BOOK OF TRAC T S,

TBB ORIGIN A..NI> PROGRBSS;

CRUELTIBS; FRA.UDS j

SUPBRSTITIONS; MIRA.CLBS; CBBBMONIBS;

JDOLA.TROUS C11STOMS, . &:C.
or

THE CHURH OF ROME:

WJTB ,. IUCCll'IOT ACCOUNT or

TBE RISE AND PROGRESS OF

THE JESUITS ;
1'rl'II OTD1l INS'l'RU(,TIVE AND INTERESTING MA TTJ!lL

CIAallPVl,t.1' OOIIPILaD PaOII THa IIOIT AtJTBBNTIO 801JRCU, VXDU

THB DIR80TION OP THa

.Ameriou J'rot..tut Sooiety.

" And I berd anolher voice from Reuen oafin, Come out of ber my
-.,te, tbatJt be not pe.rtakere of ber oina ,oc1.11a&t ye ,ecfive not 01 br
---,
.
... 4.
,,.,....... KeY. nm.
, ...
; .. : .. \.,:."

:1 ..

.........

>: .....
'. ... .. .

NEW-YORKi'; ..
Pt1BLl8HED Br.

---

..

... "' ,

TBE AMERICAN AND FOREIGN . CH.lj:,'f11t 1'.rn1ci1,

-- ... ; _.,,,.

D. Faul111r, Print. 35,Ann-l\. oor. o{ 'Nu-.

..

1856.
,.

PREFACE.
The statement made in the first part of the fol
lowing pages, with regani to the Rise and Progresa
o( Popery, and the rnonstrous dogmas that were pro.
pagated in the Dark Ages, are authenticated by Ro.
mi.sh as well as Protestant writers. Nothiog hu
been advanced that is not founded on the most un.
questiooable evidence of standard historians.
Many of the materiais were already furnished
to tbe compiler's hand; these he had to abridge
and arrange, and some more he has added to com
plete bis task. His object has been to exhibit Po
pery in a full-length portrait. without distortion, that
IIO its native ugliness may be made manifest to the
reader, who may be at first attracted by its mere
tricious ornamenta, its plausible pretences, ita se.
ductive promises, and ita daring claims.
There are some in the present day, 80 devoid o(
religious principle-eo perfectly indferent to the
unspeakable value of the doctrines which the Re.
formen eealed with their blood-eo utterly careless
wbether P.rotestant truth or Popish error gain the
'

IV,

PJlBFA.CB,

ascendency-so mized up with Romanists in po

litical and selfish concerns-that the minister who
dares to lift his voice in the cause that engaged the
energies of Luther, and Calvin, and Knox, is branded
as an intolerant o.nd illiberal bigot. If the prophet
Daniel were now to prophesy, by all such persons
he would be esteemed a bigot; for he testified of
the idolatry and persecution of Babylon. Tha
Apostle Paul, too, would be reckoned most ver
satile and uncharitable; for, while in one part of
bis writings he says, he would " become all things
to all mcn, that by all means he might save
aome,"-yet in another place, he strenuously
urges Timothy, in the midst of his other labours, to
wam the brethren concerning the apostacy that was
toarise-to guard them o.gainst those who would "de.
part from the faith-forbidding to marry, and com
manding to abatain from meau." If the great
Apostle of the Gentiles were to use such phrase.
ology nov,.a,day,, he would be branded as an un
refined and illiberal declaimer: yet these are the
toordl and the ,entiment.s uttered under the inspira.
tion of the HoLY GuosT.
The reader will here be able to judge of the Ca.
tholic religion from its general character-its op
position to the Bible, its domineering spirit, its re
sistance of liberty in every form and shape, its bur.
densome rites and ceremonies, its ridiculous mummeries, impostures, and insults to common sense,
" '

PKEFACE.

T.

its pride, covetousness, and wickedness, 1ts idolatry

and blasphemy. He will see in fact that Popery is
not Christianity-not the mild, merciful, humbling,
sanctifying, rational religion of Christ; in fine,
that the doctrines and spirit, maxims and practices
of Popery, are as far removed from the religion of
Jesus Christ, as sin is from holiness, mammon from
God, and hell from heaven.
At'a time when Popery is making much noise in
the world, and stalking through the breadth and
length of our own land, the reader ought to. know
what it is, without being obliged to listen to the se
ductive invitation, <"Cme and see ;" and to know
that, while its words are smooth as oil, war is in its
heart against all that can promote the mental,
moral, civil, political, and eternal well-being of man.
lts outside is, indeed, dazzling, having all the pomp
that charms the eye, but its inside is llfull of dead
men's bones and all uncleanness." It has a ser
pent's splendid dress, but it also wears a serpent's
sting.
Many persons there are, who suppose the terms
Popish, Papal, and Romish, should be avoided.
But in all cases where those terms are introduced,
it is done without any intention of wounding the
feelings of a single member of that communion.
And, though the phrase &man Catholic is occa.
sionally used, it is really a contradiction in terms;
for with as much propriety we might say, Protes.

tant Catholic. No enlightened Protestant should

concede to the Church of Rome the epithet of Ca.
tholic, because there are whole nations in Africa
and Asia where Popery is unknown. And, if su.
periority in numbers be any test of Catholicity,
tbere are different countries even in Europe, severa)
states in America, and groups of islands in the
Pacific Ocean, where Protestantism migbt trium.
phantly claim the title of a Catholic Church.
This little book is now published, to offend
neither Jew nor Gentile, nor the Church of God.
Every Tract has been compiled under a aolemn
eornnctio,i oJ iu tndh; and it is now committed to
Him who can make weakest instrumentality
eftctual in destroying lerror, promoting scriptural
bowledge, and advancmg bis glory in the world.

RISE AND PROGRESS

or

POPERY.
".A.Pr&R lhis J nw in the night Yiaiona, and behold a fourtb beaat,
tlreadful and terrible, and atrong exceedingly; and it had great iron
teeth: it devoored and brake in piecea, aod atamped the re11due with
tb.e feet fl it: and it was dlvers from ali the beast1 that were before
it; and it had t.en horna. 1 conaidered the boroa, and, bebold, there
eame
arnong them another little horn, before wbom there were
tbree o lhe lirot born plucked up by lhe roota: and, behold, in tbis
born were eyea like tbe eyes of man, and a mouth apeoking great
thinga. 1 bebeld them, because of the voi<'e of the great worda which
lhe horn apake : 1 beheld even till lhe beast waa 1ain, and bi1 body
cle1uoyed and given to the burninc llame. Then I woqld know lho
truth of the fourth beaat, which waa diverse frorn aU the other,, ex
ceeding dreadfl, whoae tt>:eth were of iront and hia naila of brUI ;
which devoured, biake in picce1, and atemrd the reaidoe withit feet;
and of the ten born1 that were in hia bead, and o( the oth-.,hicb
camo ap, and before wbom three fell; even of that horn that had eyeo,
and a mouth that apak" very ,:reat thrng, whose look waa more atout
than hia.felJows. And the ten horna out of tbia kin1dom are ten kmel
that ohall aris,: and another ohall riH after lhem: IUld be 1hail 6o
diYene from the lirat. and he ahall aubdue three kingw. And he 1hall
opeak great worcl1 againat the mo1t Hieh and ho.11 wear ot the oaint1
of lhe mo11 HiJh, and lhink to eha111e timeo and lawa: ..,d they 1hall
be_given into h1 hand, until a time and timea and the dividio1 of time."
-D.LIIISL vii. 7, 8, li, 19, 20, 24, 26.
"Now we beeech you, bretbren, by the ct>ming of the Lo.rd Jeape
Chriat, and by our gathering toa:ether unt1> bim, that ye be not soou
abaken in minei, or be troubled, neitber by opirit, nor by word, nor hy
Jetter aa from 111, ao that the day of Chriot 11 at band. Lei no man
cloceiYo roa by any mean1: for lhat "1.y Bholl not - "cept ero
come a Call.inc away firat, and that man of ain be reveaied, the aon of
perdition ; who npJ>0141th and exallllh himnlf abo..., ali thatia called
Oocl, or lhat is worohipHd ; 10 that he, ao God, 1ittetll in lhe temei
o( God, obewinc himlf lhat he is God. For tbe myote of iniqutty
ioda already work: onlr he wbo JU>W lette\ll will \.i,uu\M I,,.

'f

JtlSE AND PROGRESS

out of the way. And then ohall that Wicked be revesled, whom lhe
Lord sball consume with tbo 1pirit of bi1 mouth, and hall de1tro7
witb lhe bricbtn... of bi1 comine."-2 Ta11u. il. 1-4, 7, 8.

WE have commenced with two passages of

Scripture, because they reflect light on each other
-the words of Paul serving as a key to open the
meaning of the words of Daniel-and both are
supposed by all judicious commentators, to be
descriptive of the rise and progress of the Pa
pacy, of the " wound which the beast received"
by the Protestant Reformation, and of the total
overthrow which yet awaits that monstrous system
of oorruption. Indeed, it is a settled and solemn
conviction of our mind, that the prophet and
apostle both point out the doom that awaits the
Church of Rome, as "the man of sin," and "son
of perdition." lt is not our design, formally, to
illustrate either of these passages, but in the
aketch of ecclesiastical history which shall be pre
sented to the reader, thre will, we. think, be a
mal)fest developement of the worda of the text.
lt is necessary, however, to make an introduc
tory bservation on that. passage of Scripture
taken from the writings of Paul, in consequence
of the unscriptural ideas of some misguided per
sons, who say, that "the world is nearly at an
end-that all God's dispensations to the church
are just about to terminate-that every thing in
Zion is becoming worse and worse, and that evon
our missionary operationa for extending Christ's
kingdom, are only the fruits of a self-righteous
and pharisaic spirit."
ln the days of the apostle
there were also some who either misunderstood
or wilfully misinterpreted a sentiment in bis fust

OI' l'OPEILT

letter to the Thessalonians, that " the day of the

Lord was coming as a thief in the night ;" and
from a false view of these words they so far de
luded certain members of that church, as to make
them cease from their ordinary avocations, and in
idle contemplation, expeet the sudden dissolution
of the world. The apostle, in the second verse
of the text, corrects thia great mi1take, and in
treata tbo1e peraons to let no false teacher deceive
them ; for that " th day of the Lord shall not
come, exeept these come a falling away fim;"
that is, till a great spiritual apostacy appear in
the churcb. And to those in the present day who
talk about the end of the world being at hand,
'We would aimply reply, that while the hour of
eaoh man's death is to him utterly uncertain, and
may be audden and unexpected, yet the diBBolu
tion of the world cannot take place till this apo1tacy be consumed by the brightnes11 of Christ's
coming, or till this Gospel be first preached in all
the nations of the earth.
Witbout further introductory bservations, we
shall take a survey of the RIBE and PROGRE88 of
this "mystery of iniquity," that the reader may
see the absolute necessity which existed for a tho
rough reformation of religion.
ln the days of the apostle, every ordinance of
tbe Gospel was marked with a simplicity and pu
rity, that form a moumful contrast to the corrupt
system of 1uperstition that afterwards ob.cured
the glory of Zion. And whether you consider the
purity of her doctrines, the amazing zeal, and hu
mility, and laboriousness of the apostles, or the
success that attended them in their disinterested
career, you are induced to exclaim in th \)ea\l.\\

10

JUSB AJID PllOGJI.E88

ful words of Solomon, that she "looked forth as

the moming, fair as the sun, clear as the moon,
and terrible as an army with banners." The re
ligious intrepidity of the first Christians is evinced
by the multitudes who suffered for the truth, un
der the reign of those bloody monsters, Nero, and
Domitian, and Trajan. ln that age, God raised up
Polycarp nd Ignatius, with a bright constellation
of the early fathers; and by the exertions of
these servants of Christ, his Gospel spread, so
early as the second century, to the very extremity
of Europe. ln France, Christianity was professed
by a large proportion of the population. The ci
ties of Lyons and Vienne were diatinguished by
flourishing churches but the persecution that
burst forth against them has not been exceeded,
for the sa vage ferocity of its promoters on the one
hand, or the faithful endurance of suffering on the
other. We learn from a letter preserved by Eu
sebius, the ecclesiastical historian, that the Chris
tians were prohibited from appearing in baths, in
the market, or in any public place whatever.
They were assaulted by the people at large
shouts, blows, the dragging of their bodies, the
plundering of their goods, and the casting of
atones, were meekly bome, with all the indignities
that may be expected from a fierce and outrage
ous multitude. The fury of the governor and the
soldiers was directed against those who were pre
eminent in piety. The most barbarous indignities
were infiicted upon S.owTUs, a deacon, to induce
him to renounce the name of Jesus; and under
very intense sufferings, he displayed the spirit of
bis crucified Master, by uniformly and calmly re
plying to every question put to him by his tormen-

OJ' POPEII.Y,

li

tors-" I am a Christian." Provoked by J,hi1

meekness to a greater degree of cruelty, they ap
plied red-hot plates of iron to the most tender
paris of his body, till he was covered with sores,
acarcely retaining the _appearance of the human
form. BLANDIN.& 1 a female, weak in body, but
atrong in faith, suffered unparlleled barbarities.
She was fastened to a stake, and a wild beast wa1
let looae upon her, but the animal, more merciful
thau her persecutors, it is said, was restrained
from touching her. Suspended afterwards in the
form of a cross, she was engaged in vehement
aupplication ; and contrary to the expetations of
the heathen, the sight reminded her fellow-sufler
ers of Him who hung on Calvary, and inspired
them with the greatest fortitude, having been
taken down, she was scourged, and placed in a
hot iron chair-then put into a net and exposad to
a buli; and after beingttossed about for some
&une she was dispatched with a sword 1 1
But in the midst of all this cruelty the word of
the Lord had free course, and was glorified. The
bush was burning, and still was not consumed.
lt was then true of the Christian, as it had been
formerly of the Jewish church,-the more it waa
oppressed, the more exceedingly it multiplied.
Men of all ranks joined the persecuted followers
of the Lamb; till at last, about the year 1313,
Constantine the Great was numbered among the
splendid and bloodless trophies of Christianity.
1'he purity of bis motives in embracing the
Christian religion, has been frequently called in
question. The cause assigned for the emperor's
change, is, I acknowledge too romantic for my
implicit faith. Marching from Franee to \\u'h

12

RISE AND PROGRESil

on a warlike expedition, which filled him witb

much anxiety, it is said that he felt it neceBS&ry
to have the protection of some god, and that for
many reasons he preferred the God of the Chris
tians. He wanted some si gn, however, to con
vince him of the existence and favour of Irruna
nuel and after eamest prayer, be saw in a
cloudless sky the luminous appearance of a cross,
higher than the sun, marked with tbe inscription
-" By this conquer I" It is no evidence of a
aceptical mind to doubt the truth of such a rela
tion, or that it was the cause of his embracing the
Christian religion. His sincerity in doing so may
be unquestionable, without resorting to this extra
ordinary exhibition as its cause ; but it cannot be
denied that it was his interest to countenance tbe
Christians, and gain their assistance in the war
he bad undertaken : f at that time, in many
provinces, they outnuribered the heathens--and
the temples of idolatry were deserted by im
mense masses of people, who had sufficient phy
sical force to tum the fortune of war in favour of
the emperor. This change in his religious views
produced a thorough revolution in the ecclesiasti
cal aft"airs of the whole Roman empire. He and
his . mother Helena, espoused the cause of the
" J\ew religion,11 with all the zeal of young pro
selytes. The temples dedicated. to the heathen
gods were converted into Christian churches--the
wealth of heathenism was poured with an un
sparing hand into the lap of Christianity,;._the
bloody horrors of persecution were changed for
the smiles of imperial favour-and instead of th'3
sighs and sufferings of dying martyrs, the mina-

o, POPU.1'.

18

tera of Chriat mingled in the spleodid procea

aiona of their royal converl
ln the midst of thia brilliant acene, however
the religion of our Saviour WJll retarded and
obscUJ1ed. The doctrines of Scripture were cor
rupted by an admixture of heathenish error ; pu
rity of Christian principle and conduct was pol
luied by the infiuence of courtly licentiousneas i
aod the glory of apostolic Christianity was sullie<t
by a carnal and ambitious spiril Before this pe
riod the church and state had been completely
separate ; nay, the state had exerted all its energy
to root the sainta of God out of the land ; and
yet, when the civil power was at war with the
churoh, and opposed all her interests, her doe
trines were most pure, her ministers were most tri
umphantly successful, and the faith of her mar
tyn firm as the everlasting mouotains. But oow
Constantine altered the frame-work of the church,
changed her poverty into gorgeous magnificeoce ;
and from thiil period we may write lcnABoD on
her walla, for the glory was departing from
larael.
During tbe three first ceoturies, when poverty
and penecution were attendaots on the ininisters
oC religioo, and wealth and worldly honour were
unknown to them, no one presumed to " lord it
6ver God's hertage ;";_it was not yet forgotten
that Jesus had reprehended the ambitious spirit
of Zebedee's children, who thirsted for an exalted
ltation in bis kingdom-had designated bis apo
tlea " brelhre"'," eqtt,a/, in ran.k aiul autkority ;
and in the eotire compass of revelation had given
no sanction to those semi-barbarous titles--Pope,
and Cardinal, t.hat were aubstituted fot th. N..e

Testament namea of "Bishop, Evangeliat, Pastor,

and Teacher." ln those early ages of the church,
it is almost univeraally ()onceded that the laity
took a prominent part in all her deliberation&
that, as the whole body of the people elected
Matthias aucceasor to Judas (Acts i. 15, 23, 26.)
-and, as the "whole multitude "chose the seven
deacons, (Acts vi. 5, 6.) whom they set before
the apostles for ordination-so the people still
chose their bishops as overseers, or ministers of the
church : but, when those ministera were enriched
by a misguided emperQr, and became bloated with
luxury, a.nd giddy with courtly splendour and ap
plause, they then, for the first time, invaded that
independence which Christ had bequeathed to ali
the faithful members of Zion; and, with a haughty
and tyrannical hand drove the laity from all share
in the administration of ecclesiasticai affairs.
.The reign of spiritual despotism then commenced
in all its rigour ; and a few facts in the history of
aucceeding centuries, will reveal with increasing
olearness the "mystery of iniquity," which was
then exhibited to the world.
To establish himself more firmly on the throne,
Constantine made. several changes in the form of
the Roman govemment. He created four Prd.
torian Prafects, aa deputies under him in the
management of state affairs ; and; as the minis
ters of religion had lost the inflexibility of principle
that once signalized their predecessor,, they al
lowed him to bend and mould them into a fonn
exactly suited to the civil constitution. Hence he
created four prelates, whom he invested with an
unscriptural authority over all their brethem in
fbs oDic of the miniatry. Then venial aspirant,

OF POPRILY.

15

after mitred honours, he placed in tbe chief citie1

of the empire ; and different creatures of 'his will
he placed as exarchs and archbishops in regular
gradations beneath them. ln these appointments
which issued not from Calv!lry, but from Rome
not from Jesus, but from Constantine-the prelate
of the "imperial city" stood preerninent. Several
causes contributed to clothe him with this su
periority. He conducted the services of religion
in a building that was exceedingly magnificent in
ita architectural proportions-his style of living
became proverbially sumptuous ; and a springtide
of wealth poured in to him from every quarter.
The whole Christian world, forgetful of the true
nature of religious dignity, was dazzled with the
splendour of the bishoprick of Rome. It became
the object of attraction to avaricious ecclesiastics;
and hence, at the death of Liberius in the fourth
century, the moat violent commotions took place,
at the election of a successor to fill the golden
eminence. One party elected Damascus, and
another faction chose Ursicinus; and by a hloody
a.s1acre, they sanctimoniously decided on a suit
able andidate for the vacant see. From that
time till the present, the "chair 1 of St. Peter" ( as
it is falsely styled,) surrounded as it is by wealth
f and regai distinction, and the slavish submission
of a deluded multitude, has been sought after,
with all the intri gue and ambition that such a
tempting object could present, to a priesthood who
had lost the humility and spirituality of the' apostles of our Lord.
Between the four prelates appointed by Con
ltantine, nd placed in Rome, Constantinople,
Antioch, and Alexandria, there wu io\\\\I;)'\\\

16

B.SE AJID PB.OOB.ES8

tition for superiority ; but in the race for preferment

the two formar gained the ascendency : and then,
between these two ecclesiastical combatants &
deadly struggle took place for the impious distinc
tion of visible head of the church, and vicar of
Christ on earlh.
These contentions frequently
convulaed the empire to its centre ; and thougb
ihe bishop of Roma obtained tbe suprema object
of'bia ambition, yet the dispute, at last, terminated
in the schi,m which, to the preael\t time, haa
1eparated 'the Greek and Latin, or the Eastem
and Westem churcbes. lt is mournfully intereat
ing to trace the ateps by wbieh he, whom I may
aow style the Ro11AN PONTIFF1 raised bimaelf to
lm accursed elevation. Phocu, a Roman cen
mrion, wbo, about the year 603, had inhumanly
mardered Maaritiua the emperor, wth bis five
ehiidren, and waded thro11gb their blood to the
imperial throne,-knowing that the influenee o
the bishop of Rome was neceasary to support hi1
pretenilions to the sovereign authority, oonferred
upon Bonifaee III. the title of u11iver,al bi,lwp.
De graded as were the churches of Christendom,
even then, there waa a general feeling of indigna
tion at the blasphemous assumption. The lrish,
English, and Scotch, resisted his authority with
all their national energy-France and Spain only
partially submitted to the spiritual tyrant-even
m ltaly his pretensions were despised-and against
bis lordly ambition, universal diuatiafaction was
murrriured throughout all Europe.
Ahout the year 751 1 another remarkable event
was permitted to occur in the providence of God,
which still more glaringly exhibits this persoQage
BII tbe Antichr.iat of Scripture.
The circumstance

01' POPBB.r.

17

is related by Roman Catholic, as well as Prote..

tant historians. Cbilderio III., king of France,
was not a man of strong intellect ; and Pepin, the
mayor of bis palace, was virtually tht'I ruler of the
kingdom. Dissatisfied however, with discharging
the duties, without enjoying the honours, of bis
royal master, be fornied the ambitious desi gn of
nsurping the suprema authority.
To give a
colouring of justice to this detestable project, tbe
states of the realm were convoked ; and they
decided on consulting the bishop of Rome, to
whom the ambassadors of Pepin presented the
following question-" Whether the divine law did
not permit a valiant and warlike people to de
throne a pusillanimous and indolbt monarcb,
who was incapable of discharging any of the func
tions of royalty, and to substituta in bis place one
more worthy to rule, and who bad already ren
dered most important services to the state 'l"
Zachary then sat in tbe papal cbair. H11. forgot
tbe conduct of Cbrist, wbo, wben requested to
use his infl.uence for tbe division of an inheritance
between two brethren, replied, " Man, who made
me a judge r a divider over you 'l" (Luke xii. 14.)
that is, as tbe Head of tbe churcb, my business
ia not with temporal, but witb spiritual concerna.
To advance bis own carnal views, bowever, the
infallible oracle of Rome gave the unpriricipled
anawer, that the reigning monarch might be dt
tArone. Childeric was, in consequence, stripped
of his royal robes, and Pepin crowned in bis
atead ; and to consecrate the wicked deed, two
pretended vicegerenta of a holy Saviour mecessive
ly anointed. the u,11,rper as the rigbtful possessor
of the throne. The feature1 o( .A:n\ic\u\1.\ u,

18

B.ISE AllD PJI.OGREIS

tbus frightfully discl01ed to yoar view ; you Ne

that ecclesiastical power, figuratively described by
Daniel, in my text, u a horn tbat had eye1,.and
a mouth " speaking very great things, and chang
ing time1 abd luva."
Pepin, feeling that he was in a great measure
indebted to the influence of the Pope for his ele
vation to the throne, rewarded bis corrupt venality
by conferring on him the exarchate of Ravenna;
having first wr1ted it from Aistulpbus, one of the
kings of the Lombarda. And here observe tbe
verification of Daniel vii. 8 1 when one of the three
boms, or kingdoms, was plucked up by the roote,
or tom from its real J)QSS6SSor, and given over to
the '' little M>m," or the growing power of the
Roman pontifi'. One of the kings of Lombardy,
whose predecessor had thus been robbed of bis .
throne, attacked tbe poP.9 to regain posses1ion of
bis territories. Charlemagne, the son of Pepin,
who was superstitiously attacbed to the pope, en
tered ltaly with a formidable army--overturoed
the power of tbe Lombards-and either as an act
of policy, or to atone for the ains of hi1 past life,
gave Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, and other districts
to Adrian 1. ; and thu1, tbe second of tbe
three boms, or kingdoms, spoken of by Daniel,
was . plucked up by the roots, aad added to what
ia falsely styled the patrimony of Sl Peter.
But tbe citnl power of the Romao metropolia,
and its adjacent territories, was still in the banda
oC the emperor, and the pope was merely a de
puty in the management of political affairs. Be
si.des, the emperor had a veto on the appointment
of the pontf, till about the year 876. Charles
&he Bald ceded thia imperial right ; and eitber

u, or

lt

hil predeoeuor Loui., Ttlttd in tbe Por,

aatlaority OTlf the Rot1111f1 11114111 not only in IJ)U
tul, but 1,111ptw.Z
By \hi1 aot, the lalt ol
the tAr11
wa1 pluclml up ; and tbe bi1hop
of Rome 1tood forth to tbe world, in ,,., tlot.bh
e.nd 111on1w0tti OWCIOlcr of a temporal prince, uul
pretended Ticar of Chri1t on the earth.
Notwithatandin thi1 fiill revelation of tbt
"my1tery of iniqwty''-thi1 litoral fullment of
the propbeoit1 in the text-thi1 palpable proof
tbat the Roman pontf il tbe .Antiohr11t of Sorip
ture--ret the nation1 were too b11ottod to reli1t
hil 1p1ritual dt1pntiam. Robbed univoraally oC
the word of God livin1 under a reirn of darlmo11
that mi1bt be fo!t, theH arbitrary tyrantl wielded
an unlimited 1way ovor pro1trate Europe. Dw-
inr the dark 111 the rovornment of everr Euro
pean kingdom lay at their feet, and exaltel rulen
trembled before them. They tben a1urped the
nry plaoe of Goci himaelf-they rai1ed up one
" frorn the dungbil11 and 1et bim on tbe throne oC
l"inoea," and oalt tbe ri,rhtful monaroh down, aac1
abaolved hi1 111bjeot1 from all allegianoe. Anel
if there were no otber 1ro1Uld for a reformation ia
1eli1ion, thil carnal power and lordlf dominatiora
ol tbe pOJM!dom i1 amply 111flloient. lt1 oharao-
wr, a1 a civil and eoolelialtioal powH in unohau
tiaa oombination, i1 diametrioally oppond to tbe
ooadact of tbe lowly_ Jeaut, who, when an isno
nnt multitude woald Coroe bim to beoome their
king, inttead of reoeivinr tbe bonaur like tbe un
,bitio111 " departed in&o a mouataill br
himHlf dane,' John vi. llS.
But the .arol "MNltr of the Romim oltl'ff
fmma otber nerwbtlmia1 upme11t for III eo-

"""

!'"

RISE AND PROGRESS

clesiastical change.
Roman Catholic as well aa
Protestant historians, unanimously testify, that
tbeir lives were, before the Reformation, most dia
eolute and degraded.
ln Protestant churchee
there are, no doubt, cases of clerical immorality
which are exceeJingly to be deplored, because
they give reason to the scoft'er to speak reproacb
fully, and are amongst the greatest obstacles to
the prosperity of Zion. But cases of unsullied
morality among the clergy were nearly as remark
able then, as cases of profligacy now. Century
after century their vices rose in diagusting accu
mulation ; and the pages of history during the
dark ages, are polluted by the shocking recital of
their enormities.
Living in the splendour of
courts, and spending. their time in tbe grati6ca
tion of a lw:urioua indolence, tbey who should
have promoted every virtue, became moral nui
l&Dces in the domestic intercourse of life. The
country swarmed witb the apurioua offsprings of
ecclesiastics ; and the daughters of cardinals were
publicly and pompously united in marriage to the
sons of noblemen.
Hundreds of the most ex
alted personages, who had neither talent for the
cabinet, nor courage for the 6eld, entered into the
church, which they prostituted to the acquiaition
of wealth, and the grati6cation of tbe sinful pro,
pensities of fallen nature : and their children ill
the days of infancy, were nominated to the rich
eat bishopricks ; while, during their minority, the
parenta reaped the fruit of an accuraed simony.
lniquity semed to have risen to the highest pitch
in the papacy, during the pontificates of Julius II.,
and especially of Alexander VI., who has been
urmed a Nero amonpt the pea, for cruelty anel

o-,

POPDY.

21

immorality. His crimes were of a very revolting,

description; he trampled on all decency, and jus
tice, and religion, in providing for his numerou
progeny ; and he perished by unknowingly taking
a draught of poison, which had been prepared for
othera, by D1ffl infam""
C.t:SAR BoRGIA 11
The igMrame of te clergy was then also as
remarkable, as their profl.igacy waa disgusting.
When ecclesiastical benefices were openly put to
sa.le, or beatowed on the illiterate and unworthy
miniona of courtiers, we do not wonder that the
church waa defiled by ignorant and degraded
oharacrs. Many dignified eccleaiastics could
not aubscribe the canons of' those coancils in
wbich they sat as arbiters af the true faith ; and
leaming must have mnk to the lowest ebb, when
one of the queations put to candidates for holy or
den waa-" Whether they could read the Goa
pela and Epistlesf' And the great Alfred com
plained that from the Humber to the Thamea,
there was scarcely a priest who understood the
liturgy, or could translate the easiewt pieee 1,f
Latin into hia mother tongue. When ignorance
and profl.igacy thua went hand in hand, then were
the words of the prophet lsaiah literally fulfilled :
" We look for judgment, but there is none ; for
lalvation, but it is far off from us. ln transgres
ling and lying against the Lord, and departing
away from our God, conceiving and uttering from
the heart worda of falsehood. And judgment ia
tumed away backward, and justice standeth
ar off: for truth is fallen in the street, and
equity cannot enter. 'Yea, truth faileth ; and h
that departeth from evil maketh himself a prey,
lsaiah, lix. 11, 12. ln ,the midat. o{ m\'\U.\

'?li

--

B.ISE AND PROG.RESS

darkness that hung over the nation, any error

might then be unhlushingly promulgated j as the
people, and even a great proportion ofthe clergy,
were rohhed of the hook of God, the only infalli
ble test of divine truth: nay, the laity were rigid
ly watced lest they should even get into their
hands the catechisms that had heen composed
and approved hy the church. The p.riests took
away the key of knowledge, and buried it under
the ruhhish of ages, having set a seal to the en
trance of the temple of truth: and when a fam
iahed creature asked for bread, they cast him a
ltone-when he asked a fish they gave him a ser
pent. The gold, and silver, and precious stones,
were carried away from Jerusalem j and wood,
and hay, and stuhble, were piled in their stead.
Notwithstanding the boasted unity and purity of
the Romish Church ; yet from her bosom carne
forth the heresy of Arius, who denied the divinity
and atonement of the Lord Jesus, and held that
the Son was essentially inferior to God the Fa
ther ; and
the sixth century this error was la
mentahly prevalent in Europe, and Africa, and
Asia. ln the eighth century, the worship of
images was carried to the greatest excess; and
the controversy conceming it, not only rent the
church asunder, but spread ahroad civil dissen
tion ; producing devastation and death in severa!
quarters of the Roman empire. The- members
of the falsely-termed infallihle and united church
were ranged into two fierce parties, under leaders
determined to push the controversy to the most
violent cxtremities. The valiant Leo headed
those who opposed image-worship, and who were
tyled Iconoclasta,, becaQSe they considered it a

OI' l'Ol'BILY.

aacred duty to deatroy 1tatue1 and picturea, that

were the occasion of idolatry. The ringleadera
of the other faction were Popes Gregory II and
III., who taught the multitude to fali prostrate
before the dumb idols ; and were hence called
lconodnli, or lconolatne. When the haughty pon
tiff's failed in argument, they resorted to heartleu
and cold-blooded assassination. By a sentence of
papal excommunication fulminatd against Leo,
he was cut off from the rite1 of Christianity ; hi1
subjects, under the pain of eternal torment, were
commanded "to resist bis imperial authority, and
mnltitudes of exalted and enlightened persons in
liis dominions were massacred for their attachment
to Scriptural truth. But such was the over
whelming influence of superstition, that Beo, for
his opposition to idolatry, and his defence of thu
rational service of God, had a cup of poison
given to him by bis own wife, the bigoted Irene j
who, of course, according to the doctrine of the
times, believed that under such circumstances,
the murder Q her husband wu an acceptable
service.
ln the midnight of the dark ages, the monstrou1
doctrine of transubstantiation was established in
the Church of Rome. At the fourth Lateran
Council, assembled by Innocent III., in the year
1215, the seal of infallibility was set to the revolt
ing dlgma, that a poor sinfnl creature could tran
f substantiate a wafer into the body, blood, sonl,
and divinity of Him who hung on Calvary's crosa.
Thus a mock sacrifice must be daily offered by
the Romish priest, which virtually imputes imper
fection to the one, perfect 1acrifice of our redeemer.
Thua the laity are deludc,d by an u11.blood11 so.t'M.

JUSE UI> BOG.ILEU

j'tce, contrary to the words of tbe apostle-" Wi&h

out the shedding of blood there ia no remission :"
(Heb. ix. 22.) and if it be so infallibly right to
dhere to the leUer of Scripture with regard to
tbe eating of the bread, muat it not be infallibly
wrong to reject to tbe rinking of tlu cup, in thia
aolemn ordinance 1 Previoua to the thirteenth
ceutury, the barbaroua epithet, lra11111,bstantiatio11,
was unknown in the ecclesiastical world ; but ln
nocent, a bold innovator, attacked the liberty of
the Christian in bis aweetest communion with hi1
Lord-subetituted carnal sense for enlightened
faith-and was too blind to understand that the
worda of Jesus were " spirit and life." And when
such a tenet was submitted to by a degraded
people, it is not a matter of surprise, that the
11&1De pontiff, about the same time, could also suc
ce11folly introduce the novel and spurious ordi
nance of auricular confession to a priest. Before
tis period, the Romish clergy had fleeced the
couotry, 1WI of a, tenth, but o/ nearly one lialf, ite
riches; but by this enactment they entered into
the arcana of conscience, extorted the secret, of
men in all the relatione of life ; and not contented
with remitting merely eccleaiastical offences ac
oording to the command of Christ, they impious
ly raised their hands, to drag from bis throne the
Prince of Life, who only can give " repentance
to lllrael, and remiuion of sina."
e
But space would fail us to describe the rapid
progress of error in the dark ages. Like a down
ward torrent it dashed over every obstacle, and
barrenness and death marked its desolating
course. The tower of this Popish Babel was
nised to the clouds of heaven, and tbe indigna
\

_. l'OPRY

tion of the Almighty was ready to bunt upon its

builden. Tbe nations lost all senae of the true
Jmowledge of God-ritea and ceremonies, the
most revolting, were substituted for the doctrines
and duties of Chrisr.ianity-the iron yoke of apiri
toai despotism was galling the inmost IOUls of
men-and the moral wretchedneu of a ruined
church called for a great spiritual change.
We 1hall now ende4vour, in the 1eeo,u/, place,
to delineate tbat extraordinary change, the P1t0TESTANT REFORMATION.
The former darknesa and superstition were not
mori, manifestly from beneath, than this blessed
Reformation was, in its 1rfand outline, tbe design
and doing of the Lord. Let it not be supposed,
however; that there were no witnesses for the
truth of God-none to oppose the man of sin in
his diabolical career, till the sixteenlh century.
ln tbe darkest period of ecclesiastical history,
there were many valiant soldiers of the cross raised
up to testify against the prevailing eorruptions.
And when you are insultingly and ignorantly ask
ed, "Where was your religion before Luther'I"
-you may reply ; not merely in the word of God
and amongst the fathers of the tbree fst centu
ries; but it lived amidst the persecutions that
raged in afier ages, and it was borne up by the
groans and the shrieks, or the deathless fortitude .
W e are identified with tbe
of dying martyrs.
multitudes who, in Britain and Ireland, Franoe
and Italy, protestei. against the ambitious preten
aions of the Roman pontifr, as a secular prince
and universal bishop. We are willing to be clas
aed with Leo the lsaurian, and the tAotuand, in
hia day who were arsurnl for tkir oppoNicm
3

..111:i 0D l'JIOGKEII

la iag,"'IJJarship ; and we olaim the closellt aan

u.nguinity with thoae fearless reformers, Rebanus
and Scotu1 Erigena; and especial}y with Clau
diua, biahop of Turin, who, in the ninth century,
oppoaed, with apoctolic zeal, the erron that sur
rounded him; and lind and died, in the belief
of the great Protestant doctrine of justificatitm by
faith alan., i the Lor Juu Chrisl.
.
While the venerabl bishop of Turin held forth
the lamp of divine truth in the west; a large borly
ofprotesting brethren arose at the sarne time in the
east, under very interesting ciruumstances. If we
were to judge of them from the writings of their
enemies, we would stigmatize them as Manichean
. heretics ; but let it be remembered, that after the
way Romanista call heresy, 80 Luther and Calvin
and all the Reformers worshipped the God of our
fathers. The hand of Providence is strikingly dis. played in. their origin. A Christian deacon, who
had heen cast into prison by the Mahometans, es
. oaped from his cell, and in his fli 1?ht, arrived at
the bospitable, though poor abode of one Constantine, near Samosata. ln retnrn for the kindneas
I o his host, the deacon at his departure present
ed him with a eopy of the New Testament lt
was like water to the thirsty ground. He studied
1t with great eagerness ; his mind became enlight
ened, and his soul cheered by the lively oracles
of bruth ; and out ofthe "abundance of hi1 heart,"
he hegan to proolaim to hi, perishing countrymen
the unsearchable riohes of Chrisl
Multitudes
flocked to hear the message of a free salvation;
and Asia was soon filled with the simple dootrines
he propounded. His followers were called Paulifrom their peculiar attaohment to the epiit,

. owu,

a, 1'9PEJLT,

27

de of tbe great apostle of the Gentiles. Their

ministers were ali on " perfed equality, having
no dference. of rank amongst thern; their views
of the ordinancea of baptisrn, and the Lord's sup
per, were truly Scriptural ; the worrhip of the Vir
gin J-Iary, the adoration of the cross, and all the
splendid forms of superstition, they entirely reject
ed ; and they acknowledged no mediator but the
Lord Jesus-Chrisl But the spirituality of their
doctrines, and the purity oftheir lives, excited the
hatred of the supporters of idolatry; and we may
judge that they had taken deep root in the land.
when for
hundred and fifty years they stood ali
the horrors of persecution ; till at last the inquisi
tors of the cruel Theodora, like blood-hounds,
hunted them throngh Ar.ia Minor; and by gibbet
and fe, and sword, -about . a hundred thousan
of these devoted servants of God were elevated
to a martyr's crown 1 1
During the eleventh and twelth centuries, God
raised up several eminent men, who boldly testi
fied against the doctrine of the real presence, pur
gatory, the consecration of churches, and the ado
ration of the images of Christ and the' saints.
The CATHARI1 whose cbaracters and tenets are
violently assailed by Roman Catholic historians,
spread at this period over Germany, France, ltaly,
and the greater part of Europe ; and, though all
their theological tenets may not have been purely
evangelical; yet, even thtiir enemies confess they
had a deep veneration for the sacred Scriptures,
which supported thern under the barbarous treat
ment they endured for years ; and, if the rejection.
of priestly ab,olution, and the complicated pecu
liaritiea of the popish r1tual 1 the love of God and

"

,-.

JtISE A!ID P&OOJI.E88

ur neighbour, and faith in the sufferings of the

L:imb of God nlone for salvation, constitute the
features of true Protestantism: then, the Cathari
are peculiarly entitled to that appellation.
When asked-'' Where was your religion be
fore Luther 1" direct the inquirer to the W lllden
ses, those renowned heralds of the Refonnation,
who flourished in the ele1:enlh anrl two foUO'IOing
centuries. Point to the mountains and valley1
of Switzerland, where Nature seemed to have
built her mighty fortresses for the defence of civil
and religious freedom, and to protect these sainted
worthies from the murderous attacka of Rome.
1'heir history fonns one of the most intereating
perioda in the church of Christ. Peter Waldo,
who aignalized himself as their leader, was a ricb
merchant of Lyons, and filled with horror at the
corruption ofthe Papal hierarchy, and with love
f9r the souls of his fellow men ; like the ear)y
Christians, he sold his property, dided bis wealth
amongst the poor, and went forth as an apoatle,
preaching the GoRpel to great multitudea. Such
a general commotion excited the fu ry of the reign
ing pontiff; and Alexander Ili. anathematized
him and bis disciples, and commanded them to be
exterminated by fire and sword. ln consequence
of this, they fled in all directions ; but, thouh
their enemies " meant it for evil," yet their dis
persion, like that which occurred at the death of
Stephen, tended to the dissemination of their prin
ciples. Wherever they were scattered, they car
ried with them the knowledge ofChrist-churche11
arose in various directions, and you may judge,
not only of the strength of their faith, but of the
,ztenllive ditfuaiona of their teneta, frorn the aw-

CD' l'OPDY.

29

ful fact, that upwards of 11110 milllons totn put to

dtalh in tt Waldtnna11 persecI011 alone. The
wbole artillery of Popiab fury was opened against
them ; and men, women, and ,ven i11noce11t cliiltl, ru, were exposed to indiscriminate destruction.
And what was the crime that thus called for Pa
pal vengence 7 The defenders of Romanism
charged them with disgusting criminality, and
branded them with the most odious name1; but
all unprejudiced historians eulogize them for sin
gular purity and simplicity of morais as well u
elevated experience in 1piritual religion. And,
though several centuries have rolled away since
their confessions of faith were publisqed, to us it
is peculiarly interesting to refor to them, in conse
quence of the exaet eoincidenee between them,
and the doctrinal articles for which our church ia
distinguished. They believed in one God-the
Father, Son, and Holy Spirit; they acknowledged,
as canonical, the 1ame booka of the Old and New
Testament, whieh we receive as the inspired re
velatioa of God-that there is no other mediator
or advocate with God the Father, but tbe Lprd
Je1u1 Cbriat,"-" that, after this life, there are but
two places, one for those that are saved, tbe other
for the damned, which two we . call paradise and
hell, wholly denying that imaginary purgatory oC
Antichrist, invented ia opposition to the truth.
That the sacramenta are rips of lwly ting1, or
viaible emblems of invisible bleslings,-and that
there are no sacramenta of divine appointment
but Baptism and the Lord's Supper: masses are
impious, and it is madness to say ma&S{!B for the
dead i the invoking and worshipping of dead sainta
I ido1atry; 10 many orde,- of the clergy are ao
i

30
many marks of tbe beast; and the Cburch a(
Rome is tbe whore of Babylon.
That ia the
church of Christ, which hean the pure doctrine
of Chriat, and obierves the ordinances inlllitated
by hiril, in whataoever place it exista."
Such
\fere the sentiments of these persccnted people
of God, that spread like lightning through Europe
iil the midst oftbe surronnding gloom ; and, though
not distinguished by the na,ne of Protestants, yet
they were pattems of purity for all the churches
of the Reformation.
About the aame time, Wickliffe 1.041 raised "1'
in England by the great Head of Zion, to wit
ness against tbe abominations of the " Man of
Sin. 11 He has been justly styled the " Moming
8' of the Reformation ; and is celebrated for
bis extensive leaming as well as his gennine piety.
His talents raised him to the Chair of 1'heology
in the UniTersity ofOxford. Dnring theweek he
waa emplored in opening the great truths of reve
lation to bis stndents, while on the Sabbath he
preacbed with extraordinary energy and BDcce
cm the principal erron of the Church of Rome.
He attacke the vices of the clergy ; and the de.
,rradation of their character imparted peculiar
f9rce to his declamation. The doctrine of Tran
1Dbstantiation he expounded, with a simplicity
and cleameu that has not been exceeded by any
Protestant divine ; and it is said, tl&GI etien l.4en,
one-third of tAe Englh 1rie1tkood considered ie
bread and wine as mere rq,rem&tation, of tbe body
and blood of Christ. Commiuioned by his sove
reign Edward III. to proceed to Rome on an im
portant embassy, like Luther, he was increasingly
di,grut d by bis visit, with the gorgeouuplendour.

fW fOPUr.

31

and superetitious rite1 of Popery ; and on his re

turn he inveighed against it with still greater ve
hemenee. Thi1 ealled forth the thunders of the
Vatiean against bim; and according to the Chris
li411 method of silencing an opponent, to which
Popery in that age invariably resorted, Gregory
XI. comrpanded him to be seized, imprisoned, and
brought to trial for bis damnable heresies. Ed
ward, his royal patron, and the enlightened noble1
of the land, felt that he maintained truth: in oppo
sition to the profiigacy and spiritual despotism
that abounded ; and they threw over him the
abield of their proteetion. ln the controversy that
raged between him and the abettor1 of idolatry, it
is amusing to observe the harsh epithets they
aometimes substituted for argument. Wickliffe
was ealled by his adversarias " a limb of the de vil,
an enemy of the church, deceiver of the people,
idol of heretics, mirror of hypocrites, author of
achisms, aod inventor of lies." But in the midst
of this calumny, he proceeded in his work and
labour of love ; and his translation of the Scrip
tures into the English tongue, for a people who
had been cruelly robbt1d of them, is a standing
monument of his perseverance and zeal. And
one of the most remarkable things eoncerning him
is, that after a life of such reforming activity, and
in the midst of so many iofuriated ecclesiastical
peneeuton, he should have died in peace under
bis own roo( Y et even this, perhaps, was in
tended to shew the bloody spirit which then
rei gned in Babylon,-his 1oul was in the bosom
of Abraham, beyond the rage and impotence of
man; but bis bo,u1 were dug out of hia grave,

...

RISE .&JfD P10GB.BS8

and with tv,o Aundred volu"'e' of hia works, were

bumt in tbe flames.
At tbe sarne time, til! Lord raised up Joln Hs1
4,ad Jerome of Prague, to testify against the errora
of Popery. They were both men of superior men
tal endowments, and full of zeal for the cause of
truth and holiness. The writings of }Vickliffe
found tbeir way into Bohemi a, and were the
means of drawing tbese worthies from spiritual
delusion. But in the mysterious providence of
God, they were not long engaged in his service,
till the Popish inquisitors were permitted to seize
them ; they were cast into prison, and loaded
with irons: and after they bad enlightened a
great part o( Germany with scriptural knowledge,
tbeir purified spirits were wafted iu tbe flames to
the mansions of eternal bliss. Being urged to
iecant, a short time before bis death, Huss, like a
fearless martyr, said, "Wbat I have written and
taugbt, waa in order to rescue souls from the devil
1
nd to deliver them from the tyranny of sin; and
I do gladly aeal what I bave written and taught
with my blood." Jerome, at his deatb, displayed
the most beroic courage. On his way to the j>lace
of execution, he sung the Apostles' Creed, anel
IODle hymns, with a eheerful countenance. The
execu\ioner approached tbe pile to kindle it he
hind bis hack; he exclaimee:l, " Come forwud,
and put tire to it before my face I" When dread
flly seorched, he was heard to cry-" O Lord,.
have mercy on me! have mercy on me !"-and
the wind parting the flames, exhibited his body to
the speetatora, covered with large blisters, while
his Jips were moving in ferve,ntaupplieation. But,
though these valiant men died, the cause of God

OP JIOPBllY,

mrvived and prospered. In thi,, as in many sim-

ilar cases, the blood of the martyrs was the seed
ofthe churcb. Their followers were called Lol
lards. ln England they amounted to nearly
orae-lr.alf the populalion: they numbered amongst
them several persons of the highest rank ; and
eontinued for nearly tu,o cmluries to sulfer in the
Saviour's cause.
Thua, according to the atriking language .of the
prophet Daniel, (Daniel vii. 21, 22, 25,) and of
John in tbe Revelation, (Rev. xi. 7. and xiii. 7,)
it was given to " the bea,t, or the horn," or thtt
Popish power, that was "more stout th11.n bis fel
lows, to wear out the aaints of tbe Most High-to
make war with them, and to overcome them."
Thousands, and tens of thonsands, of holy men,
with the arm of God as their only proteetion, and
his eternal truth as their support and their shield,
had gone forth with undaunted courage, as " sheep
in the midat of wolves. 11 From the sixth to the
sixteenth century, host after host had arisen, a1
followers of the Lamb, to oppose the mystical
Babylon; but they were sur.cessively hewn down
by the fury of their persecutors; and rivers of the
most precious blood were shed in every kingdom
of Europe, " until the Ancient of days arose, and
' ,,,. oncin ' lhe term Lo/JtJl'd hu been a 1nbject of historieal
ontroYen . Some maintnin tbat tbe name ori2inated frnm one WaJ..
ter Lolltm 'J., a di11ingoi1hed P.reacher of the GopI of Christ, who
wu burned at Cok>,: ne; wb1le olhera 1a7, that it waa a term o , ..
prnacb fatened on them by their Popih p"rsecuton, to make hem
diou1 in the e)'ff of their enemies. lf th be the caie, the ep1tbe1,
JR9lead of 1>4tin., a reproach, like all similar namea, does honour lo
tbeir memory ; for lollard. or lullAard, in the German langua, meana
to ain,r witb a 1weet jndialinct voice: aud it i1 aaid to Jl&ve be11n ap
plied to tbem because in attending the 1ick and the dyin, and even
at rheir ordinary t>ecupaions, they weTe in tbe hahit f !ulli"81 01
ainJing th prai,oa ol God. Oh I thal aU proluain1 Cbr11hua
a 1unilar reuon. worthy ol lbe name l

-.

gave judgmeil.t unto the saints of the Most High;11

till, what is peculiarly te.r11&ed, tlu period of tu
Protestant Reformalion had arrived, when " the
Sllnts posse11Bed the kingdom."
Before this period, the witnesse1 for the truth
had been scattered over lhe earth, without any
point . of concentration-the ray1 of Scriptural
light that shone forth, were partially obscured by
surrounding darkness-and means were not et
]
prepared by Providence for giving the " woun to
the beast that never should be healed." But ia
lhe 1ixteentl,, century God' s time had come-th
river of divine truth burst over the embankments
that had long impeded its progress, and carried
life and salvation as it rolled along. Clusters of
slars had twinkled during the long and dreary
night of Popiah darkness; but then, the Sun oC
Righteousne11 carne forth in celestial effulgence1
and the cry was heard over all Christendqm,
" Arise, shine ; for thy light is come, for the glory
of the Lord I risen upon thee."
It is a most intereating study for the true Chri,.
tian, to trace tlu cau1e1 that immediately pro
duced thia mighty event-the PaoTESTANT REFOR
MATION.
ln the preceding ages, many reformers
as enlightened and fearless as Luther had arisen,
but they succeeded in effecting only a partial and
transitory ohange ; because that combination of
circumstr.i11cu had not yet taken place, which, under
the guiding hand of Providence, terminated in
this amazing revolution, It cannot be questioned
that one of the chief means of promoting the Re
formation, was the degeneracy of the Church of
Rome ; the cup of its iniquity was filled to the
very brim, and by the disputes which arose abou

'.

$be papal ohair, the r.onteodinlt' pontifrs, with their

own haod tore off the veil of pretended infalli
btlity, and eJp<>sed tbemselves to the nation11 in
aU- their antichrist.ian tyranny. ln 1159, two par
- frantic with rage, and like men fighting.for
tbe weahh of a kidom, actually eleoted tw
P11pu, Alexander Ili., and Victor IV. Franoe ,
acbowledged Alexander, wbile Oermany an-1
haly bowed to the authority of Victor. Agaip,
in 1218, the cardin.als split into two factions ; tHo
one elected Urban VI., while the other chose Cle
ment VII., as the true vicar of Chri!lt. Rome
was the residence of U rban, and A vignon of Cle
ment ; where they spent tbeir time in sanctimo
niously fulminating ana.themas against one ano
tber.
The sarne factiona shortly afterwards
elected Benedict XIII. and Boniface IX. to the
Papal chair, at the sarne time; and thus that
church was rent asunder, that falsely boasts of
UNITY as her distinguishing characteristic; thU8
the '' great toestern schism ; that separated the
Greek and Latin church, was produced by the
ambitious struggles of thcse contending pontiffs ;
and for about fifty year11, the nations beheld two
i11faUible successors of St Peter, not preaching
peace and brotherly love-not the vicars of a holy
and humble Saviour-but the agents of him who
"goeth about as a roaring lion," endeavouring to
destroy the church of God.
The mind of the
most credulous was excited to inquire, whether
auch characters were not " wohes in sheep's
clothing ;" and the eyes of the blind were opened
to aee in these ecclesiastical combatants, the An
tichrist of Scripture.
But, as if to rouse to the bighest pitch the in

RISB A1'D PBOOllESS

di gn ation of men who were longing for a apiri

ehAnge, they carried, at this very time, tlte 111i
indulge11ce1 to a. ,cand11,lous exte11t. The pe1
who made t'he most singular figure in thia affair
a Dominican monk named Tetzel. By the in
gence, which he aold under the papal commi11
he administered the pardon of ali sins, put,
sent, and to come, no matter how aggravate<
money were forthcoming to strike the infernal
-gain. By this soul-destroyi,ng traffic, the n
was tumed from the finished work of Jesu,
purchase the remission of sin by the gfte1
dnst of the earth, contrary to the express wc
of Scripture-" Ye were redeemed, not with
ruptible things, as silver and gold, but with
precious blood of Christ, as of a Lamb, witl
blemish, and without spot." l Pet. i. 18.
The sottl shudders at the bare recital of B<
atatements respecting these indolgences. On1
their advocates declared, that ont drop of Chr
blood was Sllffici.ent to redeem the world ; tht
tHiising q1t,11,ntity shed in the garden and
the ernss was left as a legacy to the church :
addition to which, all the good works of
aaints, over and above those which were ne,
aary for th.eir own justification, were deposited
an inexhaustible treasury, whenr.e indulger
were to be drawn by the Roman Pontiffs." l
to such extravagant lengths was this <levice
Satan carried, that they not only pardoned the
of the liYing, but atretched their authority ovei
invi11ible and eternal world ; for they ta111
that the souls confined in purgatory, for whose
demption indulgences were purchased, a1< soor

OP POPEltY,'

87'

1he money tinkles in the chest, instantly escar,e

fiom the place of torment, and ascend to glory. '
8uch was the state of monstrous dej!'ennacy
into which the Romi11h church had sunk, when
God raised up MARTIN LUTHER, to burst the chaina
by which the nations were enthralled. He was
the son of a poor man, as were almost all the Re
ormers; for in carrying on this mighty work, as
at the first propagation of Christianity by the
apoi:tles, God chose " base things of the world,
and things that are despised, yea, and things
that are not, to bring to nought the things that
are." 1 Cor. i. 28. Luther having bccome an Au
gustinian friar, retired into a coment, where he
G>und in the library a neglected copy of the Holy
Scriptures. All othcr pursuits were aha11doned;
and he !ltudied the Word of God with uuqnench
able 11.rdour. The fame of his sanctity 11.ll(l ltarn
ng raied hirn to 11. Chair of Philosophy, and af.
tf!rwards to that of Theology, in the University of
Witt,mberg. From this commanding situation
he "w the whole church prostrate, under the des
potism of Rome. His soul was especially ngon
ize1l by the n,inous conscquences of the ale of
indulgences; nd h11.ving tht> great God as his di
rector and his shield, he attacked the blaphe
mous imposture, anel kindled against it a flame ot
indignation throughout all Germany and a great
part of Europe.
But all his efforts, like those of former Chris
tian worthies, wonld have proved abortive, and
left the Papal editice standihg in all its trength,
bad he not been aided by two powerful elements in
the work of reformation :-tht reviial of lilera-
lre, and the invention of tht. T' of PTin.ti'l\g

..

JUSE - _J!JU>B.EU

l3efore this period tqe human mind had loq

slept in profound lethargy j but the ancient Greek
and Roman authors were tbeQ brought forth and
studied with ardour. Men bcgan to think with
freedom on every topic, civil and sacred ; the
claims of the Romish hierarchy were tried with
great boldness, by the infallible test of Scripture ;
and they who, in a former age, would at once
have hunted Luther down, without examining bis
arguments, now embraced him as the advocate
of reason, and the fricnd of truth and righteous
ness. Resides, his writings and those of the other
reformers, which, in preceding centurie11 would
have been totally unknown or confined only to a
few, were then, by the invention of the rt of
Printing, circulated in various languages, and in
distant countries : they were greedily perused, not
merely by the rich1 but by the poorest of the peo
pie ; and produced a sudden and general impres
sion in favour of the "new doctrineL" By the1<e
two causes, in conjunction with other concurrent cir
cumstances, the slaves of papal tyr&JU1y and delu
sion acquired an independence they had not felt
before-the reign of ghostly terror began to de
cline-the form of man became erect-his aoul
waxed warm-and the general stirring of tbe na
tions betokened a speedy resurrection of the
hurch of tbe living God, from the sepulchre of
auperstition in which it had been buried for aiea.
W e break off here, and must refer our readers
to the working of the Holy Spirit on the childrell
of men, until the completion of the Lul4eraa
Reformation.

HISTORY
or

TJU:

POPEDOM, &e.

THE POPE1 A8 BI6BOP OF ROMB,

>orEs.-These succeeded to office, not by any

.ain gradation, but we their preferment to
iton. The office once conferred, is for life.
election is in the cardinals. A Pope is not
r a high-priest, but an earthly prince also, so

40

BISTORY OF THE POPEDOlft &o.

that his death must create a great sensation in

what are called the papal dominions.
Public
busiuess is generally suspended, and couriers are
despatched to the Catholic princes all over the
world, in order to inform them of the vacant see
1
while the cardinals assemble from all parts and
elect a successor.
This election takes place in
conclave which is fitted up for the purpose in the
Vatican, a magnificent palace at Rome belonging
to the Pope, consisting of several thousand rooms
and a library exceedingly rich both in books and
manuscripts. The voters are not allowed to de
part till the election is finished. This sometime1
lasts for months ; and, when parties run high, the
most furious passions have been displayed, so that
at the election of a Pope in 1721 1 the electors 10
far forgot their dignity that they came to blowa,
and even threw the inkstands at one another.
lt may be intere to atate, more :particular
ly, some of the proeeed1nga on this occuton. The
next day after the int.erment of the late Pope, the
cardinais assemble in the cathedral church of St
Peter at Rome, where the senior celebratea the
mass of the Holy Ghost, for the election of _a suc
cessor. Another prelate deliven a Latin oratioo,
in which he exhort1 the cardinais to choose an in
dividual worthy of ao eminent a station.
They
tben all inarch in procession behind the papal
cross, while.the musiciana sing the hymn "Veni
Crea,tor." The procession enter11 the hall of the
onclave, which occupies a large portion of the
Vatican. The large rooms are divided by tem
porary partitions into what are called cells,
wbich !lfl:' again subdivided into little rooms and
eloset.s; every cardinal has his own for himself

JilftoaY ar TBZ

POPEDOJr,

&o.

41

and hi, assiltantl, which i1 harely large enough

to hold a bed, five or six chairs, and a table.
The hour of holding the conclave being come, a
bell is rung to cau1e the ambassadors, princes,
prelate', and other persons of distinction, who
maY' be present to withdraw. When they havi,
all departed, the doors and windows are walled
np, with tbe exception of one, wbicb throws a dim
light upon the conclave. One door is also kept
for the removal of any cardinal wbo may be ili,
but "'ho loses the privilege of voting if he retires.
The mode of election is by ballot : two chalices
stand on a long table in the chapei of Sixtus, in
to which the cardinais deposit tbeir bulletins
containing the name of the individual for whom
they vote. One of the Scrutators reads it aloud
while two others mark the votes for each indivi
dual by the side of bis name on the large tablet
where all those of the cardinais are inscribed.
Whoevr obtains two-tbirds of the votes preSt'nt
is canonically elected. His name is immediate
ly proclaimed alond, and the cardinais sitting on
bis right and left rise and quit their places. His
consent is asked and granted to perform their
adorations, when the senior commences by kissing
bis foot iuid then bis hand. The first cardinal
leacon afterwards announces the election to the
people from the balcony before St Peter's ; the
artillery of the castle of St Angelo and the bells
of the city spread the news abroad. The people
are then allowed to break into the conclave, and
carry ofF all they can.
No person who is under fifty-five years of age
I eligible to the papacy. The elected must also

ii

.,

fl

ifOUJ>OX, .

be an. ltalian hy birth, having already obtained a

place in the college of cardinais.
The death of a Pope is attended with an equal
degree of ceremony. 'l'be corpse .is su1fered .to
remain in hed till the arriv.al of the cardinal
chamerlain, in order to recognise the body. Ar
rayed in the short cloak, violet-coloured tippet, an
rochet, he presenta . himself at the door of tbe
chamber and, knocks three times with a gold ham
mer, calling the Pope at each knock, and addre
sing him hy bis christian, family, and papal nameL
After a short time, he exclaims, in the presence
of the clerks of the chamber and bis apostolical
votaries engaged in the ceremony, " He is then
dead." On his entrance, a gentleman in waiting
uncovers the face of the deceased, and the corpae
is recognized. The fisherman's ring is then
broken by the cardinal, as is also the leaden seal
with which the bulis are sealed in the cbancery,
the golden hammer being used for the purpou.
ln the name of the Apostolical Chamber, he th11
takes po$1!e81on of the V atican, and senda guard.
to 1ecure the gates of the city and the caatle of
Sl Angelo. Nine days' obsequies are performed,
and funeral rites in sev.eral churche, at the same
me, ali with great 1plendour. The reign of
Pope1 is aeldom of long duration, tbey hein' gene,
rally adved in yeara at the time of theu elec.
a
The ineome of tbe Romish court is itregul
and uncertaiq. Several years back1 when in fuU
poBBession of its territory, botb in ltaly and in
France, it waa not calculated at more thaq 600,
0001. Mr. Eustace informa us thtLt "this income
.ro,e principally from inmal taxaiion, and that

BDm>B.Y OF TJIS POPBDOII. l;o.

43

a very 1mall part of it wu derived from Catholic

ountrie11."
The dignity of Pope has produced some most
severe contenons about who should be greatest,
and there have appeared more than one claiming
infallibility at the sarne time. Thus, at the com
mencement of the fifteenth century, the Latin
churcb was divided into two great factions, and
wa1 govemed by two contending pontiffs, Boni
face IX., who remained at Rome, and Benedict
XIII., who resided at Avignon. The contest
afterwards rose to ao great a height between Ore
gory XII., a successor of Boniface, and Benedict
XIII., that the Council of Pisa interfered to heal
the divisions and factions that had so long rent
the papal empire. A heavy sentence of condem
nation was pronounced again11t the contending
pontiffs, who were both declared guilty of heresy,
perjury, and contumacy, unworthy of the smallest
tokens of bonour or respect, and separaied ip10
facto from the communion ofthe church. This step
wu followed by the election of one pontilf in their
place. Alexander V. was the favoured individual
Lut all the decrees and proceeding11 of this famoia
council we1e treated with contempt by the con
demned pontilfs, who continued to eejoy the privi
leges and to perform tbe functions of the papacy,
aa if no attempt had been made to remove them
from tbai dignity.
A mo1t sacrilegious link also connected itself
with the pontifical chain, when Pope John VUI.
wu scovered to be a 1Doman i This lady
a natlve of Mayene, aud of English extraction.
Uaving #-a;velled to Atbens, disguised as a man,
with an Englishman, her patam.\U; ,\\. -,

'

44

RlSTORV OF Trm roP1mo1r, &e.

great adva:nccs there in learning, and espec.ially u

the knowledge oftheology. She subseq11entlyente1
p,d the church, and as her talents were of the ver
firat order, she obtained the highest honours i
oould beat.:.w. This clever woman gave publi
leetures at Rome on varfoua seiences, and engage,
in disputationa, by whieh ahe gained sueh rE
pute that, on the death of Leo IV., she wa
unanimously ehosen to fill the papal ebair. O
eourse sbe eould not marry ; however, she die,
in giving birth to a ehild, while she was earrie
in publie proeenion between the Colosseur
Theatre and St. Clement's. Some deny this sto[J
but it is confirmed by the testimony of about fift
authors. Great care has ever sinee been take:
that there shall be no reeurrence of the like even
The Pope claims to be the true inea1' or viet
gerent of Jesus Christ. He has been honoun,
with the title of " God upon earth ;" and lnnc
cent lll deelared that he was subiltituted in Hi
place, who had written on bis vestment and hi
thigh, " TRE Kmo oF XINos AND Loa OP Loans I
The prinees of Palermo (as related by Paul11
Jovius) prostrated themselves at the feet of Ma,
tin IV., and made their addresses to him in th
sarne words thy address to Jesus Chriat befor
their altars: "Thou that takest away the IIns o
the world, have mercy upon us.l Thou that tab,
away the sins of the world, have mercy upon ua
Tbou that takest away the sina of the world, gnn
ua thy pece !" We may pity the ignornce Cl
a por hathen like the Emperor of China stylin
bimself tlie "Son of Heaven ;" but here. pi1
mrut yield to indigntion a:t soch gro bla

j,IJmy.

BISTORY OF TBE POPEDOM1

&a.

...

he ridiculous and degrading ceremony of kia

.he Pope's foot seems to have originated in the
iration of Justinian for Constantine I., whose
he kissed at an interview he had with him in
,demia. This homage was previously paid to
roverei:zn pontiff of the heathens. For ages
11 practised only on a fresh accession to the.
LCy.

one of the Popes have been called by the

e of St. Peter, though they profess to 6ll hia
r. Many of them have, however, formed
ing contrasta with thcir avowed pttei:n., :f'la,..
, who was a strict Papist, and appointed uq
Pius II., Apostolical Abbreviator ,nd Libra
of the Vatican, cils many of them short
I monsters, and tells us that they obtained th!'
1dom by bribes i that they departed fr<>Ql the
, of Peter ; and were governed by the mol!t
.acable hatred and resentQ1ent. 1'hey have
1ently been notoriously irreligious and im
11 in their lives : this has been boldly nd un
rerably charged against them. "The abomi
e wickedness of your party," says Baxter, a.d
ng the Romanists, " even the cardia
uelves, is proclaimed by many that have been
priests, and turned from you, as Oopley,
don, Boxhorne," &e. Sheldin,, in his $urvey
tome, says, "Believe it, reader, the abomina
I which are cornmitted by these purpled fa
a, and the supreme fathers of.th11,t synagogue,
!IO detestable, that they furpass all. Jlar,ration,
'1' of modest or immodest pen,
Many. an one
has been deceived into Popery in England1
been cured by a journey to Rome, seeiIJg the
'1inations of the place."

.f6

RlS'l'OltY OF TIIE POI'EDOM1 &e.

The tiara, or tripie crown, and the keys, are tl1e

badges of the papal dignity; the tiara of the
Pope's civil rank, and the keys of his jurisdiction,
for, as soon as the Pope is dead, his arma are re
presented with the tiara alone, without the keys.
The Pope, in virtue of his officc, " enacts rule1
of discipline for the universal church, dispenses
with them when he sees proper, punishes those
who do not obey him, passes sentence on all ec
clesiastieal causes referred to him, and receive, .
appeals from ali Roman Catholic bishops in th
world. He convokes ali general councils, presides
in them personally or by his legates, and confirma
their decrees."
The present Pope (Mauro Capellari) is callecl
Gregory XVI. He waa born at Bellu,ro, in the
Venetian Statea, 18th September, 1765; reserved
in petto 21st March, 1825; publiahed cardinal
priest, hy the title of St. Calixtua, 13th Maroh,
1826 i. elected pope, 2nd Pehruary, 1831; conse
craten bishop and crowned 6th Fehruary fol
lowing.
CAJtDINAL.-Thi1 nam is derived from the
latin word cardinali,, which signifies " principal,
chie." The cardinais are ecclesiastical princes
in the Church of Rome, to whom is given the title
of Eminente. They constitute the Pope's senate.
The Sacred College of Cardinais, as it is called,
consists, if complete, of seventy members. The
number of cardinais is seldom complete, so that
the Holy Father has generally this honour to be
stow. The creation of cardinais is attended with
a curious ceremony, performed by the Pope. A
private conaistory is held, in which his Holiness
"pena and shuts the mouth o uew cardinais. The

8DTOBY

or

J!O.PX, 4;(,,.

.1

liPffing rJ the mouth implies that the cardinal is

not at liberty to give hi. opinion in i:ongregation,
until it is opened for him the opening of it is de
ferred for fifteen day8, and the doing of it aignifies
ihe removal of thia restraint. This ceremony ap
pears trifling to 111, hut more than trifies are in
volved in it; for if the Pope should die before the
cardinal's mouth is officially opened for him, he
can neither give his voice in the consistory on the
election of a successor to the papal chair, nor be
himself advanced to that dignity. The cardinais
wear a red soutane, a rochet, a short purple man
tle, and a red hat. The latter was fst worn in
the Council of Lyons, in 1234, and is said to de
note zeal, and to intimate that they would hazard
the shedding of their blood in the defence of their
church.
The Church of Rome, aii an HIERARCHY, has
its various clerical and monastic orders.
lt is
episcopal, an-! the Pope is the universal bishop1
the vicar of Jesus Christ, to whom all the clergy
of every rank are subordinate. After the cardi
nals, follow primates, patriarchs, archbishops, and
bishops, who are suffragans to the archbishops,
and such were formerly the cardinais to the Pope ;
bishopJ in partibus infidelium, as they are called,
or1 more briefly, i1, parti.bus; that ia, persons who,
that they may enjoy the dignity and honours of
th<i episcopacy, "- thus be qualified to render
' Jme particular servi.cs to the church jn general,
ar., named to sees "in infidel countries," of which
t.ley cannot possibly take possession. Such are
merely dignitaries of the Church of Rome. Such
alao, in as far as the titles of their llees are con
cemed, are the apostolical vica11 in E.u"la..\\li '1.'\\...\.

im'rottY OP Tim POPDOM, &e:

.
..
.
.
Scoiland, &e. And mch, finally, are tho8e per:
sons who are often appointed coadjutors to other
bisho'ps, unable rom age, or anr_ other infirmity
to discharge the duties of their office. These are
all so many ptlppets, created and moved by the
Pope at bis pleasure ; are ali sbordinate to hi1
.single will, and no change in his temporal condi
tion can diminish this authority, which he pos
iesses in all its plenitude, whether in exile or on
the pontifical throne : an authority which extend1
-so Catholics would have us believe-over the
whole earth for there is " no other church but
Rome, no ot er spiritnal empire but that of the
Pope," who assumes the style of Dominus Deu,
noster Papour Lord God the Pope I
The holy orders of the Church f Rome are
seven ; bishop, priest, deacon, acolyth, reader, ex
orcist, and door-keeper. This gradation receiTed
the 11_!lnction of the Council of Trent, which, in
thia a1rair1 proceeded in its usual way, with an
anathema against malcontents. The said or
ders are again divided into major and minor, <1't
iacred and secular; the first three mentioned are
of the major or sacred order. They of the sacred
order may not marry, but the others may, and
that without a dispensation. According to the
Council of Trent, they should pass through the
lower grade to the upper, tarrying for a time at
each step ; but a dispensation is easily pro,mred,
and four orders are thus to be obtained in one
day.
Ali the laity of tbe Church of Rome are reck
oned as the lower ardera of people, compared
with the priesthood. A priest, even when raised
to that oflice from the loweat of the people, ia en-

h.

B.Y OF TBE POPBDOlf, .

49

titled to have his hands kissed with the greateat

revt-rence by every one, even a prince of his com
munion. Children are taught devoutly to presa
their little lips upon those l.ands, to which, as
they are told, the very Saviour of mankind, who
is in heaven comes down daily. 1'he lawa of
1
Roman Catholic countries are, with regard to
priests, made according to the spirit of these reli
gioua notions. A priest r,annot be tried by the
judges of the law, for even the mo,t horrible
'f'u. Blan.co White, late chaplain to the King
of Spain, aays, "Murders of the most shocking
nature have often been perpetrated by priests in
my country ; but I do not recollect an instance of
their being put to death, except when the mur
dered person was also a priest" He adds, " 1
knew the sister of a young lady who was stabbed
to the heart at the door of a church, where the
murderer1 who. was her confessor, had a few
minutes before given her absolution 1 He stabbed
her in the presence of her mother, to prevent the
young lady'a marriage, which was to take place
that day. This monster was allowed to live be
cause he was a priest. Even in Ireland," the
aame writer continues, " where the law make1 no
cllirerence between man and man, a priest cao
take libertie, with the multitude and e.xert a dea
potic command over them, which the natural
1pirit of the Iriah would not submit to from the
fust nobleman in the kingdom."
The Roman clergy are distinguished by vari
ous badgea. The to,uure is the common badge
of all tlu t.lergyme11, the hair being clipped in
a particular way. The candidate is made to
lmeel before the biahop, who cuts the ha.it in. fr

'li)

tml'roaT OP TU POPSJ>OII, .

ditferent parta of the bead ; that ia, before:

behind, on each aide, and on the crown.
A
little circle of the hair ia shaved off from the
crown of the bead, and the aize of the bald placE
ia regulated by the ordera received. The tollBtlN
.of a mere clerk ia the amallest ; that of prieati
and monka the largeal The 11111nipule is tb
badge of a nf>.deaeon. lt consiste in a litt.le filiei
repreaenting a handkerchief, which the priests ia:
the primitive churcb wore on the arm, to wipe ofl
tbeir tear, for the sins of the people. The eu
,uble ia an omament which the prieat puts abo-n
the alb to aay mau; the alb bemg a robe madt
close only at the wrista. The ero11 ,tole is tht
bad,(e of a deaeon. Thia is wom by the Romist.
pariah priesta above their aurplice, as a mark of
tbeir 11uperiority in their respective churches, anci
by other priests over the alb. The ,tole is uaec
at the celebration of mass, in which case it goe1
acrosa the atomach: by deacona it ia wom oTel
the left ahoulder, acarf.wiae ; when he prieat
Teads tbe goapel for any one, he laya the bottom
-of bis atole on bis head. The stole is a brou
. awatb or slip of stuff, having on it three cronea
d hanging from the neck to the feet The
prie1I ia distinguished by the pltJneltJ. The
,Aop is known by hia mitre.
The arelbil"I
iweara a ptJll, as o the primate and a patriarel ;
the pall is a eort of oloak or mantle of state.
The Pope, during six hundred yean, was onlJ
adorned with one crown or diadem ; but, at the
return of the apostolio see from Avignon til
Rome, the Popes began to wear the tripie orewn.

TBB

INQUI SITION.
fte lnqwili1iim.-Thi1 is the name given to an
ecclesiutical tribunal which ha1 been set up in
veral countrie1 by the Church of Rome. lts
pofeued object ia to mppress hereay: to examine
and punish heretics. Thi1 court waa founded in
tbe twelfth century by Father Dominic and hia
followen, who were snt by Pope Innoc{\nt IIL
withorden to excite the Catholic 1tates and princea
to extirpate heretics, to search into their number
and quality, and to transmit a faithful account
thereof to Rome. Hence they are called lnquisi
tora, and their tribunal the lnquisition.
" This abominable court has been established
ia aeveral European countries ; but no where hu
it acted with mch malignant energy, l).O where
bave its dungeon1 been 80 much like the vaults
of hell, or the economy of its conductors 80 mnch
lib the economy of devils, as in Spain and Por
tugal. lt hu been horrible enough in Italy. It
wu forced for a time upon France and Gennany;
but in neither of thON countrie1 did it ever gain a .
pennanent footing. Groat Britain has uniformly
md ncceufully resiatecl"it At preaent the grand .
lnquisition ia known only in history ; though it is :
only within a few yean that it haa been abolished ;'
and there is much rea80n to believe that this in
f'emal eupie ia ltill ll open.tion, oa , mwl.1.

TBB INQUJSffl01',

ecale, in different parts of Continental Europe

Of course, it moves now in the deepest silence
conscious that its doings will not bear to be looke,
at hy the light of the nineteenth century : but if i
could borrow power from the spirit of the age t
extend its dominion, there is no evidence that i
would not bring back in their full extent, the trag:
cal borrors of preceding eenturies.
'' ln Spain there were at one time no lesa tha
eighteen dferent inquisitorial courts ; and heside
tbe vast numhers who were immediately connecte
with them as officers, there were twenty thousan
familiars, or spies, scattered throughout tbe com
try! wbose husiness it was to mingle in ali compe
nies, and drag ali suspeeted persons to the cell
of tbe Inquisition. Neither youth nor heauty, nc
virtue nor age, nor the sacredness of domestic N
lations, fumished the least security against th
ruthless banda of these apostles from the pit. N
man could . lay bis bead upon bis pillow withot
anxiety; for he could feel no assurance but tha
before the light of another day, himself, or bis witi
or bis child, would receive a summons as awfi
fl1l,..-ie-.hletWt.ifit.h.acl 00111e .&om the kin
of terrors. No family :el,ulf llparate for the nigh
but the appalling eonviction must have forced;
eelf upon them, that they ...we,e ..JIOli;improbabl
taking of each otber a qnal leave. Fancy tb
horror of tbe acene, when the prison-carriage w1
heard at the dead of night, to stop before the doo
and immediately a loud knock was aeeompanie
by tbe atem command, 'Ope n to the Holy lnquit
tion ;' every inmate in the dwelling felt bis bloc
curdle at the sound ; the head of the family W1
called upon to give up the mother of his belove

nu: INQUJtllTlOlf.

55

and helplen children ; he dared not even to whi1per an objection or let fall a tear ; but hastening
ba.ck to her chamber, led her out, and placed her
in custody o( an incamate demon : and then as
the prison-carriage rolled away l.o the dungeons,
oh I how that huiband was convulsed with agony,
as he contemplated her as the innocent victim of
a long and living deatb. The movements ofthese
familiars were conducted with so much profound
1ecrecy, that it was not uncommon for members
of the sarne family to be ignorant of each other's
apprehension. One instance is recorded, in which
a father, tbree sons, and three daughters, all of
whom occupied the sarne house, were separately
1eized, and thrown into the dungeons of the ln
quisition, and knew nothing of each other's fale
till after seven years of torture ; those of them
who survived met to mingle their deathgroans at
an auto da f. As the process of apprehension
waa-usually conducted with the utmost silence, so,
when the wretehed victim _was actually appre
hended and carried to the dungeon for trial, he
was never confronted by his accuser, nor ven
told what was the crime for which he had been
arrested, but was left to conjecture the crime, and
to accuse himself; if he did not ivstantly confess,
confession was extorted from him by virtue of the

rack ..' .:. , . . .'":

,.:r :-.1'- .... ,,. ...

. ..

" Shall we cond11t you to that abode of horror,

that ante-ehamber of hell, in which these deeds
o( darkness are perpetrated 7 The very exterior
o( tbe building indicates that it was made for
some mali gn ant purpose. Y ou enter it by mas
live doors, and are led on by narrow and winding
pauages, rendered still more horrible b-, \h. dim.

56

THE INQUI8ITI01',

torchlight which pervade1 them, till you reach the

dungeons in which men die by torture. Here i1
the depository of every thing that human inge
11uity has invented to cause a protracted an4
agonizing death. Here is the torture by water ;
and the torture by fire ; and the torture by the
pcndulum i and the torture by the rack i each one
of which, if it were descriLed to you, would ca111e
your blood to freeze with horror.
" When the vaults of the Spanish lnquisition
were thrown open by the troops of N apoleon, an
image of the Virgin M ary was discovered, which,
on inspection, was found to be a torturing engine.
She wore, beneath her robes, a metal breast-plate,
thickly stuck with needles, spikes, and lanceta.
The familiar, who was present, was requested to
work the engine ; and he did so. As she raised
her arms, as if to embrace, a knapsack waa thrown
into them, and, in closing them upon it, she pierced
it through in a hundred places. To the living
victim it would have proved inatantly the embrace
ofdeath."

" O love-destroying, caned Bigotry I

Ambition' eelf, thoagh mad
And naraed on human gore, witb ber compared,
Wu merciful. Nor did ehe alwaye rage:
She had some houn of meditation llet
Apart, wherein 1be to her atudy wenL
71te Inquisi.tion, model m01t complete
Of perfect wickedneu, wbere deeda were doneDeeds I let them ne'er be named ;-and eat and planq,d
Deliberately, and with most mnaing pains,
How, to extremeat thrill of agony,
The fleab, and blood, and aoula o( holy .men,
Her victima, might be wrouiht; and wben ahe 1aw
New tortures of her labo1U1Dg fancy born,
Sbe Jeaped for joy, and made great hute to try
Tbeir ii.n-well pleued to bear ,. deeper poan."

57
f_fto da: /. ..:....This signifi'es an act of faith.
N ow the Scriptures teach that faith works by
(ove ; therefore, the faith which prompts such acta.
as the following is not that of the Bible. The
auto da f is well known as connected with the
Romish church. The name ir given to a solemn
day held by the lnquisition for the puuishment of
heretics and the absolution of the innocent ac- .
cused. They usually contrive the auto to fall on
1ome great festival, that the execut1on may pa18
with more awe; and it is always on a Sunday,
The auto da fl may be called the last act of the
inquisitorial tragedy: it is a kind of gaol delivery
appointed as often as a competent number of pri
sonera in the Inquisition are convicted of he
resy, either by their own voluntary or extorted con
eaion, or on the evidence of certain witnesse1.
The proceu is this :-in the moming they are
brought into a great hall, where they have certain
habita put on, which they are to wear in the pro
ce111ion, and by which they know their doom.
The procession is led by Dominican friars ; after
which come the penitents, in black coats, without
sleeves, and barefooted, with a wax candle in
their hands. These are followed hy the penitents
who have narrowly escaped being bumed, who,
over their black coats, have flames painted with
their points tumed downwards. Next come the
negative and relapsed, who are to be burned,
having flames on their habits pointing upwarrls
After these come such as profess doctrines con
trary to the faith of Rome, who, besides flame1
pio nting upwards, have their pit>ture painted on
their breasts, with dogs, serpenta, and devils all
open-mouthed about it Each ptisonet a.\\'l\.'I>

u.

61.
with a famjliar of the lnquisition ; and those to
be burned have alto a 1esoit on each hand, who
are continually preaching to them to abjure. A.
ter the prisonera comes a troop of familiars on
horseback ; after them the inquisitors and other
officers of the court, on mules ; last of all, the
inquisitor-general on a white horse, led by two
men with black bata and green hatbanda. After
some further ceremonies, the prisoners are de.
livered to the civil officers, beseeching them
to touch tlaeiir blootl or pvt eir live, in tlanger ! 11
'rhe prisonera are then loaded with chains, and
conveyed to the gaol Afteor an hour or two they
an brought before tbe civil judge, who, after uk
ing in what religion they intend to die, pro
nouncea sentence on such u declare they die in
tbe communion of the Church of Rome, that
they shall be first strangled; and then bumed to
uhes ; on such as die in any other faitb, that
they shall be burned alive. Both nre immedi
ately carried to the Ribera, the place of execu
tion, where there are as many stakea aet up u
there are prisonera to be burned, with a quantity of
dry furze about them. The stakes of the pro
fessed, that is, euch a11 persist in their heresy, are
about four yarda high, ha'.ving a small board to
warda the top for the prisoner to be aeated on.
The negative and relapsed being firat strangled
and burned, the professed mount their stakes by
a ladder; and the Jesuits, after several repeated
e:r.hortations to be reconciled to tbe church, pu&
with them, telling them that they leave them to
the devi who is standing at their elbow to re
ceive their aouls and carry them with him to the
.iame of belL On tbia a great ahout ia rw.i.aed.

"'


uuf the ory is, '" Let the doga' beard1 be made I"
wrbich ia cione by thrusti11gflaming furze', faetened
to long poles against tht!ir facea, till their faces
111'8 bumed to a coal, which is aocompaned with
ti.e loudest acclamationa of joy. At last fire ia
11t to the frze at the bottom of the atake, ove-r
irhich the profe111ed are chained so high, that the
;op of :the flame seldom reaches higher than the
ieat they Bit on, 10 that they seem rather roasted
:baa burned. There cannot be a more lament
d,le 1pectacle ; the sufferors continually cry out
irhile they are able, " Pity for the love of God I"
Yet it is beheld by all sexes and ages with trans
;,orta of joy and satisfaction. . O rqerciful God I is
:bis the benign, humane religion thou hast given
to men 1 Surely no. If such were the genius o
Cbristianity, then it would be no honour to be a
Christian.
lt is not possible to form an accurate estimate
.,( the victims of Popery whose death bas been
>ecasioned by their supposed heretical sentiments.
.ccording to the best authorities, we may assert
tbe destruction of human life cau1ed by the
Chorch ot Rome to be as under :Je- in Europe, nearly . . . . . . , 2,000,000
1Ddian1 in Mexico and Soutb America,
including Cuba and St. D001inRO lf,000,000
Protestante iD tbe East lndiee aod Europe,
about . 60,000,000
Total ,000,000
We are aware that all Reman Oathruic1 do
approve of 1111Cb prooeedings ; but do the
ileada of their ohurch openly cenaure them 1
Where and at what time wa1 the general oooneil
lleld, whioh reprbated these deeda o \)\'\

a.

60

'l'BB INQPJSITIOM,

Did not the celebrated Council of Trent, the laat

of the kind, deal out profusely its anathemu
against heretics 1
Well' may one exclaim, " O Popery, Popery !
bow horrible is thy charity, how cruel is thy bene
Yolence 1 painters sometimes exceed nature, and
go beyond life; orators make frequent use of hy
perbolical expressions; and poets are often madly
extravagant: but imagination labours in vain to
portray the malignant spirit by 'llVhich thou art
animated. A serpent, whose poison is in,tant
death, lurking undiscovered until he hath infcted
the fatal wound; a hungry lion, sharpset, and
ready to seize his prey; the vapour of pestilence
which depopulates an empire ; a fury entwincd
with scorpions; an ideal monster, that is sour,
livid, full of scars, wallowing in gore, disgusted
with every object around, and most of all di
gusted with itself, is harmless and inoffensive in
comparison with thee. lt is too true, that, after
fy example, and to the disgrace of Christianity,
Protestants have sometimes persecuted ; but their
persecutions were a horrid perversion of their
principies, whereas thy persecutions flow from thy
principies as a natural nnd ne('essary relllllt.
They have tasted-thou hast drunk to intoxica
tion-the blood of martyrs. Blood is thy aliment,
thy element, and dreadful has been or will he thy
retribution. Their intolerance, the elfect of min
gled passions, spends itself in the lapse of time,
or is corrected by nobler sentiments: but thy prin
ciples of persecution are established by infaJli/Jle
covncil1 iohich lap1e of time cannot alter, 10/aici u
tenderne,s of 1entiment ca1' correct."

Tii.E

JE SUITS EXPOSED.
DE REFORMA110N OF RELIGION wu an event
1e greatest importance to mankind, and which
rely changed the Papal power and influence.
roke the Pope's right arm, deprived him of a
iderable portion of bis spiritual dominions;
not only curtailed his exorbitant power, but
narrowed his influence. The thunders of his
s, excommunications, and anathemas were
:eforth destined to fali still-born from the Va1. Even the princes and. churches which still
red to Rome, were taught <by Protestant ex
ile to despise an authority which they had dis1red to be neither infallible nor omnipotenl
Protestant faith elevated the spiritual con
m of man, advanced even his temporal in
lCI, delivered bis soul from ignominioua bon
, and delusion, and rescued his mind from an
ped and superstitious dominiQn.
; became, therefore, the policy and interest of
Mt.in of Sin and hi, adherenta to oppoae and
tbrow it, and to bring as much evil as possible
of the elements ofso much good. ln order to
:,t this, the best instrumenta were selected.
1e of the lazy, cloistered, monkish fraternity
d present a front in any way fotmi\\a\)\ \()

j
,

61
powerful an enemy as had now arisen. The
Jesuits were, therefore founded with the expre11
t,iew of undermining the Protestant faith; and
they have ever been the most subtle, pOUJerfal, a11d
iplacabl enemies with which the Reformation
bu had to contend. , Their grand object has
always been to retard the march of a purer sys
tem, to oppose the diffusion of spiritual light, and
to obstruct the progress of civil liberty. Nor have
tbe bopes of their founders and patrona been in
the least disappointed. They have fulfilled tbeir
bigh destiny beyond expectation; and under the
pretext of religion, have endeavoured to extinguish
the light of the Gospel truth and charity duough
out the world.
lgnatius Loyola, the patron and founder of this
Order, was bom in Spain, and brought up to the
military profession. Bis early years were spent
in the utmost latitude of debauchery; vanily and
ambition being his ruling passions. ln the year
1521, at the age ef thirty, he was severely wound
ed in the leg at the siege of Pampeluna ; during
the cure of which he read, and was much enam
oured with the lives of the saints. He then also
formed the resolution of acquiring the character
of a saint himself; and his biographers in his own
Society, allege that he had miraculous intercourse
with heaven -visions-raptures-extacies--and
supernatural instructions, for the formation of bis Or
der. Pasquier says he was one ohhe most subtle
and skilful politicians which that age had pro
duced, and soon obtained disciples; but meeting
with opposition, went to Paris. After much discou
ragement there also, he formed a new set of diaci

B<Yllet'1 Le o S\. Igniu.

63
pies, his Bpanish friends having desrted him. Hi,
first converts were only seven individuais; whom
on tbe feast ofthe Asaumption, 15341 he conducted
to the church of Mount Martre, near Paris, where
Le Fevre, one of them, said mass, and admini
tered the sacrament to them. After mass, the
whole seven, with a loud voice, took a vow to un
dertake within a prescribed time a voyage to
Jerusalem for the conversion of the lnfidels,-to
abandon. every thing they possessed in the world,
-and in the event of being unable to accomplish
this, to throw themselves at the feet of the Pope,
-to o!fer him tbeir 11ervices,-and to proceed un
der his orders whenever and wherever he might
tbink proper to send them. Shortly after this they
were joined by three others, when they all set out
for Rome, in the year 1538, where, according to
Baillet, they agreed that the Society should be es
tablished as soon as possible as a religious Society,
in order to prevent its future dissolution, and to
enable it to extend itself to all places, and to subaiat till the end of time.
The infant Society experienced some diflfoulty
and considerable opposition, before it received the
atamp of Papal authority. Paul III. referred
Loyola's petition for confirmation to a committee
of cardinai s, who represented the establishment
of this Society as unnecessary as well as danger
ous; and Cardinal Guidiccioni opposed it with the
greatest vehemence. But Loyola was a man of
the world; and hit on a plan which entirely re
moved the Papal scruples.
He immediately
changed the articles of his lnstitution, in which
bis promise of obedience to the Pope had been
clogged witb condit.ions; and now bound. h.\l\ Otd.M.

hy a solmn vow to iplicit, blind, and fJ,ftlimitttl

111,bmission a11d obedience tQ tt Pop t. This vow
was over and above tbe three usual vows of por,.
trty, cMtity, and monastic obedience, common
to all the orders. Such an offer, at such a crisi a,
was irresistible. Paul III. had sufficient discem
ment to foresee the advantage of such a fraternity,
, and immediately confirmed the lnstitution by a
bull, dated 27th September, 1540; and ever since
the Popes have generally considered that the
Jesuits are tbe chief support of their authority.
Altbough there migbt be some embarrassment
in serving two masters, yet Loyola laid hia com
pany under a similar promiae of iplicit obedience
to the Generalof the order. After theirconfirma
tion, Paul Ili. bad two medals stru<'k, on one of
whioh waa inecribed, " Tke gat of Ata1'tn are
opcntd f' and on the other, " TAt ,ecurity f tl,
Ro ..a,. peoplt." How far the institulioa of tbis
order bas contributed to promote the glory of God
in the higheat, and on earth peace aod good
will tow.ards men, its history writte11 in blootl, will
ehow.
Mallf 1ubsequent bulls have entirely exmpted
the Jesuits from all jurisdiction, both ecclesiastical
and civil, and from all tithes and imposts on them
selves and their property. 1'he other monastio
orders are separated from the world, and are sup
posed to be dead to it, aod not to mingle in its af.
fairs ; but tbe J esuita consider themsel ves as form
ed for action. They are chosen soldiers bound to
excrt themselves continually in the service of the
Pope as " 1'ice-God," and whatever tenda to r e
claim or oppose the enemies of the Roman See, is
tboir proper object. 1'hey are, therefor e, totally
,

'DU JBSUITB EXPOSBJ>,

65

exempted from those functions which are the ehieC

business of other monks; they appear in no pro
eessions-practise no rigorous austerities-eon
sume no time in the repetition of tedious offices.
They neither chanted nor prayed. "They cannot
aing," said their enemies, " for birds of prey never
do." On the contrary, they are required to attend
to all the transactions of the world that they may
extend their influence, to study the dispositions of
persons of high rank and to cultivate their friend.
ahip; so that by the very constitution ad genius
of their Order, a spirit of action and intrigue is in.
fused into all its members. ln short, '' is insti
tution is an universal conspiracy against the rights
of bishops, rectors, universities, corporate bodies,
princes, magistrates, and every power, both spirit
ual and temporal I The exorbitant privileges
with which they have clothed themselves are only
.fit to overtum every State, and to spread distress
and confusion in all places."
"The Jesuits had no aooner appeared than
they overran the universe with surprising rapidity ;
they became the instructors of youth, the masters
of seminaries, the confessora of kings, the distri
bntors of favours, and the norninators to every
office, civil and ecclesiastical, and sometimes even
to crowns ; in a word, the arbiters of every great
event ; they acquired immense wealth in freehold
estates, and in the benefices which they procured
for their houses; they formed the moat substan
tia! and brilliant establishments, and laid the
foundations of a monarchy calculated to resiat the
most powerful princes."
They style themselves oor Me1Ulic&nt1; but
/
llow poor Me1&tlic1Jnt1 coul havo IO edil1 a.t-


tainec1 to mch an extemive and abeolute en
ia 11> ahort a wne, ia altnoat beyoncl eredil
They have domineered over the propertie1
livee, the liberties, and the mind1 of mez
11early tbree centuriea. The crimes comm
by the Jesuta in every part of the world, ,u
those of every other fratemity ; and their m
wr, "'""" tian. tlwse of the to0r1I Pagan pi
vier, ofwhom we have any acoount. They
c:orrvptea and peroerte every branch and pr1
of morality, and sapped the very foundatior.
religioue principles.
The following (saya
ebeim) are some of the maxims adopted ai
culcated by the whole fratemity :" 1. Th penon tDicked uid vol o/ tAe TuPe o)
may t to obwn el.ernal life in heaven, provided
they be impreued with a fear ofthe Divine anger, and
all heinooa and eAOrmous crimes, t/l:r011,gll, tAe dread o/J
2. Tha& th09e per90Ds may transgreu
,ajetg, who have a probo)/k rea,im for tranagrea&ing; ti
any plauible argument 1>r authority in favour of tlM
t.li are inclined to commit. 3. That actions i'lllnin:
ftlil, anel directly umllrory t,o tAe ditrine l,a"", may be
-", performed by thoee wbo bave ao mueh powe,
their own minds u to join ev1111 ideally, a g(l()d end a.
witd action; or, (to spe;l in tbe style of the Jesuits,
are e&J*ble of directing tAeir imention arigkt. 4. Thi
1otopAcal lffl of a very litrhl and trivial nature, uii
nol delerTo. tbe paiu of bell. By lin,
l!llil8 -- 11,i.y actwi. cnJra.ry "" t1l6 diaatu of flattw,
ris"' rea,os, dom by a penou wbo is iporanl of lhe "
law of Goo, or doubUbl of its true meanlng. 6. TIM
tramODI eommittod by a penou blinded by the I
tioA of lult, apated by lhe imew.e of twnultlJOU& pu
and deetitate of alJ 1111nee uid 1mpression of religioa,
ever dcte.table and heinous tbey may be in themselve,
not imputable to the transgre880rs before the tribun .
God; and tbat 1acb transgreseions may often be as in
. a. &bc, ldioJII of 1, madman. 6. Thal tlMI penoaa

.a., or

lllb u
.ter lAIIOacontnct, may, todiiktlte/tWU
Gt tbe one, and the obligatunt oC the other, add t..> tbe torm
o( words tbat exJ'rea them, certain mnlal lldditions and
'4cit reserr,atw11$.'

U nd.er the inculcation of auch exquisite morai s,

which are at variance not only with the spirit but
tbe letter of the decalogue, caa the wickednesa
of Popery excite astonishment 1 Under such able
tuition, the utter contempt for oaths manifested
by Popish Members of Parliament is only what
they would call a right direction of their.inten
tions. The Jesuits everywhere practised those
pernicious maxims which excited so much indig
nation, that two Popes were shamed into issuing
bulls against them. Such favorites, however, are
tey at Rome, that these bulis have been sup
pressed, and are not to be found in the Bullarium
Pomificum; but their mortal enemies, the Jan
eenists and Dominicaos, have, however, carefully
preserved them.
Their Government is entirely mo'liarchical, and
of the most despotic kind. ln the bull of 1591,
Gregory XIV. declares, that lngnatius desired
that the forro of Govemment in hiJ Society should
be .011archical, and that everything should be de
cidecl hy th, WlLL o/ the General al0nt. ln all
oiber monastic orders, wh!'tever affects the whole
Wy, ia regulated by the common suffrages of all
membera; but in thi1 Society impfit obtdien.ce
t.o the toill of the General is the rule. ln the esti
ma&ion. of a Jesuit, the General is esteemed the
Vicar o[_Christ, and occupies the place of God 1 alasucna to be implicitly obeyed in ali things.
The nature of this ohedience has been compared
te a etaa'in a man' hand, 'Rhicb. \a el\.\\"te\i

us

68
1ive; and implies the complete renunciation of hi1
own will, opinion, and judgment.
Loyola's own
Jescription of it is that " any order of a superior
i.hall be regarded without distinction a, a DIVINE
'Precept which must be obeyed without any discus
.ion, and with the sarne blind prostration of the
whole will as is required in believing whatever
tbe Catholic faith teaches, and as Abraham evi.n
ced in sacrificing bis son Isaac."
A General is chosen for life, by deputies from
the 11everal provinces, whose power is supreme
and independent, and extends to every person and
to eve.ry ca11e; and to whom tbe Jesuta are re
quired to yield not only outward obedience, hui
the inclinations of their own wills, and the senti
rnents of their own understandings. This policy
impresses a charactf!r on all the members of the
Order, and gives peculiar force to all its opera
tions.
What renders the despotism of this
monarchy the more remarkable i11, that it is not
exercised over lazy and superstitious monks in a
cell, but over picked men of the first intellects,
dispersed among all the nations in the earth. To
enable the General to ascertain the abilities and
the peculiar disposition of each o( bis subjects,
they carefully transmit him the most minute in
formation. Every novice is obliged to manifest
bis conscience to the Superior, or bis deputy. He
is required to confess not only his sins and defects,
but to lay open to his confessor the inclinations,
the passion11, and the bent of his 10111, which con
fession must be repeated every six months. Each
member is directed to observe the words and ac
tions of the novices, and to disclose everything of
importance concerning them to the Superior.

69
That thi, lltmltiny into their character may be the
more effectual, tbey undergo a long and severe
novieiate ; in the course of which, they pass
throagh several_gradations of rank in the Society;
but before they become professed embers, they
must have attain.ed the full age of thirty-three.
Registers are kept, descriptive of the talents, pas
sions, tempera, and dispositions of eaeh; and by
examining these, the General can without more
trouble ucertain and fix on the man best fitted
for any specific purpose. ln order to accompliBh
the vast objects of this Society, it wa1 essential to
fonn a body, whose members are indissolubly
anited to their bead, by the obligation of unre
ee"ed obedience. ConsequeDtly, ita constitution
ia flfilila, anel its General ha1 tbe BBme r.om
mand over thi1 immen1e anny e( the "soldien
of JeJ1Ga," u a. general po&1e1se1 onr the troop1
of ordinary amues. The King of Portugal de
b01lnced them in bis manifesto, in the year 1759,
and banisbed them his kingdom. He say1, " ln
order to form tbe union, the consistt'lncy, and tbe
atrength of the Society, there should be a Govern
ment not only monarchical, lmt so soverei gn, ao ah
lute, so despotic, that even the provineials them
selves ahould not have it in their power, by any act
of theirs, to resist or retard the execution of the
orders of the General. By tt1i1 legislative, in
violable, and despotic power; by the profound de
votedness of the subjects of this company to mys
terioua laws, with which they are not themselves
aeqoainted, by the blind and pauive obedience by
which they are compelled to execute without hesi
tation or reply, whatever their superiors command ;
tlaia Society is at once become tne mo\ co\'\.-

10
dated and powerul body, and at the IUDe timi
the greatest and most enormous of abuse, to whiel
there is an urgent neceuity that the Church anc
the State should apply the most prompt and effi
cacious remedy."
The Jesuta attach the utmost importance t.
auricular confession, which h'as had the eff'ect
above every other engine in their banda, of e
tending and keeping alive the injl.ue of '1
Popish prie1t1. ln the hands of the Jeauits, it i
their most powerful instrument in forwarding thei
ambition,-in enabling them to influence the coun
cil11 of princes,-and of directing the minds anc
wills of inferior men. " The abolition," aays Vil
lera, " of auricular confeuion by the Reformation
was a stroke which cut at once the infinite ramifi
cations with which the hlerarchical despotism hac
everywhere entwined its roots, and deprived th,
clergy of their enormous influence on princes 11111
the great, " the to0me,&, and in the bo1011& of e1ie,1
family." ln a note the translator aaya, "Of al
the contrivances to enthral mankind, and U81U]
the cntire command of tbem, that of auricular COII
feAion appears the most impudent and the moe
eff'ectual That one set of men could persuad,
all other men, that it was their duty to come an,
reveal to them everytbing which they had done
everytbing which they meant to do, would not b,
credible were it not proved by tbe facL Thia cu
cumstance rendered the clergy ma,ters of lhe ,ecrei
of e1iery family ; it rendered them, too, the unive1
sal advisers; when any person's intentions wer,
laid before a clergyman, it was his business to eJ
plaia what wu lawful and what waa not, UI

TD JS801T8 Dl'08lm.

71

1nder this pretext, to give what counsel he pleased;

n this manner the clergy became masters of the
"Dltole sy,tem of human life ; the two objects they
:biefly purauecl were to increase the riches of their
:>rder, and to gratify their senses and pride by
uing all their arta to cajole the great and wealthy ;
md attacking them in moments of weakness, sick
sus, and at the hour of death, they obtained great
tnd numerous bequetits to the Chutch ; and by the
luection they obtained in the management of
,very family, and every event, they exercised their
.ove of power, when they could not draw an ac
lellion of wealth."
The doctrine of Papal and priestly absolution,
II a nalural consequence of auricular confession,
ia improved by the Jesuits still more to aid their
iesigns. For the most gross and unrepented crimes,
lhe cloak of absolution in the confessional, is ever
ready to cover the dupe of priestcraft. lt is an
angine of spiritual despotism assumed for secular
pmposea; and is a strong spur and incentive to
lhe natural evil propensities of the human heart.
lt has the effect of deadening the conscience to
lhe guilt of adultery, wbich an unlawful celibacy
hu made notorious in the confessional. This is
common to all Romish countries, but peculiarly so
to Spain and Portugal ; where " the monk'l, being
utremely numerous, and human passions ever the
aame, tho&e ascetics atone for the want of marriage,
by the practice of adultery, and husbands, from tbe
dread of the lnquisition, are constrained to connive
at thia enormous abuse. The conscie.nce is 1eartd
iJ the practice of absolution; and the mind become,
recoJICiled to the strangest of all phenomena, TBEO
um, mrrr aa l'Lt.CTICAL vici: 11,11,iitcl '"" hN

72
aloll illlilulbl Tke 1'ice beuei jl&Kf'MI
beyond conctf)tO", a, il i, ,rtulile by tlwse
en wl,,o oug/u to exl&ibil exaa,le, ,fJIUre fllM'alily. '
The J esuit& are the grand aupportera of the
Pope's infallibility and 1upremacy. Villera Y
that "the Jesuta of Clermont declared before all
Paris,. tl,o.t tl&e POJle
o., i,ifallible ., Jua,
CA.rist hiaself ! and employed all tbe.ir lmowledp
and talents to inculcate that doctrine, and make it
an article of faitb." They also maintain the l&v
fulnes, of regicide, and the d11,ty of penecuting
Protestlllts ; and they have never scrupled to pat
their doctrines in execution whenevM opportuni
ties occurred. Three of them stabbed two kin gs
of France. One Chrighton, a Jesuit, ampted
to seduce a Scottish gentleman, by the promiae of
a large reward, but who indignantly rejected it,
to murder James VI. Garnet, their Superior, who
has been canonized as a Saint by tbe Pope, at
tempted James's murder on a grand scale, involY
ing all the Royal Family, and tlae Protestant
peers of England, in the evermemorable Gun
powder Plot. With respect to the duty of pene
cution, as taught by the Jesuits, tbe infamous and
execrable Theology of Dens is sufficient proo!
There ia almost no institution or society in whioh
they are not to be ound ; for it is not necessary
to be either a priest or a Papist to 1ecure admi
, 11ion into this Society. Their doctrine of Proh4bil
ity, renders all religiona as pusible among them
w; ali crimes; and Cardinal Bellarmine, a Jesuit,
asserts, that if the Pope declare vice to be virtue
or virtue to be vwe, tbe transmutation must be
believed and practised, which he calls the chief
point of Chriatianity. '' German freemasonry,11

'""

78
1ays Rohison, " was much connected with many
occurrences and 1ehisms in the Christian Church.
I found that the Jesuits had 1everal times inter
fered in it; and it appears that these intriguing
brethren had attempted to maintain their influ,
ence by means of freemasonry." Speaking after
wards of freemasonry i11 England during tho
grand rehellion, he says, " 1 have met with many
t
paricular
facts, which convince me that at thia
time the Jesuits interfered considerably, insinuat
ing themselves into the lodge s, and contributing
to increase that religious mysticism that is observ
able in all the ceremonies of the Order."
ln proof that freemasonry and Protestantism
are in league with the Jesuits, we give the follow
ing anecdote.
lt is related by Mons. Vallory,
formerly ambassador from france at the Court of
Prusaia, who received it from a Prussian noble
man, who one day invited his friend, an opulent
trader of Hamburgh, and who was a Lutheran,
to become like himself, a freemason. The trader
wished first to be informed on the nature of ma
soory. The Pru,sian assured him that nothing
would take place which he would have occasion
to regret, although it was necessary to engage by
oath, for an inviolable secresy with respect to
whatever might be communicated.
U pon this
the trader replied that he could not become a
freemuon, because he should he unavoidably un
der the necesaity of communicating the secret ;
that indeed it was only a single individual who
waa in question, but that he could keep no secret
from him. Being strongly pressed as to who thia
penon might be, who was not his confessor, fo1
he wu a P_roteltant, nor bia we, {01 111 """"" '\'l,b. ,

married, he wu at lengtll compelled to adnow

ledge to bis friend that he wu a Jesuit; that he
had taken the 'VOW of obedience, and that he waa
obliged to keep no eecret from the Superior Jesuit
of the clistrict The Pru11ian, in mueh astonilh
ment, inquired how the character of a Jelllit
oould harmonize with the profeuion of a Protest
ant
" That makes no difference," said the
trader, " they agree perfectly well together, anel
it is of the utmo&t importance to me, because the
circumatance of being a Jesuit hu been the meana
of my having a correspondence with'all parta oC
the univerae, which has forwarded my commer
cial pursuits.11
Loyola laid claim to dit,ine in,piration I
Among many blasphemies, furnished by the Je
suits themselves, they declare " that God hu
granted 'to every member of the Society,' who
might join it ; in the three first centuries, tJ,,e pri
vilege of escaping damnation, and that whoever
should die in communion with the Society should
obtain everlasting felicity." The Jesuits allege
that God himself dictated the formation of their
Society I They teach that He and the Blesaed
Virgin inspired its plan, rules, and privileges, in
miraculous revelations ; so that they impose on
the credulous dupes of Popery, that it is not ao
much the commands of Loyola which they are
obeying, as tlae revealerl toill of Goa! The rulea
of their institute are however concealed with
great care, not only from the public, but also from
the uninitiated of their own body. TAere are l,e
,ide, some rules of tDlaicla nane but tlte Gene'fal
SUfJerior, are permitterl te kMlll anything. Tbere
always mspicion uuy.tety. Tho oret

thia Society ia confined only to a few. The Sn

perion hold secret council1 in every province,
without their purpose1 being lmown either by the
pablic or nen by their owu ordinary member&
Thi1 extreme seereey naturally alarmed the Con
tinental Govemments, and was one of the cause,
of the aoppression of the Jesuits. But there is
another evil attending the constitut.ion of tbis per
nicious Society, tbe General can change, abrogate,
or renew what laws be pleases. ln bis bull of
1543 1 Paul III. authorizes them "to adopt such
constitutions aa they may judge fit, with power,
as well with respect to the constitutions alrtad'!I
tulopte as those which in.ould be made in fu.ture,
to alter or annul them, aceording to tbe difference
of time and place, and the qualities or diversitie
of thinga; and to forro other constitutions, which,
by apecial favour, shall be, ip10 facto, coiuidere
111 "f"PF'OtM by tn.e Holy See."
Another bull of
the Uth October, 1549, grants them tbe sarne li
berty of maJring " 10ch statutes and constitutions
as they ahoold judge necessary ; and afterwarda
either to change tbem, add to tn.em, or retremia
1*'91." S1tbaequent bulis have ratified and con
firmed this plenary Papal lieense, particularly the
bulls of Gregory XIII., dated lst February, 1682,
and Jnne, 1684. lt was this extraordinary privi
lege which made Pasquier observe, " 1 must not
for,et another point of their policy, by which
their General is permitted to change the laws
and lt&Mes by hi, sole authority, as he shall con
aider it likely to promote the advantage of bis or
der: a permiasion of which they know better how
to avail tbemaelves, than of all the other statutes;
eapecially u by meana of \hia coce ,

consider themselves at liberty to tlgue etJery

tking as occasion may require, so long as such
dis,uise promote, tke advantage of the Order."
To be able to change their institute at pleasure
is of immense importance. Against such men
and such privileges no Government can adopt
any precautionary measures. Proteus-like, they
auume a new shape after any or every condem
nation of a discovered practice. With such sa
tanic agents in its bosom, no Government what
ever, but especially a Protestant Govemment,
can be safe. Accordingly, the king of Portugal
declared in 1759, that it was easy without any
great wisdom or talent to foresee and predict, that
neitker Ckrti4n nor citnl ,ociety could aubeiat:
without a miracle, if the Jeauits were to continue.
" lt cannot be," aays he, " but that the licentiou
neu introduced by the Jesuta, of which the three
grand featurea are, fauekootl, murder, and perjury,
, should not give a new character to the morais of
the exteN1i, as well as the extemal govemment
of the no1tri, or tbeir own body. ln (act, since
these Religious have introduced into Christian
ud ciyil societies thoae perverted dogmas
which render murder innocent, which 1anctf1 '
fal1ekood, autkorize perjury, depritJe tlu law1 of
tkeir power, de,troy lhe 111.bmi11ion of 111,bject1, al
low individual, the liberty of calumniating, kill
ing, lying, and forswearing them1elve1, as their ad
vantagemay dictate ; which remove the fear of di
vine and human laws, and permita man to re
dress bis own grievance without applying to the
magistrate ; it is easy to see without much pene
The Jeauite call ali who are not of their Society ezl4rM,

ud member, are called 110stri,

tration that Christian and civil 10Ciety could not

aubsist without a miracle. 11
ln 1560, the Jesuta obtained letters patent
from Francis II. and Catherine de Medieis, the
queen mother, which enjoined the French: Parlia
ment to admit them into France, and confirm
their institution. Seduced by the blandishmenta
of the Jesuis themselves, and pressed by the
royal authority, the Archbishop of Paris consented
to their estabfuhment under some restrictions.
He deceived himself by supposing that a Jesuit
could be bound by any oath or engaO'ement which
to others would be sacred. The Pariiament, how
ever, held out. A fter the death of Francis II.
Catherine govemed the kingdom entirely, and at
laat eompelled the Parliament to admit the Je
mits They imposed likewise restrictions, which
were about as powerful in binding them as the
seven green withs were in seouring Samson.
Among the first fruits of their admission into
France waa the massacre of St. Bartholomew'1
Eve. Catherine de Medieis, assisted by the Je
mita, planned that bloody transaction, and di
rected the whole of its details. The Duke of
Guise waa the great patron of the Jesuits, and he
aui.sted personally in the wholesale murder of
lhe Protestants. Maldonat, a Jesuit, was also
particularly active.
The order of this infernal
massacre was " to make one utter extirpati01, of
the rebellious Hugonots, and that none should be
spared." The order extended even " to infant
The duke of Sully asserte that
and suckling."
the prie,t, and Jemit, were most active ia in11ti
The
gating and encouraging the mueren.
hloody work commenced at mi3nit,''' -.u

Protestanta were murdered in their beds, and

then thrown over the windowa. The atreeta and
gutters became rivera of blood ; and the mangled
bodies lay in heape. ln Paris alone ten t/aowa.Nl
Protestanta were butchered in cold blood I but
the massacre was simultaneous throughout
France, and it has been computed that om v
red thov,and Protestants fell under the tender
and maternal embraces of the Romish Church
during this massacre. Well may the mother of
harlots be called ,carlet ! So mucb blood as sbo
has caused to tlow must leave a scarlet mark.
Throughout Papal Europe the ne.;, of this
materna) act of the self-styled " mother and mia
tress of all Churches," was received with national
rejoicings. Discharges of artillery, ringing of
bells, and bonfires recorded an event so congenial
to the spirit of Popery. At Rome the Pope bim
self went to St. Peter's in 'itate, and ojfere vp tJ
1olemn ma.11 an.d thank,giving to God for the ex
tirpation of so many "heretics, odious to God and
the Church"--ofRome. Not contented with this
blasphemous hypocrisy, he despatcheci Ce..:.'Clinal
Ursin upon a special embassy to congratulate tho
King of France ; and thanked " the eldest son
of the Church" for bis zealoua exertions in tho
extirpation of heresy. That this deed of infamy
might not be forgotten, tbe Pope directed largo
paintings to be made of the horrid scene, and also
caused medals to be atruck in commemoration of
the bloody deod I
The Jesuits wero tho soul which animated tho
leaguo in Franco against Henry III. They
headed tho rebels, and disgraced religion under
the pretence of deatro-ying the heretics, alleging

79
that tbere wu no ain aince it wu to accompliah
a good purpose. The Jesuit's College in Paria
was the centre of the league; and the Jesuits
tbemaelves were everywhere engaged in foment
ing the rebellion. It was in their college that
assallBna were trained for the murder ofthe French
Kings. Jacques Clement, a priest, was there pre
pared by an impious coneecration (so called) for
tbe aasauination of Henry III.; the cause of
wbich waa, because from the necesaities of bis af
fairs, he waa obliged to tolerate the Protu tants in
bis dominions l For the so.me reason Pope Sixtus
V. excommunicated him, which exposed him to
tbe constant danger of assaBBination. Henry IV.
was young, and a Protestant, at bis accession ; as
auch tbe Jesuits promoted numerous intrigues
against him, and were guilty of all the excessea
of tbe long civil war wbich desolated bis kingdom
during the greater part of bis reign. The rebela
were duly supported by Pope Sixtus, and the
Jeauits aerved with the rebela, and mounted guard
in their tum. They preached treason and rebel
lion loudly in tbeir sermons, propagated it in their
, writinga, and inspired it in their assemblieL
They prepared darkened chambers in which they
exhibited frightful spectacles, in order to influence
their profligate victims to the commiaaion of
crime, ; and their pestilential achool nourished the
UIUIIUll of Henry IV.
On the 23d July; 1593, Henry made a solemn
apoatacy from the Protestant Church into the Ro
niith j but with wbich the Jesuits were not satis
fied and afi'ected not to believe bis sincerity. ln
the following A.ugust, Barriere was arrested,
charged with the design of a11U1m11, -

80

TBE J!.6UIT8 EXPOSm>.

He confe11sed and dcclared that he had CODll\llted

Aubery, a priest, who greatly commended kis de
1ign, and sent him to V arade, chief of the Jesuita,
for instructions, who confirmed what he called h.ia
holy resolution, exhorted him to be firm and of
good courage, and to receive the sacrament for
his consolation; and Commolet, another Jesuit,
8.18Ured him that hia intention was holy afl aeri
loriotU. He was executed at Melun, and made
the above confession on tbe scaffold.
Jean Chatel, another disciple of the. Jesuta,
made an attempt to assauinate the French King,
who fortunately received the blow on hi1 lip. The
assasiin confe&sed tbat " he had atudied in the
Jesuita' College, and had often been in their
chamber of meditation, into whicb the appearance
of devila and other frightful figures were intro
duced, under colour ofbringing abandoned charac
ters to penitence, but really to impreas their minds,
and to excite tbem to undertak.e some great ex
ploit; that he heard the Jesuits say it waa lawful
to kill the King, toho toa& oul of tke Clavrch; and
that be ought not to be obeyecl nor regarded u &
kinfr, "unlil IM Pope 1/wvld. apprtne of Ai-."
Such conduct determined the Parliament of Paris
to pau an Act in 1594, banilhing the Jesuta "u
corruptor, ofyoutb, disturbers ofthe public repose,
andenemieaofthe Kingandthe State." An abom
inable work was discovered. during theae proceed
ings, in the hand-writing of the Jesuit puignard,
in which he applauded tbe Bartholomew massa
cre, and eulogized the assassin of Henry III.
He maintained the neceasity of deposing Henry
IV., which, if it ould not be done without war,
be Mid, diat war muat be levied1 and failiag no-

81
cea that then he dould be a.11a..rnn.ated. A column
was raised to perpetuate the memory of their
crimes,- the inscription on which designated their
attempt to murder the King as " a detestable pa;
ricide, apringing from the pestilent heresy of that
perniciov, sect the JEsUITS, who, concealing the
most abominable crimes under the guise of piety,
have publicly taJJght the assassination of kings,
and attempted the life of Henry IV." Thil
monarch was at last murdered by Ravaillac, on
the 14th May, 16101 after he had been repeated
ly warned that the Jesuits thirsted for his blood,
and he himaelf lived in continuai teJ'J'or under
tbia apprehension. As he was about to step out
of hI carriage Ravaillac stabbed him, when he
died almo1t immediately. To sanctify thi1 hor
rid deed before it1 commission, the assaSBin went
to mau, reconciled himaelf to God I and confe11ed
to a pri.tst, to whom he disclo1e bis inte11tion of
committing the murder 1 1 ln justification of hil
Larbarous intention, he alleged the King' heresy
and his making war on the Pope, which, he said,
wu to make wr against God-1eeing tAa.t the
PoPB u Go, a.nd Go i1 the PoPE.
Thi1 deification of the Pope is not an obsolete
doctrine. Sir Richard Musgrave mentions, that
in a confession of faith found in a box belonging to
a prieat at Gorey, during the lrish rebellion, the
Pope is IO designated. ln it he is twice blasphe
moualy called "Chrisr, Vicar, tlae LORD GoD the
Pon,11 and once he is called " the Holy Father,
the LoaD Go tlr.e Pon." ln that confossion, it
is expreuly atated that " the Pope, together with
tbe primates, bishops, monks, friars, priests, ca11
IIMe tn ftf'tW1 4114 nrtua 1'1.Ct1 G.CeOTa.,:n.g \O

'1,,ir flltanre f'

Whch blaaphemoua opuuea
was strenuously maintaned by Cardinal Bellar
mine. Our wonder at the satanic villanes ofthat
orrupt Church must therefore ceaae, seeing the
Pope can instantly change what, aecordng to
our weak Proteslant ideas, appears to be sinful,
into an act of virtue worthy of a crown of glory.
For thirty years of Elizabeth's reign tbe Jesuta
excitetl civil wars and plots in England, without
intermission. Pope Pius IV. gave dispensation,
to a great many Franciscans, Domincans, an,
Jesuits, to preach wild doctrines among the Eng.
lsh Protestants, who were to give monthly intel
ligence of their progre1111 in the promotion of heresy
and schism. Others again were sent secretly to
watch these, lest they should become in reality
Protestanta. Parsons and Campion were the first
Jesuta who invaded England, and under pretence
of viaiting and conaolng the Romanista, nspired
them with sedition and revolt. These two wen11
cliscovered and hung in Deeember, 1581.
lt was. considered nece11ary to prohibit every
one from harbouring or lodging Jesuits. Parlia
ment enacted, that whoever knew of and dicl not
diacover a Popish priest or Jesuit within four days,
ahould be irnpriaoned. ln 1563, Strype informa
ua that the Queen sent E. Dennum to recon
noitre the enemy. He was well supplied with
money, and through that means-a never-failing
one at Rome-made some important discovere11.
He diacovered that Pius resolved to bestow the
kingdom ofEngland on any prince who 1houl eon
quer it. The following plan was adopted chiefiy
at the instigation of the Jesuta.
111, "To offer \he Q.ueeu to confirm the Eng

l
!

lish Litargy, IODle thinp being altered, proTided

ahe acknowled ged the nme to be from Rome ;
but if denied, then to asperse the English Liturgy
by all ways and conspiracie1 imaginable. 2d, A
license or di9J>9nsation to be granted to any of the
Romish orders to preaeh, speak, or write againat
the Church of England, to make it odious; and
that they may pretend . to be members thereof,
without being checked or eenllUJ'ed for so doing.
That they should keep a quarterly correspondence
with soine of the cardinals, archbishops, bishops,
abbou, and friars. They were also to change
their namea, lest they should be discovered. 3d,
For preventing any of these licensed persons from
tlinching off, or being seduced by rewards, persons
ahould be appointed to watch over them, and give
intelligence to Rome of their conduct 4th1 ln
case any of the hypocritical ministry of England
ahould assimilate to those who had licences, it was
deliberated what was to be done. The Bishop of
Mentz answered, that that was what they uimed
at; and that they desired no more than a separa,.
tio11 among the keretics of England; the more
animositie1 thero were among them, there would
be fewer to oppose the Mother Church of Rome
whenever an opportunity served. 5th 1 A pardon
lo be g'fanted to any that would assault the Queen1
or to any cook, brewer, baker, vinter, physician,
grocer, 111J'geon1 or of any calling whatsoever, thal
f
IOOtdtl nsl.lke away tDith her; and an absolute remi11011 of rim to the heir, ofthat party's family, and
a perpetuai amnesty to them for ever. 6th, Fo
the better assurance of further intelligence to the
Bee of Rome, licencea were gi ven to dispense with
'baptimia, marriages, aud severa\ o\h.et <:.et.eU\mn.e

84.
oC the Church of England, to poueu and . enjoy

offices, either ecclesi&.11tical, military or civil, . to

take auch oaths as 1hall be imposed upon them,
provided that the sarne oatbs be taken with a re
serve to serve the Mother Cburch of Rome when
ever an opportunity served. ln which case the
Act of Council p&11ed, tlaat il 10111 not 1in, "-l
meritorious; and that when it so served for Ro,,.,
adoantage, the party was ab1olve fr<>m bis oath.
7th, That the Romish orders cherish ah adherents
to the Mother Church, and whenever <ieca1io11
served, to be in readiness at lhe time app-inted,
l\nd to contribute, according to their eapacitiea, for
promoting the Romish cause. 8th, That the l\o.
mish parry shall propose a match for the Quee11
with 1ome of the Catholic (Romish) princes. 9th,
Escommunication, and a perpltual curse, to )ight
on the families and posterity of all those of the Mo- .
tber Church that will not promote or assist, by
means of money, or otherwise, Mary, Queen ofScot
land's pretence to the crown of England. lOtb,
Every Roman Catholic within England and Ire
land to contribute to those Romish bishops and pa.
rjah priests that were privately, or shoul<l be sen'
0'41lr to tbem, and to pay all the Church duties aa i
they were tn posseuion ; and this upon pain of e:
communication to them and their posterity.. 1 lt'
TheSee ofRome to dispense with ali parts oft'
Roman faith, to mear to all heresie, inEngland a
el,ewhere ; and that not to he a crime against
soul of the party, the accused taking the oath ,
..,.n intention to promote or advance the Ror
.,.aith."
Manr of the Romish clergy, who were ir
poaelllllon of beneficea at the accession of J

beth, conformed to the Reformed Church of Eng

land only in hypocrily. They pretended to be
holier than other men, and to have an extraordi.
nary care for the souls of men. They scrupled
fint at wearing the surplioe, and in a few yean
their ecnrples increued in proportion u they saw
the nceeu of their artifices. They pretended t.o
immenN zeal for the ,-rification of the Church,
and their avowed design, they 1aid, was to make
it fJUrer ; from which circumstance they got the
nune of Puritt.i1". They were, however, Jemi.tl
in diegui.se, who seeing there wu no pro1pect of
11edncing the Chnrch back again into Popery, UD
dertook to create 1ehism1 and heresies in it. In
stead of drawing their deluded followers off to Po
pery, they pretended the most unbounded zeal
against it, inveighitig most bitterly against the
Pope and the Latin man, to which they compared
the English liturgy. They made their followere
believe that the Prayer-book was the inan in
Engli1h; and in order to diagust their hearers with
the liturgy, they began to pray extempore, calling
their hypocritical addreiae1 /mr,rt-prayers,. a de
vice which took amazingly with the ignorant.
They invented the phrase tender conscience',
which hu lince been such a convenient e.xcuse
for neglect of duty and ali uncharitabJeness. The
firat Papist with a tender co111cie11ee who h,gan
extempore prayers waa Faithful Commine, a
Dominican friar, who pretended to be a moet
zealons Protestant ; and he wa, a most popular
et.ieher. No Disseuter ever railed more furious
y against the Pope than this hypocritical Puritan j
no Disaenter ever more clamorously asserted the
teode,neu of bis conlCence i nooe e ver eJ..te&.

r:

86
porised with greater finency. Hi, fll'rilJ, how,
ever, was suspected, and eventoally di1eovered.
John Clarkson, Nicholas Draper, and Mary Dean.
made oath hefore the Queen and Privy CouneiL
and deposed, " that the said Commioe waa n
true Proteltant, but a false imr, and sowe1
of 1edition among Her Maje1ty I loyal lllhjeeta."
He was in consequence arrested, and examined
by Archbishop Parker, in presence of tbe Queeo
and Privy Council lo bis repliea he alleged that
he was " a preacher of the Gospel," tbat; " e
prayed by t!&e Spirit "-that he endeavoured to
make the Church purer-and that " he had both
given and taken the body of Chriat to thote of
tender con1cience1."
He gave bail for bis reappearance, but fouod
it conveoient to leave the kingdom, and went to
Rome, where he was imprisoned as an impostor ;
but, intimating that he liad something of impor
tance to communicate, the Pope sent for bim,
who charged him with having reviled bim, and
railed at the Church of Rome among the Engliah
Aeretic.l. Commioe admitted the truth of the ac
cusation; he certainly had done so, but from a
different motive than what was ascrihed to him.
" I confess," said he, " my lips have uttered that
which my heart never thought, but your Holineu
littlo. thinks that I have done you a most consider
able service, notwithstandiog I have 1poken ao
much against you." To whom the Pope retom
ed, "How, in the name of Jesus, Mary, and all
the saiots, hast thou done so i'' " Sir," said Com
mine, " 1 preac!&ed against set forms of prayer,
and I called the English prayera English "'""'
t. ud have penuaded aeveral to pray ,piritvaUy and

TBB n:som BUOSD.

81

extempore, and this has so much taken with the

people, that the Church of England is become u
odious to that sort of people whom I instructed as
mass is to the Church of En,rland, and this will
be a stumbling-block to that Church, while it is a
Church ;" upon which the Pope commended him,
and gave him a reward of two thousand ducata
for his good service.
ln 1585 Garnet carne to England with the au-
thority of Provincial of the Jesuits, and lived in
disguise und-er severa! feigned names. His object
was to prepare the Papists and Puritans for the
Invincible Armada, an invasion planned by the
Jesuits and approved by the Pope. The whole
reign of Elizabeth, but particularly from the arri
val of Gamet, was a constant succession of con
apiracies. Parry confessed on the scaffold that
he had been employed by the Jesuits to assassi
nate the Queen. They had confessed him-ahsol
t1ed him from the intended crime--consecrated
him-and administered the sacrament to him, to
comfort him in the commission of her murder. ln
consequence of so many attempts on her life,
Elizabeth issued a proclamation in 1591, in which
after showing the attempts of tbe Pope and the
King of Spain, she added that, " She had most
certain information that the Jesuit's colleges were
the nuneries and the hiding-places of the reheis;
that those fathers were the instigators, and, as it
were, the soul of those annies which the Pope
and the King of Spain had raised against Enj!'
land; and she asserta that she had obtained proofs
on these heads from the Jesuits themselves, whom
ahe had arrested." The Queen's vigilance only
made the Jesuits more desperate and mot t'I.O\\\.

'ftll: JE8UIT8 Dl'OSBD,

on her murder. Vanons attempta were made

on her life, either by Jesuits, or others insligated
by them. The Papists in England, in a memorial
to the Pope, eomplained that the Jesnits "were
the sole a1ithors of all the trovbles 10,\ich agitatetl
the English Church; that hefore their arrival, no
(Roman) Catholie had heen aecnsed of high
treason ; lsut that as soon as they appeared, every
thing was ehanged ; that since their poltica! am
bition had hurst forth, they had set a price upon
.kingdoms, and put up crowns to sale."
Although in coneealment, yet hefore James had
reigned a year, the Jesuits had formed no leu
than fi-oe distinet plots for his destruction ; bat
tbeir grand attempt on his life was that known by
the name of the Gunpowder Plot. lt wu eon
trived with such satanie ingenuity u to have en
sured succeu, had not tbe providence of God pre
Tented it, as if b7 a miracle.
Alarmed hy this and other plots of the Jeaoi
James drew up and ordained tbe oath of alle
giance, in wbieh no doctrinal points are touched,
but the conscience is left entirely free. lt require1
a solemn protestation of fidelity to the State, and
a renunciation of every foreign power, spiritual,
or temporal, to dispense toith oaths or to dethrono
sovereign prinees. This beeame a atumbling
bloek to the Jesuta; tbey aeeordingly denounced
it, while the peaeeahly disposed Papista took it.
Paul V. forhade this oath to he taken hy any Pa
pist under ain of damnation. lnnocent X. also
condemnef it. ln 1626 Urban VIII. "exhorted
Por a fdll hi1tory o( tbi1 atroeiou1 plot, Me Traet m,d.,. the .._.

of "Tbe Fifth o! November; or, Gunpowder Treuon," ia thi. liW.

rolame.

89
...
the English (Roman) Catholics to lose their lives,
rather than take that noxiotu and unlawfv.l oatl&
of allegiance, by which the sceptre ofthe (Roman)
Catholic Church would be wrested from the Vicar
of God Almighty." No Papist can safely tako
the oath of allegiance, because he is under a pre
vious oth to the Pope to do exactly what it for
bids. Accordingly, to accommodate the tender con1cience1 of the Papista a new oath has been framed
to be taken and subscribed by them indetul of the
oath of allegiance, ,v.premacy and abjv.ratio'll, and
"'liicl& i, daily broken witli tlie most unblv.sliing ef
frontery. That clause of it with which we are
more immediately concemed, is drawn up suffi
ciently stringent to bind the conscience of any
one but a Papist. " 1 do hereby diaclaim, disavow,
and solemnly abjure any intention to subvert the
present Church Establishment as settled by law
within this realm ; and Ido ,olemnly ,wear that I
will never exercise any privilege to which I am,
or may become entitled, to disturb or weaken the
P.rotestant reli_gion1 or Protestant Govemment in
the United Kingdom ; and I do solemnly in tl&e
pruence of Go, profess, testify, and declare that
I do make this declaration and every part there
of in the :plain or ordinary sense of the words
of this oath, without any vasion, equivocation,
or mental reservation whatsoever."
Portugal was the fi.rst to suffer by the hypoc
risy and ambition of the Jesuta; but she was
among the first also to discover it, and the mani '
festo of King Joseph was the fi.rst blow levelled,
at them, and under which they eventually fell.
They were expelled from England by 1 ames L,
in 1604, ftom Venice in 1606, om. '\?o\'\\'\'-\l\.

1759, from France in 1764, f'rom Spain and

in 17671 and they were totally mppresae
Pope Clement XIV. in 1773. Clement
four years to deliberate ; in wbich time he refe
the consideration to a commission1 consistin
five cardinais, and severa} prelates and advoc,
He himself aearched tbe archives of the p,
ganda for documents relative to the millflio
the Jesuits, and considered both the acicusa1
brougbt against them, and the apologiea in ,
favour. He communicated bis brief private.
severa} cardinale and thcologians, aa well I
some of the soverei gn11 interested in their
pression 1 before he inued it. At length he
multed the important document, which se
the fate o( the 111ost wieked and tbe most tre,
rous body of men that ever disgraced the e1
Clement never do11bted that bis death w:>ul<
the .penalty of bis magnanimity. After sig
the mstrument, he remarked :-" The aup:
sion is accomplished. I do not repent of it, ha
only re11olved on it after examining and weig
everything1 and beeause I thought it neoe1
for the Church : and if it were not done, 1 w
do it now but tlii, ,uppre1,i011, tcill be y tk,
Hill prop eay 'W&I IOOD verified. Severa
tempts were made to destroy him by poison
without effect ; but in June, 1774, he died,
&'fery appearance of having been poisoned.
throat, stomach, and inteetines, were in a sta
the highest inflammation. Immediately
death bis whole body turned blaek, hi11 flesl
off, and he beeame ao offensive, althougl
markablz thin, that it W8II impossible to appr
lum. '1 here can be- no d.oubt \\ui that Cle1

b.

di,id bJ' poi1c>n ; and theJe can be u little doubt

that Jeswta were the adnnistraton, and thu, did
they close their firat career with a erowning deed
worthy o their iniquitoua principlea, and their
furmer exf'crable condnct.
We say their fir,t career, for a aecond haa
oommenced. The late Pope Piu, VII., finding
the spirit of Popery likely to revive, and that the
jta.lou m1picio1a of ProlutMw hatl Abated, re
caJled them i:ito existence, and ont'e more let them
loose on European society. Onoe re-started, they
spmng raprdly forward and iroon regained their
old position of influence and importance. ln
Auab'ia, avowed Jesuita are now the chief mini
ten ofthe country. ln Silesia, a Jemit's Miasion
ary Aasociation hu been fonned for tbe purpose
of pe"erting America ; in PnJ1sia, onder the
Archbishop of Cologne, they are shaking to it
centn that ancient Protestant nation ; in Hanover,
they are intriguing to disturb the rei gn ing dynastyj
iD Belgiurn, they have suceeeded in throwing otr
tbe govemment oC Proteatant Holland; in China,
they an parsuing a coune of triampant miesion
uy exertion ; in the South Seas, they are 1JWarm
iag aad formia 11 1ettlementa m every eligible
island ; and iD lndia, they are eraftily forcing their
way iato th.e coofideace of the Government, and
ilm, the pouellllion of an unlimited sway over a
portioo ef the people. A.nd, who ean say, that
1-e, II Great Britam, we are free from Popery'
that
Jelllitieal incunioos. By law- it is n
ali JNUiu should be registered in Englan
and
they are absolutely forbidden to 1ettle in Ire anel,
1- the English registration is a ivce, and in the
IDter COUDtry tbey para.de tb.rough \M \t.-. u

92

TBE 1ES111TS EXl'OSED,

breadth of the lnd without one whispe r of n

picion, or one attempt to restrain them from the
Executive Government. At Maynooth in Kil
dare, their doctrines are taught to the instructon
of the whole population ; and at Stoneyhurst in
Lancashire, and Blairs at Aberdeen, they super
intend the education of the Popish laity and
clergy. But these are only their aclmowledged,
recognised, and public movements. ln private,
they insinuate themselvea into every circle, and as
sume successively each form that is likely to en
trap the weak and unwary. They stop at no scru
pies, they hesitate at no diffieulties, they lose no
time in considerations of convenience and in fean
of personal perils, but they go on fearless, reck
leu, and shameless, apuming all obstacles, reject
ing the control of conscience, warring against
the happineas of man, and derogating from the
hononr of God. ln political affairs they are al
ways ready for mischie they are the general dit
turbera of the State, and the constant advocates
for Chartism and revolution. They are now en
deavouring to sap the morals of the population by
introduring Socialism and an atheistical system of
education, to destroy the Established Church, to
disturb the security of property, and to taint the
character of the Court. Continually fresh mines
are sprung, and fresh conspiracies are arranged.
They sow disunion among Protestants by artful
misrepresentations of genuine Protestant doc
trines, while the follies, the vices, the idolatry,
and the persecuting dogmas of Popery are as
cunningly palliated or concealed.
The Jesuits are destitute of all principie; their
aims and dsigns are all worldly, their meanscor-

ta

arid their ends dishonourable both to God

man. They compa11 heaven and. earth to
3 proselytes; and, therefore, should not be
1itted to establish themselves in this free and
,stant country. Their impious doctrine of
wility virtually overtums the two great mles
orality, our duty to God and our neighbour,
r have besides, a convenient dootrine which
oall pkilosophical sin, which consista in teach
bat the divine law obligea the sinner no fa,.
than it is actually intimated to him, and pre
with bis mind at the time of ainning. They
msly teach that if a maa does flOt f'ejlecl on
vil of the crime at the moment of the com
on, he does not Bin, even althoagh he does
te the law of God. lf, however, be abould
1t on its evil, but only regard it as contrary
uon and propriety, without thinking of God
,temal punishment, then they teach that he
only against reason but not against God.
ia what they call philo1op!iical sin, and which
aay merits only temporal punishment; but ia
sin against God and 4eserving eternal con
aation. At this rate ao ingenious sinner may
,ly escape the conimission of sin ; for their
ines of probability and philosophical sin cover
.finnities, remove original sin, suit every man,
forma the excuie for the most atrocious
11. N evertheless, " they are to be held ac
d," (Gal i. 8, 9,) even though they were
la who preach doctrines so diametrically op
I to the letter and spirit of the Gospel.
eh is the real and most appalling position of
'I in this country at the. present moment
t then is the duty of a.\\. honea\ a't\ '&\'\\."-"

94
Protestants at sueh a peculiar and alanning
erisis 1 Is not apathy under existing eireum
stanees a -crime 1 These are questiona well wortb
eonsidering, and absolutely neeessary to be deter
mined. The signs of the time are fearful ruid
ommous, the enemy is awake, united, and active1
the most valuable institutions of the natio)l are in
danger; treason within, and violent hostility
abroad, are rife. Jesuits, the subtle and malig
nant foes of mankind, and the experieneed deter
mined advoeates of perseeution, are the leaders
of the opposite party; they are daily increasing
and growing bolder, and therefore no farther ex
cuses or delays ean be justitied on the part of any
conseientious man who values the national inter
eats, at stake in the present arduous struggle.

HISTORY
OJ' TBB

'

,_

GUNPOWDER PLOT,

r-

rs
ig

, s-

DJ
.er-

FIFTH OF NOVEMBER,

1605

.... L Wbrter. O. WL Pacy, Fawteo. Caleaby, T. W'mw.

l W111bL
GVJO'OWl>BB ooll'IB.A.TOBa.

rJFTH OF NOVEMBER;
Oll

GUNPOWDER TREASON.
m reign of Queen Elizabeth was a period of .
l and manifold manifestations of God' s power
nercy in dealing with nations faithful to Hie
. The mightiest armament ever 6tted out
1ent t subdue this island ; its enterprise was
ed by the Pope, and the prayers of all Ro
sts ascended to heaven for its success; but
..ord arose, and bis enemies were scattered ;
, straggling vessels arrived back in Spain,
antled and defeated, to tell of the fate of all
est which had perished in the waves, or lay
m on the shorc. Conspiracy after conspiracy
rormed against the life o the Sovereign, Po
proclaimed in plain accents, that in her case
g would be no murder, her subjects were ab
d from their allegiance, some of her prfnci
.obles rose in rebellion, treason was fostered
,ghout the kingdom, and Ireland, time after
was rent by commotion and plunged in civil
But over ali these machinations and dis
'8 there was an omnipotent and e\em1'.\t()\.-

98

GVl'll'OW.DD PLOT.

dence which stilled the tumult of the people, and

saved the Monarch from the poison or the dagger,
and the country from the triumph of the traitor.
And thus at length the mbjects of Elizabeth re
grded hera almost as a charmed life, and sat each
man under his own vine and hls own figtree, none
daring to make him afraid. All who were loyal,
however, looked forward to the period of her death
with deep anxiety, not knowing what new jea
lousies might be fomented, or what new perils
braved. lt was indeed a time of great solicitude,
for Elizabeth had governed with so firm and steatly
a hand, had chosen for her counsellors such wise
and honest ministers, and had been blessed with
such remarkable prosperity, that her people haviog
experienced the blessings of this kind of sway,
might well dread the rule of a stranger. This
feeling, in the quainf and homely, but forcible
language of lhe lime, is expressed in the Prefar.e
of the translation of the English Bible, wherein
it ia presented and dedicated to Elizabeth's sue
cessor, Kiug James:
" Great and manifnld were the blesnngs, mosl
dread Sovereign, which Almighty God, the Fathcr
of all mercies, be,towed on tts the people of Eng
land, when.ftnt he sent your Majesty's Royal per
son to rule and reign oier us. For whereas it toas
lhe expectation of many, who wished nol well vnto
our Sion, that upon the setting of that bright occi
dental star, Queen Elizabeth of mosl happy me
mory, some thick and palpable clouds ,of darknus
would so hat:e oiershadawed this land, that men
,hould have been in doubt which way they were '"
walk; and that it should hardly be known who u,as
to dirtcl Ie u1uettle sta.te ; the appearance of

G"1U'OWDEI. l'LOT,

99

yO'll,r Majesty, a, of lhe nn in his 1lren.gth, iut11n.l

ly dispelled those supposed and surmi,ed mills, au
gaTJe unto all tha,t were well affect ed exceeding
eause of comfort ; e.pecially when we beheld the.
GoTJernment established in your Highness, all
yO'll,r hopeful seed, by an undoubted title, and this
al$o accompanied with peace and tranq1iillity at
home and abroad,
" But among all our joys, tltere was no one more
filled our hearts, than the blessed continuance of
ilte preaching of Gotf s sacred Word aong us,
wnich is that inestimable treasure which excelleth
all lhe riches of the earth ; because the fruit there
of exten1th itself, not 011ly to the time spent in this
transitory world, but directeth an disposeth men
unto that eternal happinm which i1 above in
hea11en."

lt was indeed a great mercy to the nation that

Almighty God had raised up to Queen Elizabeth
,uch wise counsellor111 as prepared for King James's
aeeession to the throne ; who, by the energy of
their mvements, established him in its possession
on the Qaeen's death before the disaffeeted had
time to eoneert resistanee, or to rally round the
standard of a Pretender. And it was also a
manifestation of great mercy to this nation, that
there wns provided as Elizabeth's sueeessor, one
ao well ealculated for such troublous times as
King James-a man with a deep-rooted abhor
renre of the soul-destroying heresies of Rome,
yet of a moderate and tolerant disposition. To
him at once the hearts of the population turned
and, as if by rntgie, was the possessor of the erown
ehanged, without the unsettlement of ono single

.,,

16361.4:

law, or the ahedding of one drop of blood, or tb.e

oppression of one. single aubject.
And here fell the hopes of the Church of Rome.
Elizabeth was dead ; that event had happened
"which they had 11triven to hasten, and for whlch
they had so eaTOestly longed, and yet they were
no nearer to their loved supremacy.
At one,
therefore, all among them who had both stake in
the country and a degree of independence of
Jesnit influence, resolved to pursue the Y.stem of
conciliating the new Oovemment, and, aa if wil
lingly and cheerfully, disclaimed hostility to the
King or the national instutions. Not so the many
Romanista and the Jesuits in whom the principies
of their Church were more deeply seated. They
had thus lost their leader1, but they were resolved
not to lose their end ; they could no longer engage
in powerful conspiracies, but were driven to secret
cabals, and from open rebellion to private mnrder.
Of one plot, by some of thOMI men concerted, we
have now to give a description, and truly it may
be called in the Act of Parliament commemorat
ing the event, and ordered to be read in churohes,
" An lnvention So lnhuman, Barbarous, and
Cruel, As The Like Was Never Before Heard
Of:" We mean the famous (or infamous) Gu1i
fJ()'lJ)der Treaso,-.
The conspirators were thirteen in number :Robert Cate,by,
Sir Everard Digby,
Robert Winter,
Ambrose Rookwood,
Thomas Percy,
Francis Tresham,
Thomas Winter,
John Orant,
John Wright,
Robert Keys,
Christopher Wright,
Ouy Faukes,
And Bates, the servant. of Catesby.

U!O'OWDER. PLOT,

101

Three Jemits also, Gamet, Gerrard, anel Tee

mo!'d, who was al!IO called Greenway, were aware
of the design, if they did not counsel and arrange
it; never, indeed, as has been well remarked, was
. there a treason in those days without a J ..suit at
the bottom of it; and such probably is the caso
now.
Of these conspirators, Catesby, Rookwood,
Tresham, Percy, and Sir Everard Digby, were
men of wealth 1md ancient family. Guy Faukes
was an adventurer who had served under the
Spanish King as a soldier, and who appears to
have been bigoted in his religion, and ready for
every desperate enterprise to maintain it. Bates
was Catesby's servant, taken into the conspiracy
and swom to secrecy, when it was feared that he
knew or 111spected it, and the rest all appear to
have heen men of education and property.
King James the First ascended the throne in
the early part of 1603. At that time the plan
had been conceived by Catesby. For nearly three
yean therefore was secrecy kept of one of the
most horrible maesacres ever contemplated by the
unregenerate heart of man. So tight is the seal
of the confessional I so benumbing to the con
acience is Popery t
Catesby first communicated bis design to Tho
mas Wmter and John Wright, the former of
whom engaged Guy Faukes to join it. Subse
quently Percy joined them, and they met in a
room near St. Clement's Church, Catesby and
Winter alone knowing the whole plan, and keep
ing it partially and for a time secret from the rest.
lt was there determined that an oath of secresy
abould be imposed; and accorcling\'J, n'-"'l'm'f. v.\\.

lot
aaken it on a Primer, they heard mau (rom tbe
.JellUt Gerard, and at hi1 hands received the sa
craroent. The whole BOheme wa1 then revealed
to Perey, Faukes, and Wright, and all readily
agreed to engage in it. The plan was *1iat they
lhould undennine the House o{ Lord.a, place a
quantity of gunpowder undemeath it, and by thi s,
when the King should open Parliament, blow it
up, with the Prince of W ales, the nobles, and the
Common1 ; that Percy, in the panic, having an
office at Court, and access to the palace, should
seize the Duke of York, and that a body of Pa
pista should assemble on Dunsmore Heath, under
pretence of a hunting-match, to seize also the
Princesa Elizabeth, who was then on a Tiait to
Lord Harrington, in Warwickshire.
A house adjoining the House of Lords was
then hired by Per;ey, wbo employed Fauke1 as
bis keeper, nJJder the. !)ame .of Johnson. Gun
ppwder was procured from Flande.rs, and placed
m house at Laml>eth, wb.ere Catesby frequently
lodged ; and this hoW1e was t,hen entnid to
Keys, who at this period (the ammer of 1604,)
waa admitted into the.conspiracy. Thu1 far their
p,:oceedings had gone, when Parliament was ad
joumed till the ensuing February, 1605. "Fhe
eonspir,aton conseqneny left to, apd tJ:avelled
in variou. direction1 to avoid , 1111piciou. Tbey
assembled agaiQ, ho,vever, very 1bortly, 11d af.
ter some unexpecte4 lap in getting possession
of Percy'1 house, which sometimes was used fo,
Parliamentary buainess, they commenced ope
tions by beginning, on the llth December, 1604,
to dig through the wall whicb separated bis house
from tbe qellar of the IJouse of Lords.
Here

108
they worked till Christmas-eve ; but tben finding
that Patliament was again adjourned to the fol
lowiog Ootober, they ceased for a time their la
boms. ln spring they added Christopher Wright
and Robert \Vinter to their party, recommenced
operations, and went on with them until Easter.
The wall through whioh they had to penetra.te
was nine feet thick, and of a very hard substance ';
and none of them being at all accustomed. to
manual labour, they made slow progress. It was
therefore with great delight that they seized an
opportunity of hiring the cellar of the House of
Lords itself, which happened to be let about this
time, an opportunity which they regarded as a re
markable omen of succeBS. Tbe plan then hav
ing heen communicat.ed to Bates (the servant of
Catesby), who with Catesby nd Winter received
11bsolution from Tesmond the Jesuit on confessing
it, and to Sir Everard Digby, Tresham (who sup
plied money towards its expense ), and subse
quently to Rookwood and Grant, it only remained
to convey their materiais privately into the cel
lar, and to make arrangements at home and
abroad to follow up with success their scheme,
when the first fearful blow ahould be struck. And
now Parliament baving been again prorogued, a
definite day (tbe ever memorable 5tb of Novem
l,er, 1605), was 6xed for its opening. Tbe pow
der was placed in readiness, arrangements were
made for its ignition, and on tbe diacovery tbat the
Prince of W ales would not be present with bis
father, a plan was settled for bis capture. And
thu waa this deed of darkness carried to the
point of execution. Ten days only bad to elapse
Wore the fatal moment ; all. thingt. 'Me.te. "\.

(().i

OUJIPOWl>U PLOT

pared, and the whole Romanist body, though not

aequainted with the particulars, looked anxioutly
forward to some great catastrophe, by which, they
were told, their de1poti1m was once more to be
e1tabli1hed. The Government had informatioo
from abroad that something treasonable waa go
ing on ; but ao carefully and successfully waa it
veiled, that thcy eould gain no clue to the con11pi
racy, of which m silent apprehen1ion ther. waited
the issue. But man'1 extrenity is God I oppor
tunity. The time had come for the baffling of
the traitors' impioua design. By a procesa the
most remarkable, thia foul secret w to be
dragged to light, and the monarchy, freedom, anel
religion of the nation saved from annihilation.
On the evening of the 26th October, by an un
known hand, the following letter waa left at the
house of Lord Monteagle, a Roman Catholic :
" My lord,
"Out of t.le [ove 1 bear to 10,ne of JOtW
friends, 1 have a eare of JOU,r preservation ; there
fore 1 toould, aoile you, a, you. tender you.r life, to
evise some exc,ue to shift off you.r attendance at
tlai, parliament ; for God and man have concurre
to p11,ni1A the toickedne11 of thi, time. lld thi,Jc
110t 1lightly of thi, advertim,unt, but retire yov.r
,elf into your cou.ntry, tohere you may expect IM
event in safety. For th.ou.gh there be no appet,r
a11ce of any 1tir, yet I say they shall receive a
terrible blow at th11 Parliament, and yet they shall
not see who hurts them. This cou.niel i, not to bt
contemned, because it may do you good, an ca11
do you. no harm ; for the danger is past as 11000 aa
you have burnt the letter : and 1 hope God toiU

. 09ftl'OWDB l'LO'l'.

105

Ki-,,e i!e gra,ce lo make a good tue of it, to

tohose l,,oly protecti01l I commend you."
Thus personally' and publicly threatened, and
evidently as one of the parliament, Lord Montea
gle at once conveyed tbe letter to King James's
celebrated Minister, ecil, Earl of Salisbury.
Whence the letter carne, however, it was impos
sible for him to tell, nor indeed to this day has it
been ascertained, though it is probable that it was
written by Tresham, who waa related to Lord
Monteagle, and might natura:lly be anxious to
eave his life. Nor could he assist in discovering
its meaning. Cecil, also, and the rest of .the Coun
cil whom he consulted were baffled ; but deeming
it ofimportance they resolved to lay it before the
King; which waa aocordingly done on the 3lst of
October. James was a man oflittle courage, and
therefore was much disposed to view it seriously.
His father too had perished by a.n explosion of
gunpowder, and this might, under the circumstan
ces, naturally occur to him. He therefore at once
sugsted tht the sentence, " Tlt.ey sltall receit'e
ti terril>le hluu, at thi, Parliament, and yet shall
,wt ,ee tco hurt, them," meant an attempt by
gunpowder on t}le assembled Parliameut ; and he
thought the sentence, "for the danger is over as
as you have burnt this letter,'' meant as
q11,ickly as you have burnt this letter, which seemed
to confirm his opinion. Subsequently this irnpres
aion appears also tci have been made on the Coun
cil and the Lord Chancellor, hy whom on the fol
lowing day (Saturday, the 2d inst.) it was deter
mined that a Fearch of the vaults of the House of
Lords, should be made. This delay deceived the
conapiraton. Through Lord M.outea\1, 1.t'l-a..\.

. '"

106

GOJIPOWDD l'LO'l'.

tbey had heard of the letter, and that it had been

carried to the Council j but 6nding that no aearch
was made, their hopes revived, and trusting that
the letter had been disregarded, . they stationed
Faukes on Monday, the 4th insl, in charge of the
train, with a watch in bis pocket (in those days an
unusual omament), by which he might know the
e:ract hour to fire it On that day the search
was made as had been determined, but it extended
no furtlier than to the cellat of Percy' 1 house, in
which the Lord Chamberlain saw Guy Faukea,
and a large quantity of fuel, which excited suffi
cient suspicions to induce him at once to return to
the Council and announce the facts. Lord Mont
eagle also then stated his belief that Percy waa
the writer of the letter. But this report of the
Lord Chamberlain was only the foundation of an
opinion, that it was intended to consume the Houae
of Lords by fire, a plan which did not seem to an
swer the deacription in the letter f the intended
blow. King James insisted on the necessity of a
more narrow search, being still convinced that
the fuel was placed there to conceal the gunpow
der. At midnight, therefore, Sir Thomas Knivet,
a magistrate of Westminister, with a small band,
suddenly proceeded to the search, and there in the
cellar was Faukes, who had just completed all hi1
arrangements, and was about, for a. time, to leave
bis post of iniquity and periL Going further they
found, on removing the coais and wood, first, one
barrei of gunpowder, and then more, till at length
the number of thirty-six was discovered. Guy
Faukes was then sea1ched, and on him they found
matches, the wa.tch, and arms. At four o'clock
in the morning, Sir Thomu Knivet returned to

107
Whitehall, tbe whole Council wu at once asaem
bled, and there a ew houn before the time con
certed for launching them all into eternity, atood
before tbem tbe detected conspirator ;-a memor
able and marvelloua proof of God's never-failing
providence, and of hia faithflneas and power. To
Him, to Him alone, be praiae aacribed for the dis
covery. He in whose hands are the hearts of
men, who tumeth them whithersoever he will,
had caused a conspirator, whose conscience al
lowed him to sacrifice hundreds, to interpose to
aave one. He had by tbat interposition thrown
light on this dark and awful treason, just at the
oment when the train was ready for its explo
5100.

The other conspirators fled. Within one hour

after Sir Thomas Knivet's retum tbey heard of
the discovery through a message left at Lord
Monteagle's, summoning him to assist in the search
for Percy; ant once most of them started for
Warwickshire, where they assembled to concert
fature measures as they had before arranged.
Meanwhile l,ondon was in the height of excite
ment; tbe intelligence, probably with many ex
aggeration8, was conveyed fr!) m man to man, and
thenctt- into the country, where at once revived
t.bat determined apirit of abhorrence of Popery, the
foul autbor of so rnany crimes, the parent of 80
many perils to thia nation, which alerward8 80
long and S usefully reigned. in the hearts of Eng
liabmen.
The hour for retributive justice was now at
hand. The con8pirators, for8aken on all sides,
were hunted through the country, till wearied aml
clespairing, they took refuge in the hou.e ()\\\.'\\..

108 1
Littleton, at Holbeach, in Stafl'ordahire. Here
they were speedily surrounded and aasailed by the
Sherifl: A contest enaued in which some guii
powder exploded, whereby the hoWMl wa1 set in
tlames, anel Catesby, Rookwood, and Grant were
seriously injured; even by the very inatnunent o
deatructioo they had prepared for ors I The
Sheriff"a men now gained entrance, anda furiou
struggle ensued; Cateaby. and Percv fought back
to back with desperate cow-age, and at length fell,
slain it is said oy the same shot. The two W rights
were also killed, Rookwood and one of the Win
ters were wounded, and the rest were captured.
'fresham was aptured in London, and Robert
Winter, Gamct, and Sir Everard Digby, were ar
rested soon after. Of theee, Treaham died in
prison, and the rest were brought to triai, and paio
the penalty of their crime&
Tresham and Sir Everard Digby confeesed their
guilt, Faukes, Thomas Winter, anel.Bates, Robert
Winter, Grant, and Rookwood, did likewise fter
wards.._ From their confessions and examinationa,
and the speech of Sir Edward Coke fD the triai,
much uaefl ioformation may be collected ; and
in the latter, especially, the important facts are
insiated on, that even prior to the Reformation,
thia country, by severa! Acts of Parliament, had
renoWl<led 111bjection to the See of Rome ; that
the proceedings of the Jesoita in England were not
of a treasonable chuacter till after tf1e Buli of
Pope Pius the Fifth had been published to autho
rize ach conduet ; and that during the reign of
Elizabeth the exeeutions of Romanists in all case
were not for thcir religion but for grose acts of
treuoa.

GVlll'OWDD Plm,

lot

It wu diacovered that the intluence or Gamet

the Jesuit had been exerted to stimulate the con
spiratora, when even Catesby ahrunk from sacri ,
ficing ao many Roman Catholic Peers with the
other victima. And though in this manner he
was a party to one of the foulest tragedies eve1
designed, tbough on bis triai he not only equivo
cated but juatified equivocation, he was held as a
martyr after hia execution, a straw was exhihited
on which bis blood had dropped, and on which there
waa 1aid to be a miraculous picture ofhis face. At
Rome a print of this straw was published and sold,
and he was declued a martyr hy Mie Pope, who
also beatified him in due form. Whether Ro
manista now pray to him or for him, we are not
concerned to inquire, and can merely lament the
" strong delusion" of men, some of them of the
highei;t degree of intellect, who can revere this
wicked plotter in a treason, which for iniquity and
cold hlooded cruelty has and can have few parallels.
Had the King been a Papist, and the conspira
tora Protesto.nts, the discovery of so fearful a de
sign would have been the signal for a general per
secution. Less than thirty yeara before, Paris and
all the chief towns of France, on the mere imagi
nation ofa conspiracy, were (on St. Bartholomew's
day) drenohed with hlood; in Spain and Italy the
moat dreadful penecutions were going on ; in Ire
land, soon after, there was a fearful mllSt'acre of
Protestants, and fifty yeara afterwards in Tyrol
there were infilcted on tbe Protestant population,
crueltiea which beggu description. Such was
then the spirit of Popery. But it was ditferent
with Proteatant England. So cautiously did King
Jaau dn.11 frotA cvrbi11g Gn cliacov.1'0.gi11.g &-

110
Hil to t4e nleM wiic:i 1 ,u,.ul ,ucu1ar1
for 1elfdtfeMe, t"4t At va, lia1elf nupected by M
all portim& of hu people of a leani1'g to Poper1,
He restored to the children of the traitora their
forfeitd estatea, and seemed, in fact, more anxioue
than ever to conciliate all foes.
The Romanists in the present day have endea
voured to escape from the odium of this tranaac
tion ; but their attempt, are fruitless. The con
spirators were (with the exception of Bates and
Faukes) men capable of judging between right
and wrong, who advisedly and deliberately took
up the cause, received the sacrament after swear
ing secrecy in it, and were not only absolved, but
encouraged by their priests. And the principles
upon which they proceeded are the principies
which, to this day, are inculcated by the Church
ofRome. The third Canon ofthe Fourth Lateran
Council, expressly anathematizes and excommuni
cates each prince who does not " cleanse his coua
try of heretical filth," and gives power to the Pope
to absolve the vassals of such a prince from their
oaths of allegiance. This Fourth Lateran Coun
cil is expressly recognized by the last General
Council, the Council of Trent, ali of whoae de
crees every Papist undoubtedly admita ; and Reif.
fensteul, a cla111-book of the College of Maynooth,
where, to the ahame of British Protestants, Popiah
priests are educated at the nation'a cost, quotea
that canon no lesa than eighteen times. Cardinal
Bellarmine, too, and others of the very highest
Popish authoritiea, have over and over again aa
&erted the principies on which the 5th N ovember
conspirators actod,-principles which in the chief
.tandard booka of t.he 14mJ&a11geable Church oC

011JU'OWDBll P.LOT.

11

Rome may be found to thia day. lt is, therefore,

absurd to suppose (nothing can be more so) that
the principles on which these men acted are ob
aolete or extinct. Such a supposition can only
lead to dangerous alliances with an Antichristian
system, or. gender a false peace with them, who
even now we believe, though in ways more calcu
Jated in these times to effect purposes, are plotting
the rnin of the British institutions, and destruction
ofthe independence ofthe monarchy.
.
When Parliament met after the discovery, an
Act waa passed at once to record and to com
memorate the event. ln it the three estales of
the realm solemnly acknowledged the great mercy
of God in saving them and the nation from the
fearful catastrophe. Have we not still cause for
thankfulnesa on the sarne account i Had succesa
attended the design, had the King and chief
nobles, and dignitaries, and commoners of the
land perished, had the heir of the throne heen
aeized, and succesa heen achieved by men who
could so wickedly act ol) such diabolical principies,
this nation, probahly, wodld DDt now be as she is,
the most free, and the most powerful in the world,
but like other Popish lands, like Spain, Portuga
and lreland, tom, distracted, and degraded ; or
like Austna, Bavaria, and ltaly, the seat of des
potism and ignorance, of poverty, and of crime.
'fhe Bihle, which so soon after that conspiracy
was by King Jame1's command carefully trans
lated from the original, and published in the vul
gar tongue, would be a sealed book, and the free
dom and happiness, the peace and enlightenment
with which it has pleased God to bless this
favored land, would have been lost, roba.hl1 for

112

GURPOWDD PLOT.

ever. Rooted in blood, the offspring of foul and

wholesale murdera, the new Government would
have been settled and established by foreign force,
and consequently would be compelled to oppreu,
in order to govem a relutant people. But it wu
not the destiny of this country thus to suB"er.
The treason was diacovered, the blow averted, and
the kingdom saved. Well then may we yearly
commemorate thi1 wonderful deliverance, acknow
ledging in it the power and mercy of the Lord,
and trusting tbat if we return to " the old paths,"
- and become faitbful to His trutb, He will continue
to be gracious, aaving us as a nation, and our
aovereign and rulers in particular, from all the aa1aulta of secret treason .and of open violenee.
Nor, let it be remembered, ia the 11ational e
cape from the Gunpowder conspiracy the only
event which wo have to commomorate on the 5th
November. On that day, in the year 1688, there
landed in England William Prince of Orange, by
wbom, through the meroy of Almighty God, the
country was delivered from Popery and arbitrary
power. The reigning monarch, James the Second,
had endeavoured to subvert the liberty of. tho
people, and to abolish their religion ; but in due
aeason, wbile all hia plan1 were proceeding, the
Lord raised up for our forefathers a zealous and
noble deliverer, by whom the scbemes of tbe Mo
narch were defeated, and the rights of tbe people
were recognised and established. At that timo
the Constitution was settled by the wisdom of
some of the most eminent statesmen that eve1
lived,-happy would it have, been for the country
if that settlement had never been disturbed I
. But for the blesaing whieh, while it lasted entire

G'IJNPOWDD. PLOT,

113

the Constitution produced to us as a nation-for

the privilegN which the remainder of it now im
parts, let us still be bumbly grateful to the Giver
of every good and every perfect gift, remembering
. wbat marvellous mercies we have formerly ex
perienced ; and on that recollection, thanking God
and taking courage in our struggle for the princi
ples which, in days gone by, were purcbased so
dearly, and were cherishcd ao fondly by the re
formed and liberated inhabitants of this favoured
island.

MASSACRE
OJ'

ST. BARTHOLOIEW'B DAY AT PARIS,

A, D, 1572.

THE ear of our Lord 1572 hu been deaignated

by LorJ Clarendon " that infamous yeu," OD ac
count ofthe savage and inhumanmassacre whioh
took place in it, whieh has ever since been called
the Massacre of St. Bartholemew, from tbe day
(Aug. 24) on whioh it was begun at Paris; aa
event, he adds, " attended and accompanied with
all the foul dissimulation and most horrid perjury
that ever added to the defonnity of any wicked
noss." The Duke of Sully writes i bis Me
moirs, " If I was inc}ined to increue the general
horror, inapired by an action so barbarous as
that perpetrated on the 2tth of Aogust, 1572,
and too well known by the nanie of the Ma&llaCre
of Bt. Bartholemew, l ahould enlarge upon the
mnnber, the quality, tbe virtoes, aml great
ta.lenta of tboae who we:re inhuman}f Dl11rdered
on 1hia horrible day, well in Paria u in
every part of tbe kiugdetn'i I shoaLl mention:
leaat a part ofthe ignominious-treatment, andthe
odioua cmelties, tbe.e

uaht.m

11

MAIIS.CllE OF ST. BARTHOLOMEWII D,ll',

from their enemies, who sought in infficting death

to add paina more terrible than death tsel(
I have writinga atill in my hanch, which would
confirm the report of the court of France having
made the most preuing instances to the neighbour
ing courts to follow ita example with regard to
the Proteatanta, or at least to refuae an asylum to
those unfortunate people ; but I prefer the bonour
of the nation to the aatiafying a malignant plea
aure, which many persona would take in length
ening out a recital, wherein might be found the
namea of those who were so loat to humanity
as to dip their hands in the blood of their fellow
citizens, and even their own relationa. 1 would,
were it in my power, for ever obliterate the me
mory of a day which waa followed by the Divine
nngeance upon Franoe, during aix-and-twenty
auoceuive yean of diaaaters, carnage, and horror;
for it ia not pouible to judge otherwiae, if we re
fteot on ali that paaaed from that fatal moment to
the peaoe of 1598. It ia with regret that I
cannot omit what happened upon this oocaaion to
the prinoe who ia tbe subjeet of theae memoin,
and to myeelt:"
Two yean before, .Aug., 15, 1570, peace had
been coooluded between the oourt of France and
.the Hugnenota or Proteatants ; amneaty for the
paat, and permiBIon for the Huguenota to live in
every part of the kingdom, unmoleated on acoount
of their religion,' were two of ita provwom.
Tbe policy of tbe court of France towarda that
portion of its aubjeota was on a audden altogether
changed i their chiefs, lately abhorred, we:re
oourted, bonoured, and advanced ; and the great
.ma. of &heir followen. ,ibote euermination had

lU8DU

o, BT, BaTBOLOJI.YI JIAT.

117

been often not only menaced but attempted,

was protected by authority, and encouraged to re
aort to the shield of the law. ln the following
year, 1571, the Admira! Colign y, who had been
elected cbief of the Huguenot Association, was
received at Court with distinguished honours: the
king, Charles IX., restored him to bis seat in
Council ; presented him with a largeBS of 100,000
crowns, as an indemnity for his losses in the past
troubles ; addresaed him as couain-adding, how
ever, in these ambiguous words, "Now that we
have once got you by our side, you shall not bere
after qnit it hastily, nor at your pleasure." His
rival the Duke of Guise qnitted the court for a
11eaaon, in seeming disgust at the honoun and
confidence thas bestowed upon him.
On the 18th of Aagust, 1752, the yoang King
of Navarre, who profeseed the reformed religion,
was married to Margaret, sister of Charles IX.
h appeared u if the palace had been cleared of
the principal memben of the hostile party of the
Duke of Gnise, expresaly for the reception of the
Huguenots ; and they, for the moet pan, mrren
dered themselves to a willing belief in the sin
cerity of the court. The admirai, in particular,
in spite of many warninga, professed implicit con
6dence in tbe promises of bis sovereign ; and de
clared that so many years of bis long life had
been harassed by alarma, tbat now he would ra
tber be dragged by a book througb the streets of
Paria than have recourse to civil war for bis pro
tection.
On tbe 24th, tbe festival of St. Bartholemew,
neceuary measures baving been taken, and plan1
regularly organized, the ringing o{ t'ne \\.1. ffl. 'la

118 .til&AOH ar IT, IWlTIIOU>KW DAY,

churob of St. Germain l' AuxerroI for matina Wlil
the signal for commencing the work of hlood.
Besides the military, ,to whom the Duke ofGuise
had given orders, the municipal police, who had
received similar in,tructions from the provost of
the merchants, were assembled at the Hotel de
Ville, or Town-hall ; and, lest in the yet uncer
tain twilight, any fatal mistake might array the
assasains against each other, every man destined
for the bloody service wrapped a white scarf
round his left arm, andflaced a crou of the sarne
colour in bis hat ; an that there might not be
any want of mflicient instruments, pain1 were
taken to inflame the fury of the populace, by dark
whispera of a conspiracy among the Reformed ;
by using the king's name a, autbority for their ex
termination ; hy offering pillage as a bribe to the
mercenary ; and by exciting a belief among tbe
timid that a atruggle bad arisen in wbich the
Iety of every person of the establi1hed religion
would be. compromiaed, if he suffered a aingle
Huguenot to escape.
. The Admiral Coligny was first put to death in
the midat of bis domestica, by a man named Bes
mes--a dependent during bis wbole life of the
Duke of Guise-the duke and the Chevalier de
Guise remaining below. A sword being driven
througb bis body, and a deep gasb made acroas
bis face, bis remain1 were thrown out of tbe win
dow ; and hia bead being cut oif, it was with a
box of papers, containing, as wu aflinned, a me
moir of bis own times, conveyed to Catherine,
the queenmother. After being subjected during
three daya to tbe vilest indignities, tbe mangled
OOl'pH wu hung on th gibbet of Montfaucon,

whence the Manhal of Montmorency camed it

to be removed in the night and deposited at .
Chantilly. The domestica of Coligny were im .
mediately butcbered, and a simultaneoua work of
blood commenced. Many of the attendants on
the young King of Navane, and hia cousin the
Prince of Cond, who had been invited on the
preceding eve, with the principal gentlemen of
their suites, to lodge at the palace of the Louvre,
were put to death one by one.
About two thousand are aupposed to have been
murdered on the firat day of the massacre, and
the king and court, including Catherine, the mo
ther of Charles, and her }adies of ,honour, prome
naded at night to view the mangled and naked
remains. Among the victima were Antony de
Clermont, Marquia de Resnel, murdered by hia
own kinsman; and La Rol'hefoucault, in whoae
f{BY and brilliant society the king profe11ed to
find extraordinary attraction ; and had granted
him, although a Huguenot, unreserved accesa to
his privacy.
On the following moming, the enormities of
the precedmg day were renewed ; and although
the harvest of slaughter had been plentifully ga
thered already, care was taken to glean whatever
few scattered ears might remain behind : and the
priestl heightened the popular frenzy by the an
nouncement of a pretended miracle. ln the Ce, metry of the Holy lnnocents, a white thorn w
exhibited which had put forth unseasonable blos- ,
aoms ; and it was auerted to be an incontestable
evidence of the Divine favour and approbation.
Tbe citizena. were invited by beat of drum to
come and bebold the prodigy; -whicb. ,iu., '".

1t0: KUMOJm n BAUROMIUW'a DAI.

pounded to be a symbol o( the reviva! of tbe
glory of France and oC the reaurrection of ber
fonner great.neu, in conaequence of the downfall
of Proteatantiam.
Tbe aocount of the Duke of Sully (who waa at
the tirne in the twelth year of bis age,) continues
thua: " 1 waa in bed, and awaked from aleep three
houra after midniglu by tbe aound of bells, and the
confu11ed cries of the populace. My tutor SL Ju
lian, with my valet de ohambre, went bastily out
to know the canae, and I never afterwards heard
of them ; they were without doubt, amongst the
fint tbat were sacri.ficed to the publio fu ry. 1 con
tinued alone in my chamber, dressing myselt;
when in a few moments I aaw my landlord enter,
pale, and in the utmost confusion: he was of the
reformed religion, and having learned what the
matter was, had oonaented to go to mass to save
hi, life and preserve bis houae from being pillaged,
He came to penuade me to do the same, and to
take me with him. 1 did not think proper to fol
low him, but resolved to try if I could gain tbe
College ofBurgundy, where I had studied; though
tbe great diatance between the house where I then
waa and the college made the attempt very dan
geroua. Having diaguiaed myself in a scbolar'a
gown, 1 put a large breviary under my arm, and
went into tbe atreet. 1 was seized witb honor in
expreuible at the sight of tbe furioua murderer.,
who, running from all parta, forced open the hou888,
and cried aloud, ' Kill, kill I mauaore the Hugue
nots I' The blood whicb I saw shed before my
eyea redoubled my terror. 1 fell into the midat
of a body of guards ; they stopped me, interro1ated me, and were beginning to uae me ill, when,

bappily r me, the book that I oarried was pel'

ceived, and served me for a passport. Twice
after thia I fell into the sarne danger, from which
I eirtricated myself with the same good fortune.
At latit I arrived at the College of Burgundy,
where a danger still greater than any I had yet
met with awaited me. The porter having twice
refuaed me eummce, I continued standing in the
street, at the meroy of the furioas murderera,
whose numbera increaaed every moment, and who
were evidently aeeking for their prey, when it
carne into my mind to uk for La Faye, the prin
cipal of this college, a good man, by whom I waa
tenderly beloved. The porter, prevailed upoa by
some small piecea of money whicb I put into bis
hand, admitted me j and my friend took me to
hi, apartment, wher-e two inhuman priests, whom
I heard diacoursing about the Sicilian vespera,
tried to force me from him that they might cut me
in pieces, saying, the order was not to spare even
infants at the breast. All the good man could
do wu to conduct me privately to a distant cham
ber, where he locked me up. Here I was con
fined three days, uncertain. of my deatiny; and
aaw no one but a servant of my friend's, who carne
from tone to time to bring me provisions.
" A.t the end of theae three days, the prohibition
for mardering and pillaging any more of the Pro
testanta being publiahed, I was suffered to leave
my cell; and immediately after, 1 saw Ferriere
and La Vieville, two soldiers of the guard, who
were dependentl of my father, enter the college.
Tbey were armed, and carne, without doubt, to
rescue me by force wherever they ahould find me.
They informed my father of wb.a.\ n.a"9

I IIAIIAOJlB O, lt', JWLTBOI.Ollftll DlT,.

to me ; and eigbt daya afterwarda I reeeived a let,
ter from him, in which he expreaaed the feara he
had auff'ered on my account, and advi11ed me to
continue in Paris, aince the prince I aerved waa
not at liberty to quit it. He added, that to anid
expoaing myself to evident danger, it waa necea
sary I should resolve to follow that prince'a exam
ple, and to go to mass. ln faot, the King of
Navarre had found no other meana of saving hia
life. He was awaked, with the Prince of Cond,
two hours before day, by a great number of aol
diera, who rushed audaciously into their bedoham
ber in the Louvre, and inaolently commanded
them to dreu themselvea and attend the king.
They would not suffer the two princes to take
their sworda with them, who, as they passeei; be
held several of their gentlemen masaacred before
their eyea. The king waited for them, and re
oeived them with a oountenance in which fury waa
viaibly painted ; he ordered them, with oatha and
blasphemies, which were familiar with him, to
quit a religion which they had only taken up, he
said, to serve as a pretext for their rebellion. The
condition to whioh th,ese princest were reduoed,
Jamee de Segur Baron or Pardaillan, a Gucon; Ar
mand de Clermont, Baron of Piles, a Perigordin, &e. Gu
ton de Lem, Lord of Leyran, took. refoge under tbe Q.ueen
ofNuarre' bed, who &&Ted hia life. Some penoDB were 1ent
to Cha.tillon to 1eize Francia de Cht.tillon, tbe admirai' aon,
aiul Guy d'Andelot'a aon; but tbey both escaped, and fted to
Geneva. Armand de Gontault de Biroo wu 1&Ted. by forti
(ying hilll9elf in the anenal.
t A1 Henry went to tbe k.ing, Catherine ,rave ordera thal
tbey 1lu,uld lead him under tlie vaulta, and make him i
througb the guarde drawn up in files on each lide in mena
cing poelnrea. He trembled and recoiled two or three ltepl
"4ck, w.ben immediate\y Nu\-.C\utte, cap&ain ol&ra.

IIAll40U o:r 91', BilTBOLOJIN8 J>.l'f,

aia

eould not hinder them from manifeating how pain

fui it would be to tbem to obey hm. The king1
transported with anger, told them 1 in a fierne and
haughty tone, ' That he would no longer be con
tradicted in hia opiniona by his Jubjects; that they,
by their example, should teacb others to revere
him as the image of God, and cease to be ene
nes to tbe iinagea of Bis mother.' He ended by
declaring, that if they did not go to mass, he would
treat them as criminala guilty of treason against
human and Divine majesty. The manner in
whch these worda were pronounced, nol suffering
t.he princea to doubt but that they were sincere,
they yielded to necessity, and performed what was
required of them. Henry (king of Navarre) was
obliged even to send an edict into his dominions,
by whch the exercise of any other religion but lhe
Romiab waa forbidden. Though thia submission
preaerved his life, yet in other tbings he was not
better treated ; and he auffered a thousand capri
cioua insulta from the court. Free at intervals, he
waa most frequently closely confined, and treated
as a criminal ; ha domestica were sometime11 per
mitted to attend him, then they were forbidden on
a mdden to appear."
On the night of tbe massacre couriera were sent
to the chef towns througbout the kingdom, with
letters from the king to the several governora,
wbich advertiaed them of what waa paSBing in lhe
capital; the written despatchea conveyed by them
endeavoured to remove hw apprebensions ly swear
mg they 1hould do bim no hurt. Henry, though he gan
go on amidet tbe
bl little credit to hil worde, was oh,:;!:

earabinee and halbertl.-Perefixe'e

ry o Henry ihe
Onat..

..

contained soothing expreuions to the Huguenota,

whom it was neceuary to deceive till the provin
cial garrisons were strengthened j but to many of
tbem was annexed a short postscript, which en
joined the govemor to whom it was addreued &o
place implicit con6dence in the t1erbal oommuni
oation which the bearer was instructed to deliver.
From the day on whicb the courier arrived, tbe
streets of Lyons ran with blood ; and, in brie; tbe
massacre of Paris was repeated in otber towna:
at Meaux, on the 25th ; La Charite, on tbe 26tb;
Orleans, the 27tb j Saumur and Anger.; on the
29th ; Lyons, on tbe 30th ; Troyes, on Sept. 2d ;
Bourges, on the lOth; Rouen, on the 17tb; Ro
mana, on the 20th ; Toulouse, on the 23d ; Bour
deaux, on Oetober 3d. Tbe numben of tho.e
who perished, and neither age nor aex were ared,
are variously stated by different writen, from ten
to a hundred thousand : the opinion of De Thou,
a Popish historian, who fixes it at about 30,000,
is perhaps neareat the truth.
The king in announcing to tbe parliament that
the maS1&cre had been perpetrated by bia com
mand, attributed it to tbe diacovery of a conspiracy
by Coligny and the Huguenots against bimself
and the royal family; and on the Thursday of this
week of horrors he attended a solemn tbanksgiving
for the suppreasion of the fabricated conspiracy.
The last ferocious act of Charles, whicb grew
immediately out of tbe great murdl'r of St. Ba,
tholoew, was a mock trial, inslituted against the
deceased admirai and bis adherents in the pre
tended oonspiracy. Te sentence passed against
Coligny, as a traitor, involved con6scation of all
b property perpetua\ infam1 1 and the suppre,-ion
i,

11.dUOU: 01' BT. Bil.TBOLOn:wla DAT,

125

of bit name. Hit body, if it could be found (and

if that were not pouible, his effigy), waa to be
. drawn on a hurdle tbrougb_ the streets and gib
beted, first in the Place de Grve for six houra,
aterwarda on a loftier apot at Montfaucon. Hia
armorial bearinga were to be dragged at a horae'a
1.ail through every town at which they might have
been 1et up, and to be defaced and broken in
piecea by the oommon executioner ; bis atatues,
busts, and portraita, were to be demolished in like
manner. Hia chief aeat at Cbtillon waa to be
razed to the
ound j no building waa ever again
r
to be founde on ita site i the treea in the park:
_
were to be cut down to hau their natural height ;
the glebe was to be sown with aalt; and in some
central spot a oolumn was to be erected, bearing
on it th.ia decree engraved in brasa. Hia children
had eaoaped the fury of the king during the ma.
aacre : but they were now proscribed, degraded
.om their nobility, declared incapable of bearin,
witneu in courta of law, stripped of all civil privi
legea, and the power of holding any publio office,
or of enjoying any property within the limita of
France for ever. An annual public religioua ser
vice and proceaaion wae at the aame time inati
tuted, to commtimorate the mercy of heaven,
which had ao aignally averted calamity from the
kingdom on the festival of St Bartholomew.
The annivenary wu long celebrated: Wm. Cecil,
wriling to bis grandfther, Lord B11rghley, from Paris, 25th
Aug. 1583, Y', "Upon St. BartholomeW' Day, we had
1!9re !'4'lemn proceuione, and other tokem of tri11meh .
JOY, m remembrance of the ala1_11hter commttted thi8 time
eleven yean jl6!l ; b11t I do11bt they will !ot IO tri11mph d
lhe day of Judpent."-L,an.down :MSS. in the B"ritull
111--

Bat the wngeance of the coart wu not oontent

to wreak itself on the dead only. Two living "YN
tia also we,e provided for acrifice. CaIMJ
a counaellor of the parliament of Touloaae, and
Briquemaut, wbo at eeventy yean of age had N
tired from the profeuion of arma, in which he had
long served w.ith honour, were arreated u Hu'-"e
nota a ahort time after the massacre. 'The flacape
of Briquemaut during the Parisian oal'R6ge waa
atteoded with remarkable circumstaooes. Per
cei.ving that every outlet waa bloclmded, -and that
the murderen were in close punuit, he atripped
offhia clothes, and throwing himaelf among a heap
of bleeding OC>lplM!S, lay upon his faoe and countet
feited death. Ris na.kedneai prevented examina
tion and diacovery by the wretohea who followed
ia the train of the asaassins to rifle their fallen 'ric
t.i018; and at nigbt, wra.pping round him auoh nga
as were near at hand, he atole away unobMl'Ved,
aod took refoge at tbe house of the Englisb am
bassador, There he fonnd employment in the
et&blea ; and he waa dresaing a ho.rae at tbe mo
ment in whic he wu reool!Diaed and.arreslled.
The charge broght againat him and Ca"NgDe,
wu partioipation in the admiral'a cooapiracy;
with the exception, therefore, of the merely per
Ulal clauaes, tbeir aentence waa eimilu to lct
which we han jlllt recited ; and tbe historiu,
De Thon, wbo heard it read to tbem, noticea the
wtitude witb w.hich Bri.quemaut listened-not
withatanding tbe unusaaligaomi ny with which om
nobly bom wu adjudged to the gallowe-till he
found that i1i.1ome o( the penalties his child,en
aho were included. ' Wha.t have they clo-.e t4
ment tbia severity \1 -wa.a th.e inq_uiry of tbe bem-

braken nteran.
Between five and 1ix in the
ewning ofthe 27th of October, the aad proceaion
quied the Conciegerie for tbe Plaoe de Grve.
ln the mouth of the atraw effigy, hy which the
admirai was repreaented, some heartless mooker
had placed a toothpiok, to increue the rese
blanoe by imitating one of bis commoil habita.
At the windows of the Hotel de ViHe, whicb
oommanded a near "fiew of the scaifold, were a
embled .Charles (to whom bis consort on that
moi:ning had presented her 6rst-bom ohild), the
q11een mother, and the King of Navo.r.re, who had
been compelled to atteod. A coasiderable delay
took place; and some proposal appears to have
been made, by which, even at tbe last moment,
the conde1JU1ed might have purcbaeed tbeir live11,
if they would ha.ve dehased themeelvea with
ueachery and falsehood. When at length the hang.
man had thrown them from the ladder, Charles
ozdered fiambeaus: to be held elose to their Jces,
in order that be might diiltinctly "few the nriety
of expreniori whioh each miibite in bis pal'ting
tlgODf, Suetoniua. dOH .Bot Jeeord: a more uend
Jike aneedote oi tbe wol\St; .of Cesam. a'he popu
laoe imitated the lmateility ef their. 1overeign.
Dming the long Utd. fearthl pa1ll8 which. had oc
omed on the .scal"11ld; and the maily ho1111 through
whioh the bomul ,and defeneele priaone11 en.
dmed that lngering peotatioa far mi>re bitter
._ deat.h itlf, tbeir euffering wu heightened
l,y- Cl\llel: oaUJlge iotllcted b1 tbe rabbl.e ; w))Q,
wea life waa eminct, draaged tbe bocli 1iC11D
.abe gallow, aD1i AY.&gel, tD11e them in pieces.
When intelligence ,.of tbe l11Ul&CN, w.u. irat
-ced.at Bom., tbe. Vaiit.aa t,U. \ao. \A

128

JIABSACU OF IT, B.llt'nlOLOMBw'a DI.T,

unbounded joy. The Pope and cardinal, pro

ceeded at once from the conclave in which the
lring's despatcbes had been read, to ofl'er tbanb
before the altar, for the great bleuing which hea
ven had vouchsafed to tbe Romisb see and to
all Christendom. Salvoe11 of artillery 'thundered
at nightfall from the ramparts of St. Angelo; the
1treets were illuminatt'd ; .and no victory ever
achieved by the arms of the Pontificate elicited
more tokens of festivity. The Pope sent a nun
cio to France to cong1atulate the King ; and u if
resolved that tbe horrible deed should never be
forgotten, gave orders for a medal to be struck to
commemorate the ma88&cre. He had already
been anticipated in Paris ; and the effigiea of
Pope Gregory XIII. and of King Charles IX.
may still be seen in the cabinets of collecton of
coins, connected with devices, illmtrative of the
maS1acre.
The Cardinal o( Lorraine presented the me1senger with a thousand pieces of gold ; and un.
able to restrain the extravagance of bis delight,
exclaimed that he believed the king's heart to
have been filled with a sudden in spiration 1iom
God when he gave orders for the slaughter of the
heretics. Two days afterwarda he celebrated a
eolemn service in the church of St. Louis, with
extraordinary magnificence ; on whifh occuion,
the Pope, the whole ecclesiastical body, and many
reaident ambaS1adors, aHisted. An elaborate in1eription was then affixed to the portals of the
church, congratulating God, the Pope, the college
of Cardinais, and tbe senate and people of Rome,
on the stupendoua results and the almost inoredible
.Jl'eot. of &b.e advice, \b.e eid. and the pra7en

- .or eT JWlTAOLOIQIW'a T . 1 29
whieh had been oEered dqrlng a period of tweln

years."

Sir Francis Walsingham waa at tbat time the

resident ambassador from England at the Court
of Paria. His interview with Catbarine after the
mauacre wa.e truly interesting. He concealed
not the di1gust which would be felt by bis r"yal
,Jniatreu, Elizabeth, at such.outragea; and his dea
patchea notice the brutal sportivenesa with which
tbe Parisiana spoke of them as " a Bartholomew
breakfast, and a Florence banquet." Th.e de
teatatioli in which the name of the French court
wa.e held in England, is thua deacribed in a strain
of rudt1, yet powerful eloquence, by hia friend and
correspondent, Sir Thomas Smith, the queen'a sec
retary:" But what warrant can the French make, now
1eala and worda of princes being trapa to catch in
nocents and bring tbem to butchery 1 If the ad
mirai and all thoae murdered on tbat bloody Bar
tholomew-day were guilty, why were they not ap
prehended, iprisoned, interrogated, and judged 1
But 80 much made of" [them) "as might be, within
two houra of the assassination I Ia that the man
ner to handle men, either culpable or auspected 1
So ia the joumeyer slain by the robher ; so is the
hen of tbe fo:s: ; so is the hmd of the lion; so Abel
of Cain ; 80 the innocent of the wicked; so Abner
ofJoab. But grant they were guilty, they dreamed
treaaon that night in their slt'ep; what did the
innocent men, women, and children do at Lyons 1
What did the auclring children and their mothera
at Rouen deserve 1 at Caen 1 nt Rochelle 1
What is done yet, we have not heard ; hut I think
abortly we ahall hear. Will God, think lu, still

180 IIAIUOU 01' ff, BAB.TIIOLOIUW'I DY.

sleep 1 Will not their blood uk for vengeance ,
shall not the earth be accuned that hath sacked
up the innocent blood poured out like water apon
it ,,,.
ln the general dispersion which i.ucceoded
these massacres, tbe Huguenota took refuge in
Eogland, in the Palatinate, and a part of them in
Switzerland. A remnant, however, still remained
behind.

'

CONCLUSION.

Such was the Massacre of St. Bartholomew :a most awful instance of the heights and de:pths
of cruelty and crime, to which bigotry and religious
hatred, aided by political enmity, have carried the
vassals of Popery in their attempts to extirpate
those whom they are pleased to call heretics.
1'he compiler of this briefnarrativef cannot con,
elude his irksome task without inviting those who
have read it to turn aside and contemplate for
a while the spirit inculcated upon his disciples by
From the letters written at thi, timo, it appean that the
horror of tbia deed led even good men to fear tbat notbing
but 1trong meuuree could prevent musacre from spreading
tbrough aU parta of Protestant Europe. A letter from Ed
win SandysBiahop of London, to Lord Burgbley ( publisbed
in Ellis's '' riginal Letters," 2d seriea, vol. 1. p. W.) is evi
dence tbat tbe first thouiht of bebeading the Queen of
Scots al'08e out of tho pamc of thia very muaacre, althoagh
for fourteen year, tbe tbought did not ri pen into execution.
t The sourcea from wbicb it hu bttn comiled, are tbe
" History of the Reformed Religion in France, ' bf the Rev.
E. Smedley; "Paria and ita H1etorical Scenes," m the Li
brary of Entertaining Knowledge, part 2; Sir Henry Ellia'a
"Original Letters, illuetrative ofEnglish History," 2d serieai,
l'O). f. p. 22; and an article in the " Church of Eniland

Mapzine," Au1. 1639.

IUIUcaB or BT. BARTBotonw'a J>.IT.

131

, the Divine Founder of the true Catholic Churoh :

" lt carne to pasR, when the time was come that
he should be received up, he steadfastly set his
face to go to Jerusalem, and sent messengers l?e
fore his face ; and they went, and entered into a
village of the Samaritans to make ready for him.
And they did not receive him, because his face
was as though he would go to Jerusalem. And
when his disciples, James and John, saw this,
they said, Lord, wilt thou that we command tire
to come down from heaven and consume them,
even as Elias did 1 But he turned and rebuked
them, and said, Ye know not what manner of
spirit ye are of. For the Son ofMan is not come
to destroy men's lives,but to sav them." (Lulu,
ix. 51-56.)

NARRA.TIVE
or TBB

IRISH REBELLIONS;

AND

MASSACRE OF THE PROTESTANTS.

1641-2.

------THE NEW YORK

PU:BLIC LIBRARY.

----

A!ITOII, LcNOX ANr>

Til:)!"! 1:0. :... '"'IONS.

-- . .

NARRATIVE OF THE

IRISH REBELLIONS.
At the accession of Queen Elizabeth to the
throne, Ireland was inhabited by the native Irish;
and by English families who had been transplanted
thither, ever since the reign of Henry II. ; and
was governed by a vice.roy or lord lieutenant.
His authority, however, _was not considerable
enough to awe the lrish.
There were, among these, many great men, who,
though they outwardly recognized the king ot
England's sovereignty; yet imagined they had a
right to do themselves justice, whenever any sup
posed injury was dona to them. Hence those lords
frequently mede war one upon another, regardlesa
of the vice-roys, who had not force sufficient to
check them; but were obliged to send for troops
from E ngland, whenever a rebellion broke out in
Ireland; and as this was expensive, forces were
never sent over but in the last extremity. Thus,
as few of the lord-lieutenants were able to furce
obedience, they thence willingly connived at the
destructive irregularities committed by the lrish
lords, for fear of hurting the royal authority: but,
contenting themselves with filling their purses;
they left, to their successors, the curbing the D
aolence of the lrish.
Thia conduct awelled the lotds ot \\\. l;)'l.'\\.\rS

136

JUJlRATIVE OP Tim

with so much arrogance; that they acknowledged

the royal authority no farther than was just suffi.
cient to protect them from their enemies. Add to
this, the aversion which the lrish naturally had for
the English government; which aversion waa in
creased oo oocasion of the change projected hy
Queen Elizabeth, in matters of religion.
The lrish being extremely ignorant, had thence
a strong attachment to the Pope, a ircumstance
which disposed them to listen to the Romish emis
earies, who were perpetually exciting them to rebellion. Hence Queen Elizabeth was obliged to
keep a watchful eye over the transactiona of that
island; well knowing the great credit whioh the
Pope, her mortal enemy, had in it.
Notwithstanding all her precautions, in 156'7, a
rebellion broke out in lreland, headed by Sllan
O'Neal, a lord of great interest in the northem part
of that island: but it ended with the death of that
rehei, who was slain by bis own people.
ln 1569 fresh commotions broke out in that
kingdom, excited by Edmund and Peter Boteler,
brothers to the earl of Ormond; who being 1ent
from Enland, persuaded them to lay down their
arms. This rebellion had been fomented by the
king of Spain, who, in conjunction with the Pope,
endeavoured to spirit up another in 1577, by the
advice of Thomas Stukeley, an English fugitive.
ln 1594, the famous Hugh O'Neal, earl of Tir
oen, raiscd a mightyrebellion in lreland, he having
been promised assistance from the king of S pain;
which obliged Queen Elizabeth to send a stronp: re.
inforcement to the above.mentioned island. This
rebellion continued some years.
The earl of Eesex wa.s een\, \f>QQ, to Ireland,

DUSB JlBBELTlONS.

181

at the head of 20,000 foot, and 1300 horse, who

yet were not able to put out this flame; so vigor.
ously was it fomented by Tir.oen ; and it was not
extinguished till after the arrival of the lord
Mountjoy in that island, viz., till 1602, when Tir.
oen carne and submitted himself to him.
About the year 1607, the lord Mountjoy brought
Tir-oen to London, and presented him to King
James 1., who received him very graciously; but
Tir-oen retuming afterwards to Ireland, he again
aUempted to raise a rebellion, but not ucceeding,
was forced to fly from that island.
No very remarkable transaction happened from
this time till the year 1641, a little before which,
the reheis of Ireland had presented to the lord jus.
tices df that kingdom, a remonstrance, demanding
the free exercise of their religion, and a repeal of
all laws to the contrary; to which both houses of
parliament, iri England, solemnly answered, that
they would never grant any toleration to the Po.
pisb religion in Ireland.
On the 23rd of October, 1641, (the feast of Ig.
natius Loyola, founder of the Jesuitll,) there broke
out a desperate and most formidable rebellion.
The revolt was general. This was a rebellion, ao
execrable in itself, so odious to God and to the
whole world ; that no age, no kingdom, no people,
can parallel the borrid cruellies, and the abomina
ble murders, which were then, without number or
without mercy, committed upon the Protestant
British inbabitants, of every age, quality, or coo.
dition, throughout the land.
ln Multifeman Abbey, a convent of Franciscana
in the county of Westmeath, the horrid resolution
wu taken, how, most etrectua.lly > e"J.

..

118

lU.B.UTITB OP TD

destroy the whole race of Protestants in lreland;

which, was then concluded, should be r:rpetrated,
either by total banishment, (the pumshment in
fticted on the Moors in Spain;) or by death, or
mieeries worse' than either. And so very cloeely,
and under such a disguise of friendship, was this
hideous conspiracy carried on by these men ; that
visite of seeming kindness were never so frequently
made to the Protestante, as at that very time. TI1is
was done, the more completely, to effect the in.
human and treacherous designs then machinating.
The Romish clergy were first in the secret, and
had a great share in this detestable conspiracy, by
means of the unbounded influence they had over
the minds and consciences of their people.
Tat the papists were at the bottom of this coo.
spiracy, was evident from the letter writ by Pope
Urban, to the rehei O'Neal, October JS, 1642; and
to the popish clergy and nobles of Ireland the
February following. But most expressly was this
unheard of scene of cruelty, publicly justified and
approved of in the very words of Pope Urban VIII.
to the Catholics of lreland; wherein the reheis,
who engaged in this enormous and most detestable
act, were promised to be publicly rewarded with
a plenary indulgence, and a remission of all their
Bina.
This execrable conspiracy was first discovered
by Owen O'Connelly, an lrishman; for which
moat si gnal service, the parliament voted him five
hundred pounds, and a pension of two hundred
pounds per ann. until better provision could be
made for him .
.And eo very 1:1easonably was this plot discovered,
even but a few hours befte tne <:.WJ qd cutle o(

W8B B.BBBLLIO!fl,

139

Dublin were to have been surprised ; that the

lords justices had but just time to put themselves,
and the city, in a posture of defence; and to seize
the lord McGuire, and his accomplices in their
beds; in whose lodgings were found swords, hat
chets, pole-axes, hammers, and such other instru.
ments of death as had been prepared, for the utter
extirpation of the herotics; those wretches having
come, the night before, into Dublin, to execute thi.
treacherous and inhuman design.
On the 22d of October, 1641, Sir Phelim O'Neal,
upoo pretence of paying a friendly visit to the lord
Cbarlemont., first seized him perfidiously in the
castle ; killed his servants bafore his eyes; and, a
few days after, basely murdered that noble lord,
and others, in cold blood ; as fully appeared in the
triai of Lord MacGuire ; who was executed for
higb-treason, at London, in 1644.
Aod having thus begun to embrue their hands
in innooent blood, they continued to hang, drown,
bum, bury alive ; and, by other methods of tor
re, to massacre great multitudes of the British.
ProteRtanls, who had not time to save themselves by
ftiKht..
7rhe Jesuits, priests, and friars, having a great
share in this detestable plot, they had no time to
promote it; and, when the day for the execution
of it 1'&S agreed upon, they in their prayers re
oommended the success of a great design ; much
tending, (as they said} to the prosperity of the
kingdom, and to the advanoement of the Catholio
oame. They every where declared to the com.
mon people, that the Protestants were heretics, and
ought not to be suff'ered to live any longer among
them ; adding, that it was no more &\\ 'i\.\\ 11.'o.

140

lUUATIVB OF TBB

Englishman than to kill a dog; and that the re

lieving or protecting them was an unpardonable ain.
As soon as the fire began to break out, and the
whole country to rise about the Protestants ; theae
immediately flew to their frienda for protection,
some relying upon their neighboura, othera upon
their landlords, others upon their tenants and s,!r
vants, for preservation, or at least preaent aafety ;
and, with great confidence, put their persona, their
wives, their children, and all they had, into their
power. But these, generally, either betrayed them
iuto the hands of other reheis, or most perfidiously
destroyed them with their own hands.
The Irish papists having besieged the town and
castle of Longford ; and the inhabitants, who were
Protestants, having surrendered, upon condition o
being allowed quarter ; the besiegers, the inatant
the towns people carne out, fell upon them : their
priest, as a signal for the rest to fall on, firat ripping
open the belly of the English Protestant minister;
afler which bis followers soon hanged up the rest.
ln like manner was the garrison, at Sligo, treated
by O'Connor Slygah ; who, upon the Protestante
quitting their holds prornised them quarter; and to
convey them safe over the Curlew mountains, to
Roscommon. But he first imprisoned them in a
most loathsome jail ; allowing them only graina
for their food. A flerwards, when some reheis were
merry over their cups, who were come to congratu
late their wicked brethren for their victory over
these unhappy creatures : those Protestante who
aurvived, were brought forth by the White-friars;
and were either killed, or precipitated over the
bridge into a awift water, where they were pre,ently destroyed. lt is added, tha.t the above wioked

DlJSB BEBBLTI01'1

Ul

eompany o( White-friars went some time after1 in

solemn procession, with holy water, in their hands,
to sprinkle the river ; upon pretence of cleansing
and purifyi ng it, from the stain and pollution of the
blood and dead bodies of the heretics, as they
called the unfortunate Protestants, who were in
humanly slaughtered at this very time.
At this time Dr. Bedell, Bishop of Kilmore, was
for.cibly taken from bis Episcopal residence at tbat
place, wbere be had cbaritably settlcd and support.
ed a great number of despoied Protestants, who
had ffed from tbeir habitations, to escape the dNI
bolical crueltie11 committed by tbe Papista. But
they did not long enjoy tbe consolation of Jiving
togetber; for Dr. Swiney, tbe Popish titular bisbop
of Kilmore, 1000 took possession of Bisliop Bedell'a
boue ; aaid mue in bis church, tbe Sunday foi.
lowing ; and then aeized on ali bis goods and
effecta. The rebela soon after forced bim, hia two
tom, and tbe rest of bis family, with some of tbe
chie( of the Protestante in h1s company, in DecP-m
ber, into a ruinoua castle called Locbwater, situated
in a lake, near tbe aea shore. Here, bimself, with
bis companions, remained some weeks, in expecta.
tion of death. Most of them were stript naked ;
by whicb means, as the season was very cold, and
tbe bouse open, t hey suffered greatly. There they
continued till the 7th of January, uninterrupted in
the exercise of tbeir religous worship ; and were
afterwards released. The bishop was then most
courteously received into the house of Dennis
O'Sberidan, one of his clergy, whom he had made
a convert totthe cburch of England. He did not
loog survive tbis kindness.
During . bis abode in this tabetn\\.c\,\\\, 'M\\ll

142

Jf..UUTIVB OF TBB

tiine was gpent in religious exerciees ; the better

to fit and prepare himself, and his sorrowful com.
panions for their great change ; as notbing but
certain deatb, and mieery, were perpetually before
tbcir eyee.
However, tbough broken with age, being tben ir
bis seventy.firet year, and afflicted with an ague,:
catched in bis late cold and desolatc habitntion on
the lnke; finding bis diesolution at band, be re
ceived it with joy; like one of the primitive mar
tyrs; juet bastening to bis crown of glory. For
after having addressed bis little ftock, and exborted
tbem to patience, in tbe most patbetic manner, as
tbey eaw tbeir own laet day approacbing; after
having eolemnly bleseed bia people, bis family, and
bis cbildreri ; and finiehed tbe course of hie minis
try and life together ; be expired tbe 7th of Febru.
ary, 1641.
His friende and r.elatione applied to the new in
trnding biehop, for leave to bury him, whicb was
ohtained witb difficulty. He at firet, telling tbem,
that tbe oburch,yard wae holy ground, and ebould
no longer be de61ed witb heretice: however, leave
was, at last, obtained, aud tbougb the cburch fu.
neral rvice was not ueed at tbe so)f!mnity, (for
fear of the lrish Papists,) yet some of tbe better
sort of the rebele were pleaeed to honour the re
mains of tbie holy confessor to hie grave, for whom
they, in bis life.time, had the greateet venera,
tion.
At bis interment, they dil'Cbarged a volley of
shot, crying out, Requiescat in pace, ultimu, A11,
glorum ; that is, May the last
the Eftgli,h rest i11
peace. Adding, that as he wae one of the best, so
be shouJd be the \ast Eng\\Sh \)\g\\o found among

of

them.

J&DIB IBBBI,IJOS.

1'8

Bis learning wa1 yery esten1ive.; and he would

bue given tbe world a greater proof of it, had he
printed ali be wrote. Scarce any of bis writing1
were aved; tbe reheis baving destroyed most of
bia papers, and bis libra.ry. He bad gatbered a
vast beap of criticai exposiTions of scripture, ali
whicb, (with a great trunk of bis manuscripts) fell
1oto tbe banda of tho lrish. Happily bis great He.
brew MS. was preserved, and is now in tbe lii>rary
of Emmanuel-College.
'fbese cruelties were still more considerably ex
tended; for in the barony of Tyrawley, the Pa
pista, at tbe instigation of their fri11rs, compelled
above forty Englisb Protestnnts, some of whom
were women or cbildren, to the hard fate eitber of
falling by the sword, or of drowning tbemselves in
the sea. These chusing the latter, rather to trust
tbemselves to the mercy of tbe rebels; they wer e
accordily forced, by the naked weapons of tbose
ioexorable wretches, into tbe deep; where they,
with tbeir children in their arms, ftrst waded up to
the chio; aod afterwards sunk down, and perished
ali together. ln the couoty of Tyrooe, no le88 tban
300 Protestants were drowoed io one day.
Dr. Maxwell at that tim; lived near Armagb,
Mling rector of 'fynon, in that diocese ; and, with
iia family, was a great sufferer io tbis rebellion.
'bis bishop, in bis e.xamination, takeo upoo oath
,fore bis majesty"s commi88ioners, declared, tbat
e lrieh reheis owoed, to him, that tbey, at several
oes b11d destroyed, in one place, twelve thousand
otestaots, wbom they iohumaoly slaugbtered at
ynwood, in tbe ftigbt of those miserable people
n tbe cgunty of Armagb.
\8 tbe river Bann wa1 not fotdable, u4
,

t.w.

l"

NJJlU.TIVB OP TD

bridge broken .down, the lriah forced, at diff'erent

timea, a great number of unarmed, defenceless Pro.
testanta, (forty in a company ;) and there, with
pikes and swords, violently tbrust above a tbousand
of them into the river, where they all miserably
perished.
Nor did the fair and goodly catbedral of Armagh
escape tbeir barbarous banda ; it being malicio11S)y
sot on fire by their leaders, and burnt to the
ground. And to extirpate, if possible, the very
race of those unhappy Protestante, wbo lived in or
near Armagb, the lrish first burnt ali their
houses ; and then gathered together many hundred
of those innooent people, young and old, upon pre
tence of allowing them a guard and safe conduct to
Colerain ; yet fell upon tbem, most treacberously,
by tbe way, and cruelly murdered them ali.
These desperate wretches, flushed and grown D
eolent with this success, (though by method:1 at
tended with such excessive barb11.rities, as were
Dever practised by even the most savage beathens)
eoon got poesession of the cstl.e of Newry, where
the king's atores and ammunition were lodged ;
and, with as little diflii:ulty, made themselv IJlUo
tera of Dundalk.
They afterwards took the town of Ardee, wllere
they muniered ai) the Protestanta in revenge for
their ill auccess before Tredagh or Drogheda, aad
so marched on, with the sarne rapidity aod fury,
to Dro,theda, being tben many thousands in DUlll
ber. The lrisb hoped they should take that froa
tier garrison ; and aterwards destroy ali the Pro
testante, both there and in the city of Dublin, with
those of the neighbodring counties round it. The
prrison of Droghedt. wu in no conditioa to aus-

nnm llBBBLLIOl'fS,

14&

tain a siege ; and tbe treachery of the Popish in

ltabitants, within the town, was almost as danger.
oos u the fury of the Irish reheis from without ;
these being masters of almost the whole country
round, on both eides tbe Boyne ; yet, so often as
they renewed their attacks, they were as often
cou!'ageously and viorously repulsed, by a very
unequal number of the king's forces; anda few
f.ithful Prptestant citizens, under Sir Henry Tich.
borne, the governor, all8isted by the Lord Viscount
Moore, ancestor of the Earl of Droghedn. The
eiege of Drogheda begn November 30, 1641, and
held till March 4, 1642, when Sir Phelin O'Neal,
and the lrish reheis, were forced to retire.
ln consequence of which, the city of Dublin, the
magazines of ali the arms, ammunition, and other
provisions of the army ; and the chief snnctuary
of ali the English despoiled Protestants, was now
redueed to a very sad condition, and encompassed
on every side.
'fhe northern reheis being come down in great
numbers, as far as Drogheda, within twenty miles
of Dublin ; and otber reheis, from the county of
Wicklow, infC8ting it on the other side ; which
filled the inhabitants with terror.
This wae greatly increased, by the sight of vast
llllmbera of English Protestante, ali of them stript
and miaerably de11poiled, who carne out of the
nortb. Many persons of rank and quality, eovered
with old rags, and some witbout any other covering,
than a little twisted straw to hide their nakedness.
Some reverond ministers, and others, who had es
caped witb their lives, carne sadly wounded.
WiYes came, bitterly lamenting the fate of tbeit
hmbands ; mothers that of their cm.\tu, '-.t\iu .

ously deatroyed before tbeir eyee ; poor infanta

ready to periab, and to pour out tbeir aouls in their
motber's bosoms. Some, over weary witb long
travail, carne creepiog on tbeir knees. Otbera
frcw.e witb cold, ready to give up tbe ghost ln the
etreets. Otbets, overwbelmed witb grief, grew
distracted.
Thus was tbe city, witbin a few days after the
breaking out of tbe rebellion, filled wifb moet J.
mentabla spectacles of sorrow. Tbese wandered
up and dowo, in greo.t numbers, in o.li parta of tbe
city; desolate and forsaken; having no place to
lay tbeir hoo.ds on ; no clothes to cover their naked.
nes, ; no food to fill their huogry bellies.
Ali manner of relief was disproportionate to
their wants. The Popish inbabitants refused to
admioister the least comfort unto them ; wbence
these poor creatures appeared as so many gbosts in
the streets. Tbe barns, the stables, and out-bouses
were filled with them ; whilst some lay in tbe open
etreet; o.nd others under stalls, where they perish
ed miserably. The churches were tbe common
receptacle of those of the meaner sort ; these stood
in them in a most dismal posture, as objects of
charity, in such great multitudes, that there was
no passage into them. But those of better con
dition, who, could not condescend to beg, crept into
private places; and some of these, having no
friends to relieve them, wasted silently away, and
died without noise.
And, so bitter was the remembrance of tbeir
former miserable condition, and so insupportable
the burthen of their present calamity, (to many,)
that they even refused to be comforted. Thus,
being worn out with \\\e ,u\ e of their


la1SB UBELLIOlf,

147

joumey, and the cruel usage they met with; their

spirits being exhausted, and their souls fainting,
they lay sadly languishing. And soon after they
had got to the city, great numbers of them died,
leaving their bodies as monuments of the most in
human crudty, exercised upon them.
The
greatest part of the women and children, thus bar
barously driven out of thcir habitations, died in
the city of Dublin. Such numbers perished, that
all the curch.yards, within the city, were not
large enough to contain them; so that the lords
justices gave orders, that two large pieces of new
ground, (one on each side of the river,) should be
set apart for burial places.
The design of the reheis was, after thP-y had
possessed themselves of other towns, to seize the
city and castle of Dublin ; and thus extirpate all
the English, root and brancb; and not leave them
posterity, or even a name, throughout the whole
kingdom of Ireland.
By the relations of those times, it appears that
one hundred and fifty thousand innocent, ungarded,
unarmed Protestants, had the hard fate to suffer
under the most inhuman and most detestable cru
eltiet; were either massacred in cold blood, or
sent to starve and perish in the woods, in the co)d.
est and most rigorous season of the year.

CEI .EBRAT{ON

OF THE M!SS
The office or prayers used at the celebration ol
tbe eucharist is called, in the Church of Rome, by
the name of mass. As the mass is regarded by
the Roman Catholics as a representation of the
passion of our blessed Saviour, so every action of
the officiating priest and every part of the service
is supposed to allude to the particular circurn
1tances of bis passion and death. The word mass
comei from the Hebrew msach (oblatum); or
from the Latin mim, msorum ; because, in for
mer timea, the catechumens and excommunicated
were sent out of the church, when the deacons
aaid ltt mi11, tsl, after sermon and reading of the
epistle and gospel ; they not being allowed to as
sist at the consecration. Menage derives the word
from mis,io, "dismissing:" others from missa,
" missing, sending," because, in the mass, the
prayers of men on earth are sent up to heawn.
The general division of masses consista of high
and low. High mas, is that sung by the choris
ters, and celebrated with the assjstance of a dea
con and sub-deacon ; lotD mas, is that in whioh
the prayers are barely rehearsed without singing
. There are many different or occU\()\\U U\"6..IM.'I.

in tbe Romi1h church, 10me of which haTe

nothing peculiar but the name ; such are the
masaes o( the l&ints; that of St. Mary of the Snow,
celebrated on the 5th of August; tbat of Sl Mar
garet, patronesa of lyingin women; that of the
feast of SL John the Baptist, at which ar11 said
three masses ; that of the lnnocents, at which the
gloria in excelsis and the hallelujah are omitted,
and, it being a day of mouming, the altar is of a
violet colour. As to ordinary massea, some are
said for the dead, and, as ia supposed, contribute
to fetch the soul out of purgatory : at theae muse1
the altar is put in mouming, and the only d11cora
tions are a cross in the middle of BJ: yellow wu:
lighta ; the dreaa of the celebrant and the very
mass-book are black ; many parta of the office are
omitted, and the people are dismissed without the
benediction.
If the mau be aaid for a person distinguiahed
for bis rank or virtuea, it ia followed by a funeral
oration ; they erect a c1'apelle ard,nte, tbat ia, a
tepresentation of the deceaaed, with brancbei aod
tapera of yellow wax, either ia the middle of the
cburch, or near the deceased'1 tomb, where tho
prieat pronounce, a aolemn abaolution of the de
oeuecl
There are likewiae prii,at, "'""e' ,oi ftw
tw ,tra,yed good, or cottl,, for health, for travellen,
&o. whicb go under the name of Nli11, a1,u.
Speaking of prii,ot, ane, let it be noted that
iliey are not 10 called because tbey are aaid in pri
nte, which theJ need not be and are not, but are
to be heard in open churcb ; nor are they 10 oalled
beca111e the pnvate intereat of thoee proouring

,,oln

OSlDBATIOK or TU IIA&

1-51

them ia_thereby consulted, bot beoause, in them,

tho prieata only receive the elements.
The priest who celebrates mass uses the expre
aion, Bibit, ex lwc omn11, " drink ye all of it,11 and
yet he does not permit one of the people to drink
any of that to which the words apply ; for the cup
in the Lord's supper, (ifwe may call the mau ao,)
is withheld from the laity in the Church of Rome:
the priests inva.riably keep that to themselveL
The cap being thus withheld, there must have
been a motive; but whether Roman Catholics are
to be found who would name the sarne motive, as
we should, is questionable. This sacrilege ap
pears to have originated in the desire to promote
the superiority of the clerical order. Some of the
priests have said that they are called the clergy
for being the lot of the Lord; on which one says,
"As if the people for whom Christ died were the
lot of the devil."
The superstitious regard in which the conse
crated elements are held by the Roman Catholics
appears froo. the following narration of one who
had himselfbeen a priest among them: "I gave,"
says he," the 1acrament to a lady, wh_o had on that
day a suit of new clotheL She did not open her
mouth wide enough to let the wafer be placed on
her tongue :-the laity may not toueh it with their
handL By my carelessneu, it fell 11po11 one of the
sleeves, and thence to the ground. 1 ordered her
not to quit her place ; anel, at\er the communion
was over, 1 went to her again, and cutting out a
piece of the sleeve where the wafer had touched
and scratching the ground, I took both the piece
ofthe dreu and dust ofthe fioor, andoarried them
to tJ>,e piuiu; bot wu 1uape,w.ed.. a.b ojt.,A

15

ca.mn.ATION CP TRE IIAU.

bnejieia for eight dap, 1111 a punishment for mj

diatraction or for not minding well my huaineu.11

l'.t.0-BDDLE OP A CONSEOJlATED WAPD,

..

According to those who profeaa to explain the

nice of the mau, i\ ia fu\\. ot:
Tbe

mee.umc.

canonical dresa of the person who officiates, in all

its parta, and the aeveral actiona be performs, ( and
he is quite an actor in bis way,) al1 mean some
thing. ln a " Directory for Saying Mass," the
officiating party is instructed when to bow, when
to kneel, when to stretch out hia hands, when to
lift up his eyes, &e. &e. It would be an amuaing
spE!ctacle to see one of theae actora practising bis
part of the dumb show, preparatory to making hia
dbu.t upon the eccleaiaatical atage to perform the
tragedy of rnasa. Here followa a list of the offici
ating priest.' 1 ve1tment1, witA #Mir 1ignijieatiou
appendul.
'l'be mi wlaicb tbe .Jeww ,-t
.ln .-ice for lhe bead
upou CQl'ia&.
A meut of that eolour ,rbielL
.ln al6 or wluta U- prmeat.
A pila
, .
The
Cbril&
I iu lhe prde11.
A tele 011 tbe ueek
,

Ti;:;:!'!e:!! Obrla& eo:

be wu
8j'!r - (
A riela _,_ oftr aU ,
Tbe purpl prment l't apoa
Clwat by lua ...........

.:r.!i:f.b."::.i"

'.'

i Tbtied

i:!.:.

T.\e altar t1ntl it, farnitare teac1' "''. vnder :

The eroaa.
Tbe altar . , , ,
Tlae white covuiq
Tbe Jiae11 ia wblclL lhe eo.,..
! waawrapped.
li The aepulehre.
Tbe ebalioe . , , , ,
Tbt!f.!':' r f!!: t:\:'
t Tbe atone eucloain1 the M
.:i
.
n
clr'i!tbightneaa.
A barniug eandle ou lhe al&ar
Bread . . . . . . . ,
The bod y of Chriat.
Wine mixed with watar .
The blood o Cbriat.
Together with the above-named articles, let
there be one standing by the altar, no matter
whether he be a man ora boy, with a sacring bell
in bis hand, and al1 the requisites will be provided
for saying mass.
The priest, being duly attired, moves forward

J tl

154

cm.DUTlOlf Clr TB&

towards the altar, and crol!lsel himself repeatedly.,

botb on bis forehead and breast. He advance11
and retreats, and thus acts the prostration of Christ
in tbe garden. He makes bis confession, in
treating tbe Virgin and tbe saints to pray for bim.
He bows very low. He smites on the breast,
eaying me culp, "tbrough my fault," &e. He
prouounces absolution. He approacbes nearer to
tbe altar, and crosses, and kisses jt. But now,
tuming to the Missal, we find as follows: " When
the priest goes up to the altar, say, 'Take away
from us our iniquities, we beseech tbee, O Lord,
that we may be worthy to enter with pure minds
into tbe boly of holies, &e. When be bows he
fore tbe altar, say, ' We beseech tbee, O Lord,
by the merit, of thy 1aint1 whose relic, are here, an
by all the saints, that thou wouldst voucbsafe to
forgive me all my sins.
The introit follows. Tbey pronounce the Greek
words kyrie eleison, "Lord, have mercy upon us."
Tbe petition for mercy ia repeated nine times.
The priest proceeds to tbe middle of the altar,
looks upon the pix, makes a courtesy, and recites
the gloria in excel,is. He tums round and says,
, "The Lord be witb you." The collects, &c. fol
low. Byand-by he removes to tbe end ofthe altar,
uncovers tbe chalice, and makes a solemn bow to
the pix. He reads the gospel.and the people cross
themselves. Now the priest kiase, the book, and
recites the creed. lf it be a high day the altar i,
censed. He turns to the people and says, " The
Lord be with you." Turning round again to the
altar, he goes on with the offering, which s dono
by holding up le ohalice with the cake upon the

CID.DUflON O, !ID IWII.

155

ecm,r of it ; liJ\ing up hi1 eye1 he recites the ot

fertory, which rnna thus, " 1'ake, O Holy Trinity,
thia oblation which I, unworthy ainner, offer in the
honour of thee, of the blmetl Virin
Mary, and
J
o.f all thy1ainl1, for t!,,e 1al11atior. o the li1'ing, and
for lhe re,t and qviet of all lhe faithful that are

dtad."

Then follows this prayer, " Accept, O Holy

Father, almighty and eternal God, this unspotted
bost, which I, thy unworthy servant offer unto thee,
my living and true ,God, for my innumerable sins,
offences, and negligences, and for ali here present,
as also for all faithful Christians, both living and
dead," &.c.
He puts wine and water info the chalice1 and
makes a prayer. Then follows the oblation of
the chalice thus :-" W e offer unto thee, O Lord,
the chatice of thy salvation, beseeching thy clem
. ency that it may ascend before thy Divine Majesty
as a sweet savour for our salvation and for that of
the whole world." The priest bows before the
altar and prays. He biesses the bread and wine;
washes his banda; bows at the middle of the altar,
&e. &e. This account is compiled from Roman
Catholic books ; but the prayers and ceremonies
are not exactly the same in ali places and at ali
times.
The Canon of the Ma,, follows, amid repeated
crossings and superstitious prayers. When the
f consecration is to be said, the sacring bell is rung
to call up attenion.. .After transubstantiat!ng the
bread, or changmg at mto the body of Chnst, the
Missal says, " kneeling the priest adores and then
'
elevates the sacred host." He holds it over hil

156

OBLDlliTIOX or TBII KAII.

head to be seen, and the people here fall down

upon their nees, &e. &c. ; for the Council of
Trent has declared in expreSII term.....,." lt i11 not to
be doubted that all faithful Christians ahould giTe
to this sacrament the higlmt tDtw1hip, called latria,
which ia doe to the troe God;" and it has -pro
nounced a curse on those who should oppose the
sarne.
A Missal, printed in Dublin in 1794, furnishes
the following passages on me.88, as " neccssary for
the better under11tanding thereof:"" When the priest goes to the altar; Jesus enten
the garden.
When the priest begins mass; Jesus prays in
the garden.
At the ,;onfiteor; Jesus falls on bis face to the
earth.
When the priest kisses the altar ; Jesus is be
trayed with a kiss.
When the priest goes to the comer of the epi ..
tle; Jesus is led captive.
At the introit; Je11u1 is struck on the face.
At the kyrie eleison; Jesus is denied by Peter.
At Doiniu 17obi,cu; with a look of Jesu,
Peter i11 converted.
At the epistle ; Jesus is led to Pilate.
At munda. cor meum; Jesus is brought to Herocl.
At the Goepel; Jesus is scoffed and sent back
to Pilatc.
At the unveiling of the chalioe; Jesus is spoiled
of bis garments.
At the offertcry; Jesus is scourged.
At the covering ofthe chalice; Jesus is crowned
W'th thorns.

OIILD&A'IIOII or DS JUIL

15f

When tbe prielt wasbeth bis finge rs; Pilate

washeth bis bands.
At the orAte fralre,; Pilate says to the Jews,
'&hold the man !'
At the prefaoe; Jesus is condemned to die.
At the memento for the living; Jesus beara bis
croa.
When tbe priest holds bis banda over the chal
ice ; V eronica o-ffers Jesus a towel.
When the prieat signs the oblation; JelUS i,'
nailed on the cro11.
At thll elevation of the b06t; the cro is raised
up.
At the elevation of tbe chalice; Jesus' blood
ftows from bis wounds.
At the memento for the dead; Jesus praya for
the world.
At the 1UJbis qv.oqiu peccatoribu,; the converaiou
of the thief.
At the Pater noster; tbe seven words of Jeau1
Christ on the cross.
At the breaking of the host; Jesus dies on the
cron.
When the priest puts part of the bost into the
chalice ; the soul of Jesus descendeth into hell
At the Agnus Dei; the conversion of many
present at the cross.
At the communion; Jesus is buried.
At the ablution; Jesus is anointed.
After communion; Jesus's resurrection.
A.t Dominus i,obiscum; Jesus appears to bis di.ciples.
At the last collect; Jesus converaeth forty day1
with hia diaciples.

At the last Domina, 110bucv; JelU8 aacend.

mto heaven.''
ln the "Irish Directory for 1839," the following
directions are given respecting the coloura of the
robes to be wom in officiating on varioua occaaions:
-" The white vestments are used on tb.e coloured
festival& of our Lord." "The red on Pentecost."
" The purple or violet on all Sundays and /ena,
(that is, holydays) of Advent." "The green ou
all Sundays and (erias from Trinity Sund ay to Ad
vent exclusively." '' The black on good Friday,
and in masses for the dead.'' ln the Canon
Missa," privately printed at Venice in the year
1755, great importance is given to vestments. lt
names the severa} pieces of a Bishop's canonical
attire, and contains prayers used in robing. ln
performing this task, the Bishop is directed to pray
fifteen times, the prayers relating to the variou.
acts and vestments to be used and worn in per
forming high mau.

SACRAMENT OF THE LORD'S SUPPER

COMP.lRED WITB TB&

SAOBD'ICJB O:P TJDI '.M 88.

ST. Matthew' s accounl of the institution of the

Sacramen.t, chap. xxvi. 26-29. taken from the
Rhemh Tutament.-" And whilst they were at
1mpper, Jesus took bread 1 and blessed and brake,
and gave it to his disciples, and said, take, eat, thi1
is my body; and taking the chalice he gave thanks,
and gave to thl'm, saying. driijk ye all of this; for
this is my blood, of the New Testament, which
shall be shed for many, for the remission of sins;
and 1 11ay unto you I will not drink from hence
forth of this fruit of the vine, until that day when
I shall drink it new with you in the kingdom of
my Father.
St. Mark' s account, chap. xiv. 23-25.-" And
whilst they were eating, Jesus took bread, and
blessing, broke and gave to them, and said, take
ye, this is my body; and having taken the chalice,
giving thanks, he gave it to them, and they all
drank of it ; and he said to them, this is my blood
of the New Testament which shall be shed for
many. Amen. 1 say unto you, that I will drink

160
I

TIIB LORD S SUPPEll

no more of this fruit of the vine, until that day

when I shall drink it new in the kingdom of God.'
S{ Luke', acc01mt, ch.ap. xxii. 19, 20.-" And
taking bre he gave thanks, and brake, and gave
to them, i;aying ; thi1 i11 my body which ia giveu
for you ; do this for a c,ommemoration of me. ln
like manner the chalice also after he had supped,
saying this chalice is the New Testament in my
blood which 11hall be shed for you. 11
. St. Pa11.l'1 account, l CorintAi.4111, ellfl. xi.
23-25. "The Lord Jesus, the same night in
which he was betrayed, took bread, and giving
thanks, broke and said, this is my body, which shall
be delivered for you ; do thia for the commemora
tion of me: ln like manner also the chalice aftet
he had supped, saying, this ohalice .ia the New
Testament in my blood ; this do ye, as oft u ye
ahall drink it for the oommemoration of me."
This is the whole of the aocount given in the
New Test_!lment, ofthe manner in whieh our Lord
himselfinstituted the Sacrament ofthe Lord's Sup
per ; and let the reader now compare what he did
and said, with what the priest says and does wben
he celebrates Mass.
lst. OR LoRD JESUS CHRIST spoke in a lan
,ruage which his disciples understood.-BuT THB
PRIEST says Mass in Latin, which the people
pre11ent do not understand.
2nd. JESUS CHRIST spoke in a loud di11tinr.t voioe,
IO as, that the disciples heard him.-BUT TBS
PRIEST mutter11 over in a low secret whii,per, what
are called the words of conseoration, eo that no
one present can hear or understand what he i;av11.
3rd. JEsus CearsT said, "this chalice ia the Nw

COIIPUED WlTR TIIK IW!6,

161

Testament in my blood."-BUT THE Pn.IEST saya

that he said, " this is the chalice of my blood of
the New and Eternal Testament, mystery of the
faith," which is not true, as we may. learn from
the sentences at the beginning of this tracl
4th. JEsus CeRIST broke the bread, before he
pronounced the word11 THIS IS MY BODY, wbich the
Roman Catbolica call the words of consecration,
and by virtue of which they say, that the bread i1
transubstantiated into the body of Christ.-BuT THB
PKIEST pronounces these words first, and then han
dles the Host, to make the people think he breaks
the body of Christ; 10 that if the pronouncing the
words of consecration be what changes the bread
into Christ's body, the bread our Lord broke was
not ao changed, and therefore waa a different
thing from the Host.
5th. JESUS CmusT gave the bread into the handl
of the disciplea.-BuT THE PB.IBST puts the wafer
into the mouth of each communicant himsel
6th. JESUS CHRIST gave hia disciples a cup of
wine, aaying, rink ye aJl of thi,. St. Paul said
to the Corinthians, " let a man examine himselt;
and so let him eat of that bread a.7' rink of tha.t
cp." 1 Cor. xi. 28,-and again, " aa oft as ye eat
thi1 bread, and drink this chalice, ye shall show
the Lord'a death until he come," ver. 26. So that
it ia aa plain as possible, that all present did drink
u well as eat. BUT THE PRIEST alone drinka the
' wine, the laity only eat the wafer.
7th. JESUS CBRIST gave the disci.ples what the
Scripture calls bread, and what was m the chatice
he called wine, or the fruit of the vine.-BUT THE
PamsT in the Mass gives the people what he say1

181
ia not bread, but the body f Chriat, and dritil
himself, what be says is not wine but the blood of
Christ.
Sth. JEStJS CmtJST did not elevate either the
bread or the wine.-BUT TRE PaJEST lif\a up the
Host, and the people worship it.
9th. JEsus Cml1ST did not speak of any sacrifice
being offered to God in this ordinance which he
then instituted.-BUT THE PaIEST professes to oft'er
in the Mass, the body of Christ as a n.crifice for
the sina of the quick nd the dead.
1 Oth. JEsus CHRIST said no prayen for the dead.
-BUT TRE PaIEST prays for those tdo slet1 ti&,
1leep o/ peace. Now this prayer must bave been
added to the Mass before purgatory wu invented1
because if a soul is tormented in the fire of rurga
tory, it cannot be the sleep of peace, and if 1t is in
heaven, it has no need of prayers.
l lth. JESUS CBRIST said notbing of Saints or
Angels.-BUT THB PaIEST mentions both, b)essing
the incense through Michael tbe Archangel, and
praying God to command an Angel &o cany the
eonsecrated Host to heaven.
12th. JESUS CBRIST said, "do tbis in remem
brance of ME.11 -BUT TBB PltmT uya, "solem
nizing and communicating in the .6nt place the
remembrance of tbe gloriou, Mary, ever Virgin."
13th. JESUS CHRIST instituted tbis Sacrament H
a remembrance of bis death and suft'ering, where
by remission of sin is granted to those who be
lieve on bis name.-BUT TRB PaJEST saya Mau
for tbe prpose of obtaining from God some tem
poral blessing, as tbe cure of a sick peraon, or of
aicJr cattle, preservation of tbe crope from fron or

COIIP.lP WITB '1JIII li.li&

161

blig ht ; and thua there are many lrind of Maaos:

aa the Mau of St Giles, of St Francis, St Caibo
arine, and othera: there are alio loud Massea and
low Muses, great Masses and small Masaes, day
Masaes, Episcopal Messes; Masses in white, in
green, in violet, and all other colours.
14th. JEsus CH&JST instituted the Sacrament
afier supper,-BUT THE P.RIEST says Mass fasting.
15th. Jgsus CHRIST saya nothing about the Crou
on which he was to die.-BUT THE PRIEST, in the
Masa on Good-Friday, which is called the Ma&&
of the pre-sancti.6ed, saya to the people, " Behold
the wood of the Cro8S, come let us worship ;" and
an anthem aung on that day contains these words;
" We worship thy Cro88, O Lord ;" and speaking
to te Cro111 they say, " Faithful Cross, the only
aoble among the Trees."
16th. JEsus CHRIST did no\ command the bread
to be carried in procession, or say, what waa to be
done with the crumbs.-BuT THE PRIEST carriea
the Host in procesaion, in all places where the Ro
man Catholic Religion is established. There ia a
canon in their Church, to tell what is to be done
when a mouse eats or bites the body of Christ;
another, to direct what is to be done when it is lost,
or carried away by the wind: another orders the
Prieat to swallow a fty or spider, if it fall into the
cup, unless it turn bis stomach; and that if the
blood freeze in winter, to wrap the chalice in hot
clotha. But the most notable orie is that.. which
directs, that if the Priest be sick, and throw the
wafer off his stomach, he should, if po88ible, swal
low it again. Who can believe, that things ao

16'

TBB LOJtD'S SUPP BTO,

abaurd and ao nauseou are to be derived from the

aimple account of the New Testament7
Here are aixteen particulars, in which the cel
ebration of Mau contrad:cts the inatitution of the
Sacrament by our Lord himself; and we can here
aee, that the church of Rome has, without any
authority from the Scripture, altered some things,
left out some things, and added some things, ao as
to make the Mass quite different from the Sacra
ment of the Lord's Supper, and to prove plainly,
that no Romanist has ever yet receved tbis Sacra
ment. He has never commemorated tbe ahedding
of Christ's blood for the remission of sina, for he
never drank of the Sacr,mental cup. He never
commemorated Cbrist in this ordinance, for he is
taught to commemorate the Virgin Mary; and he
never could understand what the Prie1t uid in
many of the prayers, because they were in Latin.
1 i, not founded on the Scrip
The service he attenaa
turea, but on the commands of the C/n1,rc1'; and
let him recollect that Christ has said, " in vain do
they worship me, teaching for doctrinea the com
mandments of men.11 Matl xv. 9.

..

EXTREME UNCTION.
Weoow call the readw 's attention tooneofthe five
new "aacraments," (falsely so called)-" Extreme
Unction."
When a member of the church of Rome is at
the point of death, a priest rubs oil, which has been
preiously blessed by a bishop, to certain parts of
hia body, pronouncing certain words, and the effecta
of this Extreme Unction are thus stated by Dr.
Doyle in his Clariatian Doetrine :" lt com the sou} .in her- last agony
against despair: it remits venial sins, and removes
the ,elios of sin, and restorea corporal health if it
be expedient."
W e would remark in the outset how little faith
Papists have in the efficacy of their own ritea.
For, first, they are taught that a Pope's lndulgcnce;
which may be had for a few pence, tirkes away
tJenial sin, and that in the sacrament of pn1ance
they obtain remissioh of their mo,tal sins: but, as
conscience has its misgivings, the priests, for the
quieting of their disciples, have invented Extreme
Unction to remit venial sins, and remove the relics
of mortal sins, so that in fact, this pretended sacra.
ment of Extreme Unction belies the pretended effi.
cacy of lndulgences and penances; but as this,
too, fails to lull the pangs of conscience, and the
papist who has had recourae \o l\al\e a\\.'--

168

ftTllJO VKCTIOS.

treme unction may ltill have bis conscience tor

mented with the fear of hell,-the priests tell him
that there is a purgatory, where he may pay the
penalty of sin by temporary suffering, the term of
which may be considerably shortened if he will
only, by the payment of a liberal fee, secure their
services to celebrate masses for bis repose. Thus,
extreme unction is a denial of the efficacy of pe
nance and indulgences, while purgatory and the
mass belie the pretended virtue of extreme unction!
What impious and shameful knavery is here !
How transparent is tbe cheat to evry man who
has been delivered by tbe enligbtening influence of
the Holy Spirit from that strong delusion in which
antichrist holds bis votaries spell-bound in the be.
lief of bis lies !
But tbe Church of Rome pretenda to have Scrip.
tuie for her extreme unction, and she refers us to
James v. 14, 15." Is any sick among you 1 let him call for tbe
elders of the church ; and let them pray over him,
anointing bim with oil in the name of the Lord :
And tbe prayer of faith sball save the sick, and
the Lord shall raise him up; and if he have com
mitted sins, they sha:11 be forgiven him."
ln the primitive cburch, judgment was sometimes
miraculously inflicted. We read of some (lst,
Cor. xi.) who were punished with sickness for their
profanation of the Lord's Supper; and as there
was the miraculous infliction of sickness as a
chastisement for sin, so tbere was an ordinance for
tbe miraculoos healing of the sick; it is of tbat the
Apostlc James speaks in the above cited passage.
Tiie. anointing menli.oned b'f \\\.e -.\e "'"' ministered with tne u\.ma.\e o'o\;ec\. o \\\.e

or

187

tion
bodily health, the forgiveness or sns merely
spoken of as an accdent, but tho restoration of
bodily health was the essence of the ordinance;
and there is not a word in Scripture to warrant the
supposition that the ordinance was ever used when
bodily health did not ensue as the necessary con
sequence. These remarks show that the ordinance
of anointing used in the ancient church was essen
tially different from the extreme unction of toe
modem church of Rome. According as the power
o( miraculous healing was withdrawn from the
church, the unction, which was the sign or emblem
of its application, fell into disuse, and nothing but
the most unequivocal proof of the restoration of
that miraculous gift can justify the use of a rite
which, without it, is . an empty sign-a solemn
mockery.
The followng extract from an able
writer clearly expresses what we wish to convey
to the reader :" We say then, that severa} extraordinary gi(la
were by the spirit dispersed amongst the first be.
lievers, for the establishing christianityin the world
and that one kind of these were the gifta of healing.
1 Corinthians xii. 9, 28, 30.
" That they who had this power, were directed
by the impulses of the Spirit, when or upon what
persons to exert it. That being thus directed, they
called upon the narne of the Lord with assurance
of the event, and the sick were accordingly re
stored to their health.
" That sometimes they did fo this manner heal
the 'sick, upon whom diseases had been inflicted,
as a punishment for some sins they had been
guiltz of.
" Fhat in this direction or S&. Je1me1, I, o, wa

UTUlU 1JlfCT101'.

nck. &c., he refers to these extraordinaty p.ft- C!i

lealing; and that he prescribes anointing the aio
person u,it/a oil, in that case only, when the elde1
knew by the Spirit, that the gift of healiog waa t
be shown, and that the Lord would raiae lia up.
" So that in case of sickness, St. Ja.u dil'801
the sick person to send for the elders of the Churcl
and adds a particular motive so to do from the R'!i
of healing, whioh then flourished in tbe churcl
ois., that if it seemed good to God, which tb
elders would assuredly know by the instructioo c
the Spirit, he should by their prayiog over him b
restored to his health. ln whicb case, to sigoif
the supernatural gift of God in raising him u1
they were according to custom to anoint him wit
oil. Whereupon the event would show that thei
prayer was not the prayer of vain confidenoe, bl
oJ faith, and that they had not in vaio anointed tA
Bick v,il1' oil in testimony of their assurance of hi
recovery; for as he says, tl,.e. prayer of failh aia.
aal!e tle sick, and the Lord aludl rai.te him vp. Ao
to advise the siok man more effectually to take thi
religious oourse, he adds another motive, thal i
that sickness were sent to punish him for some sll
tlaat he had committed, even that should not hinde
laia recovery, any more than if it had been infliote
only for the trial of his faith and patience; for /al
,ina ahmdd. be Jorgi'Dffl him."
It may oonfirm the truth of these represeatl
tiom in the judgment of some to find them 001
' roborated by the reluctant testimony of Roman Ca
' tJaolic writers: First, then, as to our interpretatio
of James v. 14, setting forth the utter dissimilarit
of the anointing of which it speaks, to the pretende
awrament of extreme uuction, it is oonfinned by .n

160
IMI a penonage than a Cardinal of the ohurch ot
Rome. Referring to the passage from St. James,
uquoted above, Cardinal Cajelan writes :" It neither appears by the words, nor by effect,
that he speaks of the sacrament of e11:treme unction,
but rather of that unction which our Lord appointed
ln the gospel, to be used upon sick persons by his
lciples. For the text does not say, la any ,nan
lnllo deatl&? But absolutely, Is any man nck1
And it makes the efi'ect to be the recovery of the
aick, and speaks but conditionally of the forgiveness
of sins: whereas e,:treme ,mction is not given but
when a man is almost at the point of death, and
as the form of words then used sufficiently shows,
it tends directly to the fo rgiveness of sins."
W e find another remarkable reference to thia
passage of St. James' epistle in Du Pin's eccle
aiastical history. Speaking of ecclesiastical dis
cipline, in the close of bis history of the third cen
t'llry, this very leamed and candid author makes
the following admission:" There is no mention made in the three first
ages of the chureh of anointing the sick, which St.
James speaks of, perhaps because it was seldom
1Uled in that time."
ffet'e is an incontrovertible fact, and one whicb
tllltablishes beyond ali doubt the novelty of the pre
tended sacrament of extreme unction ; for had there
been such a sacrament the mention of it must have
been as frequent ll1i of baptism, the one being ad
minietered to al.l at their entrance into the church,
and the other to all at their departure from the
world. lt is impossible to account for the silence
of antiquity on this subject, except on the supposi
tion that the passage in St. Ja.mes' e\.!.\\ 'ffV. \m,,.

lTO
dentood as we, ""ith Cardinal Cajetan, havfl inter.
preted it.
We have bE1fore observed that the Church o(
Rome admits that any ordinance, to be entitled to
the name of sacrament, must have been inatituldtl
by Chriat himself; it will, therefore, be very need
ful to ask the church of Rome when her pretended
eacrament of extreme unction was instituted 1 Ali
the information which she can give us on this sub.
ject is contained in the following extract from Dr.
Doyle's Christian Doctrine :Q What is the fifth Sacrament 1
A. Extreme Unction.
Q. When did Christ institute it 1
A. The time ia uncertain : 801718 think it toa n
,twted at hu last ,upper; other, tlUIJ it """dOM
betwizt hi8 resurrection and ascensio11.
\'Vhen a number of witnesses are examined as to
any fact, the credibility of their affirmation concern.
ing the fact is invalidated by diecrepancies in their
testimony. Apply this simple principie to the point
in hand. Here are a number of witnesses, ali
asserting that Christ instituted a certain rite
false witnesses can easily agree among themselves
to assert a simple matter of fact, but tbeir hesita
tion to answer the questions proposed to them on a
cross,examination, betrays their knavery. We say
to one class of the witnesses who are produced in
the case before ue-" When did Christ instituto
your pretended sacrament of extreme unction t"
But they give no direct reply ; they evade rather
than answer the question. They say-" The time
is uncertain." We propose the sarne question to
another class of the witnesses, and they, too, mani.
fsting a disinclination to commit themselvea by u

llTJlBMB UNCTIOK,

171

onequivocal reply, tell us that "they think it was in,

atituted at the last 8upper." Dissatislied with 8uch
doubtful testimony on 80 important a point, we turn
to a third. class of witnesses, but their testimony
throw8 a thicker 8bade of doubt over the subject of
inquiry, for while they manifest as much reluctance
as the former witnesses to hazard a distinct testi
mony, they contradict the evidence of the other
witnes8es, by stating it to be their opinion that the
rite in question was instituted by Chrir.t " betwixt
his resurrection and ascension." Such is the evi.
dence which the church of Rome adduces in sup
port of the divine institution of her pretended 88
crament of extreme unction-evidence which
would be deemed utterly insufficient to establish any
common matter of fact in a coun of Justice : such,
we repeat, is the only evidence which the church of
Rome can adduce in vindication of a rite which she
would have U8 beheve is a divinely,appointed chan
nel of salvation to the sinner's soul ; and this is the
church which taunts us with the uncertainty and
ncillation of our faith, and vaunts herself in the
possession of an unwavering certainty; but when
put to the test, she is constrained to admit that she
bas no better ground for one of her most important
ordinances than the contradictory opiniona and un
certain guesses of some of her members.

ON

MIRACLES.
1IT TBE llEV, E, C. BllBWD.

I consider MmA.ctEs to be one o the atrongeat

evidences in favour of a revelation from God, anel
that we are accustomed to believe Jesus Christ to be
the promised Messiah, and the A postlu bis chOlell
servants, because they had the power of perform.
ing miracles in attestation of their divine com
mission ; our Lord himself said to the Jews, " [
have a greater witness than that of John," (aad
what was that greater witness) " the IOOr' that I
do they bear witness of me, that the Father batia
sent me." And again he said, "though ye belie-re
not me, believe my works."
To this evidence both Christ and bis Apostles
frequently appealed, as incontrovertible proof; the
force fwhich is shown in severa\ instances, but in
none more cogently than in the reply of the blind
man, who was cured of his blindness by the clay
which our Lord made ; for being interrogated by
the cavilling and incredulous synagogue he re.
plied, " why herein is a marvellous thing, that ye
know not whence he is, and yet he hath opened mine
eyes, if this man were not of God he could do

nothing."
Hence if I were as'ked, 'now do "iu know that,

178
Jesus was the Christ of God 1 How do you know
that the Apostles were not impostors 1 1 would re
ply, " 1 believe them for their work's sake, if these
men were not of Godthey could do nothing," the
miracles they performed are a sufficient guarantee.
But the very power ofworking miracles by which
I would prove Christ and his Apostles to be the
foundation of the qhurch of God ; by the very
aame power of working miracles I would maintain,
that the Pope and bis agents are the Cburcb of
Satan.
Tbe truth ofthe christian religion is established
by miracles: the identity of the "great apostacy
ofthe !alter days" is established in the &!!,me way;
my argument, which I think is worth the attention
of my fellow Protestants, is simple, short, and scrip
tural, it is as follows :-It was predicted by Christ
himself, as a warning to the Church, that false
Christs, and false prophets, and false teachers"
should appear after bis death, to draw christians
frorn the faith.
These false Christs, and false prophets, and false
teachers, were to support their delusions by "great
eigns and wonders," so great indeed, " that if it
were possible they should deceive the very elect."
If, therefore, 1 were asked, how are we to know
" false Christs, and falsa prophets 1" 1 would re.
ply, "by tbeir signs and wonders." These are tbe
-<tery test and proof given by Christ himself, and
always have been, and always will be the evidence
of falsehood in religion. The Egyptian magiciana
-Jannes and Jambres proved themselves to be the
agents of darkness by imitating the miracles of
Moses; and Rome bas proved hArself to be the
Babylonish harlot, tiie great two.h.Qml! '11\\,

1n

......,,,.

apoetacy ot the latter timee, by the very ame

means.
How are we to Jmow this dreadful corruptioa 7
we are not without warning, " behold (said our
Lord,) 1 have told you befre it come, tbat when it
comes to pass, ye may believe that Iam he." St.
Paul also, has not lert us without waming; epeak
ing or this false Church he says, " lta coming is
after the working of Satan, with . all power, and
signs, and lying wonders."
lf, therefore, Popery bad been more modest, anel
not laid claim to tbis power of doing miraclea,' nn
one, with auy show of truth, could have brauded bar
with the stigma which she uow carries in ber fore
head. And when we are next assailed by tbe Po
pish Priests. and told, as they often tell ue, fllat
their Church is the only true Cburch, because they
alone bave derived and retained from Cbrist tbe
power of working miracles. )et. us be ready with the
reply, tbat '' the two-horned beast of tbe apocalypN
was to do great wonders, and was to deceive tbem
that dwell in the earth by means of thoee miraclea
which be bad power to do. If tbie, tberefore, be
their strong bold, it is, after ali, but a spider'a w-,
and a rope of sand.
The Babylonish harlot ofthe apocalypee wu "to
deceive by reason of those miraelu wbich lhe W
power to do," but the Church of Cbrist neYer aa
aumed ncb power either to convert or to deceiYe.
Antichrist was " to show great sigm and wonclera,
in10D1uch as to deceive if it were pomible the Yery
elect," but Protestante never attempted any tbing
of the kind, and tberefore we Proteatanta cannot,
witb any show of truth, have tbia cbarge buckled on
Olll' bac.b ; the Roman Catbolics, on the otbc

111
..d, ahraya ineiated on tbis power, and tbue (ar
at Jeaet, have a better claim to the appella.
tion of Antiehriat, tban we bave. The Chureb o(
Cbriet never pretended to aggrandiee itaelf by
miraculou delullione ; therefore, cannot poesibly
be " tbe hro-horned beast that was to deeeive by
miracles." The Chureh of Rome can boast o(
more miraeles than members ; ebe ahraye laid
elaim to tbis power, aod it is no less than hereay,
to deny, or eveo to doubt, her pretensions; the
Church of Rome, therefore, hae at any rate tl&i
mark of tbe two-horned beast. The Prieste ol
Rome always laid claim to this power ; my dear
riends, give it tbem by ali means ; give Rome het'
ltouungs, and most arrogant claims, and sbe w11l
prove benelf to be tbat sad delusioo againat wbich
we are ao oflen warned.
But hereJl arisea a difficulty ; if miracles be tbe
8ign of trutb aod falsehood too. bow lhall we know
a revelation from God, from a deeeit of Satan 1
Whom can we believe 1 How can we feel assured,
that our divine Redeemer himself did not, as the
Je"8 118118rt, perform bis miraclea " through BeeL
bub, the Prinee of devils 1" How eball we be
aasured, that we are not believing " a eunningly
deriled fable," if miracles be a sigo of both truth
ud faleebood alao 1
We feel the force of tbe objectioa, and tbere wu
a fae wben we were taggered by it ; but a little
Nflection has convinced me, that the aolution i9
llotJa clear anel palpable ; my argument is tbia,MoeM worked a miracle on tbe baoks oC the Nile,
to ehow that God, in abborreace of oppreaeion and
'idolatry, had aent lia to deliver bis people from the
,-e oi Pbaraob : the eod or the mitul ,,. "'-

t18
glory of God. lt was cert11in that Jehovah ah;
horred oppression. It wos Jikely he would denver
bis people. 'rhe miracle therefore, was to viodi.
cate the promise aod goodness of the Most High.
Jannes aod Jambres imitated the miracles of Mosea_
but for what purpose 1 Did they tum their roda
into serpenta in order to vindicate the honour of
God 1 No. Did they turn water into blood to
show the faithfulness of the promise of Jehovah T
No. Did they " bring up froga upon the loind of
Egy pt" to bonour the servant of the M01t High T
No ! but on tbe other band, to resist the power of
the Almighty, to shackle bis Pf!Ople witb oppre11ion,
to ratify the tyranny of a blasphemer, to disbonor the
aervant of Jehovah, and to establish tbe domination
of the powers of dorkness. Who tben can for a
mome.nt believe, that Jannes and Jambres were
endued witb power from God, since tbeir power wu
exerted to duhonour God 1 Who, on tbe other
hand, can believe that Moses was tbe agent of
Satan, llince bis miracles were wrougbt to disarm
tbe power ofSatan, and to exalt the power ofGod 1
16 lfSatan be divided against Satan, how can hia
kingdom stond T" and if God be divided against
himself, bow can bis kingdom be establisbed 1
The end, therefore, for whicb tbe miracle is per.
formed, shows plainly by whose power it is wrought;
and tbis, is the very criterien given us by God
himself in the book of Deuteronomy, :siii., 1, &.
"If there arise among you a prophet, or a dreamer
of dreams, and givetb thee a sigo or a wonder, and
the sigo or the wonder come to pass, wbereof he
ip0ke unto thee, saying, Let tu go after otMr pb
ll'hicla tAou luut nol kllOlffl, and Jet us se"e them ;
, bou sbalt not hearken unto \\\e wotda of that pro.

1'7'7
phet, or that drenmer of dreams, for the Lord yow
God pr<n,eth you, to know whether ye )ove the Lord
your God with ali your heart, and with ali your
soul. Y e .shnll walk 11fter the Lord your God and
fear him, and tbat prophet, or that dreamer of
dreams, shall be put to death, because be hath
,poken to tum you a'll)(Jy from tM Lord your God.,
tmd to tAnut thee out of the fJJaY, tDhich tM Lord tlaJ
God COJl&flUfflded thee to ioalk in." Here then is tbe
ruJe.
lf any prophecy .be pronounced, or any miracle
performed to turn men away from the pure and
eimple worship of God, or to attest any doctrine, or
practice, not commanded in tbe scripture, then that
prophet, or that worker of miracles, is the enetllf
of God, and not to be believed. Let 'us apply thia
te.t to the Cbureb of Rome: let us weigb her
mirae)es by tbe word of God; and I fearlemly
affirm, that Rome and ber miracles will both be
found wanting.
Remember the rule is this: if any of the mira.
eles of the Churcb of Rome have bcen exhibited to
prove doctrines and practices not actually C091maned io the word of God, thcy are " lies and de.
lusions ;" but if, on the other hand, they bave been
performed in order to cstablish doctrines and prac
tices agreeable to revelation. then, if those won
ders be established on sufficient evidence, we are
bound to believe that they were from God. There
are no miracles so common in the bistory of Po.
pery as those wrought by the Papal Church to vin.
dicate her absurd dogma respecting lhe hosl (as it
is called,) or the sacritice of the mass; and wby t
because this dogma is so palpably absurd, so coo.
tradictory to reasori nnd lhe scusea, IQ \\i '-'-

118

Olf' IIOM:LIS.

sense,

Yariance with common

that this dehided
Church has always felt it necessary to bolster it up
with " signs and wonders."
It has been said, never believe a person who
swears a thing to be true. And I say to Rome, il
common sense, if right reason, if plain revelationt
if these be on your side, what need of miracles to
prove, what nobody will deny 'I But if common
eense, if reason, and revelation be ali opposed t
this dogma, not ali the miracles of Satan and hi
emissaries can ever make it credible.
To the law then and the testimony. We read;
that, " without shedding of blood there is no re
mission;" and again, "Now once in the end ofthe
world hath Christ appeared to put away sin by the
aacrifice of himself, and as it is appointed for men
once to die, and after death the judgment, so Christ
was once offered to bear the sins of many."
Hence we leam three things,
1. That without shedding of blood there is no re
miBSion.

II. That in orderto obtain remission, Christ shed

bis own blood.
III. That this offering was made once fr ali.
Such is the plain language of scripture: suppose
now, " 1 could call down fire from heaven" to
prove, that remission of sins can be obtained with
out blood-shedding, g. e. by merely sucking a pieos
of backed dough; ought you to believe me 1 cer
tainly not. . God has distinctly admonished us, lst,
that without shedding .of blood there is no remission;
and 2ndly, that false prophets iihould arise, and
show great wonders to deceive many. The faith
fol disciple, therefore, can have no ground for

htwitation and doubt.

o JOU.Ct&*,

i79

Again, suppose I were to say, that Christ ia

ofl'ered up in the Sacrifice of the mass every Wed
nesday and Friday during Lent, and every Sun
day throughout the year; and . suppose that, in
erder to obtain your belief, 1 could heal_ the sick,
cure the blind and lame, tum water into blood,
iough into flesh and bones, and so on ; again I say,
you are not to oppose miracle to miracle, and
nullify the power of Christ by the power of Rome.
Christ has forewarned you, and bade you " to
hold fast sound doctrine," and not be blown about
" by every wind."
Miracles, therefore, to prove the falsity of scrip
ture, cannot be from God, but from Satan; and the
Church, which lays claim to the power of working
miracles to contradict plain scripture, is not the
Church of God, but " the synagogue of Satan.''
I will now read to you one, among the thou
sand miracles uttered by Rome, to prove her dogma
about the host. It was first published at Paris in
1633 by Friar Leon, with the approbation of two
Doctors of Theology, and reprinted in 1821.
" ln the year of our Lord, 1290, in the reign of
Philip the fair of France, a poor woman who had
pledged her best gown with a Jew for thirty pence,
saw the eve-of Easter day arrive without the means
of redeeming the pledge. Wishing to receive the
sacrament on' that day, she went and besought the
Jew to let her have the gown for that occasion, 1
that she might appear decent at Church. The Jew
said, he would not only consent to give her back the
gown, but would also forgive her the money lent,
provided she would bring him the host, which she
would receive at the altar. The woman instigated
by the sarne fiend as Judas, \)romi, \'t

180
pence, to deliver into the hands of a Jew tlte t1me
Lord, as the traitorous disciple had sold for thirty.
pieces of silver.
The next moming she went to Church, received
the sacrament, and feigning devotioo, she concealed.
the host in her handkerchief; went to the Jew'a
house, aild delivered jt into bis hands.
No sooner had the Jew received it, than he took
a penknife, and laying the host upon the table.
stabbed it severa} times, and behold blood gushed
out from the wounds in great abundance. (The
crowning of thorns.)
The Jew, no way moved by this spectacle, now
endeavoured to pierce the host with a nail, by dint
of repeated blows with a hammer, aod again blood
rushed out. (From the baked wafer.)
Becoming more daring, he now seized the host,
aod hung it upon a stake, to inflict upon it (the
wafer) as many lashes, with a scourge, as the body
of Christ received from the Jews of old.
Then, snatcbing the host from the stake, he
+.hrew it into the fire; and, to bis astonishment, sa w
it moving unhurt in the midst of the flames.
Driven now to desperation, he seized a large knife.
and endeavoured to cut the host to pieces, but iQ
vaio.
Andas if to omit no one of the sufferinga en,.
dured by Jesus on the cross, he seized the boet
again, hung it in the vilest place in the house, and
pierced it (the wafer) with1he point of a apear,
and again blood issued from the wound. (Of th4
baked paste.)
Lastly, he threw the host into a cauldron ofboil.
iag water, and, instantly, the water was turned into
blood ; and lo ! the host wu 1oeen rising out of the

OK IIB.ACLU.

181

water in tbe form of a crucifix, and Juua Cl&rue

IIJIJI again ,een dging ma the crou. The Je0 havin8
crucijied tAe Lord afrc,la, now hid himself in the
darkest cellar of the house; and a woman, having
entered the house, beheld the affecting picture of
lhe passion of our Lord again exhibited on earth.
Moved with fear, she fell on her knees, and made
on her forehead the sign of the cross, when, in &
moment, (mark my friends the sequei) the body of
Iesua Christ, which was suspended on the cross
over the . cauldron, tumed into the host again, and
jumped into a disb, which the woman held in her
hand.
The woman took it to the Priest, told the story l
have repeated to you, and the Jew was seized, aent
to prison, and burnt alive:
The penknife, with which the host was pierced ;
the blood, that flowed from the wound!J ; the caul.
dron, and the dish are all preserved, a.tan infallib
fl"Ol!f ef tl,i, miracle."
There, my christian friends, is a far.famed speci.
rilen of Romish miracles, corroborated by high au.
thority, anel said, " to contain nothing contrary to
faith nor morais." 1 venture to affirm that a more
grosa and infamous " old wives' fable" was never
inventecl, by any crazy beldame, that ever scared
a viJlage.
ln regard to the worship of .saints and of the Vir
gin Mary it is written, " Thou shalt worship the
Lord thy God, and him unly shalt thou serve," and
again, " Let no man beguile us of our reward in a
voluntary humility, and worshipping of angels,'' i. e.
Let no man persuade us, through false humility, to
wor<1hip sainta rather than God, and thereby beguile
u. of' the . .rewanl of worship, the U\a'fie"t ,() ()\a
prayen.

,..

-OS Jlm.A.Ct.a.

melled

AU
ln reference to purgatory we read, "
1he dead that die m the Lord, for they red froa
their labour ;" and again, " aa the tnJe .falta IO
must it lie," and ao on.
Now, admitting the miracles recorded by P.
Gregory to be facts, yet, in as muoh as they wen
performed to establish doctrines and praotices ln
the Church at variance with revelation, we aT&
bound to reject their authority as testimony ; they
were not from God but from Satan, " who waa a
liar from the beginning, and the father of lies."
I remember one or two of P.ope Gregory's mira.
eles. He mentions a large river being tumed from
its course, in attestation of one of the Popiah tenets,
merely by a monk pointlng out with bis finger a
new channel.
He tells us of an inundation. which roee above
the roof of the Churches, but, because Masa wat
l>eing performed, although ali the doora and win
dows were wide open, the pious dood knew good
manners too well to enter.
He tells us of holy oil and holy water which
never wasted, and of guineas stamped and milled,
(alling in showers from heaven into tbe laps of tbe
monks, sent to them doubtlessly by that Jesus who
aid," Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon
earth ;" or by that Peter who said, " Silver and
gold have I none."
These are a few o{ the most rational of hia
fables, misealled miracles. 1 could mention othen
IO absurd, ao outlandishly and intolerantl:y foolish,
that I qllestion whether tbe idiot would believe
tltem, who mistakes the moon for a cream cheese
. But it is said by tome, \\\11.\ 11.\\ \\\. ee
8'0urred in tho Dax'k.. ies, \.\- "tt.'t\

0Jr IOliCLBS.;

181-

dif'erent now. Allow me, however, to affirm, that

it is not very different now, but rather precisely the
sarne, as I will prove to you from undoubted facta.
Shall I refer you to the "Adolorata and
Ecstatica" of Lord Shrewsbury, in order to esta.
blish my assertion 1 Shal,l I tell you of the mum.
mery and mockery now daily witnessed in the
IIU'llets of Rome? No: 1 have in my pocket a
whole encyclopedia of miracles reduced to a nut
lbell; and this I will exhibit to prove, that delusion.
is not accidental, but essential to the system of tha
Church of Rome.
I have the wonder.working Scapular invented in.
the 13th century, but in full vogue this very hour,
yea, actually wom in this very city, by many of
our deluded Roman Catholic brethren. And I have
also with me "the Miraculous Medal," invented
no later than A. D. 1832. These two talismana
'lave done more wonders than Aladdin's lamp, or
Zemira's ring.
You have all heard about the Carmelite mo
yet I shall be excused, 1 doubt not, for telling you
what I did not know myself, til! these two little
books. were put into my hands. One of them ia
called, "A brief account of the confraternity of
our blessed Lady of Mount Carmel, commonly
oalled the Scapular," and the other is called "An
account of the cures and conversions of the Miracu
lous medal," both published in 1838.
The Carmelites are so named from Mount Car.
mel, in Galileti, the M-0unt on which the prophet
Elijab aaw the little c10ud rise from the sea, afie,
the long drought, mentioned in 1 Kings xvi.
41.---f.5.
Well, Elijah, (so they say) waa the fouud.et <l(

ll'M

ON 11111l.ACLES.

this order of the blessed Virgin, A. C. 930- ln

much the sarne way, 1 suppose, as frE'e-rnasonry
was founded by Asshur, the builder ofBabel and
Nineveh. Be that as it rnay, the Carrnelites are
narned frorn Carmel, in Galilee. Allow me to
read the passage referred to in the Book of Kings :
"Elijah went up to the top of Carmel, and he cast
bimself down upon the earth, and put bis face be
tween bis knees, and said to bis servant, go up now,
look toward the sea, and he went lip and looked,
and said tbere is notbing. And Elijah said go
again seven times. And it carne to pass at the
seventh time, that be said, behold there ariseth a
little cloud out. of the sea, like a man's band. And
Elijah said, go up, say unto Ahab, prepare thy
cbariot, and get down, that the rain stop thee not,
and in the mean time the beaven was black with
clouds and wind, and there was a great rain."
Now, 1 ask, what do you suppose that little cloud
meant 1 1 in my sirnplicity, always thought it a
mere cloud, such as sailors call the ox-eye, a little
speck in the borizon, which always precedes a
stOrm.
Alas, rny friends, it was no such thing; that
cloud was the Virgin Mary, the rain was Jesus
Christ, and the wind was the Holy Ghost, for thus
we read in the Scapular, p. 14, Elijah " knew
frorn a prophetical notion, that the little cloud signi
fied the Virgin Mary, who was to spring forth from
the bitter sea of our corrupt natura without cor
ruption, and being resolved with the force of the
Holy Ghost, (the wind) she was to water this bar
ren world with the beavenly dew of the expected
Me.'!Siah, and therefore Elijah founded on thill
mountain a holy con\!;reiation, dedicated to the

honour of this Sacrell Vi"rg,'1.U.:' \'11\e \\.\\\e \.'ll.

OM Mlll.ACLEs.

185

I call this wonderful information, and I will defy

any one to evolve it from the simple reading of the
Bible, who, therefo1e, can doubt the immense value
of this little black book.
Hear another, equally illustrious: we read Acta
ii. 5, that on the day of Pentecost, when the miracu.
lous gifts of the Holy Ghost were sent down upon
the Apostles, there were, at Jerusalem, " devoul
men out of every nation under heaven." 1 igno
rantly imagined, that the feast of Pentecost, being
one of the great festivais, when God commanded
all the Jews to assemble in the holy city to cele.
brate the feast, was the occasion why, at this first
time, there were 80 many devout foreigners in the
city of David, Parthians and Medes, Phrygians and
Pamphilians, and 80 on. But, Sir, it was no sucb
thing; for we read in the Scapular p. 23, that
" Mary used often to go to Carmel and talk to the
monks about her son; by her conversation, she in
duced many to embrace the faith of Christ, but a
general convePSion did not happen till the feast oC
Pentecost, when the Holy Spirit carne, (not as we
imagine on the Apostles,) but upon the Carmelila
mon1,; for W astelius, Theophilad and others show,
t1iat IM nccu,or, of Elia, toere tl&ose di,ciplu
aenlioned bg St. Lu'J.e,
rohom t'As Holy Ghod
dacended."
Still another:-ln the 3rd century, Simon Stook
was choeen General (as it is called) of Mount Car
mel, thia man wu so named, because he had lived
like a madman, for twenty years in the stock, or
tnmk of an old oak tree, "hollowed out (says the
Scapu lar, p. 7,) whether by nature, or art, or the
unds of angels, we know not, for the hbitation ol
thia holy hermit; here he lived on too\a -.'\\.\\. b.
and M1metimes bread, brought
'\)"'j 11. '

"

' rom.

01' XIJU.CLBS.

Thus many days passed by: but one night u he

was on his knees, praying to the Blessed Virgin, (I
quote from the Scapular, p. 9,) there appeai'ed to
him the great mother of God, arrayed with the
brightest splendours, and accompanied by a great
number of happy spirits, holding the sacred Scapu
lar in her hands; she said to him, in Latin, " Take
my beloved son, this habit of your order. a privi.
foge to thee, and all Carmelites. Whoever shall
die with it, shall not suffer eternal .ftre. It is a ,ip
of salvalion, a safegvard in danger, a coi,enant of
peare !" Having said these words, sbe left tbe
sacred habit in bis hands, and vanished from hia
sight.-" Ecce signum."

Here, my friends, behold this sacred livery,

this safeguard from danger, this covenant of peace,
(us sign of everlasting salvation, this redeemer
from eternal tire. It comes from lreland ; it haa
been consecrated by tiht teveteud authority, and
worn by a devout Pe;pist, u 'a."\\ -a.m.\l.\\.

This habil is worn in the following way. The

lle,\d is put between the two pieces of tape, and tbe
brown cloth lies eitber upon the 1houldel'lf, like an
epaulette, or else, one end reste upon the nape of
the neck, wbile the other lies upon the ches.
P. 55. It must be made of clotb, serge, or stutf,
but not of .k; it may, however, be li11ed with silk,
or embroidered with gold and silver.''
And whymayit not be made ofsilk 1 "Because
Baronius snys, that the Virgin Mary never wore
silk, but woollen, and that of a brown, or native
(undyed) colour."
The monk Baronius mi 1Zht with great saf ety say,
that the Virgin Mary did not wear silk ; for silk
was sold, many centuri es after the death of Christ,
for its weight in gold. And the Emperor Aurelian,
at the end of the 3rd century, although the Monarch
of Rome, the richest and most luxurious empire in
the wrld, refused his Empress a robe of silk on
account of its enormous expense. If, therefore,
a Roman Emperor, 300 years after, could not afford
to purchase a silk robe even for bis queen, Baro11iU11
may with great confidence affirm, that Mary the
wife of a poor Jewish artist, did not wear silk.
But, Sir, allow me, with ali brevity, to relate,
what are the benefits to be conferred by wearing
thia woollen cloth.
First, (p- 11-12.) "The Virgin will never per.
mit tbose who wear ber habit to be damned; but at
ali timea, and particularly at the hour of death will
extend to them the most powerful aid, eo that their
aouls will not be the unhappy prey of fraudulent
and deceitful demona, who(continues the Scapular)
have often been heard to lament and howl horribly,
ayiDg, " Woe IM ! Woe, IIJOe fo "'
tM &,.

ffO'IA

cn4 Sctlptllar !" And as the stag o Cesar waa

preserved from the hounde, becauae he wore round
his neck this inecription, " Noli me tangere quia
Calsaris 1um," Don't touch me for I am Casar' ;
so the Carmelite ia aaved from tbe fool end, be
cauae he reada on the aacred habit, " Noli ?ne tan.
gere quia Marire aum," Don't toucb me for I am
Mary's. Oh, happy Carmel, ( exclaims the Scapu
lar, p. 12,) who have Mary for your mother, wbo,
by her protection, puts to deatb the infernal aer-
pent !"
P. 44. Father Alphonso declares, that doring
one of the processions of the holy Scapular, Satan
was heard to exclaim, that the greatest adveraary
he had in lhe world was the holy Scapular,for M
Aad lOlt more .ouZ. by tJaat luily 1'UI, 1han by a,

oCMr ,nea,u."

P. 12. Another privilege conferred by the Bfapu.

lar is, " Protection from every danger both carnal
and apiritual,/or 'ta laelmet and breiutplale ag,,..
all tA. fery darl, oJ tM toiehd one ; 'tia a aafeguard
from every peril, whether from man, the elements,
or Satan ; it is a protection and defence againat fire,
and thunder and lbtning ; many tempes (con
tinues the Scapular/ p. 65,) have been appeased by
this sacred habit ; many tires ban been quenched;
many sorts of infirmities cured ; witchcraft, fasoi
nation, and enchantments remedied ; and many
have been freed from devils, from fire and water,
from sickness, and accidents, by merely wearing
the Sacred Scapular."
The third privilege connected with thia brown
ng is the "Bulia Sabba.tum," whiob is given in
the following terms in the book of the Holy Seapa.
lar> p. 18. " John XX.11., tovereign Pontiff, fiDdin&'

Ol'f IJIB ACLBS,

189

the Church harrassed by a oohism raised by Louia

IV. prayed daily to the Virgin to liberate the
Church from impending calamities. One day, as
he rose from bis knees, the glorious quecn of hea
ven appeared to him, clad in the Carmelita hait,
and told him that, ,Ire 1DOuld go doum into purpatmy
ewry Saturday, to free 1uch 1oul1, a, 1he found ther
carrying her holy habit." But there appears, a
slight oversight in the Virgin in this promise, me
thinks she was somewhat troubled with shortness of
memory ; 1 think we were told before, that those
who died wearing the Scapular " should never go
into purgatory ;" if they never go there, 1 cannot
aee how the Virgin Mary can fetch them out thence.
I find in this book eighty.six atations specified by
name; and of tbese stations fourteen are dedicated
to the Virgin Mary ; fourteen are dedicated to St.
Peter; and how many times do you imagine the
name of Jesus or of Christ occurs 1 How many of
these eighty.six stations do you suppose are dedi.
cated to our Great Redeemer 1 NOT ONE ! ! !
I find St. Mary, Mark, Peter, Stephen, Paul,
Laurence, Sabine, George, John, Cicily, Ballino,
Sixtus, Susannah, Sylvester, the apostles, and so on,
but the name of Jesus, or of Christ, is no where to
be found. Does not this show, that Jesus Christ is
a mere scape goat in the Papal Church 1 a mere
gloss for Mary and the saints 1 instead of being the
A lpha and Omega, he is a mre cipher added to
others, to augment their value.
I must now call your attention for a few moments
to another wonder of this wonder-working Church.
No musty legend of the Dark Ages ; no story of
days gone by; but altogether a modern wonder, a
wonder of the 19th century, of ivi.li.'L'?.d Fl11.'t\,\.

lN
thN& her high and palmy days, IID honoar to tbe
reign of the present King, the wiae and enlighten.
ed Louis Phillipe .
I am now going to exhibit the celebrated mira
culous meda).

The rays represeut the grace1, which tbe Virgm

obtains for men.
The crou, &e. stand for Jeaua, Mary, and the
Triuity.
The hearta, are thoae of Jesus and Mary,
The daggflr in one of the hearts, is aymbolical o(
that scripture, " a sword shall pierce through thiBe
OWDSOU),"

The " Hi coculorum" to be used is inecrid

roun the medal, "O Mary. conceived without ein,
pray for us, who have recour11e to thee." Whoever
will say tbeso words, and wear the meda), may do
anything ; not only remove mountai09t but tura
mountains into men.
Allow me my friends, to state to you the origia
of thi11 wonderful brasa farthing. la tbe year 1830
a certain novice in Paris saw, while at prayer, a pie.
ture, representiug tbe Virgin Mary with ber bandetretched orth; from \\et \\1en \\\e1., \W\ed

buudles of ray11 nd voice uclaimed, "theae lllY

are thP graoes, which Mary obta,us fo1 men. anel
they flow abu.ndantly from Frane11," Arouud the
picture were these words in letters of golcl, " O
Mary conceived wilhout ein, pray for 1111, wbo baYe
recourse to thea. ., :ln a fe,r minutes the picture
turned over, aud showed the reYerae aide, oo wbich
were the letter M surmounted by a cross, and un
derneath the beart11 of Jesus and of Mary, After
the sister had gazed a few minutes tbe .voice again
exclaimed, " lt is nece.ssary to have a meda) atruck
nfter thia model, and whosoever shall wear it, and
use the prayer, shall enjoy the especial protection
of tbe mother of God."
The sister <klferring to carry out tbe command for
si:< months, the picture again returned, and up
braided her with neglect ; and so with the eonsent
of the Archbisbop of Paris, in the year 1832 lhe
medal was struck, nnd thousands and tens of thou
sands have been since distributed.
8uch is the history of this magic coin ; to read
you the many wonderful cures il has effeeted would
earry me beyond midnight, 1 will bowever give you
a hrief specimen, and leave you to infer.its univer
eal application, " ez pede Herculem."
I find among the Jist of cures the following: bydrQ.
phobia, blasphemy, conaumption, hernia, Jeproay,
tna.dness, broken joints, phrensyand infidlity, apo
plexy, blood spitting, caneer, paralysis, morder, old
age aud infirmity ; of theae, my frieuds, with your
permission I will read just one or two.
P. 7. A child, five years old, unable to walk, had
been under the hands of ali the most skilful doc
or1 in Paris, but without any benelicial effects, at
i..t tbe diac\insolate mother put the meda.\ '\\. \
cw1d, ,qd it waa cured in a. mom'\\\.

102

01' .llrB.lCLBS,

ln 1833, a soldier was brought ioto the h ospital

of Aleocon, of most impious aod brutal manoers,
aod was evideotly at tbe point of death ; oothing
could relieve bis paio, or solen bis brutality, or
cbeck bis blaspbemy, till one oigbt, ooe of the aia.
tera of tbe ward hung a meda!, out of sight, at the
foot of bis bed, aod the man was cooverted into a
lamb of Christ.
Mon. Boulangier io 1833, was suffering from a
tumour, whicb was as big as a man's bead, the sur.
geons had ali given him over, but upon receiving a
medal, the tumour instantly subsided, and the man
was as well as ever.
But I can beat that by the following anecdote,
" a young lady aged tweoty-seven, hod dislocated
her hip, and oothing could cure her, tbe leg was con.
tracted six inches, aod appeared witherad and life.
kllll. One Friday oight hning laid a medal on the
plae, the paio ceased, th
mb was Jengthened six
inches, grew instaotly st l:

and healthy, and the

young Jady jumped out of , aod cut capers, like
a French dancing master.
At Angora, an old man, feeble aod grey headed,
aod witb one fo:1t in tbe grave, no sooner began to
wear the meda!, than be was restored to healtb and
-rigour, and was able to work like a man in the
prime of life.
There, and a hundred other similar enchaot
ments, are recorded in tbis book as facts, and not
only eo, but are prioted and reported by the higbest
authority, as proofs of the divine power, and im,
macui11te holiness, of the Churcb of Rome.
My dear friends, although I may appP.ar as one
that mocks, 1 here decl11re, with ali solemnity, it
gives me no p\easute thus clearly to discero the
abuses of this de\111\ell ani\ i\\\\i\\n-i d\.


Would God I could believe, that" her eine whicb
are many are ali forgiven herl"
. lt is no pleasure to me to trace out point 11ner
point the folly and blaspherny of" tbie cage of UD
.clean birds," no, no ! The further I find ber re,.
moved from the eimplicity of tha gospel, and tbe
more firmly I believe ber an apostate prie,tlaood,
tbe more does my beart bleed to tbink of the many
millions, who bave received " ber mark upon tbeir
forehcads," and the more do 1 tremble for the eigbt
millione of British subjecte. wbo " are bowing to
tbis Baal, and trusting to this broken reed."
They call us bigota, bceause when we weigh
them in the goepel balance, and find them wanting,
we plainly tell them, " their days are numbered."
They call us unchRritable, because wben we
prove them apostate. we pronounce lhem " an ac
cursed Chnrch," " if any man preach any other
ppel, Jet him be accursed."
They call us seditious, because when we eee
this Jezebel, and remember wh1tt she has done, we
would bave ber" thrown down from ber high plaee,"
and no longer '' exalt herself against the Lord."
They call us unchristian, becRuse we tell tbem,
their arrogant infallibility, their traffic in in. their
alvation by works, their abuse of penance. abtolu
tion, and indulgencee, their absurd miraclet a.mi
" lying wondere;' are ali as plninly connter to tbe
Cellor of the Bible, as if God had eealed them
witb bis anathema, or written with bis finger o
the forehead of Rome,-Mystery, Babylon the Great
But, my Christian friends, are we bigote, are we
uncharitable, are we seditious, are we uncbrietiaa,
bec'luse we warn them, while there is hope, to
" purge themselves from tbese," leal fe um\.
ahoujd say, wnen there 18 no toom iot ,'\\\,

lN
" Depart ye cul'tled into everlaating fire, prepared
for tbe devi) and hia angela."
To you my Proteatant brethren, allow me to ad.
drees one word at parting. Remember it ia not tbe
name of Cbriat, or of Protestant, will aecure sa.lva
tiou, or keep you in the terrible day of the Lord ;
aearcb well your hearts, and aee if you are not
leaning on some'' withered branch," some" boly
8capular," or " miraculoua meda)" of your own
righteousness to save you in the '' day of terrora."
Are you se,eking to have some hand in your own
salvation 1 to compromise your duty 1 to look to
your Churches and exertions, as to meritorious
works, to " set off'' against your sins 1 If so, you
are, after all, a Papist in your heart; if so, you are
nambered with thoso transgressors ; if so, 1 say
unto you with all the ardour, and ali tbe affection,
and all the sincerity of a miniater and a brother,
" Touch not the unclean thing, for strong is the
Lord God who judgeth her." Repent, repcnt, or
elae the bright angel of the Churcb " shaU come
unto you quickly, and fight against you with the
- sword of h1s mouth." But, and God grant it may
be tl}e case with all now present, " him that over
cometb will I make a pillar in the tcmple of my
God, and be shall go no more out, and I will write
on bim (not the name of Mystery) b11t tbe name
of God; (not Babylon the Great) but the name of
tbe city of my God, which is new Jcrusalem; (not
tbe Mother of herlots and the nbomination of tbe
eartb,) but I will write upon him my (own) new
name," says the "Alpha and Omega, the beginnin1
and the end."

A CHRONOLOGICAL

rABLE

OP

POPISB PECULI!RITIBS IN DOCTIUNJ A.ND PR!CTICI

IN the third century the sacraments were cor

rupted. Oblations for the dead and a monastic
life carne into fashion.
Fourth century.-The clergy firat prohibited
marriage. Pilgrimages grew into rei,ate. Relics
_much esteemed. Discovery of t\,e supposed real
cross of Christ. Festivais in hon.,ur of the mar
tyrs. Sanctuaries allowed.
Fifth century.-Pictures and im..ges introduced;
also prayers for the dead. Superstitious reverence
for the sacramenl Change of puolic for private
confession. Incense and tapers useJ in the church.
Rage for accumulating relics.
Sixth century.-The Lord's supper esteemed a
sacrific. The bishops of Rome claimed univer
sal supremacy. Rivalship between the bishops of
Rome and Constantinopla. Title of" Most Cath
olic" given to Recared, Kinir of Spain, on his
joining the Church ofRome. Name ofthe Virgin
Mary and the archangels, Michael and Gabriel,
joined in solemn oaths. Gregory composed the
mass bearing his name, and increaaed the ceremo-

.96

CBROLOGJCA.L TABLB.

niea of the church. Holy water introdoced. Ton

sure of the clergy enjoined as a part of their ordi
nation.
Seventh century.-1'he twelfth Council of To
ledo released the subjeots of Wamba from their
allegiance to their sovereign. Saint& publicly in
voked.
Eighth century.-Image wonhip ordain
Pope Gregory absolved the people of Rome from
their allegiance to the emperor, and forbade
payment of tribute from ltaly. Commencement
of the Pope's temporal dominion. The praetice
of kissing the Pope'a foot on his acceuion to the
Papacy introduced. Monka and superior clergy.
invested with Lhe appendages and prerogativea of
aovereign princes. Rites and customs of Pagan
iam transferred to Christianity. Tbe offices of the
priesthood rendered necessary to the validity of
foarriage by Charlemagne. 1'he rage for relicia
and pilgrimages greatly increased.
Ninth century.-Transubatantiation 'introduced.
Festivais in hoilour of the saints increased. The
custom of carrying the cross before the Pope co
menced. Ordeal. Triais practised.
Tenth century.-Agnus Dei invented. Bella
baptizcd. John XVI. and Gregory V. were rival
Popes. Many bishops maintained that the Roman
pontiff was universal bishop, whose see was the
whole world. The clergy very ignorant, many
being incapable of repeating even the apostle'a
creed. Purg.atory produced great terror. Cursing
by bell, book, and candle invented, with other
aolemnities of excommunication. 1'he rosary anel
crown of the Virgin instituted.
Eleventh century.-'r'n.e l\.l)tt1.'an l)\\.titls deco-

011&01.'fOLOGlC.AL T.&BLB.
/

197

rated with the title of masters of the world, and

Popes or universal fatherf.. Antipopes. Popo.
Benedict IX. sold the pontilicate to Gregory VI.,
called "bloody," for bis martial rage. Three
Popes at once, Benedict, Sylvester, and Gregory.
Clement UI. and Victor III. wcre rival popeL
The first crusade to the Holy Land. Divine ser
vice prohibited in any other language than Greek
and Latin.
Twelfth century.-The number of sacramenta
6xed at seven. Antipopes. lndulgences granted.
Thirteenth century.-The cup denied to the la
ity. Transubstantiation confirmed by the LaterQ
Council The jubilee set up. The Emperor Fred
erick IL excommunicated by the Pope for delaying
a promised crusade. Pope Gregory II. erected
new kingdoms and disposed of the crown& He
excommunicated various sovereigns. lnnocent
Ili. excommunicated Philip, King of France, and
JUt his kingdom under an interdict which prohib1ted the celebration of Divine service in it. Eng
land under an interdict in the time of King John,
when the churches were closed and the dead
buried in the highways without funeral ritea; The
king excommunicated, and all persons ordered to
avoid him on pain of excommunication. The
Pope deposed King John, declared bis throne va
cant, and wrote to the King of France to conquer
England for himsel( ln the reign of Henry IIL
of England, the Pope demanded the fifth of the
ecclesiastical revenues of this kingdom. Pope
lnnocent lV. deposed the Emperor F,tederick:
Auricular confession instituted. Proce11Bion of the
host began. Crusades against the Albigenae
1'he lnquisition establiahed.

Fourteenth centary.-The Emperor Lewis es

communicated for assuming hia dignity before ob
taining the Pope' pennisaion. lnnocent IV. in
stituted festivais in honour of the lance which
pierced Christ, his crown of thorns, and the nails
of crucifixion. Clement V. appropriated the rev
enues of vacant bencfices, wh1ch originated the
first fruit.s. Indulgences first publicly sold.
Fif\eenth century.-Three Popes at one time.
Hu11and Jerome of Prague hurnt:d.
Sisteenth century.-The Pope and the Ven
etians at war. lnstitution of Jesuits. Sale ofin
clulgences by TetzeL Luther suinmoned to Rome.i
a buli against him ; excommunicated. Cowicil
of Trent held in 1545. Henry VIII. cited before
the Pope. England laid uuder an interdict.
Massacres of the W aldenses and of St. Bartholo
mew.
Beventeenth century.-Powder-plot. Irish mu
aere, in which upwards of 200,000 were sacrificecl
in a few monthi.
Nineteenth centory.-Massacre o( Protestants
in the south of France. The Pope iuued a bull
apilllt the Bible Society.

GENERAL REMARKS ON POPERY.

The compiler of these pages has endeavoured,
as much as possible, to avoid expressing that in
dignation which some of its doctrines would call
forth, and that ridicule which some of its absurdi
ties richly me.rit. lts doctrines and rites re best
seen by comparing them with Scripture. The
Catholics have a translation of their own, and yet
they have never been able sufficiently to distort it
to make it suitable to their purpose, and hence they
keep the word of God back from the people under
the pretence ofits being too difficult to understand j
but, in truth, to prevent their own deeds being
brought to the light. Nothing is less alike than
Popery and Christianity. 1'he one is a religioo
ofshow, the other ofsimplicity-the one oftyranny,
the' other of love-the one of hypocrisy, the other
of sincerity-the one of corruption, the other of
purity-the one of darkness, the other of light
The following charges (printed in ltalic1) have
been justly made against Popery by one of tho
most candid of Protestants, and one of the mod
!iberal of opponenta, Dt. Pye. Sm,\h..

200

GDD.AL llEIUJlU OM POPDT

Charge 1.-" Tlu Roma11 Catkol: sysle i,

f01t,nde 01& a false grovn of autlwrity. Thi1
ground i s, that there exiats a vi11ible, universal, and
infallible church ; that the Roman community ia
that church, and that the Pope is, by Divine right,
it. aovereign head." (Council Tridenl Sesa. 24,
cap. 12). This is claiming too much for any
earthly community, and excluding from the true
Church of Christ all who do not belong to that one
community. The avowed supremacy ofthe Pope
ha" no foundation whate\'er. He is said to be the
1ucces1or of St. Peter; but there is no proof that
Peter ever was bishop of Rome. He was the
apostle of the Jews rather than of the Gentiles;
and had he been bishop of Rome he never claimed
dominion over his fellow-apostles.
Charge II.-" The Roman Catholic religio11
tendi to toeaken an eslroy the 'IJery eJSential prin
ciple, of personal religion.." lt lays a stress on rite1
and ceremonies which the Scripture condemna.
The following sentiments are to be found in itl
books. "lnfants dying unbaptized, unless they are
put to death as martyrs, cannot be saved. Contri
tion forsaking sin, faith and trust in Christ for the
1
pardon of it, are of no avail to salvation unlesa
followed by confesion to the priest, and absolution
by him pronounced; or in cases of impossibility, a
toi,h to have them. An excommunicated person
dying so is out the possibility of salvation. 'I!hat
the aacraments confer grace from the mere per
formance of their respective acts."
Charge 111.-" The Roma1i Catkolic religion
requires belief in absur, unscrip tural, and per
icious octrines, as the washing away of sins by
prayera and tears1 when th.e Scri2ture tella us that

G'lllfDA1.. JlEIWlKS ON POPDT:

191

the blood of Jesus cleanseth from all sin.' "-That

the mass is a real, proper, and propitiatory sacri
6ee, the very sarne with that offered on the cross,
and beneficial to the living and dead; and that
the bread and wine in the eucharist are changed
into the very real and actual flesh and blood of
Christ. According to Popery, our Lord does not
die when eaten and drunk. Then he is eaten and
drunk alive ! body, soul, and divinity being eaten
and dnmk or swallowed together I body, eoul, and
divinity going into the stomach and gastric juice.
But, how can our Lord, whole and entire, bis body,
soul, aud divinity, go into our body or stomah t
Can his whole and entire ditnnity be contained in
one finite and little body1 No. According to this
absurd doctrine, if any particle of the wafer or drop
of the wine fali to the ground unnoticed, it ia a
part of our Lord's hody, soul, and dhinity; and
this body, &e., haa been and is eaten and drunk
miHions of times in millions of plaees, by miUions
of people in ali ages and in ali parts of the world I
Ha, not the eonsiderate reader sense enough to see
this absurdity 1
Charge IV.-" Tke Roman Catholic rtligm
enacts laws an.d ordinancts of discipline anil, wor
,hip, by its own a1Jowed authority; and denou.ncu
the penalty of 1rcerlasting damnation on those WC!
refuse to suhmit to its paramo11,nt demands." The
poor Catholic slave is bound to hear mass on Sun
days and holidays. To fast during Lent, on Em
her Day and Vigils, and to abstain from flesh on
Fridays and Saturdays. To confess to the priest
at least once a year, and that about Easter. Not
to solemnize marriage on certain day, of the year,
. Theae are laws not derived from the Scri

tare, and the obarvance of them by the soperlti

tioua Catholic is put in the place of practical holi
ness. The whole syatem places burdens on men'
1houlders too heavy to be borne. lt ia Pharisaism
in perfection, and thoroughly opposed to the 1er
'Vice of Christ, whose "yoke ia easy," and whose
" burden is light."
Charge V.-" Tl&e Roman Catholic system ndr
t,erts tke importance and utility of the Holy Scrip
tu.res. It asserts that the word of God is not plai",
easy, and certain: that tlie unrestrained reading
of it does more harm than good : that tkeir trad
tions are of efJU,al autlwrity with the Word of God."
But though Popery prohibits the Bible and other
excellent books, it does not prohibit ali books.
Rogers well observes--" Works that tend to rivet
their chain, people may read ; books adapted to
make them more passive in slavery, and more obe
dient to the Pope or priest, they may read1 mark.
and learn. They are to read lying legenda, and
fabulous lives of real or pretended saints.. They
may pore over stupid tales of monkery, feigned
and false accounts of monks and nuns, men and
women who are often idle, ignorant, and immoral.
They may read what will not make them wiaer,
hut perhaps confirm them in folly j what will not
make them better, but may make them worse.
ln fine, the people asked for bread, and the priest
hood gave them a atone; the former begged a
tiah, and the latter gave a serpent.-Matt. vii."
Charge VI.-" Tke Roman Catholic system i,
faJJourable to the toorst description of tyranny, boti
public and private. ln France, tke prostration of
reuon and conscience, whick is tke soul of thi, ,y
le,
11,e slaJJery of tke t:ery mind, and tlu nruri

GDD.U. REJUJU[II 0111 'l'Ol'DT,

203

menl of that most absolute of tyrannies." Their

censuring all who do not belong to their commu
nion. The practice of auricular confession, and
the priest's arbitrary dictation of penances anel
ntisfactions, while by this practice he unlocks the
secreta of hearts and families, and often turns
matters to the basest purposes of intrigue and vil
The existence of monastic institutions,
lany.
cutting the ties o familis asunder, and violating
ali the laws of nature and society. The pretended
right of the church, even claiming the making and
unmaking of kingr., never yet formally revoked.
Charge VII.-" Tke Roman Catkolic religio1&
is a persecuting religion. Her pre-eminenc.. in
acts of carnage no terms can utter. ' ln ker is
found the blood ofprophets, and ( sai11ts, and of all
the murdered upon the earth. -Rev. xviii. 24.
The oceans of blood 1ohich that remor$eless power
has spilt in support of lier usurpations rise beyoncl
all description.
Tkey spread horror over ages
of tke kistory of Europe ; especially of France,
lhe Alpine countries, Flanders, and Germany, as
'fecorded by tlie most unbiassed writers, and even by
Catholics themselves." Catholics may, indeed,

find it convenient to deny persecution where Po

pery has not the ascendancy, but where it has, it
persecutes with all its heart. lt is true, as before
acknowledged in another part of these pages, there
.have been some sad instances of persecution by
Protestants; but while persecution is among them
but an accident and no part of their creed, it
is really a constitutiorial part of and ever has been
embodied with Popery. Popery, indeed, forms so
horrible a pictur in its true colours, that the Cath
lics, are ashamed to own it. They eay itl featurea

tlN,.

ODEJLU. B.EJUJlD OK P01'.

are diatorted, though many of them are deline

by Papista themaelvea. 'l'bey assert, that its
aecutiona were not religious, but political dt
and that men were not punished for being heN:
but for being rebela. Even the Holy Inquia
never peraecuted, if we are to believe their'
reports; they were most tender towards the bc:
of the 1ufferers and would not burn them tl
aelves, but having doomed them to be bumed,
the greatest pain and pity, only handed them
to the cavil power to execute the sentence t N
w&1 there a more practical comment on
Proverh, that " tbe tender mercies of the wic
are cruel"
To this charge may be added,
Charge VIII.-" TAt- Roman Catholic reli,
i, a religio1' of 11riestcraft." It is full of fra
and every false scheme is devised which cat
the cotfers ofthe popish church. Moneyl mor
money I isthe godofthe priests. Nota prayer
be otfered, nor a poor soul be delivered from t
fancied pu,gatory, but for money I And wh
worse than ai it admita of the worst sins b
committed, and committed for money ; so th:
who abounda in money, may "sin that grace I
abound."
Rol,er4 H(l,ll has then most appropria
summed up the phuacter of Popery, wheri
says, in hia elegant and energetic manner-"
pery, in the ordinary state of its profession, e
bines the 'form of godliness,' with a total de
uf its power. A heap of unmeaning ceremot
adapted to fascinate the imagination and t'DI!
the senses; implicit faith in hurnan autho
oombined with an utter neglect ofDi,ine tcacbi

'

GDDAL Jl.UABl'S ON l'OPDT.

205

ignorance the mOlt profound joined to dogmati1111

the moat presamptuous: a vigilant excbuion of
biblical Jmowledge, together with a total extinetion
of free inquiry, present the spectacle of religion
lying .in state 1nuro11nded witb the silent pomp of
death. The very absurditios of such a reliRon
render it leu unacceptable to men, whose dec1ded
hostility to truth inclines them to view with com .
placency what ever obecures its beauty or impede,
ats operation. Of all the corruptions of Christian
ity which have prevailed to any considerable ex
tent, Popery presenta the moat numerous points of
contraat to the simple doctrines of the goapel; and
juat in proportion as it gains ground, the religion
of Chriat must decline. 11
What friend of liberty and happiness can for,
bear rejoicing in the prospects of the final over
throw of a system which has so long fettered tbe
human mind and covered Christendom with thick
darkneu 1 The gigantio power of Popery muit
be overthrown. lt will be overthrown. The time
hastens when light sball cbase away darkness, and
when liberty shall be proclaimed to the captives.
The ntence of "the man of aio II is pronounced,
" whom tbe Lord shall consume with the spirit of
bis mouth, and shall destroy with the qhtne11
of bis coming.11 The corrupt Churoh of Rome
ah.ali be swept away as with a deluge. Evcry
thing is preparing the way for the event Sbe
trembles at the revolutions of papal states, the
march of knowledge and science, and the irresiat
ible progreu of her great antagonist, TBE BJBLE
8ocn:TY. She quails at that gospel sound which
is " gone out through all the earth.11 A few more
rolling 1UD1 and her glory will be een to 1111\ m.

etemal darkneu. Tben lhaU tbe uuited myri.a

of the pure .chureh of Ohrist break forth into o
llnivel'Ml 1hout of iriumph-" Rejoice over h
tbou heaven, and yt,, boly apou.es and propbe
for God hatb avenged yo11 on. .b.or ;"

'4 Pallen, .lillen

li Bun.OII l'lll GtlH.T i-. lle 119 IBl>J:W "

'l'D .IIIID