Contents

Articles
Dew point

Humidity

References
Article Sources and Contributors

11

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Dew point

Dew point
The dew point is the temperature where the water vapor in a volume of humid air at a constant barometric pressure
will condense into liquid water. Condensed water is called dew when it forms on a solid surface.
The dew point is a water-to-air saturation temperature. The dew point is associated with relative humidity. A high
relative humidity indicates that the dew point is closer to the current air temperature. Relative humidity of 100%
indicates the dew point is equal to the current temperature and that the air is maximally saturated with water. When
the dew point remains constant and temperature increases, relative humidity decreases.[1]
General aviation pilots use dew-point data to calculate the likelihood of carburetor icing and fog, and to estimate the
height of the cloud base.
At a given temperature but independent of
barometric pressure, the dew point is a
consequence of the absolute humidity, the
mass of water per unit volume of air. If both
the temperature and pressure rise, however,
the dew point will rise and the relative
humidity will lower accordingly. Reducing
the absolute humidity without changing
other variables will bring the dew point back
down to its initial value. In the same way,
increasing the absolute humidity after a
temperature drop brings the dew point back
down to its initial level. If the temperature
rises in conditions of constant pressure, then
the dew point will remain constant but the
relative humidity will drop. For this reason,
the same relative humidity on a day when
it's 80F, and on a day when it's 100F will
imply that a higher fraction of the air on the
hotter day consists of water vapor than on
the cooler day, i.e., the dew point is higher.

This graph shows the maximum percentage, by mass, of water vapor that air at
sea-level across a range of temperatures can contain. The behavior of water vapor
does not depend on the presence of other gases in air. The formation of dew would
occur at the dew point if water vapor were the only gas present.

At a given barometric pressure but

independent of temperature, the dew point indicates the mole fraction of water vapor in the air, or, put differently,
determines the specific humidity of the air. If the pressure rises without changing this mole fraction, the dew point
will rise accordingly; Reducing the mole fraction, i.e., making the air less humid, would bring the dew point back
down to its initial value. In the same way, increasing the mole fraction after a pressure drop brings the relative
humidity back up to its initial level. Considering New York (33ft elevation) and Denver (5,130ft elevation), for
example, this means that if the dew point and temperature in both cities are the same, then the mass of water vapor
per cubic meter of air will be the same, but the mole fraction of water vapor in the air will be greater in Denver.

Dew point

Relationship to human comfort

When the air temperature is high, the body's thermoregulation uses evaporation of perspiration (sweat) to cool down,
with the cooling effect directly related to how fast the perspiration evaporates. The rate at which perspiration can
evaporate depends on how much moisture is in the air and how much moisture the air can hold. If the air is already
saturated with moisture, perspiration will not evaporate. The body's cooling system will produce perspiration in an
effort to keep the body at its normal temperature even when the rate it is producing sweat exceeds the evaporation
rate. So even without generating additional body heat by exercising, one can become coated with sweat on humid
days. It is the unevaporated sweat that tends to make one feel uncomfortable in humid weather.
The air that affects comfort is not the air where the thermometer and humidity meters are located. It is the air that is
touching one's body. As that portion of air is warmed by body heat, it will rise and be replaced with other air. If air is
moved away from one's body with a natural breeze or a fan, sweat will evaporate faster, making perspiration more
effective at cooling the body. The more unevaporated perspiration, the greater the discomfort.
A wet bulb thermometer also uses evaporative cooling, so it provides a good analog for use in evaluating comfort
level.
Discomfort also exists when the dew point is low (below around 30 C (unknown operator: u'strong'F)). The
drier air can cause skin to crack and become irritated more easily. It will also dry out the respiratory paths. OSHA
recommends indoor air be maintained at 68 to 76F (20 to 24.5C) with a 20-60% relative humidity (a dew point of
24 to 60F).[2]
Lower dew points, less than 10 C (unknown operator: u'strong'F), correlate with lower ambient temperatures
and the body requires less cooling. A lower dew point can go along with a high temperature only at extremely low
relative humidity (see graph below), allowing for relative effective cooling.
Those accustomed to continental climates often begin to feel uncomfortable when the dew point reaches between 15
and 20 C (59and 68F). Most inhabitants of these areas will consider dew points above 21 C (unknown
operator: u'strong'F) oppressive.
Dew point C

Dew point F

Human perception

[1]

Rel. humidity at 32 C (unknown operator:

u'strong'F)

> Higher than 26

C

> Higher than 80

F

Severely high. Even deadly for asthma related

illnesses

65% and higher

2426 C

7580 F

Extremely uncomfortable, fairly oppressive

62%

2124 C

7074 F

Very humid, quite uncomfortable

5260%

1821 C

6569 F

Somewhat uncomfortable for most people at upper

edge

4452%

1618 C

6064 F

OK for most, but all perceive the humidity at upper 3746%

edge

1316 C

5559 F

Comfortable

3841%

1012 C

5054 F

Very comfortable

3137%

< 10 C

< 49 F

A bit dry for some

30%

Dew point

Measurement
Devices called dew point meters are used to measure dew point over a wide range of temperatures. These devices
consist of a polished metal mirror which is cooled as air is passed over it. The temperature at which dew forms is, by
definition, the dew point. Manual devices of this sort can be used to calibrate other types of humidity sensors, and
automatic sensors may be used in a control loop with a humidifier or dehumidifier to control the dew point of the air
in a building or in a smaller space for a manufacturing process.

Calculating the dew point

A well-known approximation used to calculate the dew point Td given
the relative humidity RH in percent and the actual temperature T of air
is:

where

where the temperatures are in degrees Celsius and "ln" refers to the
natural logarithm. The constants are:
a = 17.271
b = 237.7C
This expression is based on the AugustRocheMagnus approximation for the saturation vapor pressure of water in
air as a function of temperature.[3] It is considered valid for
0C < T < 60C
1% < RH < 100%
0C < Td < 50C

Simple approximation
There is also a very simple approximation that allows conversion between the dew point, the dry-bulb temperature
and the relative humidity. This approach will be accurate to within about 1C as long as the relative humidity is
above 50%.
The equation is:

or

This can be expressed as a simple rule of thumb:

For every 1C difference in the dew point and dry bulb temperatures, the relative humidity decreases by
5%, starting with RH=100% when the dew point equals the dry bulb temperature.
where in this case RH is in percent, and T and Td are in degrees Celsius.
The derivation of this approach, a discussion of its accuracy, comparisons to other approximations, and more
information on the history and applications of the dew point are given in the Bulletin of the American
Meteorological Society.[4]

Dew point

For temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit,

or

For example, a relative humidity of 100% means dew point is the same as air temp. For 90% RH, dew point is 3
degrees Fahrenheit lower than air temp. For every 10 percent lower, dew point drops 3F.

Closer approximation
A calculation used by NOAA is:[5]

where:
RH is relative humidity in percentage and
and

is dew point in degrees Celsius

are the dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures respectively in degrees Celsius

is the saturated water vapor pressure, in units of millibar, at the dry-bulb temperature
is the saturated water vapor pressure, in units of millibar, at the wet-bulb temperature
is the actual water vapor pressure, in units of millibar
is "station pressure" (absolute barometric pressure at the site that humidity is being calculated for) in
units of millibar (which is also hPa).
For greater accuracy use the Arden Buck equation to find the water vapor pressures.

Frost point
The frost point is similar to the dew point, in that it is the temperature to which a given parcel of humid air must be
cooled, at constant barometric pressure, for water vapor to be deposited on a surface as ice without going through the
liquid phase. (Compare with sublimation.) The frost point for a given parcel of air is always higher than the dew
point, as the stronger bonding between water molecules on the surface of ice requires higher temperature to break.[6]

References
[1] Horstmeyer, Steve (2006-08-15). "Relative Humidity....Relative to What? The Dew Point Temperature...a better approach" (http:/ / www.
shorstmeyer. com/ wxfaqs/ humidity/ humidity. html). Steve Horstmeyer, Meteorologist, WKRC TV, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. . Retrieved
2009-08-20.
[2] http:/ / www. osha. gov/ pls/ oshaweb/ owadisp. show_document?p_table=INTERPRETATIONS& p_id=24602

Dew point

[3] "MET4 AND MET4A CALCULATION OF DEW POINT" (http:/ / www. paroscientific. com/ dewpoint. htm). Paroscientific, Inc. 4500
148th Ave. N.E. Redmond, WA 98052. 2007-09-13. .
[4] M. G. Lawrence, "The relationship between relative humidity and the dew point temperature in moist air: A simple conversion and
applications", Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 86, 225233, 2005
[5] http:/ / www. srh. noaa. gov/ images/ epz/ wxcalc/ rhTdFromWetBulb. pdf
[6] Haby, Jeff. "Frost point and dew point" (http:/ / www. theweatherprediction. com/ habyhints/ 347/ ). . Retrieved September 30, 2011.

External links

What is the dew point? (http://weathersavvy.com/Q-dew_point1.html)

Dew point definition (http://weather.gov/glossary/index.php?word=dew+point) NOAA Glossary
Dew point formula (http://www.paroscientific.com/dewpoint.htm)
Often Needed Answers about Temp, Humidity & Dew Point (http://www.faqs.org/faqs/meteorology/
temp-dewpoint/) from the sci.geo.meteorology
Humidity calculator (http://www.humidity-calculator.com/index.php)
Dew point calculator in construction (http://www.dew-point.us)

Humidity
Humidity is a term for water vapor in the air, and can refer to any one
of several measurements of humidity. Formally, humid air is not
"moist air" but a mixture of water vapor and other constituents of air,
and humidity is defined in terms of the water content of this mixture,
called the Absolute humidity.[1] In everyday usage, it commonly refers
to relative humidity, expressed as a percent in weather forecasts and on
household humidistats; it is so called because it measures the current
absolute humidity relative to the maximum. Specific humidity is a ratio
of the water vapor content of the mixture to the total air content (on a
mass basis). The water vapor content of the mixture can be measured
either as mass per volume or as a partial pressure, depending on the
usage.

Tropical forests and high-altitude regions often

have high humidity.

In meteorology, relative humidity indicates the likelihood of

precipitation, dew, or fog. High relative humidity reduces the effectiveness of sweating in cooling the body by
reducing the rate of evaporation of moisture from the skin. This effect is calculated in a heat index table, used during
summer weather.

Types
Absolute humidity
Absolute humidity is an amount of water vapor, usually discussed per unit volume. The mass of water vapor,
per unit volume of total moist air,
, can be expressed as follows:

Absolute humidity in air ranges from zero to roughly 30grams per cubic meter when the air is saturated at 30 C.[2]
(See also Absolute Humidity table [3])
The absolute humidity changes as air pressure changes. This is very inconvenient for chemical engineering
calculations, e.g. for clothes dryers, where temperature can vary considerably. As a result, absolute humidity is

Humidity

generally defined in chemical engineering as mass of water vapor per unit mass of dry air, also known as the mass
mixing ratio (see below), which is much more rigorous for heat and mass balance calculations. Mass of water per
unit volume as in the equation above would then be defined as volumetric humidity. Because of the potential
confusion, British Standard BS 1339 (revised 2002) suggests avoiding the term "absolute humidity". Units should
always be carefully checked. Most humidity charts are given in g/kg or kg/kg, but any mass units may be used.
The field concerned with the study of physical and thermodynamic properties of gas-vapor mixtures is named
Psychrometrics.

Relative humidity
Relative humidity is a term used to describe the amount of water vapor in a mixture of air and water vapor. It is
defined as the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor in the air-water mixture to the saturated vapor pressure of
water at those conditions. The relative humidity of air depends not only on temperature but also on pressure of the
system of interest.
Relative humidity is normally expressed as a percentage and is calculated by using the following equation, it is
defined as the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor (H2O)
in the mixture to the saturated vapor pressure
of water

at a prescribed temperature.

[4]

Relative humidity is an important metric used in weather forecasts and reports, as it is an indicator of the likelihood
of precipitation, dew, or fog. In hot summer weather, a rise in relative humidity increases the apparent temperature to
humans (and other animals) by hindering the evaporation of perspiration from the skin. For example, according to
the Heat Index, a relative humidity of 75% at 80F (27C) would feel like 83.574F 1.3 F (28.652C 0.7 C) at
~44% relative humidity.[5]

Specific humidity
Specific humidity is the ratio of water vapor to dry air in a particular mass, and is sometimes referred to as humidity
[6]
ratio. Specific humidity ratio is expressed as a ratio of mass of water vapor,
, per unit mass of dry air
.
That ratio is defined as:

Specific humidity can be expressed in other ways including:

or:

Using the definition of specific humidity, the relative humidity can be expressed as

However, specific humidity is also defined as the ratio of water vapor to the total mass of the system in
meteorology.[7] "Mixing ratio" is used to name the definition in this section beginning.[8]

Humidity

Measurement
There are various devices used to measure and regulate relative
humidity. A device used to measure relative humidity is called a
psychrometer or hygrometer. A humidistat is used to regulate the
relative humidity of a building with a dehumidifier. These can be
analogous to a thermometer and thermostat for temperature control.
Humidity is also measured on a global scale using remotely placed
satellites. These satellites are able to detect the concentration of water
in the troposphere at altitudes between 4 and 12 kilometers. Satellites
that can measure water vapor have sensors that are sensitive to infrared
radiation. Water vapor specifically absorbs and re-radiates radiation in
this spectral band. Satellite water vapor imagery plays an important
role in monitoring climate conditions (like the formation of
thunderstorms) and in the development of future weather forecasts.

Climate
While humidity itself is a climate variable, it also interacts strongly
A hygrometer
with other climate variables. The humidity is affected by winds and by
rainfall. At the same time, humidity affects the energy budget and
thereby influences temperatures in two major ways. First, water vapor in the atmosphere contains "latent" energy.
During transpiration or evaporation, this latent heat is removed from surface liquid, cooling the earth's surface. This
is the biggest non-radiative cooling effect at the surface. It compensates for roughly 70% of the average net radiative
warming at the surface. Second, water vapor is the most important of all greenhouse gases. Water vapor, like a green
lens that allows green light to pass through it but absorbs red light, is a "selective absorber". Along with other
greenhouse gases, water vapor is transparent to most solar energy, as you can literally see. But it absorbs the infrared
energy emitted (radiated) upward by the earth's surface, which is the reason that humid areas experience very little
nocturnal cooling but dry desert regions cool considerably at night. This selective absorption causes the greenhouse
effect. It raises the surface temperature substantially above its theoretical radiative equilibrium temperature with the
sun, and water vapor is the cause of more of this warming than any other greenhouse gas.
The most humid cities on earth are generally located closer to the equator, near coastal regions. Cities in South and
Southeast Asia are among the most humid, such as Kolkata, Chennai and Cochin in India, the cities of Manila in the
Philippines and Bangkok in Thailand: these places experience extreme humidity during their rainy seasons combined
with warmth giving the feel of a lukewarm sauna.[9] Darwin, Australia experiences an extremely humid wet season
from December to April. Shanghai and Hong Kong in China also have an extreme humid period in their summer
months. Kuala Lumpur and Singapore have very high humidity all year round because of their proximity to water
bodies and the equator and overcast weather. Perfectly clear days are dependent largely upon the season in which
one decides to travel. During the South-west and North-east Monsoon seasons (respectively, late May to September
and November to March), expect heavy rains and a relatively high humidity post-rainfall. Outside the monsoon
seasons, humidity is high (in comparison to countries North of the Equator), but completely sunny days abound. In
cooler places such as Northern Tasmania, Australia, high humidity is experienced all year due to the ocean between
mainland Australia and Tasmania. In the summer the hot dry air is absorbed by this ocean and the temperature rarely
climbs above 35 degrees Celsius.
In the United States the most humid cities, strictly in terms of relative humidity, are Forks and Olympia,
Washington.[10] This fact may come as a surprise to many, as the climate in this region rarely exhibits the discomfort
usually associated with high humidity. Dew points are typically much lower on the West Coast than on the East.

Humidity
Because high dew points play a more significant role than relative humidity in the discomfort created during humid
days, the air in these western cities usually does not feel "humid".
The highest dew points in the US are found in coastal Florida and Texas. When comparing Key West and Houston,
two of the most humid cities from those states, coastal Florida seems to have the higher dew points on average.
However, Houston lacks the coastal breeze present in Key West, and, as a much larger city, it suffers from the urban
heat island effect.[11] A dew point of 86 degrees Fahrenheit was recorded in southern Minnesota on July 23, 2005,
though dew points over 80 degrees Fahrenheit are rare there.[12] The US city with the lowest annual relative
humidity is Las Vegas, Nevada, averaging 39% for a high and 21% as a low.[13]

Air density and volume

Relative humidity depends on water vaporization and condensation, which, in turn, mainly depends on temperature.
Therefore, when applying more pressure to a gas saturated with water, all components will initially decrease in
volume approximately according to the ideal gas law. However, some of the water will condense until returning to
almost the same relative humidity as before, giving the resulting total volume deviating from what the ideal gas law
predicted. Conversely, decreasing temperature would also make some water condense, again making the final
volume deviating from predicted by the ideal gas law. Therefore, gas volume may alternatively be expressed as the
dry volume, excluding the humidity content. This fraction more accurately follows the ideal gas law. On the contrary
the saturated volume is the volume a gas mixture would have if humidity was added to it until saturation (or 100%
relative humidity).
Humid air is less dense than dry air because a molecule of water (M 18 u ) is less massive than either a molecule of
nitrogen (M 28) or a molecule of oxygen (M 32). About 78% of the molecules in dry air are nitrogen (N2).
Another 21% of the molecules in dry air are oxygen (O2). The final 1% of dry air is a mixture of other gases.
For any gas, at a given temperature and pressure, the number of molecules present in a particular volume is constant
see ideal gas law. So when water molecules (vapor) are introduced into that volume of dry air, the number of air
molecules in the volume must decrease by the same number, if the temperature and pressure remain constant. (The
addition of water molecules, or any other molecules, to a gas, without removal of an equal number of other
molecules, will necessarily require a change in temperature, pressure, or total volume; that is, a change in at least
one of these three parameters. If temperature and pressure remain constant, the volume increases, and the dry air
molecules that were displaced will initially move out into the additional volume, after which the mixture will
eventually become uniform through diffusion.) Hence the mass per unit volume of the gasits densitydecreases.
Isaac Newton discovered this phenomenon and wrote about it in his book Opticks.[14]

Effects
Animals and plants
Humidity is one of the fundamental abiotic factors that defines any habitat, and is a determinant of which animals
and plants can thrive in a given environment.[15]
The human body dissipates heat by a perspiration and evaporation. Heat convection to the surrounding air, and
thermal radiation are the primary modes of heat transport from the body. Under conditions of high relative humidity,
the rate of evaporation of sweat from the skin decreases. Also, if the atmosphere is as warm as or warmer than the
skin during times of high relative humidity, blood brought to the body surface cannot dissipate heat by conduction to
the air, and a condition called hyperpyrexia results. With so much blood going to the external surface of the body,
relatively less goes to the active muscles, the brain, and other internal organs. Physical strength declines, and fatigue
occurs sooner than it would otherwise. Alertness and mental capacity also may be affected, resulting in heat stroke
or hyperthermia.

Humidity

Human comfort
Humans are sensitive to humid air because the human body uses evaporative cooling as the primary mechanism to
regulate temperature. Under humid conditions, the rate at which perspiration evaporates on the skin is lower than it
would be under arid conditions. Because humans perceive the rate of heat transfer from the body rather than
temperature itself, we feel warmer when the relative humidity is high than when it is low.
Some people experience difficulty breathing in high humidity environments. Some cases may possibly be related to
respiratory conditions such as asthma, while others may be the product of anxiety. Sufferers will often hyperventilate
in response, causing sensations of numbness, faintness, and loss of concentration, among others.[16]
Air conditioning reduces discomfort in the summer not only by reducing temperature, but also by reducing relative
humidity. In winter, heating cold outdoor air can decrease relative humidity levels indoor to below 30%, leading to
discomfort such as dry skin and excessive thirst.

Electronics
Many electronic devices have humidity specifications, for example, 5% to 95%. At the top end of the range,
moisture may increase the conductivity of permeable insulators leading to malfunction. Too low relative humidity
may make materials brittle. A particular danger to electronic items, regardless of the stated operating humidity range,
is condensation. When an electronic item is moved from a cold place (e.g., garage, car, shed, an air conditioned
space in the tropics) to a warm humid place (house, outside tropics), condensation may coat circuit boards and other
insulators, leading to short circuit inside the equipment. Such short circuits may cause substantial permanent damage
if the equipment is powered on before the condensation has evaporated. A similar condensation effect can often be
observed when a person wearing glasses comes in from the cold. It is advisable to allow electronic equipment to
acclimatise for several hours, after being brought in from the cold, before powering on. Some electronic devices can
detect such a change and indicate, when plugged in and usually with a small droplet symbol, that they cannot be used
until the risk from condensation has passed. In situations where time is critical, increasing air flow through the
device's internals when, such as removing the side panel from a PC case and directing a fan to blow into the case will
reduce significantly the time needed to acclimatise to the new environment.
On the opposite, very low relative humidity level favors the buildup of static electricity, which may result in
spontaneous shutdown of computers when discharges occur. Apart from spurious erratic function, electrostatic
discharges can cause dielectric breakdown in solid state devices, resulting in irreversible damage. Data centers often
monitor relative humidity levels for these reasons.

Building construction
Traditional building designs typically had weak insulation, and it allowed air moisture to flow freely between the
interior and exterior. The energy-efficient, heavily-sealed architecture introduced in the 20th century also sealed off
the movement of moisture, and this has resulted in a secondary problem of condensation forming in and around
walls, which encourages the development of mold and mildew. Additionally, buildings with foundations not properly
sealed will allow water to flow through the walls due to capillary action of pores found in masonry products.
Solutions for energy-efficient buildings that avoid condensation are a current topic of architecture.

Humidity

References
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]

Wyer, S.S., "A treatise on producer-gas and gas-producers", (1906) The Engineering and Mining Journal, London, p.23
http:/ / www. britannica. com/ eb/ article-53259/ climate#292984. hook
http:/ / www. tis-gdv. de/ tis_e/ misc/ klima. htm
Perry, R.H. and Green, D.W, Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook (7th Edition), McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-049841-5 , Eqn 12-7
http:/ / en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ Heat_index#Formula
Cengel, Yunus and Boles, Michael, Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, 1998, 3rd edition, McGraw-Hill, pp. 725726
AMS Glossary: specific humidity (http:/ / amsglossary. allenpress. com/ glossary/ search?id=specific-humidity1)
http:/ / amsglossary. allenpress. com/ glossary/ search?id=mixing-ratio1
BBC Weather Centre World Weather Average Conditions Bangkok (http:/ / www. bbc. co. uk/ weather/ world/ city_guides/ results.
shtml?tt=TT002890)
[10] What Is The Most Humid City In The U.S.? | KOMO-TV Seattle, Washington | News Archive (http:/ / www. komotv. com/ news/ archive/
4092941. html)
[11] Answers: Is Florida or Texas more humid: September 3,2003 (http:/ / www. usatoday. com/ weather/ resources/ askjack/
2003-09-03-answers-fla-texas-humidity_x. htm)
[12] High Dew Point Temperatures: July 23, 2005 (http:/ / climate. umn. edu/ doc/ journal/ dewpoint050723. htm)
[13] http:/ / www. cityrating. com/ relativehumidity. asp
[14] Isaac Newton (1704). Opticks (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=iTpXLrPR2TQC& printsec=frontcover& dq=isaac+ newton+ optics).
Dover. ISBN978-0-486-60205-9. .
[15] C.Michael Hogan. 2010. Abiotic factor. Encyclopedia of Earth. eds Emily Monosson and C. Cleveland. National Council for Science and
the Environment (http:/ / www. eoearth. org/ article/ Abiotic_factor?topic=49461). Washington DC
[16] "I have trouble breathing in high relative humidity - Lung & Respiratory Disorders / COPD Message Board - HealthBoards" (http:/ / www.
healthboards. com/ boards/ showthread. php?t=409092). . Retrieved 18 July 2011.

United States Environmental Protection Agency, "IAQ in Large Buildings" (http://www.epa.gov/iaq/

largebldgs/i-beam_html/ch2-hvac.htm#F2.6). Retrieved Jan. 9, 2006.

External links
Glossary definition of absolute humidity (http://www.nsdl.arm.gov/Library/glossary.
shtml#absolute_humidity) National Science Digital Library
Glossary definition of psychrometric tables (http://nsidc.org/arcticmet/glossary/psychrometric_tables.html)
National Snow and Ice Data Center
Glossary definition of specific humidity (http://nsidc.org/arcticmet/glossary/specific_humidity.html)
National Snow and Ice Data Center
FREE Humidity & Dewpoint Calculator (http://www.vaisala.com/humiditycalculator/?SectionUri=/
instruments/rhcalc) Vaisala
Free Windows Program, Dewpoint Units Conversion Calculator (http://www.phymetrix.com/Software.htm)
PhyMetrix
Free Online Humidity Calculator (http://www.rotronic.com/
humidity_measurement-feuchtemessung-mesure_de_l_humidite/humidity-calculator-feuchterechner-mr)
Calculate about 16 parameters online with the Rotronic Humidity Calculator

10

Article Sources and Contributors

Article Sources and Contributors

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Bubba73, Bumm13, Buster2058, CWii, CalgaryWikifan, Carlroller, Chernysh, Christophenstein, CountMacula, Crimson123, Cyclist, Dbrunner, Deewhite, DelmhorstWiki, DerHexer,
Deusnoctum, Djd sd, Dmd, Doctorevil64, Donarreiskoffer, Donwarnersaklad, Download, Drdewlittle, Easchiff, Eclectica, Editor182, Eeekster, Ellywa, Emerson7, Epbr123, Esperant,
Ewlyahoocom, F-402, F117-A, FiggyBee, Filu, Fr.bernat, Frodet, Frogsaregreen, Funandtrvl, Gaius Cornelius, Gary King, Gene Nygaard, Giftlite, Glenn, Glrx, GregBenson, Groogle, Guaka,
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Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

Image:dewpoint.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Dewpoint.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Contributors: Original uploader
was GregBenson at en.wikipedia
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File:Cloud forest mount kinabalu.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cloud_forest_mount_kinabalu.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.5
Contributors: Davepape, Gilgameshkun, MPF, NepGrower, Twinsday, 4 anonymous edits
Image:Umidaderelativa.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Umidaderelativa.jpg License: Agncia Brasil Contributors: Jos Cruz/ABr

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License

License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported
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