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ARCHES - 2
By:
Dr. N Suresh,
NIE, Mysore
B
a
Wab
L
+
Shape same
as arch
BEAM B.M.
Hh
Wab
L
H Moment diagram
Hh
A
VERTICAL
VA
M
90 -
HA
HA
NORMAL
HORIZONT
AL
Normal
Radial
RADIAL
VA
Total force acting along the normal is called normal thrust and total force acting
along the radial direction is called radial shear. For the case shown in fig normal thrust
= + HA Cos + VA Cos (90 - )
= HA Cos + VA Sin
(Treat the force as +ve if it is acting towards the arch and -ve if it is away from the arch).
Radial shear = + HA Sin -VA Sin (90 - )
= HA Sin + VA Cos
(Treat force up the radial direction +ve and down the radial direction as -ve).
Note: 1) To determine normal trust and tangential shear at any point cut the arch into 2
parts. Consider any 1 part. Determine net horizontal and vertical force on to
the section. Using these forces calculate normal thrust and tangential shear.
2. Parabolic arch: If the shape of the arch is parabolic then it is called parabolic
arch.
Normal
C
y
h
A
Horizontal
L
2
h=C
y=h
L
L
L L
L
= C. .
2
2
2 2
4H
C= 2
L
Equation of parabola is
y=
4hx
(L x )
L2
4h
(Lx x 2 )
2
L
dy 4h
(L 2x )
tan =
=
dx L2
4h
tan = 2 (L 2x )
L
y=
1. A UDL of 4kN/m covers left half span of 3-hinged parabolic arch of span 36m and
central rise 8m. Determine the horizontal thrust also find (i) BM (ii) Shear force
(iii) Normal thrust (iv) Radial shear at the loaded quarter point. Sketch BMD.
4 kN/m
h=8m
HA
B HB
A
VA
36 m
VB
Fx = 0
HA HB =0
------ (1)
HA = HB
Fy = 0
VA + VB = 4 x 18
------ (2)
VA + VB = 72
MA = 0
VB x 36 +4 x 18 x 9 = 0
VB = 18 kN VA = 54 kN
Mc =0
+ VB x 18 H B x 8 = 0
H B = 40.5 kN
H A = 40.5 kN
VERTICAL
4 kN/m
M
66.04
= 23.96
40.5 kN
A
40.5 kN
54 kN
9m
NORMAL
HORIZONTAL
y=6
18 kN
RADIAL
BM at M =
- 40.5 x 6 + 54 x 9
- 4 x 9 x 4.5
= 81 kN.m
4hx
(L x )
L2
4x8x9
y=
(36 9)
36 2
y = 6m
y=
4h
(L 2x )
L2
4x8
(36 2 x 9)
36 2
= 230.96
0
4 kN/m
x 18 x
=
54
18
x = 54 3x
x = 13.5m
54 x 13.5 4 x 13.5 x
13.5
2
= 364.5 kNm
364.5 kNm
+
324 kNm
C
B
13.5 m
A symmetrical 3-hinged parabolic arch has a span of 20m. It carries UDL of intensity 10
kNm over the entire span and 2 point loads of 40 kN each at 2m and 5m from left
support. Compute the reactions. Also find BM, radial shear and normal thrust at a
section 4m from left end take central rise as 4m.
Fx = 0
HA HB =0
HA = HB
------ (1)
Fy = 0
VA + VB 40 40 10 x 20 = 0
VA + VB = 280
------ (2)
MA = 0
+ 40 x 2 + 40 x 5 + (10 x 20) 10 VB x 20 = 0
VB = 114 kN
VA = 166 kN
Mc =0
Structural Analysis, Dr. N Suresh, NIE, Mysore
( 10 x 10) 5 H B x 4 + 114 x 10 = 0
H B =160 kN
H A =160 kN
VERTICAL
10 kN/m 40 kN
64.35
NORMAL
= 25.64
160 kN
y = 2.56
HORIZONT
AL
86 kN
160 kN
4m
REDIAL
2m
166 kN
BM at M
= - 160 x 2.56
+ 166 x 4 40 x 2
- (10 x 4)2
= + 94.4 kNm
4hx
(L x )
L2
4x4x4
=
(20 4)
20 2
y = 2.56m
y=
tan =
=
4h
(L 2x )
L2
4x4
(20 2 x 4)
20 2
= 25 0.64
Segmental arch
4hx (L x )
is
L2
not applicable since the equation is applicable only for parabolic arches. Similarly
equation for will be different.
A segmental arch is a part of circular curve. For such arches y =
OA = OC = OB = R
OM = R
90 E
y (90-)x
x
h
Origin
L/2
L/2
R
L
R =
2
2
+ [R h ]
L2
R = + R 2 2Rh + h 2
4
2
L2
+ 2Rh = + h 2
4
2
L h
R= +
8h 2
x
R
OE
Cos =
OM
R h + y
Cos =
R
Sin =