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  • Mrsa

    Загружено:

    Suzy Hossam
    41 просмотров2 страницы
    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a type of staph bacteria that's become resistant to many of the antibiotics used to treat ordinary staph infections. Most MRSA infections occur in people who've been in hospitals or other health care settings, such as nursing homes and dialysis centers. When it occurs in these settings, it's known as health care-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA). HA-MRSA infections typically are associated with invasive procedures or devices, such as surgeries, intravenous tubing or artificial joints. Another type of MRSA infection has occurred in the wider community — among healthy people. This form, community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA), often begins as a painful skin boil. It's spread by skin-to-skin contact. At-risk populations include groups such as high school wrestlers, child care workers and people who live in crowded conditions. Staph skin infections, including MRSA, generally start as swollen, painful red bumps that might resemble pimples or spider bites. The affected area might be: Warm to the touch Full of pus or other drainage Accompanied by a fever These can quickly turn into deep, painful abscesses that require surgical draining. Sometimes the bacteria remain confined to the skin. But they can also burrow deep into the body, causing potentially life-threatening infections in bones, joints, surgical wounds, the bloodstream, heart valves and lungs. Different varieties of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, commonly called "staph," exist. Staph bacteria are normally found on the skin or in the nose of about one-third of the population. The bacteria are generally harmless unless they enter the body through a cut or other wound, and even then they usually cause only minor skin problems in healthy people. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, less than 2 percent of the population chronically carries the type of staph bacteria known as MRSA. Antibiotic resistance MRSA is the result of decades of often unnecessary antibiotic use. For years, antibiotics have been prescribed for colds, flu and other viral infections that don't respond to these drugs. Even when antibiotics are used appropriately, they contribute to the rise of drug-resistant bacteria because they don't destroy every germ they target. Bacteria live on an evolutionary fast track, so germs that survive treatment with one antibiotic soon learn to resist others. Because hospital and community strains of MRSA generally occur in different settings, the risk factors for the two strains differ. Risk factors for HA-MRSA Being hospitalized. MRSA remains a concern in hospitals, where it can attack those most vulnerable — older adults and people with weakened immune systems. Having an invasive medical device. Medical tubing — such as intravenous lines or urinary catheters — can provide a pathway for MRSA to travel into your body. Residing in a long-term care facility. MRSA is prevalent in nursing homes. Carriers of MRSA have the ability to spread it, even if they're not sick themselves. Risk factors for CA-MRSA Participating in contact sports. MRSA can spread easily through cuts and abrasions and skin-to-skin contact. Living in crowded or unsanitary conditions. Outbreaks of MRSA have occurred in military training camps, child care centers and jails. Men having sex with men. Homosexual men have a higher risk of developing MRSA infections. MRSA infections can resist the effects of many common antibiotics, so they are more difficult to treat. This can allow the infections to spread and sometimes become life-threatening. MRSA infections may affect your: Bloodstream Lungs Heart Bones Joints Doctors diagnose MRSA by checking a tissue sample or nasal secretions for signs of drug-resistant bacteria. The sample is sent to a lab where it's placed in a dish of nutrients that encourage bacterial growth. But because it takes about 48 hours fo

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    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a type of staph bacteria that's become resistant to many of the antibiotics used to treat ordinary staph infections. Most MRSA infections occur in people who've been in hospitals or other health care settings, such as nursing homes and dialysis centers. When it occurs in these settings, it's known as health care-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA). HA-MRSA infections typically are associated with invasive procedures or devices, such as surgeries, intravenous tubing or artificial joints. Another type of MRSA infection has occurred in the wider community — among healthy people. This form, community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA), often begins as a painful skin boil. It's spread by skin-to-skin contact. At-risk populations include groups such as high school wrestlers, child care workers and people who live in crowded conditions. Staph skin infections, including MRSA, generally start as swollen, painful red bumps that might resemble pimples or spider bites. The affected area might be: Warm to the touch Full of pus or other drainage Accompanied by a fever These can quickly turn into deep, painful abscesses that require surgical draining. Sometimes the bacteria remain confined to the skin. But they can also burrow deep into the body, causing potentially life-threatening infections in bones, joints, surgical wounds, the bloodstream, heart valves and lungs. Different varieties of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, commonly called "staph," exist. Staph bacteria are normally found on the skin or in the nose of about one-third of the population. The bacteria are generally harmless unless they enter the body through a cut or other wound, and even then they usually cause only minor skin problems in healthy people. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, less than 2 percent of the population chronically carries the type of staph bacteria known as MRSA. Antibiotic resistance MRSA is the result of decades of often unnecessary antibiotic use. For years, antibiotics have been prescribed for colds, flu and other viral infections that don't respond to these drugs. Even when antibiotics are used appropriately, they contribute to the rise of drug-resistant bacteria because they don't destroy every germ they target. Bacteria live on an evolutionary fast track, so germs that survive treatment with one antibiotic soon learn to resist others. Because hospital and community strains of MRSA generally occur in different settings, the risk factors for the two strains differ. Risk factors for HA-MRSA Being hospitalized. MRSA remains a concern in hospitals, where it can attack those most vulnerable — older adults and people with weakened immune systems. Having an invasive medical device. Medical tubing — such as intravenous lines or urinary catheters — can provide a pathway for MRSA to travel into your body. Residing in a long-term care facility. MRSA is prevalent in nursing homes. Carriers of MRSA have the ability to spread it, even if they're not sick themselves. Risk factors for CA-MRSA Participating in contact sports. MRSA can spread easily through cuts and abrasions and skin-to-skin contact. Living in crowded or unsanitary conditions. Outbreaks of MRSA have occurred in military training camps, child care centers and jails. Men having sex with men. Homosexual men have a higher risk of developing MRSA infections. MRSA infections can resist the effects of many common antibiotics, so they are more difficult to treat. This can allow the infections to spread and sometimes become life-threatening. MRSA infections may affect your: Bloodstream Lungs Heart Bones Joints Doctors diagnose MRSA by checking a tissue sample or nasal secretions for signs of drug-resistant bacteria. The sample is sent to a lab where it's placed in a dish of nutrients that encourage bacterial growth. But because it takes about 48 hours fo

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    Mrsa

    Загружено:

    Suzy Hossam
    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a type of staph bacteria that's become resistant to many of the antibiotics used to treat ordinary staph infections. Most MRSA infections occur in people who've been in hospitals or other health care settings, such as nursing homes and dialysis centers. When it occurs in these settings, it's known as health care-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA). HA-MRSA infections typically are associated with invasive procedures or devices, such as surgeries, intravenous tubing or artificial joints. Another type of MRSA infection has occurred in the wider community — among healthy people. This form, community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA), often begins as a painful skin boil. It's spread by skin-to-skin contact. At-risk populations include groups such as high school wrestlers, child care workers and people who live in crowded conditions. Staph skin infections, including MRSA, generally start as swollen, painful red bumps that might resemble pimples or spider bites. The affected area might be: Warm to the touch Full of pus or other drainage Accompanied by a fever These can quickly turn into deep, painful abscesses that require surgical draining. Sometimes the bacteria remain confined to the skin. But they can also burrow deep into the body, causing potentially life-threatening infections in bones, joints, surgical wounds, the bloodstream, heart valves and lungs. Different varieties of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, commonly called "staph," exist. Staph bacteria are normally found on the skin or in the nose of about one-third of the population. The bacteria are generally harmless unless they enter the body through a cut or other wound, and even then they usually cause only minor skin problems in healthy people. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, less than 2 percent of the population chronically carries the type of staph bacteria known as MRSA. Antibiotic resistance MRSA is the result of decades of often unnecessary antibiotic use. For years, antibiotics have been prescribed for colds, flu and other viral infections that don't respond to these drugs. Even when antibiotics are used appropriately, they contribute to the rise of drug-resistant bacteria because they don't destroy every germ they target. Bacteria live on an evolutionary fast track, so germs that survive treatment with one antibiotic soon learn to resist others. Because hospital and community strains of MRSA generally occur in different settings, the risk factors for the two strains differ. Risk factors for HA-MRSA Being hospitalized. MRSA remains a concern in hospitals, where it can attack those most vulnerable — older adults and people with weakened immune systems. Having an invasive medical device. Medical tubing — such as intravenous lines or urinary catheters — can provide a pathway for MRSA to travel into your body. Residing in a long-term care facility. MRSA is prevalent in nursing homes. Carriers of MRSA have the ability to spread it, even if they're not sick themselves. Risk factors for CA-MRSA Participating in contact sports. MRSA can spread easily through cuts and abrasions and skin-to-skin contact. Living in crowded or unsanitary conditions. Outbreaks of MRSA have occurred in military training camps, child care centers and jails. Men having sex with men. Homosexual men have a higher risk of developing MRSA infections. MRSA infections can resist the effects of many common antibiotics, so they are more difficult to treat. This can allow the infections to spread and sometimes become life-threatening. MRSA infections may affect your: Bloodstream Lungs Heart Bones Joints Doctors diagnose MRSA by checking a tissue sample or nasal secretions for signs of drug-resistant bacteria. The sample is sent to a lab where it's placed in a dish of nutrients that encourage bacterial growth. But because it takes about 48 hours fo

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    из 2

    Infec{ion

    SprcadbyGlose
    Gontact
    WithOtherc
    There are two types of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
    aureus
    (MRSA) bacteria: heahhcare-associandMRSA(FIA-MRSA) and
    community-ass
    ociatedMRSA (CA-MRSA).

    ldentifying
    MRSA
    Strains
    HA-MRSA infections occur in patients who are in or have
    recently been in health care semingssuch as a hospital, nursing
    home, or dialysisclinic. These infections are related
    lo ^rurg.ry Slmptomsof a MRSA shin infection
    or devicessuch as IV lines or catheters.HA-MI.SA infections iTrtua, a red,
    swollen,painfut arra
    areoften found in the bloodstreamor tissues,and complications with
    fluid. or pus in th, uitrr.
    may include heart valve infections or pneumoma.
    Infections with CA-MRSA are usually confined to a localized skin infection that resemblesa
    pimple or boil. These bacteriaare most often transmitted through skin-to-skin conracr or sharing personal items such as towels, razors,or athletic equipment. People at risk for developing
    MRSA infections in the community include wresders or other contacr-sport athletes, children
    in day care, military personnel living in barracks, and those who get tartoos. CA-MRSA infections are typically lessdangerous than HA-MRSA infections and can be more easily rreated once
    they are correctly diagnosed.
    .One symptom of a MRSA skin infection is the appearanceof a red, tender,warm, and swollen
    ardathat may resemblean insect bite. Fluid or pus may appearin the center of the infected area.If
    the MRSA infection has spreadbeyond the skin, the patient may show symptoms of a more serious
    infection, such as fever,chills, cough, chest pain, shortnessofbreath, rash, and headache.
    Diagnosis of MRSA infection-is basedon a physical examination and history of the symptoms,
    as well as an identification of ris'Ffrctors that may have contributed to the development-of the
    infection. A sample of liquid or tissue scraping from the infected area is sent to a laboratory for
    growth in a culture medium and requires48 hours for results.If appropriate, blood, sputum, and
    urine may also be cultured. Recently,rapid identification testsfor MRSA staph havebeen developed
    that can detect the bacterium within a few hours. These tests have allowed doctors to begin the
    correct antibiotic rapidly, increasingthe successof treatment.

    Treatment
    Options
    andPrevention
    The treatment of a MRSA infection dependson the location and strain of the bacterium. For local
    skin infections causedby CA-MRSA, drainageof the infected site may be the only necessarytreatment. Antibiodcs are indicated if the abscessis difficult to drain or doesnot improve after drainage.
    Antibiotics are also appropriate for very young or very old patients, thosewith extensiveswelling in
    the areaor muldple areasof infection, people with symptoms of infection that has,spreadinto the
    bloodstream,and patients with poor immune systems.If MRSA has infected the blood or inrernd
    organs and is not treated promptly, the infection can be very difficult ro ffear and may be fatal.
    There are severalpreventivemeasuresthat can protect people at high risk for developing MRSA
    infection. Cleaning of equipment and frequent hand washing with soap or an alcohol-basedhand
    sanitizer,especiallyby health care facility personnel,can significantly decreasethe spreadof MRSA
    bacteria. In the communiry all wounds should be covered to prevent spreading of the infection.
    Sharedfacilities for athleticsor bathing should be avoided if usedby a personwith an open wound.
    Other locations where MRSA can be spread include day care centers, dormitories, correctional
    facilities, military barracks,health clubs, gymnasiums,and locker rooms. A towel or piece of clothing can protect the skin from direct conracrwith surfacesthat might harbor MRSA.
    Ifyou have a skin infection, do not try to treat it yourself.A doctor can perform a quick test to
    determine the best therapy. If you have been diagnosedwith a MRSA infection, be sure to finish
    your prescribedantibiotic even ifsigns ofinfection have disappeared.

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