlab, etc.]