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Example 1
A centrifugal pump has a 100 mm diameter suction pipe and a 75 mm diameter delivery
pipe. When discharging 15 l/s of water, the inlet water mercury manometer with one
limb exposed to the atmosphere recorded a vacuum deflection of 198 mm; the mercury
level on the suction side was 100 mm below the pipe centerline. The delivery pressure
gauge, 200 mm above the pump inlet, recorded a pressure of 0.95 bar. The measured in
put power was 3.2 kW. Calculate the pump efficiency. (See fig.1)
Solution;
Manometric head = rise in total head
Hm
p
p2 V22
V2
z 1 1
g 2 g
g 2 g
p2
0.95 *10.198 9.65m of water
g
V2 3.39m / s;
V22
0.588m
2g
V12
0.186m
2g
Then Hm 9.69 0.588 0.2 - (-2.793 0.186) 13.09m
output power gQHm( watts )
Efficiency ( )
input power
3200( watts )
3.2 0.015 13.09
V1 1.91m / s;
Fig 1.
Discharge (l/s)
Total head (m)
Overall efficiency
(per cent)
0
45
10
44.7
20
43.7
30
42.5
40
40.6
50
38
60
35
70
31
35
50
57
60
60
53
40
Solution;
At 60 l/s, total head = 35.0 m, therefore the sum of the static lift and pipeline losses
must not exceed 35.0 m.
Try 300 mm diameter: A=0.0707 m2
Re = 2.25*100000 ; k/D = 0.0005
V=0.85 m/s
=0.019= f
2
Friction head loss 0.019 10000 0.85 23.32m
0.3 19.62
V=0.624 m/s;
=0.0185
Hf=10.48m;
hm
10 0.624 2
0 .2 m
19.612
0
30
10
27.5
44
20
23.5
58
30
17
50
40
7.5
18
Solution;
The system curve is computed as in the previous examples; this is, of course ,
independent of the pump characteristics. Calculated system heads (H) are tabulated
below for discrete discharges (Q)
H HsT h f hm
Q (l/s)
H (m)
10
16.53
20
20.8
30
27.37
40
36.48
Example 4
A laboratory test on a pump revealed that the onset of cavitations occurred at a
discharge of 35 l/s, when the total head at inlet was reduced to 2.5m and the total head
across the pump was 32 m. Barometric pressure was 760 mm Hg and the vapor pressure
17 mm Hg. Calculate the Thoma cavitation number. The pump is to be installed in a
situation where the atmospheric pressure is 650 mm Hg and water temperature 10C
(Vapor Pressure 9.22 mmHg) to give the same total head and discharge. The losses and
velocity head in the suction pipe are estimated to be 0.55 m of water. What is the
maximum height of the suction lift?
Solution;
H suc 2.5m H suc
pv
2.5 0.23 2.27
2.27
0.071
32
p 5 V52
p
V2
z 5 hL 1 1 z1
2g
2g
p5
p
p
V2
p
v 1 v z 5 z1 5 hL NPSH
2g
0.55
p
p
z 5 z1 1 v 0.55 NPSH 8.84 0.1254 0.55 2.27 5.89m
Example 4
The pump of Fig 4a.is placed in a 10-in- diameter pipe (f=0.020), 1300 ft long, which is
used to lift water from one reservoir to another. The difference in water surface
elevations between the reservoirs fluctuates from 20ft to 100ft. Plot a curve showing
delivery rate versus water surface elevation difference. Plot also the corresponding
efficiencies. The pump is operated at a constant speed of 1450 rpm. Neglect minor
losses.
Solution;
Plot the pump characteristic curve and pipe system curves for a variety of zs.
z,ft
20
40
60
80
100
110
Q, gpm
2500
2320
2100
1860
1350
940
efficiency, %
68
76
81
84
77
66
Example 5
Suppose a pump is to pump water at a head of 130ft, the water temperature being
100F and the barometric pressure being 14.3 psia. At intake the pressures is a vacuum
of 17 in Hg and the velocity is 12 fps. What are the values of NPSH and ?
Solution;
NPSH p s abs / Vs2 / 2 g p v /
p s abs
p v / 135 / 62 2.18 ft
Example 6
A pump is delivering 7500 gpm of water at 140 F at a head of 240 ft, and the
barometric pressure is 13.8 psia. Determine the reading on a pressure gage in inches of
mercury vacuum at the suction flange when cavitation is incipient. Assume the suction
pipe diameter equals 2 ft and neglect the effects of prerotation. Take c=0.085
Solution;
p s abs / Vs2 / 2 g p v / / h
let p gage pressure at suction flange
p s abs p atm p 13.8 p
Example 7
or 4.88 in Hg vacuum
Water is being pumped from a reservoir to the top of a hill, where it is discharged, as
shown in Fig. The pump, which is 70 % efficient, is rated at 150kW. Find the flow rate
at which water is being discharged from the pipe. Neglect minor losses
Solution;
p1 / V12 / 2 g z1 E p p 2 / V 22 / 2 g z 2 h L
500
V2 Q /
1000
/ 4 5.093Q
h L h f f L / D V 2 / 2 g
Assume
500
2
2
f 0.018, hL 0.018 975 /
5.093Q) / 2 * 9.807 46.42Q
1000
.
0 0 111 .0 10.725 / Q 0 5.093Q) 2 / 2 * 9.807 150.2 46.42Q 2
This solution was based on the assumed value of f of 0.018. However, the value of f is
dependent on the Reynolds number and relative roughness. Therefore a new value of f
should be determined based on the computed value of Q of 0.254 m3/s.
/ D 0.00030 / 500 / 1000 0.00060
From Fig, f=0.018. Hence, the computed flow rate of 0.254 m3/s is correct.
Example 8
Oil with a specific gravity of 0.87 is being pumped from a lower reservoir to an
elevated tank as shown in Fig. The pump in the system is 78% efficient and is rated at
185 KW. Determine the flow rate of the oil in the pipe if the total head loss from point 1
to 2 is 12 of oil.
Solution;
p1 / v12 / 2 g z1 E p p 2 / v 22 / 2 g z 2 hL
p1 / p 2 / v 22 / 2 g 0
z1 150m
z 2 200m
hL 12m
16.94 / Q