CENTRIFUGAL CASTING FOR UNPRESSURIZED FABRICATION OF

LOTUS-TYPE POROUS COPPER

Abstract
Conventional methods to fabricate lotus-type porous metals utilize pressurized hydrogen
to control porosity and pore size. Here we present an alternative technique utilizing
centrifugal casting under hydrogen pressures similar to atmospheric, where the porosity
and pore size are controlled by the rotational velocity. In verification experiments,
molten copper was poured into a mould at rotational velocities of 2001000 rpm under a
hydrogen gas pressure of 0.1 MPa. The results confirmed that porosity and average pore
diameter can be controlled by varying the rotational velocity without the need for
pressurized gas. It is concluded that the centrifugal casting technique is a promising
method for safe and economical manufacture of lotus-type porous metals.

Highlights
The lotus-type porous copper can be successfully fabricated by centrifugal casting.
Porosity and pore size can be controlled by the rotational velocity.
Porosity and pore size can be controlled without hydrogen pressurization.

Keywords

Porous material;

Directional solidification;

Copper;

Hydrogen;

Centrifugal casting

Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Referencia: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167577X12003072

SIMULATION STUDY ON THE CENTRIFUGAL

CYLINDER LINER BASED ON PROCAST

CASTING

WET-TYPE

Abstract
The casting defects that appear the inside surface of a wet-type cylinder liner (WTCL),
such as macrosegregation and shrinkage holes, are important factors that affect the
quality of the WTCL produced by centrifugal casting. To reduce these defects, a model
of centrifugal casting WTCL based on the ProCAST software was constructed in this
study, and the simulated result was used to optimize the casting process. The
temperature field of the casting WTCL was simulated based on actual solidification, and
the solidification process and casting defect were analyzed. Results show that the
simulated temperature field is in accordance with the actual process and the casting
defects appear in the final solidification zone and inside the sub-surface near the thickwall side. These defects were later revealed on the surface after machining. The factors
that affect the temperature field and the solidification process, such as the cooling-down
method, mold structure, coating material, and coating structure, were also analyzed.
Based on these analyses, an improved method was proposed.

Highlights

The model for a horizontal centrifugal casting is established used ProCAST.

The effects of technological parameters on defect area were investigated.
The difference in coating thickness has a significant influence on the temperature
filed.
An optimized schedule was designed to guide the improvement of the actual
process.

Keywords:

Wet-type cylinder liner;

Centrifugal casting;

Temperature field;

ProCAST software

Copyright 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Referencia:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359431114006498

MODEL EXPERIMENT OF MOLD

CENTRIFUGAL CASTING

FILLING PROCESS IN VERTICAL

Abstract
By using centrifugal governor, high-speed camera, and liquid as well as acryl glass
molds to simulate the filling process of Titanium alloy melts. Results show that the
liquid sticks to one side of the runner wall (or cavity wall) to fill and the side is opposite
to the rotational direction. The whole filling process is divided into two sections, one is
forward filling and the other is back filling. Experimental results show that bottom
filling is better than top filling in that the former can realize stable filling, avoiding
liquid crash in the cavity. The free surface of liquid is cambered like in the cavity and the
runner, whose center is the rotational center.

Keywords

Ce
ntrifugal casting;

Fil
ling ability;

H
ydraulic simulation;

B
ottom filling

Copyright 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Referencia: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924013606003165

ADVANTAGES OF THE CENTRIFUGAL CASTING TECHNIQUE FOR THE

PRODUCTION OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS WITH ALSI ALLOYS

Abstract
This work discusses the mechanical properties advantages of using the vertical
centrifugal casting technique for the production of structural components when
compared to traditional gravity casting. An analysis of the most important features that
occur in mechanical properties due to the centrifugal force is made. A comparison of
mechanical properties of specimens obtained by both centrifugal casting technique and
gravity casting technique is made.
It is observed that the centrifugal force may increase rupture strength in 35%, and
rupture strain in about 160% over the gravity casting technique. The Young modulus
also increases in about 18%. The fatigue life experiences an increase of about 1.500%
and the fatigue limit increases in about 45%. The centrifugal casting process is,
therefore, much more effective in terms of obtained mechanical and fatigue properties as
compared to gravity casting.
The previous effects vary within the casting, according to the relative position from
where the specimen is taken from the casting. The higher the distance in relation to the
rotation centre (higher centrifugal force or higher G) the bigger the increase in
mechanical properties. Thus, a functional graded material, with properties changing
along one axis is obtained. This effect may be useful for the production of components
where different specifications are needed in different parts of the component.
An example of a potential application is an engine piston. In this paper it will also be
shown how this technique would be very advantageous for the production of these
structural components.

Keywords

Centrifugal casting;
AlSi alloy;
Mechanical;

Fatigue properties

Copyright 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Referencia : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261306906003979

MICROSTRUCTURE OF TWO CENTRIFUGAL CAST HIGH SPEED STEELS

FOR HOT STRIP MILLS APPLICATIONS

Abstract
High speed steels (HSS) present excellent hardness, wear resistance and hightemperature properties. These mechanical properties are due to the presence of a great
amount of hard carbides in the martensitic matrix. In the last 10 years, Japanese
rollmakers have developed HSS grades and introduced them into hot strip mills.
The Marichal Ketin society (Lige, Belgium) has developed two grades of HSS: Kosmos
and Aurora. Both grades present interesting properties but Aurora shows overall better
performance than Kosmos, mainly because of a better distribution of harder (MC and
M2C) carbides in the martensitic matrix. Moreover, the hardness of the Aurora grade
stays constant in depth and can be strongly improved by heat treatment, due to
secondary hardening.
The purpose of this work is to describe the microstructure and the mechanical properties
of the Kosmos and Aurora grades by various techniques such as optical microscopy,
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and macrohardness measurements.

Highlights
The structure of two HSS grades (Kosmos and Aurora) was characterized.
The effects of heat treatments on the structure were studied.
The Aurora grade presents secondary hardening due to the presence of very fine M 2C
carbide.
The hardness of the Aurora grade is not influenced by depth in the part.
The intrinsic hardness of MC carbides was measured by nanoindentation.

Keywords
A. Ferrous metals and alloys;
C. Casting;
G. Metallography

Copyright 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Referencia: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026130691100519X

FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION

PREPARED BY CENTRIFUGAL CASTING

OF

BSCCO-2212

TUBE

Abstract
We fabricated a BSCCO-2212 (2212) tube by the centrifugal casting process for the
application in a fault current limiter and evaluated the effect of the processing variables
on its microstructure and superconducting properties. Specifically, the effects of the
preheating temperatures of the mold and the rotating ingot in the mold on the
microstructure, texture, and critical current (Ic) were characterized.
We observed that the formability of the tube was dependent on the mold temperature and
the optimum temperature was found to be 500600 C. When the ingot was annealed at
800 C for 120 h, the Ic was measured to be 378450 A at 77 K. To improve the Ic value
still further, we modified the centrifugal casting method such that the ingot was rotated
in the mold at 870880 C, followed by annealing. The Ic of the tube was increased to
678820 A and this improvement was probably due to its larger grain size and more
preferred orientation based on the pole-figure and SEM analyses.

Keywords

BSCCO-2212;
Centrifugal casting;
Critical current;
Microstructure;
Texture

Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Referencia: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921453407009938