Chemical and Mechanical Engineering 2300 / Thermodynamics I

Solution to Homework Assignment 10 (Lectures 1 - 19)

Prof. Geof Silcox
Chemical Engineering
University of Utah
Due Friday, 2015 November 13, by 23:59
To ensure that you receive full credit for your solutions, write out all equations in
symbolic form, give numerical values for all variables and constants in the equations, and
write answers to definitions or conceptual problems in complete sentences. Approximate
answers are rounded to one significant figure. Your answers need to be reported with
three.

Problem 1
A piston-cylinder device is used to reversibly and adiabatically compress 0.040 m3 of
water at 200 kPa and 200C to a pressure of 0.80 MPa. Using the water tables, determine
the work (kJ) done on the water and the final temperature (C).
Approximate answers: 400C and 10 kJ.

Solution 1
V1
P1
T1
P2

0.040
200
200
0.80

kPa
C
MPa

State 1 is superheated (Table A-6)

2654.6 kJ/kg
u1
s1
7.5081 kJ/kg K
v1
m=

1.08049 m /kg
0.0370 kg

s2 =
7.5081 kJ/kg K
State 2 is superheated (Table A-6)

V1
v1

s2 s1

T, C
350
379.9
400

u, kJ/kg s, kJ/kg K
2878.6
7.4107
2927.4
7.5081
2960.2
7.5735

T2 =
u2 =
Win =

U Qin Win

379.9 C
2927.4 kJ/kg
10.1 kJ

Qin 0

Win m u2 u1

Problem 2
An adiabatic, constant volume tank contains 2 kg of helium gas at 500 kPa and 20C. The
helium is allowed to escape through a valve until the pressure in the tank drops to 200
kPa. If the helium that remains inside the tank expands reversibly, determine the final
temperature and mass in the tank.
Approximate answers: 200 K and 1 kg.

Solution 2
m1
P1
T1
T1 =
P2
Ru
M
k=
R=

2.0
500
20
293.15
200

kg He
kPa
C
K
kPa
3

8.31 kPa m /kmol K

4.003 kg/kmol
1.667
3

2.0771 kPa m /kg K

P
T2 T1 2
P1

T2 =

203 K

V 1 = V2 =

2.44 m

V1 V2

m2 =

1.15 kg

m2

k 1
k

m1 RT1
P1

P2V2
RT2

Problem 3
Air is steadily compressed from 100 kPa and 20C to 500 kPa and 140C at a rate of 1.2
kg/min. The compressor is cooled by the surrounding air at 20C. Find the rate of
entropy change of compressed air (kW/K) during this process. You may assume constant,
room-temperature specific heats.
Approximate answer: 0.002 kW/K.

Solution 3
P1
T1
P2
T2

100 kPa
20 C
500 kPa
140 C
1.2 kg/min
293
413 K
0.020 kg/s

Ru
M
Cp =

8.31 kPa m /kmol K

29.0 kg/kmol
1.005 kJ/kg K

m
T1 =
T2 =

s =

m s2 s1

-0.117 kJ/kg K
-0.00234 kW/K

s s2 s1 C p ln

T2
P
R ln 2
T1
P1

entropy flow m s2 s1

Problem 4
Air is steadily and adiabatically compressed from P1 = 100 kPa and T1 = 300 K to P2 =
450 kPa and T2 = 500 K. The outlet temperature T2 is too high so the compressed air is
passed through a heat exchanger where it is cooled to T3 = 400 K and the pressure falls to
P3 = 400 kPa. In answering the following questions, please assume constant, roomtemperature specific heats.
a) What is the entropy change, kJ/(kg K), in going from point 1 to point 2, from point 2 to
point 3, and the overall change from point 1 to point 3? Approximate answers: s1-2 = 0.1
kJ/(kg K) and s2-3 = -0.2 kJ/(kg K).
b) What is the work needed (kJ/kg) for the compression step (point 1 to point 2)?
Approximate answer: 200 kJ/kg.

c) What would be the work needed (kJ/kg) (point 1 to point 2) for an adiabatic, reversible
compressor with P2 = 450 kPa? Approximate answer: 200 kJ/kg.

Q in 0

Win
3
1

2
Coolant in, out

Solution 4
T1
P1
T2
P2
T3
P3
R
Cp
k

300
100
500
450
400
400
0.287
1.005
1.400

K
kPa
K
kPa
K
kPa
kJ/kg K
kJ/kg K

a) Find s1-2, s2-3, s1-3, kJ/kg K.

s1-2 =
s2-3 =
s1-3 =

0.0817 kJ/kg K
-0.190 kJ/kg K
-0.109 kJ/kg K

s1 2 s2 s1 C p ln

T2
P
R ln 2
T1
P1

b) Find power input to compressor, kJ/kg.

w=

201 kJ/kg

W
w h2 h1 c p T2 T1
m

c) Find power input to an adiabatic, reversible, compressor, kJ/kg.

ws =

162 kJ/kg

k 1

k
T2 s

Ws
P

2
ws h2 s h1 c p T1
1 c p T1 1
P1

m
T
1

Problem 5
A pump in a stream power plant steadily pressurizes saturated liquid water at 15 kPa to
10000 kPa (10 MPa). The mass flow rate is 42 kg/s. Assuming that changes in kinetic and
potential energies are negligible and that the process is reversible, determine the power
input to the pump. Approximate answer: 400 kW.

Solution 5
P1

m
P2
v

15 kPa (saturated liquid)

42 kg/s
10000 kPa
3

0.00100 m /kg
2

wrev,in =

Wrev,in

10.0 kJ/kg
419 kW

wrev ,in vdP v( P2 P1 )

1

rev ,in
Wrev ,in mw