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This document provides guidelines for heating and ventilation systems in healthcare premises. It discusses various aspects of supply and extract fan drive arrangements, including that for centrifugal fans, a diffuser screen should be fitted downstream of the discharge. For supply fans using belt drives, the drive should be external to the air stream for safety and maintenance advantages. Direct-coupled fans and motors may be inside the air stream if the motor is protected from overheating. Control systems for fans in healthcare are generally single or two-speed, with backup motors available if needed.
This document provides guidelines for heating and ventilation systems in healthcare premises. It discusses various aspects of supply and extract fan drive arrangements, including that for centrifugal fans, a diffuser screen should be fitted downstream of the discharge. For supply fans using belt drives, the drive should be external to the air stream for safety and maintenance advantages. Direct-coupled fans and motors may be inside the air stream if the motor is protected from overheating. Control systems for fans in healthcare are generally single or two-speed, with backup motors available if needed.
This document provides guidelines for heating and ventilation systems in healthcare premises. It discusses various aspects of supply and extract fan drive arrangements, including that for centrifugal fans, a diffuser screen should be fitted downstream of the discharge. For supply fans using belt drives, the drive should be external to the air stream for safety and maintenance advantages. Direct-coupled fans and motors may be inside the air stream if the motor is protected from overheating. Control systems for fans in healthcare are generally single or two-speed, with backup motors available if needed.
Heating and ventilation systems HTM 03-01: Specialised ventilation for healthcare premises Part A
4.52 For centrifugal fans, a diffuser screen/blast plate
should be fitted immediately downstream of their
discharge. Supply fan drive arrangements 4.53 Where the fan drive is via a motor-driven belt and
pulley, it should be external to the air stream. This
arrangement has the following advantages: B UIFGJSFSJTLJTSFEVDFE b. the drive is visible, so it is simple to check that UIFCFMUJTTUJMMUIFSF c. particles shed from the drive belt are outside of UIFBJSTUSFBN E JGUIFCFMUTMJQT
UIFiCVSOJOHSVCCFSTNFMMwJT not transmitted down into occupied areas of the QSFNJTFT e. noise generated by the motor and drive will not CFUSBOTNJUUFEBMPOHUIFEVDUXPSL G XBTUFIFBUJTFYDMVEFEGSPNUIFTZTUFN g. the drive may be through a V-belt or toothed belt and pulley. The latter has the advantage of eliminating belt squeal on start-up and has a longer service life. It is particularly suitable where the fans drive motor is fitted with a soft start. 4.54 The drive train should be easily visible without the
need to remove access covers. Protecting the drive
train with a mesh guard is the preferred option. For weatherproof units designed to be located outside, the fan drive will be external to the duct, but enclosed. It should be easily visible through a viewing port with internal illumination and be accessible via a lockable hinged door. 4.55 For direct-coupled fan and motor units, the motor
may be within the air stream, provided the motor
windings are protected from over-temperature by a thermister and lockout relay. 4.56 'PSJOEVDUJPOESJWFiQMVHwNPUPSBSSBOHFNFOUT
(where the motor is fitted within the fan and is
integral to it) and in-line axial fans with a pod motor, the fan/motor combination may be within the air stream, provided the motor windings are protected from over-temperature by a thermister and lockout relay.
22
Extract fan drive arrangements
4.57 Where the fan drive is via a motor-driven belt-and-
pulley arrangement, it should be located external to
the air stream. 4.58 The fan drive and motor may be located inside
the duct within the air stream, provided the motor
windings are protected from over-temperature by a thermister and lockout. The drive train should be easily visible through a viewing port, have internal illumination, and be accessible via a lockable hinged door. 4.59 Where the system air is explosive, aggressive or
has a high moisture content, the extract fan motor
must be located outside the air stream. This is generally achieved with axial fans by using a bifurcated unit. Control 4.60 Fans in healthcare applications are generally either
single- or two-speed. Where there is a requirement
for two-speed operation, this is generally via a local user control (for example in a hood-extract system to provide a boost facility) or via a time schedule for energy saving during unoccupied periods. 4.61 Normally, only a single motor is required with a
standby motor available for fitting as necessary,
or fitted, but not belted. Twin, run and standby motors with the standby being jockeyed around are not required. 4.62 Where there is a specified requirement for standby
fans, the system should incorporate an automatic
changeover facility activated via an air-flow sensor. Fault indication should be provided. 4.63 In terms of start-up and operation, fans are
increasingly becoming computer-controlled.
Inverter-drive, variable-speed and soft-start systems are becoming a standard approach. Most healthcare applications require known amounts of air to be delivered while the system is in use. Constantvolume systems that deliver specified air-change rates are therefore the norm. Duct- or roompressure-controlled, variable-speed systems have a very limited application in healthcare. 4.64 It is necessary to ensure that should the computer
control system or its software develop a fault the
fan can be switched to a direct-start, fixed-speed manual operation. This is particularly important for critical care systems serving operating suites, high-dependency care units of any type, isolation