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In the subject of
Dharani Kamath
Seat no: 108
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled Performance Appraisal of Procter and
Gamble submitted by Dharani Kamath Roll No. student of M.Com. (Part-I) Management
(University of Mumbai) Semester I examination has not been submitted for any other
examination and does not form a part of any other course undergone by the candidate. It is
further certified that he has completed all required phases of the project. This is original to
the best of pout knowledge and has been accepted for the Internal Assessment.
Internal Examiner
External Examiner
Co-ordinator
Principal
COLLEGE SEAL
I, Dharani Kamath student of M.Com. Part-I Management Roll No. 108 hereby declare
that the project for the Paper Human Rsource management titled, Performance
Appraisal of Procter and Gamble submitted by me to University of Mumbai, Semester
I examination during the academic year 2012-2013, is based on actual work carried by me
under the guidance and supervision of Mrs Sandhya Prashar.
I further state that this work is original and not submitted anywhere else for any
examination.
Signature of student
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
At the beginning, I would like to thank GOD for his shower of blessing. The desire of
completing this project was given by my guide Prof Mrs Sandhya Prashar I am very much
thankful to her for the guidance, support and for sparing her precious time from a busy
schedule.
I would fail in my duty if I dont thank my parents who are pillars of my life. Finally I
would express my gratitude to all those who directly and indirectly helped me in completing
this project.
INDEX
Serial No
Chapter Name
Chapter 1.
Introduction
Introduction
Definition
Formal v/s informal
Different views
About the report
Chapter layout
Chapter 2.
Profile of Procter and Gamble
Chapter 3.
Theoretical view of Performance Appraisal
Chapter 4.
Analysis and interpretation
Chapter 5.
Conclusion
Bibliography
Annexures
Page no.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Performance Appraisal is an objective assessment of an individuals performance against
well defined benchmarks. It is the assessment of an individuals performance in a systematic
way. It is one of the fundamental functions of any organization.
DEFINITIONS:
and accomplishments.
According to Newstrom, Performance appraisal is the process of evaluating the
performance of employees, sharing that information with them and searching for
ways to improve their performance.
The history can be dated back to the 20th century and then to the second world war when the
merit rating was used for the first time. An employer evaluating their employees is a very
old
concept.
It
is
an
indispensable
part
of
performance
measurement.
Performance appraisal is necessary to measure the performance of the employees and the
organization to check the progress towards the desired goals and aims.
Performance management refers to the process of appraising performances, giving feedback
to the employees, and offering rewards or punishments to them. It does not have any relation
on the employees personality characteristics. It helps to identify areas for performance
enhancement and to help promote professional growth. It helps an organization to determine
whether the employees performance is aligning with the organizational goal.
People differ in their abilities and their aptitudes. There is always some difference between
the quality and quantity of the same work on the same job being done by two different
people. Performance appraisals of Employees are necessary to understand each employees
abilities, competencies and relative merit and worth for the organization. Performance
appraisal rates the employees in terms of their performance.
Many organizations encourage a mixture of both formal and informal appraisals. The formal
appraisal is most often used as primary evaluation. However, the informal appraisal is very
helpful for more performance feedback. It should be taken care that informal appraisals do
not take place of formal appraisals.
Over the years, effective performance management has been proven to improve employee
loyalty, morale and general productivity. Due mainly to the highly competitive business
environment today, there is the need for firms to boost the morale and loyalty of their
employees in order to stand the heat of competition. Because of the high cost of selection,
recruitment, training and developing new employees, it is imperative for firms to motivate
and retain their high performing employees.
Performance appraisals are employed to determine who needs what training, and who will
be promoted, demoted, retained, or fired. Hence performance appraisal should be the top
priority of any organization.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
To define any research problem and give a suitable solution for any research, a sound
research plan is inevitable. Research methodology underlines the various steps involved by
the researcher in systematically solving the problem with the objective of determining
various facts.
For completing this project Secondary data collection data method as well as primary
data collection method was used.
CHAPTER LAYOUT
CHAPTER 1:
Information of the project and introduction of the title.
CHAPTER 2:
Profile of The Procter & Gamble Company (P&G).
CHAPTER 3:
Theoretical view of Performance Appraisal.
CHAPTER 4:
Analysis on Performance Appraisal with reference to Procter & Gamble Company (P&G).
CHAPTER 5:
Summary of the study.
CHAPTER 2
PROFILE OF THE COMPANY
The Procter & Gamble Company (P&G) boasts a boatload of top household brands. The
world's largest maker of consumer packaged goods divides its business into two global units:
Beauty and Grooming and Household Care. The company also makes pet food and water
filters. About two dozen of P&G's brands are billion-dollar sellers, including Always, Braun,
Crest, Fusion, Gillette, Head & Shoulders, Mach3, Olay, Oral-B, Pantene, and Wella in the
beauty, grooming, health care, and snacks & pet care segments, as well as Bounty,
Charmin, Dawn, Downy, Duracell, Gain, Iams, Pampers, and Tide in the fabric & home care
and baby & family care segments. P&G's hundreds of brands are available in more than 180
countries.
Procter & Gamble Co. (P&G) is an American company based in Cincinnati, Ohio that
manufactures a wide range of consumer goods. In India Proctor & Gamble has two
subsidiaries: P&G Hygiene and Health Care Ltd. and P&G Home Products Ltd. P&G
Hygiene and Health Care Limited is one of India's fastest growing Fast Moving Consumer
Goods Companies with a turnover of more than Rs. 500 crores. It has in its portfolio famous
brands like Vicks & Whisper. P&G Home Products Limited deals in Fabric Care segment
and Hair Care segment. It has in its kitty global brands such as Ariel and Tide in the Fabric
Care segment, and Head & Shoulders, Pantene, and Rejoice in the Hair Care segment.
Procter & Gamble's relationship with India started in 1951 when Vicks Product Inc. India, a
branch of Vicks Product Inc. USA entered Indian market. In 1964, a public limited company,
Richardson Hindustan Limited (RHL) was formed which obtained an Industrial License to
undertake manufacture of Menthol and de mentholised peppermint oil and VICKS range of
products such as Vicks VapoRub, Vicks Cough Drops and Vicks Inhaler. In May 1967, RHL
introduced Clearsil, then America's number one pimple cream in Indian market. In 1979,
RHL launches Vicks Action 500 and in 1984 it set up an Ayurvedic Research Laboratory to
address
the common ailments of the people such as cough and cold.
In October 1985, RHL became an affiliate of The Procter & Gamble Company, USA and its
name was changed to Procter & Gamble India. In 1989, Procter & Gamble India launched
Whisper - the breakthrough technology sanitary napkin. In 1991, P&G India launched Ariel
detergent. In 1992, The Procter & Gamble Company, US increased its stake in Procter &
Gamble India to 51% and then to 65%. In 1993, Procter & Gamble India divested the
Detergents business to Procter & Gamble Home Products and started marketing Old Spice
Brand of products. In 1999 Procter & Gamble India Limited changed the name of the
Company to Procter & Gamble Hygiene and Health Care Limited.
P&G Home Products Limited was incorporated as 100% subsidiary of The Procter &
Gamble Company, USA in 1993 and it launched launches Ariel Super Soaker. In the same
year Procter & Gamble India divested the Detergents business to Procter & Gamble Home
Products. In 1995, Procter & Gamble Home Products entered the Haircare Category with the
launch of Pantene Pro-V shampoo. In 1997 Procter & Gamble Home Products launches
Head & Shoulders shampoo. In 2000, Procter & Gamble Home Products introduced Tide
Detergent Powder - the largest selling detergent in the world. In 2003, Procter & Gamble
Home Products Limited launched Pampers - world's number one selling diaper brand.
Today, Proctor & Gamble is the second largest FMCG Company in India after Hindustan
Lever Limited.
History
Procter & Gamble was started by brothers-in-law William Procter and James Gamble, a
candle maker and a soap maker, respectively, in 1837 in Cincinnati. Two decades later, the
company would reach $1 million in sales. The Civil War further boosted the company's
fortunes, when the Union Army awarded two contracts to P&G to supply soldiers with soap
and candles. It was an unwitting way to build brand loyalty -- after the war was over,
returning soldiers continued to buy P&G products.
Procter & Gamble headquarters in Downtown Cincinnati , Ohio.The company moved into
other countries, both in terms of manufacturing and product sales, becoming an international
corporation with its 1930 acquisition of the Thomas hedley company , based in Newcastle
upon tyne, England. Procter & Gamble maintained a strong link to the North East of
England after this acquisition. Numerous new products and brand names were introduced
over time, and Procter & Gamble began branching out into new areas. The company
introduced tide laundry detergent in 1946 and prell shampoo in 1947. In 1955, Procter &
Gamble began selling the first toothpaste to contain fluoride, known as crest .Branching out
once again in 1957; the company purchased charmin Paper Mills and began manufacturing
toilet paper and other paper products.
P&G scored another coup in brand building with the launch of Ivory soap in the 1890s. In
the years after, P&G would go on to invent and produce some of the most common products
in American homes. In 1911, Crisco was introduced. In 1946, it was the detergent Tide.
Pampers, the disposable diapers that changed the industry, debuted in 1961. The list of
successful products goes on and on.
Popular Brands:
26 of P&G's brands have more than a billion dollars in net annual sales, according to the
2011 Annual Report and Procter and Gamble corporate news room.
Leadership Brands
Bounce is a brand of laundry products sold in the United States and Canada.
Bounty is a brand of paper towel sold in the United States and Canada.
Charmin is a brand of toilet paper sold in the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
Gain is a brand of laundry detergent, fabric softeners and liquid dish soap.
Mister Clean is a brand of multi-purpose cleaner sold in the United States and Great
Britain.
Wella is a brand name of hair care products (shampoo, conditioner, styling, hair
color).
Most of these brandsincluding Bounty, Crest and Tideare global products available on
several continents. Procter & Gamble products are available in North America, Latin
America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand.
PRODUCTION
The P&G production logo used from early 1985 to 2007 Procter & Gamble produced and
sponsored the first radio soap operas in the 1930s (Procter & Gamble's being known for
detergentssoapswas the genesis of the term "soap opera"). When the medium switched
to television in the 1950s and 1960s, most of the new serials were sponsored and produced
by the company. The serial The Young And The Restless is currently broadcast on CBS and
is still partially sponsored by Procter & Gamble. When As The World Turns left the air on
September 17, 2010, The Young And The Restless became the only soap left that is partially
sponsored by Procter & Gamble.
Procter & Gamble produced and sponsored the first radio soap operas in the 1930s (Procter
& Gamble's being known for detergentssoapswas the genesis of the term "soap opera")
When the medium switched to television in the 1950s and 1960s, most of the new serials
were sponsored and produced by the company. The serial The Young And The Restless is
currently broadcast on CBS and is still partially sponsored by Procter & Gamble. When As
The World Turns left left the air on September 17, 2010, The Young And The Restless ,
became the only soap left that is partially sponsored by Procter & Gamble.
Procter & Gamble also was the first company to produce and sponsor a prime-time show, a
1965 spinoff of the daytime soap opera As the World Turns called Our Private World In
1979; PGP produced Shirley, a prime-time NBC series starring Shirley Jones which lasted
thirteen episodes. They also produced TBS' first original comedy series, Down To Earth,
which ran from 1984 to 1987 (110 episodes were produced). They also distributed the
syndicated comedy series Throb. Procter & Gamble Productions originally co-produced
Dawsons Creek with Sony Pictures Television but withdrew before the series premiere due
to early press reviews. It also produced the 1991 TV movie A Triumph of the Heart: The
Ricky Bell Story, which was co-produced by The Landsburgs.
In addition to self-produced items, Procter & Gamble also supports many Spanish-language
novellas through advertising on networks such as Univision, Telemundo,Telefutura, and
Azteca America. Procter & Gamble was one of the first mainstream advertisers on Spanishlanguage TV during the mid-1980s. In 2000, the company's self care Being Girl website was
launched. In 2008, P&G expanded into music sponsorship when it joined Island Def Jam to
create Tag Records, named after a body spray that P&G acquired from Gillette. In April
2010, after the cancellation of As the World Turns, PGP announced they were officially
phasing out of the soap industry, and expanding into more family appropriate programming.
Procter & Gamble also gave a $100,000 contract to the winners of Cycle 1 through 3 of
Canadas Next Top Model, wherein Andrea Muizelaar, Rebecca Hardy and Meaghan Waller
won the prize.
VISION
vision
meaning
must
for
be
the
p eo pl e . M ai nl y,
to
realistic
in
nature
c o m p a n y.
It
must
the
workers
and
be
must
have
convincing
to
some
the
employees of P&G do not think vision is credible then they cant work to full
potential. If the vision of P&G is to inspire and motivate the workforce in the company then
it must be attractive. Vision should be like this that more and more People want to be part of
the company. The vision is not for the present, it is mainly for the future. In this
respect, the image of the leader seeing off into the distance to create a vision may A
vision is not where you are now, it's where you want to be in the future
The products made by P&G touch the life of about 1.75 billion customer every day. For
example they use various visions for their different products. For products they say rough
feels good because they have got shiny hair and nice smile or keep our homes fresh and
clean or b most common and famous line enjoy a great cup of tea, satisfying meal or
healthy snack.
Chapter 3
Theoretical view
Meaning of Performance Appraisal
Performance Appraisal is the systematic evaluation of the performance of employees and to
understand the abilities of a person for further growth and development. Performance
appraisal is generally done in systematic ways which are as follows:
1. The supervisors measure the pay of employees and compare it with targets and plans.
2. The supervisor analyses the factors behind work performances of employees.
The employers are in position to guide the employees for a better performance. In other
words, Performance performance is the assessment of an individuals performance in a
systematic way, the performance being measured such factors as job knowledge, quality and
quantity of output, initiative, leadership abilities, supervision, dependability, co-operation,
judgement, versatility, health, and the like. Assessmant should not be confined to past
performance alone. Potentials of the employee for future performance should also be
assessed.
The other terms used for performance appraisal are: performance rating, employee
assessment, employee performance review, personnel appraisal, performance evaluation and
also merit rating. Performance appraisal is closely related to job analysis.
There
are
many
opinions
on
doing
performance
appraisals
and
appraisals to make sure they have a piece of paper in the employees file.
But successful organizations understand the importance of incorporating
performance appraisals into their performance management strategy.
General Application
Specific Purpose
Developmental uses
transfers
and
job
assignments
Identification of individual strengths
and developmental needs
Administrative Uses/Decisions
Salary
Promotion
Retention or termination
Recognition
of
individual
performance
Lay-offs
Identification of poor performers
Organisational
HR planning
Maintenance/Objectives
Determining
organization
training
needs
Evaluation
of
organizational
goal
achievement
Information for goal identification
Evaluation of HR systems
Reinforcement
of
organizational
developmental needs
Documentation
Improving
performance:
An
effective
appraisal
system
can
they
had
put
in
became
futile
and
obviously
get
CAREER PLANNING:
Career planning is a corporate organizational issue. After appraisals, it is always found out
that most employees are working in departments they have little or no flair for. This
generally affects their individual as well as general corporate performance.
growth and positioning as such it should be carried out with all seriousness and sincerity.
The Human resources person should be able to advice all supervisors and managers before
every appraisal exercise to avoid getting a biased result, which will ultimately affect the
general productivity of the firm.
BENEFITS TO HR:
Flexibility to choose from KRA, competence or Balance Scorecard method based
performance management systems. Track deviations in performance at a macro level and
plan course Correction Save HR time by executing a paperless appraisal process:
The first step in the process of performance appraisal is the setting up of the standards which
will be used to as the base to compare the actual performance of the employees. This step
requires setting the criteria to judge the performance of the employees as successful or
unsuccessful and the degrees of their contribution to the organizational goals and objectives.
The standards set should be clear, easily understandable and in measurable terms. In case the
performance of the employee cannot be measured, great care should be taken to describe the
standards.
This will help them to understand their roles and to know what exactly is expected from
them. The standards should also be communicated to the appraisers or the evaluators and if
required, the standards can also be modified at this stage itself according to the relevant
feedback from the employees or the evaluators.
DISCUSSING RESULTS
The result of the appraisal is communicated and discussed with the employees on one-to-one
basis. The focus of this discussion is on communication and listening. The results, the
problems and the possible solutions are discussed with the aim of problem solving and
reaching consensus. The feedback should be given with a positive attitude as this can have
an effect on the employees future performance. The purpose of the meeting should be to
solve the problems faced and motivate the employees to perform better.
DECISION MAKING
The last step of the process is to take decisions which can be taken either to improve the
performance of the employees, take the required corrective actions, or the related HR
decisions like rewards, promotions, demotions, transfers etc.
the
bias
of
the
evaluator.
all others in the group, one at a time. After all the comparisons on the
basis of the overall comparisons, the employees are given the final
rankings.
Critical incident method: In this method of performance appraisal
the evaluator rates the emp loyee on the basis of critical events and
how the employee behaved during those incidents. It includes both
negative and positive points. The drawback of this method is that the
supervisor has to note down the critical incidents and the employee
behavior as and when they occur.
Assessment centers
are
and
interpersonal
organizing
skills,
intellectual
capabilities,
capability,
motivation,
career
BARS
requires
expert
knowledge.
Humanresourceaccountingmethods:
Human resources are valuable assets for every organization. Human resource
accounting method tries to find the relative worth of these assets in the terms
of money. In this method the Performance appraisal of the employees is
judged in terms of cost and contribution of the employees.
The cost of employees include all the expenses incurred on them like their
compensation, recruitment and selection costs, induction and training costs etc
whereas their contribution includes the total value added (in monetary terms). The
difference between the cost and the contribution will be the performance of the
employees. Ideally, the contribution of the employees should be greater than the cost
incurred on them.
on
his
job.
360 degree respondents for an employee can be his/her peers, managers (i.e.
superior), subordinates, team members, customers, suppliers/ vendors anyone who comes into contact with the employee and can provide valuable
insights and information or feedback regarding the "on-the-job" performance
of the employee.
360 degree feedback has four components:
1. Self appraisal
2. Superiors appraisal
3. Subordinates appraisal
4. Peer appraisal
MBO
Benefits of Appraisal
Perhaps the most significant benefit of appraisal is that, in the rush and bustle of daily
working life, it offers a rare chance for a supervisor and subordinate to have "time out" for a
one-on-one discussion of important work issues that might not otherwise be addressed.
For many employees, an "official" appraisal interview may be the only time they get to have
exclusive, uninterrupted access to their supervisor. Said one employee of a large
organization after his first formal performance appraisal, "In twenty years of work, that's the
first time anyone has ever bothered to sit down and tell me how I'm doing." The value of this
intense and purposeful interaction between a supervisors and subordinate should not be
underestimated.
Performance appraisal offers an excellent opportunity - perhaps the best that will
ever occur - for a supervisor and subordinate to recognize and agree upon individual
training and development needs. During the discussion of an employee's work
performance, the presence or absence of work skills can become very obvious even to those who habitually reject the idea of training for them.
Performance appraisal can make the need for training more pressing and relevant by
linking it clearly to performance outcomes and future career aspirations. From the
point of view of the organization as a whole, consolidated appraisal data can form a
picture of the overall demand for training. This data may be analyzed by variables
such as gender, department, etc. In this respect, performance appraisal can provide a
regular and efficient training needs audit for the entire organization.
Employee Evaluation
Though often understated or even denied, evaluation is a legitimate and major
objective of performance appraisal. But the need to evaluate (i.e., to judge) is also an
prevent recency error, give employees feedback throughout the year and
consistently document informal feedback and commendations, as well as
disciplinary warnings and corrective action.
Poor Preparation
Supervisors must prepare well in advance for the formal appraisal meeting with an
employee. A performance appraisal can directly impact an employee's career,
lifestyle and job satisfaction; therefore supervisors must spend the time and effort to
prepare a well thought out and accurate review.
Preparing for the appraisal meeting includes reviewing the employee's job
description, personnel file and anything else related to the employee's work history
and performance. Supervisors who do not adequately prepare for performance
appraisals are doing a disservice to employees and the employer if problems
subsequently persist and stellar achievements fail to be rewarded.
Communication Problems
The purpose of the Performance appraisal process is to judge the performance of the
employees rather than the employee. The focus of the system should be on the
development of the employees of the organization.
Lack of competence
Top management should choose the raters or the evaluators carefully. They should
have the required expertise and the knowledge to decide the criteria accurately. They
should have the experience and the necessary training to carry out the appraisal
process objectively.
Resistance
The appraisal process may face resistance from the employees and the trade unions
for the fear of negative ratings. Therefore, the employees should be communicated
and clearly explained the purpose as well the process of appraisal. The standards
should be clearly communicated and every employee should be made aware that
what exactly is expected from him/her.
For this, the post- appraisal interview should be arranged soon after the appraisal process is
over as the interview will be less effective if the time gap between the two is more.
The participants in this interview are the concerned employee and his supervisor. The
purpose of such interview is to give details of the appraisal made and also to motivate and
guide the employee for self- improvement and self-development.
This interview should be arranged soon after the completion of appraisal work so that the
feedback supplied to the employee will be fresh and also useful to him. If such interview is
not arranged the appraisal will serve only administrative purpose but the more important
purpose of self- improvement of the employee will be neglected. This suggests the
importance of post appraisal interview hitch need to be conducted in a proper atmosphere
and also in the sprite of cooperation and understanding. It should not be a mere
formality.
Chapter 4
Analysis and Interpretation
75% of the employees have been in the organization have been working
for more than 5 years. 20% of the employees have been working for
around 3 to 5 years while only 5% people worked for less than 3 years.
Working Environment
Genuinity of Appraisals:
Duration of Appraisals:
All the employees agree that they are involved in the appraisal process in
the organization.
80% of the employees agree that they are given the right to appraise
their superiors while 20% do not agree.
Bias in appraisals:
90% of the employees do not think that their superiors are biased
towards them in appraisals while 10% think otherwise.
Method of appraisal:
90% employees think that 360 degree appraisal method which the
company adopts is appropriate while 10% do not think so.
90%
employees
think
that
they
are
able
to
contribute
to
the
Findings:
Majority employees are of the view that the 360 degree appraisal is
the appropriate method of appraising as the chances of favoritism
are less in this method. The remaining employees think that this
method is not wholly fool proof.
Most of the employees are satisfied as they think they are able to
contribute to the organizational success in some way or other
through
their
participation
in
the
appraisal
process
in
the
The
post
performance
interviews
are
conducted
to
guide
Chapter 5
Conclusion
Performance Appraisal is implemented so that the employees identify themselves with the
job and organization and this leads to improved motivation and enhanced task performance.
Participation in the appraisal process leads to reduced conflicts and stress, more commitment
to goals, better acceptance of results, and improved communication. It is not difficult to
explain why participation in the appraisal process motivates. It is almost a matter of
commonsense that human beings will take greater pride and pleasure in their work if they
are allowed participatory freedom in appraising their superiors and peers and will assure
them that are considered as assets in the organization.
Recommendations:
After the standards are communicated the factors on which the employees will be
rated should also be clearly stated to the employees. This will prevent them from
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
The concepts were referred from:
WEBILIOGRAPHY
www.hrm guide.com
www.hr-topics.com
www.spendloversearch.org.
ANNEXURES
QUESTIONNAIRE
Annually
Do you think the superiors are biased towards you while appraising your
performance?
Yes
No
Do you the 360 degree appraisal method adopted by your company appropriate?
Yes
No
Do you think that you are able to contribute to the organizational success through
your participation in the performance process?
Yes
No